köllenirge
/køllenirɡe/
1. take heart, be inspired, feel eager
- köllenib işlerge — to work with inspiration
- jaş köllendi — the young man took heart
- sen da köllen — you take heart too
- bu haparnı eşitib köllenŋenbiz — we have taken heart on hearing this news
- andan da bek köllenib işlerikme — I will work with even more inspiration
2. set one's mind on, resolve, become willing — The goal is put in the dative, or given as an infinitive naming the action, as in işlerge köllen and oquwğa köllen.
- işlerge köllen — set your mind on working
- oqurğa köllen — resolve to study
- oquwğa köllen — set your mind on studying
- bir işge köllenirge — to set one's mind on some undertaking
Conjugation
Common forms
- köllenedihe is taking heart
- köllendihe took heart
- köllenŋendihe has taken heart
- köllenirhe will take heart
- köllennikdihe is going to take heart
- köllene edihe was taking heart
- köllenseif he takes heart
- köllen!take heart!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköllenemeI am taking heart | senkölleneseyou are taking heart | olköllenedihe is taking heart | bizköllenebizwe are taking heart | sizköllenesizyou all are taking heart | alaköllenedilethey are taking heart |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköllenmeymeI am not taking heart | senköllenmeyseyou are not taking heart | olköllenmeydihe is not taking heart | bizköllenmeybizwe are not taking heart | sizköllenmeysizyou all are not taking heart | alaköllenmeydilethey are not taking heart |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköllenememi? köllenemime?am I taking heart? | senköllenemise?are you taking heart? | olköllenemidi?is he taking heart? | bizköllenebizmi? köllenemibiz?are we taking heart? | sizköllenemisiz?are you all taking heart? | alaköllenemidile?are they taking heart? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköllenmeymemi? köllenmeymime?aren't I taking heart? | senköllenmeymise?aren't you taking heart? | olköllenmeymidi?isn't he taking heart? | bizköllenmeybizmi? köllenmeymibiz?aren't we taking heart? | sizköllenmeymisiz?aren't you all taking heart? | alaköllenmeymidile?aren't they taking heart? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkölleniwçenmeI usually take heart | senkölleniwçenseyou usually take heart | olkölleniwçendihe usually takes heart | bizkölleniwçenbizwe usually take heart | sizkölleniwçensizyou all usually take heart | alakölleniwçendilethey usually take heart |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköllenmewçenmeI usually don't take heart | senköllenmewçenseyou usually don't take heart | olköllenmewçendihe usually doesn't take heart | bizköllenmewçenbizwe usually don't take heart | sizköllenmewçensizyou all usually don't take heart | alaköllenmewçendilethey usually don't take heart |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkölleniwçenmemi? kölleniwçenmime?do I usually take heart? | senkölleniwçenmise?do you usually take heart? | olkölleniwçenmidi?does he usually take heart? | bizkölleniwçenbizmi? kölleniwçenmibiz?do we usually take heart? | sizkölleniwçenmisiz?do you all usually take heart? | alakölleniwçenmidile?do they usually take heart? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköllenmewçenmemi? köllenmewçenmime?do I usually not take heart? | senköllenmewçenmise?do you usually not take heart? | olköllenmewçenmidi?does he usually not take heart? | bizköllenmewçenbizmi? köllenmewçenmibiz?do we usually not take heart? | sizköllenmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not take heart? | alaköllenmewçenmidile?do they usually not take heart? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olköllenibdihe has taken heart and remains so | alaköllenibdilethey have taken heart and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olköllenibmidi?has he taken heart? | alaköllenibmidile?have they taken heart? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköllenib turamaI keep taking heart | senköllenib turasayou keep taking heart | olköllenib turadıhe keeps taking heart | bizköllenib turabızwe keep taking heart | sizköllenib turasızyou all keep taking heart | alaköllenib turadılathey keep taking heart |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköllenib turmaymaI don't keep taking heart | senköllenib turmaysayou don't keep taking heart | olköllenib turmaydıhe doesn't keep taking heart | bizköllenib turmaybızwe don't keep taking heart | sizköllenib turmaysızyou all don't keep taking heart | alaköllenib turmaydılathey don't keep taking heart |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköllenib turamamı? köllenib turamıma?do I keep taking heart? | senköllenib turamısa?do you keep taking heart? | olköllenib turamıdı?does he keep taking heart? | bizköllenib turabızmı? köllenib turamıbız?do we keep taking heart? | sizköllenib turamısız?do you all keep taking heart? | alaköllenib turamıdıla?do they keep taking heart? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköllenib turmaymamı? köllenib turmaymıma?don't I keep taking heart? | senköllenib turmaymısa?don't you keep taking heart? | olköllenib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep taking heart? | bizköllenib turmaybızmı? köllenib turmaymıbız?don't we keep taking heart? | sizköllenib turmaymısız?don't you all keep taking heart? | alaköllenib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep taking heart? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköllene turamaI am in the middle of taking heart | senköllene turasayou are in the middle of taking heart | olköllene turadıhe is in the middle of taking heart | bizköllene turabızwe are in the middle of taking heart | sizköllene turasızyou all are in the middle of taking heart | alaköllene turadılathey are in the middle of taking heart |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköllene turmaymaI am not in the middle of taking heart | senköllene turmaysayou are not in the middle of taking heart | olköllene turmaydıhe is not in the middle of taking heart | bizköllene turmaybızwe are not in the middle of taking heart | sizköllene turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of taking heart | alaköllene turmaydılathey are not in the middle of taking heart |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköllene turamamı? köllene turamıma?am I in the middle of taking heart? | senköllene turamısa?are you in the middle of taking heart? | olköllene turamıdı?is he in the middle of taking heart? | bizköllene turabızmı? köllene turamıbız?are we in the middle of taking heart? | sizköllene turamısız?are you all in the middle of taking heart? | alaköllene turamıdıla?are they in the middle of taking heart? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköllene turmaymamı? köllene turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of taking heart? | senköllene turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of taking heart? | olköllene turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of taking heart? | bizköllene turmaybızmı? köllene turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of taking heart? | sizköllene turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of taking heart? | alaköllene turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of taking heart? |
