otlatırğa
/otlatɯrʁa/
graze, pasture, put livestock out to graze — Causative of otlarğa "graze, feed on grass": the subject tends the animals, which are the object.
- malnı otlatırğa — to pasture the livestock
- ol iynekleni otlatadı — he grazes the cows
- qoylanı tawda otlatadıla — they graze the sheep in the mountains
- men tünene atlanı otlatdım — yesterday I grazed the horses
- qoylanı otlatırğa barabız — we are going to graze the sheep
Conjugation
Common forms
- otlatadıhe is grazing
- otlatdıhe grazed
- otlathandıhe has grazed
- otlatırhe will graze
- otlatırıqdıhe is going to graze
- otlata edihe was grazing
- otlatsaif he grazes
- otlat!graze!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlatamaI am grazing | senotlatasayou are grazing | olotlatadıhe is grazing | bizotlatabızwe are grazing | sizotlatasızyou all are grazing | alaotlatadılathey are grazing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlatmaymaI am not grazing | senotlatmaysayou are not grazing | olotlatmaydıhe is not grazing | bizotlatmaybızwe are not grazing | sizotlatmaysızyou all are not grazing | alaotlatmaydılathey are not grazing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlatamamı? otlatamıma?am I grazing? | senotlatamısa?are you grazing? | olotlatamıdı?is he grazing? | bizotlatabızmı? otlatamıbız?are we grazing? | sizotlatamısız?are you all grazing? | alaotlatamıdıla?are they grazing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlatmaymamı? otlatmaymıma?aren't I grazing? | senotlatmaymısa?aren't you grazing? | olotlatmaymıdı?isn't he grazing? | bizotlatmaybızmı? otlatmaymıbız?aren't we grazing? | sizotlatmaymısız?aren't you all grazing? | alaotlatmaymıdıla?aren't they grazing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlatıwçanmaI usually graze | senotlatıwçansayou usually graze | olotlatıwçandıhe usually grazes | bizotlatıwçanbızwe usually graze | sizotlatıwçansızyou all usually graze | alaotlatıwçandılathey usually graze |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlatmawçanmaI usually don't graze | senotlatmawçansayou usually don't graze | olotlatmawçandıhe usually doesn't graze | bizotlatmawçanbızwe usually don't graze | sizotlatmawçansızyou all usually don't graze | alaotlatmawçandılathey usually don't graze |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlatıwçanmamı? otlatıwçanmıma?do I usually graze? | senotlatıwçanmısa?do you usually graze? | olotlatıwçanmıdı?does he usually graze? | bizotlatıwçanbızmı? otlatıwçanmıbız?do we usually graze? | sizotlatıwçanmısız?do you all usually graze? | alaotlatıwçanmıdıla?do they usually graze? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlatmawçanmamı? otlatmawçanmıma?do I usually not graze? | senotlatmawçanmısa?do you usually not graze? | olotlatmawçanmıdı?does he usually not graze? | bizotlatmawçanbızmı? otlatmawçanmıbız?do we usually not graze? | sizotlatmawçanmısız?do you all usually not graze? | alaotlatmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not graze? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olotlatıbdıhe has grazed and remains so | alaotlatıbdılathey have grazed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olotlatıbmıdı?has he grazed? | alaotlatıbmıdıla?have they grazed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlatıb turamaI keep grazing | senotlatıb turasayou keep grazing | olotlatıb turadıhe keeps grazing | bizotlatıb turabızwe keep grazing | sizotlatıb turasızyou all keep grazing | alaotlatıb turadılathey keep grazing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlatıb turmaymaI don't keep grazing | senotlatıb turmaysayou don't keep grazing | olotlatıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep grazing | bizotlatıb turmaybızwe don't keep grazing | sizotlatıb turmaysızyou all don't keep grazing | alaotlatıb turmaydılathey don't keep grazing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlatıb turamamı? otlatıb turamıma?do I keep grazing? | senotlatıb turamısa?do you keep grazing? | olotlatıb turamıdı?does he keep grazing? | bizotlatıb turabızmı? otlatıb turamıbız?do we keep grazing? | sizotlatıb turamısız?do you all keep grazing? | alaotlatıb turamıdıla?do they keep grazing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlatıb turmaymamı? otlatıb turmaymıma?don't I keep grazing? | senotlatıb turmaymısa?don't you keep grazing? | olotlatıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep grazing? | bizotlatıb turmaybızmı? otlatıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep grazing? | sizotlatıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep grazing? | alaotlatıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep grazing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlata turamaI am in the middle of grazing | senotlata turasayou are in the middle of grazing | olotlata turadıhe is in the middle of grazing | bizotlata turabızwe are in the middle of grazing | sizotlata turasızyou all are in the middle of grazing | alaotlata turadılathey are in the middle of grazing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlata turmaymaI am not in the middle of grazing | senotlata turmaysayou are not in the middle of grazing | olotlata turmaydıhe is not in the middle of grazing | bizotlata turmaybızwe are not in the middle of grazing | sizotlata turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of grazing | alaotlata turmaydılathey are not in the middle of grazing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlata turamamı? otlata turamıma?am I in the middle of grazing? | senotlata turamısa?are you in the middle of grazing? | olotlata turamıdı?is he in the middle of grazing? | bizotlata turabızmı? otlata turamıbız?are we in the middle of grazing? | sizotlata turamısız?are you all in the middle of grazing? | alaotlata turamıdıla?are they in the middle of grazing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlata turmaymamı? otlata turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of grazing? | senotlata turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of grazing? | olotlata turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of grazing? | bizotlata turmaybızmı? otlata turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of grazing? | sizotlata turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of grazing? | alaotlata turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of grazing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menotlatdımI grazed | senotlatdıŋyou grazed | olotlatdıhe grazed | bizotlatdıqwe grazed | sizotlatdığızyou all grazed | alaotlatdılathey grazed |
| Simple past (definite) | menotlatmadımI didn't graze | senotlatmadıŋyou didn't graze | olotlatmadıhe didn't graze | bizotlatmadıqwe didn't graze | sizotlatmadığızyou all didn't graze | alaotlatmadılathey didn't graze |
| Simple past (definite) | menotlatdımmı?did I graze? | senotlatdıŋmı?did you graze? | olotlatdımı?did he graze? | bizotlatdıqmı?did we graze? | sizotlatdığızmı?did you all graze? | alaotlatdılamı?did they graze? |
| Simple past (definite) | menotlatmadımmı?didn't I graze? | senotlatmadıŋmı?didn't you graze? | olotlatmadımı?didn't he graze? | bizotlatmadıqmı?didn't we graze? | sizotlatmadığızmı?didn't you all graze? | alaotlatmadılamı?didn't they graze? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlathanmaI have grazed | senotlathansayou have grazed | olotlathandıhe has grazed | bizotlathanbızwe have grazed | sizotlathansızyou all have grazed | alaotlathandılathey have grazed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlatmağanmaI haven't grazed | senotlatmağansayou haven't grazed | olotlatmağandıhe hasn't grazed | bizotlatmağanbızwe haven't grazed | sizotlatmağansızyou all haven't grazed | alaotlatmağandılathey haven't grazed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlathanmamı? otlathanmıma?have I grazed? | senotlathanmısa?have you grazed? | olotlathanmıdı?has he grazed? | bizotlathanbızmı? otlathanmıbız?have we grazed? | sizotlathanmısız?have you all grazed? | alaotlathanmıdıla?have they grazed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlatmağanmamı? otlatmağanmıma?haven't I grazed? | senotlatmağanmısa?haven't you grazed? | olotlatmağanmıdı?hasn't he grazed? | bizotlatmağanbızmı? otlatmağanmıbız?haven't we grazed? | sizotlatmağanmısız?haven't you all grazed? | alaotlatmağanmıdıla?haven't they grazed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menotlatıb turdumI kept grazing | senotlatıb turduŋyou kept grazing | olotlatıb turduhe kept grazing | bizotlatıb turduqwe kept grazing | sizotlatıb turduğuzyou all kept grazing | alaotlatıb turdulathey kept grazing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menotlatıb turmadımI didn't keep grazing | senotlatıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep grazing | olotlatıb turmadıhe didn't keep grazing | bizotlatıb turmadıqwe didn't keep grazing | sizotlatıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep grazing | alaotlatıb turmadılathey didn't keep grazing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlatırmaI will graze | senotlatırsayou will graze | olotlatırhe will graze | bizotlatırbızwe will graze | sizotlatırsızyou all will graze | alaotlatırlathey will graze |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlatmazmaI won't graze | senotlatmazsayou won't graze | olotlatmazhe won't graze | bizotlatmazbızwe won't graze | sizotlatmazsızyou all won't graze | alaotlatmazlathey won't graze |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlatırmamı? otlatırmıma?will I graze? | senotlatırmısa?will you graze? | olotlatırmı?will he graze? | bizotlatırbızmı? otlatırmıbız?will we graze? | sizotlatırmısız?will you all graze? | alaotlatırlamı? otlatırmıla?will they graze? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlatmazmamı? otlatmazmıma?won't I graze? | senotlatmazmısa?won't you graze? | olotlatmazmı?won't he graze? | bizotlatmazbızmı? otlatmazmıbız?won't we graze? | sizotlatmazmısız?won't you all graze? | alaotlatmazlamı? otlatmazmıla?won't they graze? |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlatırıqmaI am going to graze | senotlatırıqsayou are going to graze | olotlatırıqdıhe is going to graze | bizotlatırıqbızwe are going to graze | sizotlatırıqsızyou all are going to graze | alaotlatırıqdılathey are going to graze |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlatırıq tülmeI am not going to graze | senotlatırıq tülseyou are not going to graze | olotlatırıq tüldühe is not going to graze | bizotlatırıq tülbüzwe are not going to graze | sizotlatırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to graze | alaotlatırıq tüldülethey are not going to graze |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlatırıqmamı? otlatırıqmıma?am I going to graze? | senotlatırıqmısa?are you going to graze? | olotlatırıqmıdı?is he going to graze? | bizotlatırıqbızmı? otlatırıqmıbız?are we going to graze? | sizotlatırıqmısız?are you all going to graze? | alaotlatırıqmıdıla?are they going to graze? |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlatırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to graze? | senotlatırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to graze? | olotlatırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to graze? | bizotlatırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to graze? | sizotlatırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to graze? | alaotlatırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to graze? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menotlathan edimotlathanemI had grazed | senotlathan ediŋotlathaneŋyou had grazed | olotlathan ediotlathanedhe had grazed | bizotlathan edikotlathanekwe had grazed | sizotlathan edigizotlathanegizyou all had grazed | alaotlathan edileotlathanellethey had grazed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menotlatmağan edimotlatmağanemI hadn't grazed | senotlatmağan ediŋotlatmağaneŋyou hadn't grazed | olotlatmağan ediotlatmağanedhe hadn't grazed | bizotlatmağan edikotlatmağanekwe hadn't grazed | sizotlatmağan edigizotlatmağanegizyou all hadn't grazed | alaotlatmağan edileotlatmağanellethey hadn't grazed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menotlata edimotlataemI was grazing | senotlata ediŋotlataeŋyou were grazing | olotlata ediotlataedhe was grazing | bizotlata edikotlataekwe were grazing | sizotlata edigizotlataegizyou all were grazing | alaotlata edileotlataellethey were grazing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menotlatmay edimotlatmayemI wasn't grazing | senotlatmay ediŋotlatmayeŋyou weren't grazing | olotlatmay ediotlatmayedhe wasn't grazing | bizotlatmay edikotlatmayekwe weren't grazing | sizotlatmay edigizotlatmayegizyou all weren't grazing | alaotlatmay edileotlatmayellethey weren't grazing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menotlatıwçan edimotlatıwçanemI used to graze | senotlatıwçan ediŋotlatıwçaneŋyou used to graze | olotlatıwçan ediotlatıwçanedhe used to graze | bizotlatıwçan edikotlatıwçanekwe used to graze | sizotlatıwçan edigizotlatıwçanegizyou all used to graze | alaotlatıwçan edileotlatıwçanellethey used to graze |
| Habitual past (used to) | menotlatmawçan edimotlatmawçanemI didn't use to graze | senotlatmawçan ediŋotlatmawçaneŋyou didn't use to graze | olotlatmawçan ediotlatmawçanedhe didn't use to graze | bizotlatmawçan edikotlatmawçanekwe didn't use to graze | sizotlatmawçan edigizotlatmawçanegizyou all didn't use to graze | alaotlatmawçan edileotlatmawçanellethey didn't use to graze |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olotlatıb edihe had grazed and remained so | alaotlatıb edilethey had grazed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olotlatıb tül edihe hadn't grazed | alaotlatıb tül edilethey hadn't grazed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menotlatıb tura edimotlatıb turaemI had kept grazing | senotlatıb tura ediŋotlatıb turaeŋyou had kept grazing | olotlatıb tura ediotlatıb turaedhe had kept grazing | bizotlatıb tura edikotlatıb turaekwe had kept grazing | sizotlatıb tura edigizotlatıb turaegizyou all had kept grazing | alaotlatıb tura edileotlatıb turaellethey had kept grazing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menotlatıb turmay edimotlatıb turmayemI hadn't kept grazing | senotlatıb turmay ediŋotlatıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept grazing | olotlatıb turmay ediotlatıb turmayedhe hadn't kept grazing | bizotlatıb turmay edikotlatıb turmayekwe hadn't kept grazing | sizotlatıb turmay edigizotlatıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept grazing | alaotlatıb turmay edileotlatıb turmayellethey hadn't kept grazing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menotlata tura edimotlata turaemI was in the middle of grazing | senotlata tura ediŋotlata turaeŋyou were in the middle of grazing | olotlata tura ediotlata turaedhe was in the middle of grazing | bizotlata tura edikotlata turaekwe were in the middle of grazing | sizotlata tura edigizotlata turaegizyou all were in the middle of grazing | alaotlata tura edileotlata turaellethey were in the middle of grazing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menotlata turmay edimotlata turmayemI wasn't in the middle of grazing | senotlata turmay ediŋotlata turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of grazing | olotlata turmay ediotlata turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of grazing | bizotlata turmay edikotlata turmayekwe weren't in the middle of grazing | sizotlata turmay edigizotlata turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of grazing | alaotlata turmay edileotlata turmayellethey weren't in the middle of grazing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menotlatır edimotlatır emI would graze | senotlatır ediŋotlatır eŋyou would graze | olotlatır ediotlatır edhe would graze | bizotlatır edikotlatır ekwe would graze | sizotlatır edigizotlatır egizyou all would graze | alaotlatır edileotlatır ellethey would graze |