| Simple past (definite) | menköllendimI took heart | senköllendiŋyou took heart | olköllendihe took heart | bizköllendikwe took heart | sizköllendigizyou all took heart | alaköllendilethey took heart |
| Simple past (definite) | menköllenmedimI didn't take heart | senköllenmediŋyou didn't take heart | olköllenmedihe didn't take heart | bizköllenmedikwe didn't take heart | sizköllenmedigizyou all didn't take heart | alaköllenmedilethey didn't take heart |
| Simple past (definite) | menköllendimmi?did I take heart? | senköllendiŋmi?did you take heart? | olköllendimi?did he take heart? | bizköllendikmi?did we take heart? | sizköllendigizmi?did you all take heart? | alaköllendilemi?did they take heart? |
| Simple past (definite) | menköllenmedimmi?didn't I take heart? | senköllenmediŋmi?didn't you take heart? | olköllenmedimi?didn't he take heart? | bizköllenmedikmi?didn't we take heart? | sizköllenmedigizmi?didn't you all take heart? | alaköllenmedilemi?didn't they take heart? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköllenŋenmeI have taken heart | senköllenŋenseyou have taken heart | olköllenŋendihe has taken heart | bizköllenŋenbizwe have taken heart | sizköllenŋensizyou all have taken heart | alaköllenŋendilethey have taken heart |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköllenmegenmeI haven't taken heart | senköllenmegenseyou haven't taken heart | olköllenmegendihe hasn't taken heart | bizköllenmegenbizwe haven't taken heart | sizköllenmegensizyou all haven't taken heart | alaköllenmegendilethey haven't taken heart |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköllenŋenmemi? köllenŋenmime?have I taken heart? | senköllenŋenmise?have you taken heart? | olköllenŋenmidi?has he taken heart? | bizköllenŋenbizmi? köllenŋenmibiz?have we taken heart? | sizköllenŋenmisiz?have you all taken heart? | alaköllenŋenmidile?have they taken heart? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköllenmegenmemi? köllenmegenmime?haven't I taken heart? | senköllenmegenmise?haven't you taken heart? | olköllenmegenmidi?hasn't he taken heart? | bizköllenmegenbizmi? köllenmegenmibiz?haven't we taken heart? | sizköllenmegenmisiz?haven't you all taken heart? | alaköllenmegenmidile?haven't they taken heart? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menköllenib turdumI kept taking heart | senköllenib turduŋyou kept taking heart | olköllenib turduhe kept taking heart | bizköllenib turduqwe kept taking heart | sizköllenib turduğuzyou all kept taking heart | alaköllenib turdulathey kept taking heart |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menköllenib turmadımI didn't keep taking heart | senköllenib turmadıŋyou didn't keep taking heart | olköllenib turmadıhe didn't keep taking heart | bizköllenib turmadıqwe didn't keep taking heart | sizköllenib turmadığızyou all didn't keep taking heart | alaköllenib turmadılathey didn't keep taking heart |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköllenirmeI will take heart | senköllenirseyou will take heart | olköllenirhe will take heart | bizköllenirbizwe will take heart | sizköllenirsizyou all will take heart | alaköllenirlethey will take heart |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköllenmezmeI won't take heart | senköllenmezseyou won't take heart | olköllenmezhe won't take heart | bizköllenmezbizwe won't take heart | sizköllenmezsizyou all won't take heart | alaköllenmezlethey won't take heart |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköllenirmemi? köllenirmime?will I take heart? | senköllenirmise?will you take heart? | olköllenirmi?will he take heart? | bizköllenirbizmi? köllenirmibiz?will we take heart? | sizköllenirmisiz?will you all take heart? | alaköllenirlemi? köllenirmile?will they take heart? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköllenmezmemi? köllenmezmime?won't I take heart? | senköllenmezmise?won't you take heart? | olköllenmezmi?won't he take heart? | bizköllenmezbizmi? köllenmezmibiz?won't we take heart? | sizköllenmezmisiz?won't you all take heart? | alaköllenmezlemi? köllenmezmile?won't they take heart? |
| Definite future (future II) | menköllennikme1köllenirikmeI am going to take heart | senköllennikse1köllenirikseyou are going to take heart | olköllennikdi1köllenirikdihe is going to take heart | bizköllennikbiz1köllenirikbizwe are going to take heart | sizköllenniksiz1kölleniriksizyou all are going to take heart | alaköllennikdile1köllenirikdilethey are going to take heart |
| Definite future (future II) | menköllennik tülme1köllenirik tülmeI am not going to take heart | senköllennik tülse1köllenirik tülseyou are not going to take heart | olköllennik tüldü1köllenirik tüldühe is not going to take heart | bizköllennik tülbüz1köllenirik tülbüzwe are not going to take heart | sizköllennik tülsüz1köllenirik tülsüzyou all are not going to take heart | alaköllennik tüldüle1köllenirik tüldülethey are not going to take heart |
| Definite future (future II) | menköllennikmemi?1 köllennikmime?köllenirikmemi?am I going to take heart? | senköllennikmise?1köllenirikmise?are you going to take heart? | olköllennikmidi?1köllenirikmidi?is he going to take heart? | bizköllennikbizmi?1 köllennikmibiz?köllenirikbizmi?are we going to take heart? | sizköllennikmisiz?1köllenirikmisiz?are you all going to take heart? | alaköllennikmidile?1köllenirikmidile?are they going to take heart? |
| Definite future (future II) | menköllennik tülmüme?1köllenirik tülmüme?aren't I going to take heart? | senköllennik tülmüse?1köllenirik tülmüse?aren't you going to take heart? | olköllennik tülmüdü?1köllenirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to take heart? | bizköllennik tülmübüz?1köllenirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to take heart? | sizköllennik tülmüsüz?1köllenirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to take heart? | alaköllennik tülmüdüle?1köllenirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to take heart? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so köllenirikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menköllenŋen edimköllenŋenemI had taken heart | senköllenŋen ediŋköllenŋeneŋyou had taken heart | olköllenŋen ediköllenŋenedhe had taken heart | bizköllenŋen edikköllenŋenekwe had taken heart | sizköllenŋen edigizköllenŋenegizyou all had taken heart | alaköllenŋen edileköllenŋenellethey had taken heart |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menköllenmegen edimköllenmegenemI hadn't taken heart | senköllenmegen ediŋköllenmegeneŋyou hadn't taken heart | olköllenmegen ediköllenmegenedhe hadn't taken heart | bizköllenmegen edikköllenmegenekwe hadn't taken heart | sizköllenmegen edigizköllenmegenegizyou all hadn't taken heart | alaköllenmegen edileköllenmegenellethey hadn't taken heart |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menköllene edimköllenemI was taking heart | senköllene ediŋkölleneŋyou were taking heart | olköllene ediköllenedhe was taking heart | bizköllene edikköllenekwe were taking heart | sizköllene edigizköllenegizyou all were taking heart | alaköllene edileköllenellethey were taking heart |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menköllenmey edimköllenmeyemI wasn't taking heart | senköllenmey ediŋköllenmeyeŋyou weren't taking heart | olköllenmey ediköllenmeyedhe wasn't taking heart | bizköllenmey edikköllenmeyekwe weren't taking heart | sizköllenmey edigizköllenmeyegizyou all weren't taking heart | alaköllenmey edileköllenmeyellethey weren't taking heart |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkölleniwçen edimkölleniwçenemI used to take heart | senkölleniwçen ediŋkölleniwçeneŋyou used to take heart | olkölleniwçen edikölleniwçenedhe used to take heart | bizkölleniwçen edikkölleniwçenekwe used to take heart | sizkölleniwçen edigizkölleniwçenegizyou all used to take heart | alakölleniwçen edilekölleniwçenellethey used to take heart |
| Habitual past (used to) | menköllenmewçen edimköllenmewçenemI didn't use to take heart | senköllenmewçen ediŋköllenmewçeneŋyou didn't use to take heart | olköllenmewçen ediköllenmewçenedhe didn't use to take heart | bizköllenmewçen edikköllenmewçenekwe didn't use to take heart | sizköllenmewçen edigizköllenmewçenegizyou all didn't use to take heart | alaköllenmewçen edileköllenmewçenellethey didn't use to take heart |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olköllenib edihe had taken heart and remained so | alaköllenib edilethey had taken heart and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olköllenib tül edihe hadn't taken heart | alaköllenib tül edilethey hadn't taken heart | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menköllenib tura edimköllenib turaemI had kept taking heart | senköllenib tura ediŋköllenib turaeŋyou had kept taking heart | olköllenib tura ediköllenib turaedhe had kept taking heart | bizköllenib tura edikköllenib turaekwe had kept taking heart | sizköllenib tura edigizköllenib turaegizyou all had kept taking heart | alaköllenib tura edileköllenib turaellethey had kept taking heart |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menköllenib turmay edimköllenib turmayemI hadn't kept taking heart | senköllenib turmay ediŋköllenib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept taking heart | olköllenib turmay ediköllenib turmayedhe hadn't kept taking heart | bizköllenib turmay edikköllenib turmayekwe hadn't kept taking heart | sizköllenib turmay edigizköllenib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept taking heart | alaköllenib turmay edileköllenib turmayellethey hadn't kept taking heart |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menköllene tura edimköllene turaemI was in the middle of taking heart | senköllene tura ediŋköllene turaeŋyou were in the middle of taking heart | olköllene tura ediköllene turaedhe was in the middle of taking heart | bizköllene tura edikköllene turaekwe were in the middle of taking heart | sizköllene tura edigizköllene turaegizyou all were in the middle of taking heart | alaköllene tura edileköllene turaellethey were in the middle of taking heart |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menköllene turmay edimköllene turmayemI wasn't in the middle of taking heart | senköllene turmay ediŋköllene turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of taking heart | olköllene turmay ediköllene turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of taking heart | bizköllene turmay edikköllene turmayekwe weren't in the middle of taking heart | sizköllene turmay edigizköllene turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of taking heart | alaköllene turmay edileköllene turmayellethey weren't in the middle of taking heart |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menköllenir edimköllenir emI would take heart | senköllenir ediŋköllenir eŋyou would take heart | olköllenir ediköllenir edhe would take heart | bizköllenir edikköllenir ekwe would take heart | sizköllenir edigizköllenir egizyou all would take heart | alaköllenir edileköllenir ellethey would take heart |
| Conditional result (would) | menköllenmez edimköllenmez emI wouldn't take heart | senköllenmez ediŋköllenmez eŋyou wouldn't take heart | olköllenmez ediköllenmez edhe wouldn't take heart | bizköllenmez edikköllenmez ekwe wouldn't take heart | sizköllenmez edigizköllenmez egizyou all wouldn't take heart | alaköllenmez edileköllenmez ellethey wouldn't take heart |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menköllennik edim2köllennik emköllenirik edimI would have taken heart | senköllennik ediŋ2köllennik eŋköllenirik ediŋyou would have taken heart | olköllennik edi2köllennik edköllenirik edihe would have taken heart | bizköllennik edik2köllennik ekköllenirik edikwe would have taken heart | sizköllennik edigiz2köllennik egizköllenirik edigizyou all would have taken heart | alaköllennik edile2köllennik elleköllenirik edilethey would have taken heart |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menköllennik tül edim2köllennik tül emköllenirik tül edimI wouldn't have taken heart | senköllennik tül ediŋ2köllennik tül eŋköllenirik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have taken heart | olköllennik tül edi2köllennik tül edköllenirik tül edihe wouldn't have taken heart | bizköllennik tül edik2köllennik tül ekköllenirik tül edikwe wouldn't have taken heart | sizköllennik tül edigiz2köllennik tül egizköllenirik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have taken heart | alaköllennik tül edile2köllennik tül elleköllenirik tül edilethey wouldn't have taken heart |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so köllenirik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menköllensemif I take heart | senköllenseŋif you take heart | olköllenseif he takes heart | bizköllensekif we take heart | sizköllensegizif you all take heart | alaköllenseleif they take heart |
| Conditional | menköllenmesemif I don't take heart | senköllenmeseŋif you don't take heart | olköllenmeseif he doesn't take heart | bizköllenmesekif we don't take heart | sizköllenmesegizif you all don't take heart | alaköllenmeseleif they don't take heart |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menköllene esemif I am taking heart | senköllene eseŋif you are taking heart | olköllene eseif he is taking heart | bizköllene esekif we are taking heart | sizköllene esegizif you all are taking heart | alaköllene eseleif they are taking heart |
| Conditional, present real | menköllenmey esemif I am not taking heart | senköllenmey eseŋif you are not taking heart | olköllenmey eseif he is not taking heart | bizköllenmey esekif we are not taking heart | sizköllenmey esegizif you all are not taking heart | alaköllenmey eseleif they are not taking heart |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menköllensem ediköllensem edif only I took heart | senköllenseŋ ediköllenseŋ edif only you took heart | olköllense ediköllensedif only he took heart | bizköllensek ediköllensek edif only we took heart | sizköllensegiz ediköllensegiz edif only you all took heart | alaköllensele ediköllenseledif only they took heart |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menköllenmesem ediköllenmesem edif only I didn't take heart | senköllenmeseŋ ediköllenmeseŋ edif only you didn't take heart | olköllenmese ediköllenmesedif only he didn't take heart | bizköllenmesek ediköllenmesek edif only we didn't take heart | sizköllenmesegiz ediköllenmesegiz edif only you all didn't take heart | alaköllenmesele ediköllenmeseledif only they didn't take heart |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menköllenib tursamif I carry on taking heart | senköllenib tursaŋif you carry on taking heart | olköllenib tursaif he carries on taking heart | bizköllenib tursaqif we carry on taking heart | sizköllenib tursağızif you all carry on taking heart | alaköllenib tursalaif they carry on taking heart |
| Durative conditional | menköllenib turmasamif I don't carry on taking heart | senköllenib turmasaŋif you don't carry on taking heart | olköllenib turmasaif he doesn't carry on taking heart | bizköllenib turmasaqif we don't carry on taking heart | sizköllenib turmasağızif you all don't carry on taking heart | alaköllenib turmasalaif they don't carry on taking heart |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menköllenib tura esemif I have kept taking heart | senköllenib tura eseŋif you have kept taking heart | olköllenib tura eseif he has kept taking heart | bizköllenib tura esekif we have kept taking heart | sizköllenib tura esegizif you all have kept taking heart | alaköllenib tura eseleif they have kept taking heart |
| Durative conditional, present real | menköllenib turmay esemif I haven't kept taking heart | senköllenib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept taking heart | olköllenib turmay eseif he hasn't kept taking heart | bizköllenib turmay esekif we haven't kept taking heart | sizköllenib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept taking heart | alaköllenib turmay eseleif they haven't kept taking heart |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menköllene tursamif I keep taking heart | senköllene tursaŋif you keep taking heart | olköllene tursaif he keeps taking heart | bizköllene tursaqif we keep taking heart | sizköllene tursağızif you all keep taking heart | alaköllene tursalaif they keep taking heart |
| Progressive conditional | menköllenmey tursamif I keep on not taking heart | senköllenmey tursaŋif you keep on not taking heart | olköllenmey tursaif he keeps on not taking heart | bizköllenmey tursaqif we keep on not taking heart | sizköllenmey tursağızif you all keep on not taking heart | alaköllenmey tursalaif they keep on not taking heart |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menköllene tura esemif I am in the middle of taking heart | senköllene tura eseŋif you are in the middle of taking heart | olköllene tura eseif he is in the middle of taking heart | bizköllene tura esekif we are in the middle of taking heart | sizköllene tura esegizif you all are in the middle of taking heart | alaköllene tura eseleif they are in the middle of taking heart |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menköllenmey tura esemif I keep on not taking heart | senköllenmey tura eseŋif you keep on not taking heart | olköllenmey tura eseif he keeps on not taking heart | bizköllenmey tura esekif we keep on not taking heart | sizköllenmey tura esegizif you all keep on not taking heart | alaköllenmey tura eseleif they keep on not taking heart |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menköllendim esemif I took heart | senköllendiŋ eseŋif you took heart | olköllendi eseif he took heart | bizköllendik esekif we took heart | sizköllendigiz esegizif you all took heart | alaköllendile eseleif they took heart |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menköllenmedim esemif I didn't take heart | senköllenmediŋ eseŋif you didn't take heart | olköllenmedi eseif he didn't take heart | bizköllenmedik esekif we didn't take heart | sizköllenmedigiz esegizif you all didn't take heart | alaköllenmedile eseleif they didn't take heart |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menköllenŋen esemif I did take heart (indeed) | senköllenŋen eseŋif you did take heart (indeed) | olköllenŋen eseif he did take heart (indeed) | bizköllenŋen esekif we did take heart (indeed) | sizköllenŋen esegizif you all did take heart (indeed) | alaköllenŋen eseleif they did take heart (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menköllenmegen esemif I didn't take heart (indeed) | senköllenmegen eseŋif you didn't take heart (indeed) | olköllenmegen eseif he didn't take heart (indeed) | bizköllenmegen esekif we didn't take heart (indeed) | sizköllenmegen esegizif you all didn't take heart (indeed) | alaköllenmegen eseleif they didn't take heart (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menköllenŋen bolsamif I had taken heart | senköllenŋen bolsaŋif you had taken heart | olköllenŋen bolsaif he had taken heart | bizköllenŋen bolsaqif we had taken heart | sizköllenŋen bolsağızif you all had taken heart | alaköllenŋen bolsalaif they had taken heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menköllenmegen bolsamif I hadn't taken heart | senköllenmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't taken heart | olköllenmegen bolsaif he hadn't taken heart | bizköllenmegen bolsaqif we hadn't taken heart | sizköllenmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't taken heart | alaköllenmegen bolsalaif they hadn't taken heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menköllenŋen bolsam ediköllenŋen bolsam edif only I had taken heart | senköllenŋen bolsaŋ ediköllenŋen bolsaŋ edif only you had taken heart | olköllenŋen bolsa ediköllenŋen bolsaedif only he had taken heart | bizköllenŋen bolsaq ediköllenŋen bolsaq edif only we had taken heart | sizköllenŋen bolsağız ediköllenŋen bolsağız edif only you all had taken heart | alaköllenŋen bolsala ediköllenŋen bolsalaedif only they had taken heart |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menköllenmegen bolsam ediköllenmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't taken heart | senköllenmegen bolsaŋ ediköllenmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't taken heart | olköllenmegen bolsa ediköllenmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't taken heart | bizköllenmegen bolsaq ediköllenmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't taken heart | sizköllenmegen bolsağız ediköllenmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't taken heart | alaköllenmegen bolsala ediköllenmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't taken heart |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menköllenir esemif I will take heart | senköllenir eseŋif you will take heart | olköllenir eseif he will take heart | bizköllenir esekif we will take heart | sizköllenir esegizif you all will take heart | alaköllenir eseleif they will take heart |