| Conditional result (would) | menotlatmaz edimotlatmaz emI wouldn't graze | senotlatmaz ediŋotlatmaz eŋyou wouldn't graze | olotlatmaz ediotlatmaz edhe wouldn't graze | bizotlatmaz edikotlatmaz ekwe wouldn't graze | sizotlatmaz edigizotlatmaz egizyou all wouldn't graze | alaotlatmaz edileotlatmaz ellethey wouldn't graze |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menotlatırıq edimotlatırıq emI would have grazed | senotlatırıq ediŋotlatırıq eŋyou would have grazed | olotlatırıq ediotlatırıq edhe would have grazed | bizotlatırıq edikotlatırıq ekwe would have grazed | sizotlatırıq edigizotlatırıq egizyou all would have grazed | alaotlatırıq edileotlatırıq ellethey would have grazed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menotlatırıq tül edimotlatırıq tül emI wouldn't have grazed | senotlatırıq tül ediŋotlatırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have grazed | olotlatırıq tül ediotlatırıq tül edhe wouldn't have grazed | bizotlatırıq tül edikotlatırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have grazed | sizotlatırıq tül edigizotlatırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have grazed | alaotlatırıq tül edileotlatırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have grazed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menotlatsamif I graze | senotlatsaŋif you graze | olotlatsaif he grazes | bizotlatsaqif we graze | sizotlatsağızif you all graze | alaotlatsalaif they graze |
| Conditional | menotlatmasamif I don't graze | senotlatmasaŋif you don't graze | olotlatmasaif he doesn't graze | bizotlatmasaqif we don't graze | sizotlatmasağızif you all don't graze | alaotlatmasalaif they don't graze |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menotlata esemif I am grazing | senotlata eseŋif you are grazing | olotlata eseif he is grazing | bizotlata esekif we are grazing | sizotlata esegizif you all are grazing | alaotlata eseleif they are grazing |
| Conditional, present real | menotlatmay esemif I am not grazing | senotlatmay eseŋif you are not grazing | olotlatmay eseif he is not grazing | bizotlatmay esekif we are not grazing | sizotlatmay esegizif you all are not grazing | alaotlatmay eseleif they are not grazing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menotlatsam ediotlatsam edif only I grazed | senotlatsaŋ ediotlatsaŋ edif only you grazed | olotlatsa ediotlatsaedif only he grazed | bizotlatsaq ediotlatsaq edif only we grazed | sizotlatsağız ediotlatsağız edif only you all grazed | alaotlatsala ediotlatsalaedif only they grazed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menotlatmasam ediotlatmasam edif only I didn't graze | senotlatmasaŋ ediotlatmasaŋ edif only you didn't graze | olotlatmasa ediotlatmasaedif only he didn't graze | bizotlatmasaq ediotlatmasaq edif only we didn't graze | sizotlatmasağız ediotlatmasağız edif only you all didn't graze | alaotlatmasala ediotlatmasalaedif only they didn't graze |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menotlatıb tursamif I carry on grazing | senotlatıb tursaŋif you carry on grazing | olotlatıb tursaif he carries on grazing | bizotlatıb tursaqif we carry on grazing | sizotlatıb tursağızif you all carry on grazing | alaotlatıb tursalaif they carry on grazing |
| Durative conditional | menotlatıb turmasamif I don't carry on grazing | senotlatıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on grazing | olotlatıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on grazing | bizotlatıb turmasaqif we don't carry on grazing | sizotlatıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on grazing | alaotlatıb turmasalaif they don't carry on grazing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menotlatıb tura esemif I have kept grazing | senotlatıb tura eseŋif you have kept grazing | olotlatıb tura eseif he has kept grazing | bizotlatıb tura esekif we have kept grazing | sizotlatıb tura esegizif you all have kept grazing | alaotlatıb tura eseleif they have kept grazing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menotlatıb turmay esemif I haven't kept grazing | senotlatıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept grazing | olotlatıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept grazing | bizotlatıb turmay esekif we haven't kept grazing | sizotlatıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept grazing | alaotlatıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept grazing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menotlata tursamif I keep grazing | senotlata tursaŋif you keep grazing | olotlata tursaif he keeps grazing | bizotlata tursaqif we keep grazing | sizotlata tursağızif you all keep grazing | alaotlata tursalaif they keep grazing |
| Progressive conditional | menotlatmay tursamif I keep on not grazing | senotlatmay tursaŋif you keep on not grazing | olotlatmay tursaif he keeps on not grazing | bizotlatmay tursaqif we keep on not grazing | sizotlatmay tursağızif you all keep on not grazing | alaotlatmay tursalaif they keep on not grazing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menotlata tura esemif I am in the middle of grazing | senotlata tura eseŋif you are in the middle of grazing | olotlata tura eseif he is in the middle of grazing | bizotlata tura esekif we are in the middle of grazing | sizotlata tura esegizif you all are in the middle of grazing | alaotlata tura eseleif they are in the middle of grazing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menotlatmay tura esemif I keep on not grazing | senotlatmay tura eseŋif you keep on not grazing | olotlatmay tura eseif he keeps on not grazing | bizotlatmay tura esekif we keep on not grazing | sizotlatmay tura esegizif you all keep on not grazing | alaotlatmay tura eseleif they keep on not grazing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menotlatdım esemif I grazed | senotlatdıŋ eseŋif you grazed | olotlatdı eseif he grazed | bizotlatdıq esekif we grazed | sizotlatdığız esegizif you all grazed | alaotlatdıla eseleif they grazed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menotlatmadım esemif I didn't graze | senotlatmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't graze | olotlatmadı eseif he didn't graze | bizotlatmadıq esekif we didn't graze | sizotlatmadığız esegizif you all didn't graze | alaotlatmadıla eseleif they didn't graze |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menotlathan esemif I did graze (indeed) | senotlathan eseŋif you did graze (indeed) | olotlathan eseif he did graze (indeed) | bizotlathan esekif we did graze (indeed) | sizotlathan esegizif you all did graze (indeed) | alaotlathan eseleif they did graze (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menotlatmağan esemif I didn't graze (indeed) | senotlatmağan eseŋif you didn't graze (indeed) | olotlatmağan eseif he didn't graze (indeed) | bizotlatmağan esekif we didn't graze (indeed) | sizotlatmağan esegizif you all didn't graze (indeed) | alaotlatmağan eseleif they didn't graze (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menotlathan bolsamif I had grazed | senotlathan bolsaŋif you had grazed | olotlathan bolsaif he had grazed | bizotlathan bolsaqif we had grazed | sizotlathan bolsağızif you all had grazed | alaotlathan bolsalaif they had grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menotlatmağan bolsamif I hadn't grazed | senotlatmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't grazed | olotlatmağan bolsaif he hadn't grazed | bizotlatmağan bolsaqif we hadn't grazed | sizotlatmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't grazed | alaotlatmağan bolsalaif they hadn't grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menotlathan bolsam ediotlathan bolsam edif only I had grazed | senotlathan bolsaŋ ediotlathan bolsaŋ edif only you had grazed | olotlathan bolsa ediotlathan bolsaedif only he had grazed | bizotlathan bolsaq ediotlathan bolsaq edif only we had grazed | sizotlathan bolsağız ediotlathan bolsağız edif only you all had grazed | alaotlathan bolsala ediotlathan bolsalaedif only they had grazed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menotlatmağan bolsam ediotlatmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't grazed | senotlatmağan bolsaŋ ediotlatmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't grazed | olotlatmağan bolsa ediotlatmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't grazed | bizotlatmağan bolsaq ediotlatmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't grazed | sizotlatmağan bolsağız ediotlatmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't grazed | alaotlatmağan bolsala ediotlatmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't grazed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menotlatır esemif I will graze | senotlatır eseŋif you will graze | olotlatır eseif he will graze | bizotlatır esekif we will graze | sizotlatır esegizif you all will graze | alaotlatır eseleif they will graze |