| Conditional, aorist | menköllenmez esemif I won't take heart | senköllenmez eseŋif you won't take heart | olköllenmez eseif he won't take heart | bizköllenmez esekif we won't take heart | sizköllenmez esegizif you all won't take heart | alaköllenmez eseleif they won't take heart |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menköllennik esem4köllenirik esemif I am going to take heart | senköllennik eseŋ4köllenirik eseŋif you are going to take heart | olköllennik ese4köllenirik eseif he is going to take heart | bizköllennik esek4köllenirik esekif we are going to take heart | sizköllennik esegiz4köllenirik esegizif you all are going to take heart | alaköllennik esele4köllenirik eseleif they are going to take heart |
| Conditional, future | menköllennik tül esem4köllenirik tül esemif I am not going to take heart | senköllennik tül eseŋ4köllenirik tül eseŋif you are not going to take heart | olköllennik tül ese4köllenirik tül eseif he is not going to take heart | bizköllennik tül esek4köllenirik tül esekif we are not going to take heart | sizköllennik tül esegiz4köllenirik tül esegizif you all are not going to take heart | alaköllennik tül esele4köllenirik tül eseleif they are not going to take heart |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menköllennik bolsam5köllenirik bolsamif I were going to take heart | senköllennik bolsaŋ5köllenirik bolsaŋif you were going to take heart | olköllennik bolsa5köllenirik bolsaif he were going to take heart | bizköllennik bolsaq5köllenirik bolsaqif we were going to take heart | sizköllennik bolsağız5köllenirik bolsağızif you all were going to take heart | alaköllennik bolsala5köllenirik bolsalaif they were going to take heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menköllenmezlik bolsamif I were not going to take heart | senköllenmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to take heart | olköllenmezlik bolsaif he were not going to take heart | bizköllenmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to take heart | sizköllenmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to take heart | alaköllenmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to take heart |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso köllendiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so köllenirik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so köllenirik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menköllene bolurmaI must be taking heart | senköllene bolursayou must be taking heart | olköllene bolurhe must be taking heart | bizköllene bolurbuzwe must be taking heart | sizköllene bolursuzyou all must be taking heart | alaköllene bolurlathey must be taking heart |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menköllenmey bolurmaI must not be taking heart | senköllenmey bolursayou must not be taking heart | olköllenmey bolurhe must not be taking heart | bizköllenmey bolurbuzwe must not be taking heart | sizköllenmey bolursuzyou all must not be taking heart | alaköllenmey bolurlathey must not be taking heart |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menköllene tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of taking heart | senköllene tura bolursayou must be in the middle of taking heart | olköllene tura bolurhe must be in the middle of taking heart | bizköllene tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of taking heart | sizköllene tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of taking heart | alaköllene tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of taking heart |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menköllenmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not taking heart | senköllenmey tura bolursayou must keep on not taking heart | olköllenmey tura bolurhe must keep on not taking heart | bizköllenmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not taking heart | sizköllenmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not taking heart | alaköllenmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not taking heart |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menköllenŋen bolurmaI must have taken heart | senköllenŋen bolursayou must have taken heart | olköllenŋen bolurhe must have taken heart | bizköllenŋen bolurbuzwe must have taken heart | sizköllenŋen bolursuzyou all must have taken heart | alaköllenŋen bolurlathey must have taken heart |
| Inference (must have) | menköllenmegen bolurmaI must not have taken heart | senköllenmegen bolursayou must not have taken heart | olköllenmegen bolurhe must not have taken heart | bizköllenmegen bolurbuzwe must not have taken heart | sizköllenmegen bolursuzyou all must not have taken heart | alaköllenmegen bolurlathey must not have taken heart |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menköllennik bolurma6köllenirik bolurmaI must be going to take heart | senköllennik bolursa6köllenirik bolursayou must be going to take heart | olköllennik bolur6köllenirik bolurhe must be going to take heart | bizköllennik bolurbuz6köllenirik bolurbuzwe must be going to take heart | sizköllennik bolursuz6köllenirik bolursuzyou all must be going to take heart | alaköllennik bolurla6köllenirik bolurlathey must be going to take heart |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menköllenmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to take heart | senköllenmezlik bolursayou must not be going to take heart | olköllenmezlik bolurhe must not be going to take heart | bizköllenmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to take heart | sizköllenmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to take heart | alaköllenmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to take heart |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so köllenirik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkölleneyimlet me take heart | senköllen!take heart! | olköllensinlet him take heart | bizkölleneyiklet's take heart | sizköllenigiz!take heart, you all! | alaköllensinlelet them take heart |
| Commands & suggestions | menköllenmeyimlet me not take heart | senköllenme!don't take heart! | olköllenmesinlet him not take heart | bizköllenmeyiklet's not take heart | sizköllenmegiz!don't take heart, you all! | alaköllenmesinlelet them not take heart |
| Commands & suggestions | menkölleneyimmi?shall I take heart? | olköllensinmi?should he take heart? | bizkölleneyikmi?shall we take heart? | alaköllensinlemi?should they take heart? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menköllenmeyimmi?shall I not take heart? | olköllenmesinmi?should he not take heart? | bizköllenmeyikmi?shall we not take heart? | alaköllenmesinlemi?should they not take heart? | ||
| Requests | senköllençi7köllençinplease take heart | olköllensinçido let him take heart | sizköllençigizplease take heart (plural/polite) | alaköllensinleçido let them take heart | ||
| Requests | senköllenmeçi7köllenmeçinplease don't take heart | olköllenmesinçido let him not take heart | sizköllenmeçigizplease don't take heart (plural/polite) | alaköllenmesinleçido let them not take heart | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senköllenŋinköllenŋimay you take heart | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senköllenmeginköllenmegimay you not take heart | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menköllenŋey edim köllenŋe edimwould that I took heart | senköllenŋey ediŋ köllenŋe ediŋwould that you took heart | olköllenŋey edi köllenŋe ediwould that he took heart | bizköllenŋey edik köllenŋe edikwould that we took heart | sizköllenŋey edigiz köllenŋe edigizwould that you all took heart | alaköllenŋey edile köllenŋe edilewould that they took heart |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menköllenmegey edim köllenmege edimwould that I did not take heart | senköllenmegey ediŋ köllenmege ediŋwould that you did not take heart | olköllenmegey edi köllenmege ediwould that he did not take heart | bizköllenmegey edik köllenmege edikwould that we did not take heart | sizköllenmegey edigiz köllenmege edigizwould that you all did not take heart | alaköllenmegey edile köllenmege edilewould that they did not take heart |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menköllenmege qoyayımköllenme qoyayımlet me allow someone to take heart | senköllenmege qoy!köllenme qoy!let someone take heart! | olköllenmege qoysunköllenme qoysunlet him allow someone to take heart | bizköllenmege qoyayıqköllenme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to take heart | sizköllenmege qoyuğuz!köllenme qoyuğuz!let someone take heart, you all! | alaköllenmege qoysunlaköllenme qoysunlalet them allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (commands) | menköllenmege qoymayımköllenme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to take heart | senköllenmege qoyma!köllenme qoyma!don't let someone take heart! | olköllenmege qoymasınköllenme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to take heart | bizköllenmege qoymayıqköllenme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to take heart | sizköllenmege qoymağız!köllenme qoymağız!don't let someone take heart, you all! | alaköllenmege qoymasınlaköllenme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (commands) | menköllenmege qoyayımmı?köllenme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to take heart? | olköllenmege qoysunmu?köllenme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to take heart? | bizköllenmege qoyayıqmı?köllenme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to take heart? | alaköllenmege qoysunlamı?köllenme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to take heart? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menköllenmege qoymayımmı?köllenme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to take heart? | olköllenmege qoymasınmı?köllenme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to take heart? | bizköllenmege qoymayıqmı?köllenme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to take heart? | alaköllenmege qoymasınlamı?köllenme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to take heart? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menköllenmege qoyamaköllenme qoyamaI allow someone to take heart | senköllenmege qoyasaköllenme qoyasayou allow someone to take heart | olköllenmege qoyadıköllenme qoyadıhe allows someone to take heart | bizköllenmege qoyabızköllenme qoyabızwe allow someone to take heart | sizköllenmege qoyasızköllenme qoyasızyou all allow someone to take heart | alaköllenmege qoyadılaköllenme qoyadılathey allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (present) | menköllenmege qoymaymaköllenme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to take heart | senköllenmege qoymaysaköllenme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to take heart | olköllenmege qoymaydıköllenme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to take heart | bizköllenmege qoymaybızköllenme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to take heart | sizköllenmege qoymaysızköllenme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to take heart | alaköllenmege qoymaydılaköllenme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (present) | menköllenmege qoyamamı?köllenme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to take heart? | senköllenmege qoyamısa?köllenme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to take heart? | olköllenmege qoyamıdı?köllenme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to take heart? | bizköllenmege qoyabızmı?köllenme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to take heart? | sizköllenmege qoyamısız?köllenme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to take heart? | alaköllenmege qoyamıdıla?köllenme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to take heart? |
| Let someone… (present) | menköllenmege qoymaymamı?köllenme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to take heart? | senköllenmege qoymaymısa?köllenme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to take heart? | olköllenmege qoymaymıdı?köllenme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to take heart? | bizköllenmege qoymaybızmı?köllenme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to take heart? | sizköllenmege qoymaymısız?köllenme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to take heart? | alaköllenmege qoymaymıdıla?köllenme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to take heart? |
| Let someone… (past) | menköllenmege qoydumköllenme qoydumI allowed someone to take heart | senköllenmege qoyduŋköllenme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to take heart | olköllenmege qoyduköllenme qoyduhe allowed someone to take heart | bizköllenmege qoyduqköllenme qoyduqwe allowed someone to take heart | sizköllenmege qoyduğuzköllenme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to take heart | alaköllenmege qoydulaköllenme qoydulathey allowed someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (past) | menköllenmege qoymadımköllenme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to take heart | senköllenmege qoymadıŋköllenme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to take heart | olköllenmege qoymadıköllenme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to take heart | bizköllenmege qoymadıqköllenme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to take heart | sizköllenmege qoymadığızköllenme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to take heart | alaköllenmege qoymadılaköllenme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to take heart |