| Conditional, aorist | menotlatmaz esemif I won't graze | senotlatmaz eseŋif you won't graze | olotlatmaz eseif he won't graze | bizotlatmaz esekif we won't graze | sizotlatmaz esegizif you all won't graze | alaotlatmaz eseleif they won't graze |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menotlatırıq esemif I am going to graze | senotlatırıq eseŋif you are going to graze | olotlatırıq eseif he is going to graze | bizotlatırıq esekif we are going to graze | sizotlatırıq esegizif you all are going to graze | alaotlatırıq eseleif they are going to graze |
| Conditional, future | menotlatırıq tül esemif I am not going to graze | senotlatırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to graze | olotlatırıq tül eseif he is not going to graze | bizotlatırıq tül esekif we are not going to graze | sizotlatırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to graze | alaotlatırıq tül eseleif they are not going to graze |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menotlatırıq bolsamif I were going to graze | senotlatırıq bolsaŋif you were going to graze | olotlatırıq bolsaif he were going to graze | bizotlatırıq bolsaqif we were going to graze | sizotlatırıq bolsağızif you all were going to graze | alaotlatırıq bolsalaif they were going to graze |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menotlatmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to graze | senotlatmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to graze | olotlatmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to graze | bizotlatmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to graze | sizotlatmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to graze | alaotlatmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to graze |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso otlatdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menotlata bolurmaI must be grazing | senotlata bolursayou must be grazing | olotlata bolurhe must be grazing | bizotlata bolurbuzwe must be grazing | sizotlata bolursuzyou all must be grazing | alaotlata bolurlathey must be grazing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menotlatmay bolurmaI must not be grazing | senotlatmay bolursayou must not be grazing | olotlatmay bolurhe must not be grazing | bizotlatmay bolurbuzwe must not be grazing | sizotlatmay bolursuzyou all must not be grazing | alaotlatmay bolurlathey must not be grazing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menotlata tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of grazing | senotlata tura bolursayou must be in the middle of grazing | olotlata tura bolurhe must be in the middle of grazing | bizotlata tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of grazing | sizotlata tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of grazing | alaotlata tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of grazing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menotlatmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not grazing | senotlatmay tura bolursayou must keep on not grazing | olotlatmay tura bolurhe must keep on not grazing | bizotlatmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not grazing | sizotlatmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not grazing | alaotlatmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not grazing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menotlathan bolurmaI must have grazed | senotlathan bolursayou must have grazed | olotlathan bolurhe must have grazed | bizotlathan bolurbuzwe must have grazed | sizotlathan bolursuzyou all must have grazed | alaotlathan bolurlathey must have grazed |
| Inference (must have) | menotlatmağan bolurmaI must not have grazed | senotlatmağan bolursayou must not have grazed | olotlatmağan bolurhe must not have grazed | bizotlatmağan bolurbuzwe must not have grazed | sizotlatmağan bolursuzyou all must not have grazed | alaotlatmağan bolurlathey must not have grazed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menotlatırıq bolurmaI must be going to graze | senotlatırıq bolursayou must be going to graze | olotlatırıq bolurhe must be going to graze | bizotlatırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to graze | sizotlatırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to graze | alaotlatırıq bolurlathey must be going to graze |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menotlatmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to graze | senotlatmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to graze | olotlatmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to graze | bizotlatmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to graze | sizotlatmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to graze | alaotlatmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to graze |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menotlatayımlet me graze | senotlat!graze! | olotlatsınlet him graze | bizotlatayıqlet's graze | sizotlatığız!graze, you all! | alaotlatsınlalet them graze |
| Commands & suggestions | menotlatmayımlet me not graze | senotlatma!don't graze! | olotlatmasınlet him not graze | bizotlatmayıqlet's not graze | sizotlatmağız!don't graze, you all! | alaotlatmasınlalet them not graze |
| Commands & suggestions | menotlatayımmı?shall I graze? | olotlatsınmı?should he graze? | bizotlatayıqmı?shall we graze? | alaotlatsınlamı?should they graze? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menotlatmayımmı?shall I not graze? | olotlatmasınmı?should he not graze? | bizotlatmayıqmı?shall we not graze? | alaotlatmasınlamı?should they not graze? | ||
| Requests | senotlatçı2otlatçınplease graze | olotlatsınçıdo let him graze | sizotlatçığızplease graze (plural/polite) | alaotlatsınlaçıdo let them graze | ||
| Requests | senotlatmaçı2otlatmaçınplease don't graze | olotlatmasınçıdo let him not graze | sizotlatmaçığızplease don't graze (plural/polite) | alaotlatmasınlaçıdo let them not graze | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senotlathınotlathımay you graze | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senotlatmağınotlatmağımay you not graze | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menotlathay edim otlatha edimwould that I grazed | senotlathay ediŋ otlatha ediŋwould that you grazed | olotlathay edi otlatha ediwould that he grazed | bizotlathay edik otlatha edikwould that we grazed | sizotlathay edigiz otlatha edigizwould that you all grazed | alaotlathay edile otlatha edilewould that they grazed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menotlatmağay edim otlatmağa edimwould that I did not graze | senotlatmağay ediŋ otlatmağa ediŋwould that you did not graze | olotlatmağay edi otlatmağa ediwould that he did not graze | bizotlatmağay edik otlatmağa edikwould that we did not graze | sizotlatmağay edigiz otlatmağa edigizwould that you all did not graze | alaotlatmağay edile otlatmağa edilewould that they did not graze |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlatmağa qoyayımotlatma qoyayımlet me allow someone to graze | senotlatmağa qoy!otlatma qoy!let someone graze! | olotlatmağa qoysunotlatma qoysunlet him allow someone to graze | bizotlatmağa qoyayıqotlatma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to graze | sizotlatmağa qoyuğuz!otlatma qoyuğuz!let someone graze, you all! | alaotlatmağa qoysunlaotlatma qoysunlalet them allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlatmağa qoymayımotlatma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to graze | senotlatmağa qoyma!otlatma qoyma!don't let someone graze! | olotlatmağa qoymasınotlatma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to graze | bizotlatmağa qoymayıqotlatma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to graze | sizotlatmağa qoymağız!otlatma qoymağız!don't let someone graze, you all! | alaotlatmağa qoymasınlaotlatma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlatmağa qoyayımmı?otlatma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to graze? | olotlatmağa qoysunmu?otlatma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to graze? | bizotlatmağa qoyayıqmı?otlatma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to graze? | alaotlatmağa qoysunlamı?otlatma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to graze? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlatmağa qoymayımmı?otlatma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to graze? | olotlatmağa qoymasınmı?otlatma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to graze? | bizotlatmağa qoymayıqmı?otlatma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to graze? | alaotlatmağa qoymasınlamı?otlatma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to graze? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menotlatmağa qoyamaotlatma qoyamaI allow someone to graze | senotlatmağa qoyasaotlatma qoyasayou allow someone to graze | olotlatmağa qoyadıotlatma qoyadıhe allows someone to graze | bizotlatmağa qoyabızotlatma qoyabızwe allow someone to graze | sizotlatmağa qoyasızotlatma qoyasızyou all allow someone to graze | alaotlatmağa qoyadılaotlatma qoyadılathey allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (present) | menotlatmağa qoymaymaotlatma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to graze | senotlatmağa qoymaysaotlatma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to graze | olotlatmağa qoymaydıotlatma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to graze | bizotlatmağa qoymaybızotlatma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to graze | sizotlatmağa qoymaysızotlatma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to graze | alaotlatmağa qoymaydılaotlatma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (present) | menotlatmağa qoyamamı?otlatma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to graze? | senotlatmağa qoyamısa?otlatma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to graze? | olotlatmağa qoyamıdı?otlatma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to graze? | bizotlatmağa qoyabızmı?otlatma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to graze? | sizotlatmağa qoyamısız?otlatma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlatmağa qoyamıdıla?otlatma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to graze? |
| Let someone… (present) | menotlatmağa qoymaymamı?otlatma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to graze? | senotlatmağa qoymaymısa?otlatma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to graze? | olotlatmağa qoymaymıdı?otlatma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to graze? | bizotlatmağa qoymaybızmı?otlatma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to graze? | sizotlatmağa qoymaymısız?otlatma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlatmağa qoymaymıdıla?otlatma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to graze? |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlatmağa qoydumotlatma qoydumI allowed someone to graze | senotlatmağa qoyduŋotlatma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to graze | olotlatmağa qoyduotlatma qoyduhe allowed someone to graze | bizotlatmağa qoyduqotlatma qoyduqwe allowed someone to graze | sizotlatmağa qoyduğuzotlatma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to graze | alaotlatmağa qoydulaotlatma qoydulathey allowed someone to graze |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlatmağa qoymadımotlatma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to graze | senotlatmağa qoymadıŋotlatma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to graze | olotlatmağa qoymadıotlatma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to graze | bizotlatmağa qoymadıqotlatma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to graze | sizotlatmağa qoymadığızotlatma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to graze | alaotlatmağa qoymadılaotlatma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlatmağa qoydummu?otlatma qoydummu?did I allow someone to graze? | senotlatmağa qoyduŋmu?otlatma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to graze? | olotlatmağa qoydumu?otlatma qoydumu?did he allow someone to graze? | bizotlatmağa qoyduqmu?otlatma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to graze? | sizotlatmağa qoyduğuzmu?otlatma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlatmağa qoydulamı?otlatma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to graze? |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlatmağa qoymadımmı?otlatma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to graze? | senotlatmağa qoymadıŋmı?otlatma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to graze? | olotlatmağa qoymadımı?otlatma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to graze? | bizotlatmağa qoymadıqmı?otlatma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to graze? | sizotlatmağa qoymadığızmı?otlatma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlatmağa qoymadılamı?otlatma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to graze? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
otlatalırğa be able to graze · otlatalmazğa be unable to graze
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menotlatalamaI can graze | senotlatalasayou can graze | olotlataladıhe can graze | bizotlatalabızwe can graze | sizotlatalasızyou all can graze | alaotlataladılathey can graze |
| Ability — present | menotlatalmaymaI can't graze | senotlatalmaysayou can't graze | olotlatalmaydıhe can't graze | bizotlatalmaybızwe can't graze | sizotlatalmaysızyou all can't graze | alaotlatalmaydılathey can't graze |
| Ability — present | menotlatalamamı? otlatalamıma?can I graze? | senotlatalamısa?can you graze? | olotlatalamıdı?can he graze? | bizotlatalabızmı? otlatalamıbız?can we graze? | sizotlatalamısız?can you all graze? | alaotlatalamıdıla?can they graze? |
| Ability — present | menotlatalmaymamı? otlatalmaymıma?can't I graze? | senotlatalmaymısa?can't you graze? | olotlatalmaymıdı?can't he graze? | bizotlatalmaybızmı? otlatalmaymıbız?can't we graze? | sizotlatalmaymısız?can't you all graze? | alaotlatalmaymıdıla?can't they graze? |
| Ability — if I can… | menotlatalsamif I can graze | senotlatalsaŋif you can graze | olotlatalsaif he can graze | bizotlatalsaqif we can graze | sizotlatalsağızif you all can graze | alaotlatalsalaif they can graze |
| Ability — if I can… | menotlatalmasamif I can't graze | senotlatalmasaŋif you can't graze | olotlatalmasaif he can't graze | bizotlatalmasaqif we can't graze | sizotlatalmasağızif you all can't graze | alaotlatalmasalaif they can't graze |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menotlataldımI was able to graze | senotlataldıŋyou were able to graze | olotlataldıhe was able to graze | bizotlataldıqwe were able to graze | sizotlataldığızyou all were able to graze | alaotlataldılathey were able to graze |
| Ability — simple past | menotlatalmadımI could not graze | senotlatalmadıŋyou could not graze | olotlatalmadıhe could not graze | bizotlatalmadıqwe could not graze | sizotlatalmadığızyou all could not graze | alaotlatalmadılathey could not graze |
| Ability — simple past | menotlataldımmı?was I able to graze? | senotlataldıŋmı?were you able to graze? | olotlataldımı?was he able to graze? | bizotlataldıqmı?were we able to graze? | sizotlataldığızmı?were you all able to graze? | alaotlataldılamı?were they able to graze? |
| Ability — simple past | menotlatalmadımmı?couldn't I graze? | senotlatalmadıŋmı?couldn't you graze? | olotlatalmadımı?couldn't he graze? | bizotlatalmadıqmı?couldn't we graze? | sizotlatalmadığızmı?couldn't you all graze? | alaotlatalmadılamı?couldn't they graze? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlatalğanmaI have been able to graze | senotlatalğansayou have been able to graze | olotlatalğandıhe has been able to graze | bizotlatalğanbızwe have been able to graze | sizotlatalğansızyou all have been able to graze | alaotlatalğandılathey have been able to graze |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlatalmağanmaI haven't been able to graze | senotlatalmağansayou haven't been able to graze | olotlatalmağandıhe hasn't been able to graze | bizotlatalmağanbızwe haven't been able to graze | sizotlatalmağansızyou all haven't been able to graze | alaotlatalmağandılathey haven't been able to graze |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlatalğanmamı? otlatalğanmıma?have I been able to graze? | senotlatalğanmısa?have you been able to graze? | olotlatalğanmıdı?has he been able to graze? | bizotlatalğanbızmı? otlatalğanmıbız?have we been able to graze? | sizotlatalğanmısız?have you all been able to graze? | alaotlatalğanmıdıla?have they been able to graze? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlatalmağanmamı? otlatalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to graze? | senotlatalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to graze? | olotlatalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to graze? | bizotlatalmağanbızmı? otlatalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to graze? | sizotlatalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to graze? | alaotlatalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to graze? |
| Ability — past perfect | menotlatalğan edimotlatalğanemI had been able to graze | senotlatalğan ediŋotlatalğaneŋyou had been able to graze | olotlatalğan ediotlatalğanedhe had been able to graze | bizotlatalğan edikotlatalğanekwe had been able to graze | sizotlatalğan edigizotlatalğanegizyou all had been able to graze | alaotlatalğan edileotlatalğanellethey had been able to graze |
| Ability — past perfect | menotlatalmağan edimotlatalmağanemI hadn't been able to graze | senotlatalmağan ediŋotlatalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to graze | olotlatalmağan ediotlatalmağanedhe hadn't been able to graze | bizotlatalmağan edikotlatalmağanekwe hadn't been able to graze | sizotlatalmağan edigizotlatalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to graze | alaotlatalmağan edileotlatalmağanellethey hadn't been able to graze |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menotlatala edimotlatalaemI could graze | senotlatala ediŋotlatalaeŋyou could graze | olotlatala ediotlatalaedhe could graze | bizotlatala edikotlatalaekwe could graze | sizotlatala edigizotlatalaegizyou all could graze | alaotlatala edileotlatalaellethey could graze |
| Ability — past background | menotlatalmay edimotlatalmayemI could not graze | senotlatalmay ediŋotlatalmayeŋyou could not graze | olotlatalmay ediotlatalmayedhe could not graze | bizotlatalmay edikotlatalmayekwe could not graze | sizotlatalmay edigizotlatalmayegizyou all could not graze | alaotlatalmay edileotlatalmayellethey could not graze |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menotlatalırmaI will be able to graze | senotlatalırsayou will be able to graze | olotlatalırhe will be able to graze | bizotlatalırbızwe will be able to graze | sizotlatalırsızyou all will be able to graze | alaotlatalırlathey will be able to graze |
| Ability — future I | menotlatalmazmaI won't be able to graze | senotlatalmazsayou won't be able to graze | olotlatalmazhe won't be able to graze | bizotlatalmazbızwe won't be able to graze | sizotlatalmazsızyou all won't be able to graze | alaotlatalmazlathey won't be able to graze |
| Ability — future I | menotlatalırmamı? otlatalırmıma?will I be able to graze? | senotlatalırmısa?will you be able to graze? | olotlatalırmı?will he be able to graze? | bizotlatalırbızmı? otlatalırmıbız?will we be able to graze? | sizotlatalırmısız?will you all be able to graze? | alaotlatalırlamı? otlatalırmıla?will they be able to graze? |
| Ability — future I | menotlatalmazmamı? otlatalmazmıma?won't I be able to graze? | senotlatalmazmısa?won't you be able to graze? | olotlatalmazmı?won't he be able to graze? | bizotlatalmazbızmı? otlatalmazmıbız?won't we be able to graze? | sizotlatalmazmısız?won't you all be able to graze? | alaotlatalmazlamı? otlatalmazmıla?won't they be able to graze? |
| Ability — future II | menotlatallıqmaI am going to be able to graze | senotlatallıqsayou are going to be able to graze | olotlatallıqdıhe is going to be able to graze | bizotlatallıqbızwe are going to be able to graze | sizotlatallıqsızyou all are going to be able to graze | alaotlatallıqdılathey are going to be able to graze |
| Ability — future II | menotlatallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to graze | senotlatallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to graze | olotlatallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to graze | bizotlatallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to graze | sizotlatallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to graze | alaotlatallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to graze |
| Ability — future II | menotlatallıqmamı? otlatallıqmıma?am I going to be able to graze? | senotlatallıqmısa?are you going to be able to graze? | olotlatallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to graze? | bizotlatallıqbızmı? otlatallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to graze? | sizotlatallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to graze? | alaotlatallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to graze? |
| Ability — future II | menotlatallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to graze? | senotlatallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to graze? | olotlatallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to graze? | bizotlatallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to graze? | sizotlatallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to graze? | alaotlatallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to graze? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menotlatalır edimotlatalır emI would be able to graze | senotlatalır ediŋotlatalır eŋyou would be able to graze | olotlatalır ediotlatalır edhe would be able to graze | bizotlatalır edikotlatalır ekwe would be able to graze | sizotlatalır edigizotlatalır egizyou all would be able to graze | alaotlatalır edileotlatalır ellethey would be able to graze |
| Ability — would be able to… | menotlatalmaz edimotlatalmaz emI wouldn't be able to graze | senotlatalmaz ediŋotlatalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to graze | olotlatalmaz ediotlatalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to graze | bizotlatalmaz edikotlatalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to graze | sizotlatalmaz edigizotlatalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to graze | alaotlatalmaz edileotlatalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to graze |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senotlatalğınotlatalğımay you be able to graze | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senotlatalmağınotlatalmağımay you not be able to graze | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menotlatırğa izleymeI want to graze | senotlatırğa izleyseyou want to graze | olotlatırğa izleydihe wants to graze | bizotlatırğa izleybizwe want to graze | sizotlatırğa izleysizyou all want to graze | alaotlatırğa izleydilethey want to graze |
| want to | menotlatırğa izlemeymeI do not want to graze | senotlatırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to graze | olotlatırğa izlemeydihe does not want to graze | bizotlatırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to graze | sizotlatırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to graze | alaotlatırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to graze |
| would like to | menotlatırğa süemeI would like to graze | senotlatırğa süeseyou would like to graze | olotlatırğa süedihe would like to graze | bizotlatırğa süebizwe would like to graze | sizotlatırğa süesizyou all would like to graze | alaotlatırğa süedilethey would like to graze |
| would like to | menotlatırğa süymeymeI would not like to graze | senotlatırğa süymeyseyou would not like to graze | olotlatırğa süymeydihe would not like to graze | bizotlatırğa süymeybizwe would not like to graze | sizotlatırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to graze | alaotlatırğa süymeydilethey would not like to graze |
| hope to | menotlatırğa umutlanamaI hope to graze | senotlatırğa umutlanasayou hope to graze | olotlatırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to graze | bizotlatırğa umutlanabızwe hope to graze | sizotlatırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to graze | alaotlatırğa umutlanadılathey hope to graze |
| hope to | menotlatırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to graze | senotlatırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to graze | olotlatırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to graze | bizotlatırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to graze | sizotlatırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to graze | alaotlatırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to graze |