| Let someone… (past) | menköllenmege qoydummu?köllenme qoydummu?did I allow someone to take heart? | senköllenmege qoyduŋmu?köllenme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to take heart? | olköllenmege qoydumu?köllenme qoydumu?did he allow someone to take heart? | bizköllenmege qoyduqmu?köllenme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to take heart? | sizköllenmege qoyduğuzmu?köllenme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to take heart? | alaköllenmege qoydulamı?köllenme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to take heart? |
| Let someone… (past) | menköllenmege qoymadımmı?köllenme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to take heart? | senköllenmege qoymadıŋmı?köllenme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to take heart? | olköllenmege qoymadımı?köllenme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to take heart? | bizköllenmege qoymadıqmı?köllenme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to take heart? | sizköllenmege qoymadığızmı?köllenme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to take heart? | alaköllenmege qoymadılamı?köllenme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to take heart? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
köllenalırğa be able to take heart · köllenalmazğa be unable to take heart
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menköllenalamaI can take heart | senköllenalasayou can take heart | olköllenaladıhe can take heart | bizköllenalabızwe can take heart | sizköllenalasızyou all can take heart | alaköllenaladılathey can take heart |
| Ability — present | menköllenalmaymaI can't take heart | senköllenalmaysayou can't take heart | olköllenalmaydıhe can't take heart | bizköllenalmaybızwe can't take heart | sizköllenalmaysızyou all can't take heart | alaköllenalmaydılathey can't take heart |
| Ability — present | menköllenalamamı? köllenalamıma?can I take heart? | senköllenalamısa?can you take heart? | olköllenalamıdı?can he take heart? | bizköllenalabızmı? köllenalamıbız?can we take heart? | sizköllenalamısız?can you all take heart? | alaköllenalamıdıla?can they take heart? |
| Ability — present | menköllenalmaymamı? köllenalmaymıma?can't I take heart? | senköllenalmaymısa?can't you take heart? | olköllenalmaymıdı?can't he take heart? | bizköllenalmaybızmı? köllenalmaymıbız?can't we take heart? | sizköllenalmaymısız?can't you all take heart? | alaköllenalmaymıdıla?can't they take heart? |
| Ability — if I can… | menköllenalsamif I can take heart | senköllenalsaŋif you can take heart | olköllenalsaif he can take heart | bizköllenalsaqif we can take heart | sizköllenalsağızif you all can take heart | alaköllenalsalaif they can take heart |
| Ability — if I can… | menköllenalmasamif I can't take heart | senköllenalmasaŋif you can't take heart | olköllenalmasaif he can't take heart | bizköllenalmasaqif we can't take heart | sizköllenalmasağızif you all can't take heart | alaköllenalmasalaif they can't take heart |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menköllenaldımI was able to take heart | senköllenaldıŋyou were able to take heart | olköllenaldıhe was able to take heart | bizköllenaldıqwe were able to take heart | sizköllenaldığızyou all were able to take heart | alaköllenaldılathey were able to take heart |
| Ability — simple past | menköllenalmadımI could not take heart | senköllenalmadıŋyou could not take heart | olköllenalmadıhe could not take heart | bizköllenalmadıqwe could not take heart | sizköllenalmadığızyou all could not take heart | alaköllenalmadılathey could not take heart |
| Ability — simple past | menköllenaldımmı?was I able to take heart? | senköllenaldıŋmı?were you able to take heart? | olköllenaldımı?was he able to take heart? | bizköllenaldıqmı?were we able to take heart? | sizköllenaldığızmı?were you all able to take heart? | alaköllenaldılamı?were they able to take heart? |
| Ability — simple past | menköllenalmadımmı?couldn't I take heart? | senköllenalmadıŋmı?couldn't you take heart? | olköllenalmadımı?couldn't he take heart? | bizköllenalmadıqmı?couldn't we take heart? | sizköllenalmadığızmı?couldn't you all take heart? | alaköllenalmadılamı?couldn't they take heart? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköllenalğanmaI have been able to take heart | senköllenalğansayou have been able to take heart | olköllenalğandıhe has been able to take heart | bizköllenalğanbızwe have been able to take heart | sizköllenalğansızyou all have been able to take heart | alaköllenalğandılathey have been able to take heart |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköllenalmağanmaI haven't been able to take heart | senköllenalmağansayou haven't been able to take heart | olköllenalmağandıhe hasn't been able to take heart | bizköllenalmağanbızwe haven't been able to take heart | sizköllenalmağansızyou all haven't been able to take heart | alaköllenalmağandılathey haven't been able to take heart |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköllenalğanmamı? köllenalğanmıma?have I been able to take heart? | senköllenalğanmısa?have you been able to take heart? | olköllenalğanmıdı?has he been able to take heart? | bizköllenalğanbızmı? köllenalğanmıbız?have we been able to take heart? | sizköllenalğanmısız?have you all been able to take heart? | alaköllenalğanmıdıla?have they been able to take heart? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköllenalmağanmamı? köllenalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to take heart? | senköllenalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to take heart? | olköllenalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to take heart? | bizköllenalmağanbızmı? köllenalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to take heart? | sizköllenalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to take heart? | alaköllenalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to take heart? |
| Ability — past perfect | menköllenalğan edimköllenalğanemI had been able to take heart | senköllenalğan ediŋköllenalğaneŋyou had been able to take heart | olköllenalğan ediköllenalğanedhe had been able to take heart | bizköllenalğan edikköllenalğanekwe had been able to take heart | sizköllenalğan edigizköllenalğanegizyou all had been able to take heart | alaköllenalğan edileköllenalğanellethey had been able to take heart |