| be about to | menotlatırğa deb turamaI am about to graze | senotlatırğa deb turasayou are about to graze | olotlatırğa deb turadıhe is about to graze | bizotlatırğa deb turabızwe are about to graze | sizotlatırğa deb turasızyou all are about to graze | alaotlatırğa deb turadılathey are about to graze |
| be about to | menotlatırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to graze | senotlatırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to graze | olotlatırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to graze | bizotlatırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to graze | sizotlatırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to graze | alaotlatırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to graze |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menotlatırğa kerekmeI need to graze | senotlatırğa kerekseyou need to graze | olotlatırğa kerekdihe needs to graze | bizotlatırğa kerekbizwe need to graze | sizotlatırğa kereksizyou all need to graze | alaotlatırğa kerekdilethey need to graze |
| need to | menotlatırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to graze | senotlatırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to graze | olotlatırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to graze | bizotlatırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to graze | sizotlatırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to graze | alaotlatırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to graze |
| have to | menmenŋe otlatırğa tüşediI have to graze | sensenŋe otlatırğa tüşediyou have to graze | olaŋa otlatırğa tüşedihe has to graze | bizbizge otlatırğa tüşediwe have to graze | sizsizge otlatırğa tüşediyou all have to graze | alaalağa otlatırğa tüşedithey have to graze |
| have to | menmenŋe otlatırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to graze | sensenŋe otlatırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to graze | olaŋa otlatırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to graze | bizbizge otlatırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to graze | sizsizge otlatırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to graze | alaalağa otlatırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to graze |
| be obliged to | menotlatırğa borçlumaI am obliged to graze | senotlatırğa borçlusayou are obliged to graze | olotlatırğa borçluduhe is obliged to graze | bizotlatırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to graze | sizotlatırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to graze | alaotlatırğa borçludulathey are obliged to graze |
| be obliged to | menotlatırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to graze | senotlatırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to graze | olotlatırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to graze | bizotlatırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to graze | sizotlatırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to graze | alaotlatırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to graze |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menotlatırğa madarım bardıI have a way to graze | senotlatırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to graze | olotlatırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to graze | bizotlatırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to graze | sizotlatırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to graze | alaotlatırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to graze |
| have a way to | menotlatırğa madarım joqduI have no way to graze | senotlatırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to graze | olotlatırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to graze | bizotlatırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to graze | sizotlatırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to graze | alaotlatırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to graze |
| be free to | menotlatırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to graze | senotlatırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to graze | olotlatırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to graze | bizotlatırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to graze | sizotlatırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to graze | alaotlatırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to graze |
| be free to | menotlatırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to graze | senotlatırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to graze | olotlatırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to graze | bizotlatırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to graze | sizotlatırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to graze | alaotlatırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to graze |
| be possible to | menmenŋe otlatırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to graze | sensenŋe otlatırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to graze | olaŋa otlatırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to graze | bizbizge otlatırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to graze | sizsizge otlatırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to graze | alaalağa otlatırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to graze |
| be possible to | menmenŋe otlatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to graze | sensenŋe otlatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to graze | olaŋa otlatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to graze | bizbizge otlatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to graze | sizsizge otlatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to graze | alaalağa otlatırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to graze |
| be ready to | menotlatırğa hazırmaI am ready to graze | senotlatırğa hazırsayou are ready to graze | olotlatırğa hazırdıhe is ready to graze | bizotlatırğa hazırbızwe are ready to graze | sizotlatırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to graze | alaotlatırğa hazırdılathey are ready to graze |
| be ready to | menotlatırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to graze | senotlatırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to graze | olotlatırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to graze | bizotlatırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to graze | sizotlatırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to graze | alaotlatırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to graze |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menotlatırğa küreşemeI am trying to graze | senotlatırğa küreşeseyou are trying to graze | olotlatırğa küreşedihe is trying to graze | bizotlatırğa küreşebizwe are trying to graze | sizotlatırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to graze | alaotlatırğa küreşedilethey are trying to graze |
| try to | menotlatırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to graze | senotlatırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to graze | olotlatırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to graze | bizotlatırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to graze | sizotlatırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to graze | alaotlatırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to graze |
| agree to | menotlatırğa unaymaI agree to graze | senotlatırğa unaysayou agree to graze | olotlatırğa unaydıhe agrees to graze | bizotlatırğa unaybızwe agree to graze | sizotlatırğa unaysızyou all agree to graze | alaotlatırğa unaydılathey agree to graze |
| agree to | menotlatırğa unamaymaI refuse to graze | senotlatırğa unamaysayou refuse to graze | olotlatırğa unamaydıhe refuses to graze | bizotlatırğa unamaybızwe refuse to graze | sizotlatırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to graze | alaotlatırğa unamaydılathey refuse to graze |
| hurry to | menotlatırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to graze | senotlatırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to graze | olotlatırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to graze | bizotlatırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to graze | sizotlatırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to graze | alaotlatırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to graze |
| hurry to | menotlatırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to graze | senotlatırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to graze | olotlatırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to graze | bizotlatırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to graze | sizotlatırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to graze | alaotlatırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to graze |
| be afraid to | menotlatırğa qorqamaI am afraid to graze | senotlatırğa qorqasayou are afraid to graze | olotlatırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to graze | bizotlatırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to graze | sizotlatırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to graze | alaotlatırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to graze |
| be afraid to | menotlatırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to graze | senotlatırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to graze | olotlatırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to graze | bizotlatırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to graze | sizotlatırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to graze | alaotlatırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to graze |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menotlata bolmazmaI can't be grazing | senotlata bolmazsayou can't be grazing | olotlata bolmazhe can't be grazing | bizotlata bolmazbızwe can't be grazing | sizotlata bolmazsızyou all can't be grazing | alaotlata bolmazlathey can't be grazing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menotlatmay bolmazmaI must be grazing (emphatic) | senotlatmay bolmazsayou must be grazing (emphatic) | olotlatmay bolmazhe must be grazing (emphatic) | bizotlatmay bolmazbızwe must be grazing (emphatic) | sizotlatmay bolmazsızyou all must be grazing (emphatic) | alaotlatmay bolmazlathey must be grazing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menotlata turmasamif I don't keep grazing | senotlata turmasaŋif you don't keep grazing | olotlata turmasaif he doesn't keep grazing | bizotlata turmasaqif we don't keep grazing | sizotlata turmasağızif you all don't keep grazing | alaotlata turmasalaif they don't keep grazing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menotlata tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of grazing | senotlata tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of grazing | olotlata tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of grazing | bizotlata tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of grazing | sizotlata tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of grazing | alaotlata tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of grazing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menotlatmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | senotlatmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | olotlatmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | bizotlatmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | sizotlatmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | alaotlatmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not grazing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menotlatmay turamaI keep on not grazing | senotlatmay turasayou keep on not grazing | olotlatmay turadıhe keeps on not grazing | bizotlatmay turabızwe keep on not grazing | sizotlatmay turasızyou all keep on not grazing | alaotlatmay turadılathey keep on not grazing |
| Progressive — double negation | menotlatmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not grazing | senotlatmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not grazing | olotlatmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not grazing | bizotlatmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not grazing | sizotlatmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not grazing | alaotlatmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not grazing |
| Progressive — double negation | menotlatmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not grazing? | senotlatmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not grazing? | olotlatmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not grazing? | bizotlatmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not grazing? | sizotlatmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not grazing? | alaotlatmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not grazing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menotlathan bolmazmaI can't have grazed | senotlathan bolmazsayou can't have grazed | olotlathan bolmazhe can't have grazed | bizotlathan bolmazbızwe can't have grazed | sizotlathan bolmazsızyou all can't have grazed | alaotlathan bolmazlathey can't have grazed |
| Inference — double negation | menotlatmağan bolmazmaI must have grazed (emphatic) | senotlatmağan bolmazsayou must have grazed (emphatic) | olotlatmağan bolmazhe must have grazed (emphatic) | bizotlatmağan bolmazbızwe must have grazed (emphatic) | sizotlatmağan bolmazsızyou all must have grazed (emphatic) | alaotlatmağan bolmazlathey must have grazed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menotlathan bolmasamif it weren't that I had grazed | senotlathan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had grazed | olotlathan bolmasaif it weren't that he had grazed | bizotlathan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had grazed | sizotlathan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had grazed | alaotlathan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had grazed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menotlatmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't grazed | senotlatmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't grazed | olotlatmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't grazed | bizotlatmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't grazed | sizotlatmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't grazed | alaotlatmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't grazed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menotlatırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to graze | senotlatırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to graze | olotlatırıq bolmazhe can't be going to graze | bizotlatırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to graze | sizotlatırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to graze | alaotlatırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to graze |
| Inference, future — double negation | menotlatmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to graze (emphatic) | senotlatmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to graze (emphatic) | olotlatmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to graze (emphatic) | bizotlatmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to graze (emphatic) | sizotlatmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to graze (emphatic) | alaotlatmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to graze (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menotlatırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to graze | senotlatırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to graze | olotlatırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to graze | bizotlatırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to graze | sizotlatırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to graze | alaotlatırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to graze |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menotlatmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to graze | senotlatmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to graze | olotlatmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to graze | bizotlatmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to graze | sizotlatmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to graze | alaotlatmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to graze |