| Ability — past perfect | menköllenalmağan edimköllenalmağanemI hadn't been able to take heart | senköllenalmağan ediŋköllenalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to take heart | olköllenalmağan ediköllenalmağanedhe hadn't been able to take heart | bizköllenalmağan edikköllenalmağanekwe hadn't been able to take heart | sizköllenalmağan edigizköllenalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to take heart | alaköllenalmağan edileköllenalmağanellethey hadn't been able to take heart |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menköllenala edimköllenalaemI could take heart | senköllenala ediŋköllenalaeŋyou could take heart | olköllenala ediköllenalaedhe could take heart | bizköllenala edikköllenalaekwe could take heart | sizköllenala edigizköllenalaegizyou all could take heart | alaköllenala edileköllenalaellethey could take heart |
| Ability — past background | menköllenalmay edimköllenalmayemI could not take heart | senköllenalmay ediŋköllenalmayeŋyou could not take heart | olköllenalmay ediköllenalmayedhe could not take heart | bizköllenalmay edikköllenalmayekwe could not take heart | sizköllenalmay edigizköllenalmayegizyou all could not take heart | alaköllenalmay edileköllenalmayellethey could not take heart |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menköllenalırmaI will be able to take heart | senköllenalırsayou will be able to take heart | olköllenalırhe will be able to take heart | bizköllenalırbızwe will be able to take heart | sizköllenalırsızyou all will be able to take heart | alaköllenalırlathey will be able to take heart |
| Ability — future I | menköllenalmazmaI won't be able to take heart | senköllenalmazsayou won't be able to take heart | olköllenalmazhe won't be able to take heart | bizköllenalmazbızwe won't be able to take heart | sizköllenalmazsızyou all won't be able to take heart | alaköllenalmazlathey won't be able to take heart |
| Ability — future I | menköllenalırmamı? köllenalırmıma?will I be able to take heart? | senköllenalırmısa?will you be able to take heart? | olköllenalırmı?will he be able to take heart? | bizköllenalırbızmı? köllenalırmıbız?will we be able to take heart? | sizköllenalırmısız?will you all be able to take heart? | alaköllenalırlamı? köllenalırmıla?will they be able to take heart? |
| Ability — future I | menköllenalmazmamı? köllenalmazmıma?won't I be able to take heart? | senköllenalmazmısa?won't you be able to take heart? | olköllenalmazmı?won't he be able to take heart? | bizköllenalmazbızmı? köllenalmazmıbız?won't we be able to take heart? | sizköllenalmazmısız?won't you all be able to take heart? | alaköllenalmazlamı? köllenalmazmıla?won't they be able to take heart? |
| Ability — future II | menköllenallıqmaI am going to be able to take heart | senköllenallıqsayou are going to be able to take heart | olköllenallıqdıhe is going to be able to take heart | bizköllenallıqbızwe are going to be able to take heart | sizköllenallıqsızyou all are going to be able to take heart | alaköllenallıqdılathey are going to be able to take heart |
| Ability — future II | menköllenallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to take heart | senköllenallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to take heart | olköllenallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to take heart | bizköllenallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to take heart | sizköllenallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to take heart | alaköllenallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to take heart |
| Ability — future II | menköllenallıqmamı? köllenallıqmıma?am I going to be able to take heart? | senköllenallıqmısa?are you going to be able to take heart? | olköllenallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to take heart? | bizköllenallıqbızmı? köllenallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to take heart? | sizköllenallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to take heart? | alaköllenallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to take heart? |
| Ability — future II | menköllenallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to take heart? | senköllenallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to take heart? | olköllenallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to take heart? | bizköllenallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to take heart? | sizköllenallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to take heart? | alaköllenallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to take heart? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menköllenalır edimköllenalır emI would be able to take heart | senköllenalır ediŋköllenalır eŋyou would be able to take heart | olköllenalır ediköllenalır edhe would be able to take heart | bizköllenalır edikköllenalır ekwe would be able to take heart | sizköllenalır edigizköllenalır egizyou all would be able to take heart | alaköllenalır edileköllenalır ellethey would be able to take heart |
| Ability — would be able to… | menköllenalmaz edimköllenalmaz emI wouldn't be able to take heart | senköllenalmaz ediŋköllenalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to take heart | olköllenalmaz ediköllenalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to take heart | bizköllenalmaz edikköllenalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to take heart | sizköllenalmaz edigizköllenalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to take heart | alaköllenalmaz edileköllenalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to take heart |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senköllenalğınköllenalğımay you be able to take heart | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senköllenalmağınköllenalmağımay you not be able to take heart | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menköllenirge izleymeI want to take heart | senköllenirge izleyseyou want to take heart | olköllenirge izleydihe wants to take heart | bizköllenirge izleybizwe want to take heart | sizköllenirge izleysizyou all want to take heart | alaköllenirge izleydilethey want to take heart |
| want to | menköllenirge izlemeymeI do not want to take heart | senköllenirge izlemeyseyou do not want to take heart | olköllenirge izlemeydihe does not want to take heart | bizköllenirge izlemeybizwe do not want to take heart | sizköllenirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to take heart | alaköllenirge izlemeydilethey do not want to take heart |
| would like to | menköllenirge süemeI would like to take heart | senköllenirge süeseyou would like to take heart | olköllenirge süedihe would like to take heart | bizköllenirge süebizwe would like to take heart | sizköllenirge süesizyou all would like to take heart | alaköllenirge süedilethey would like to take heart |
| would like to | menköllenirge süymeymeI would not like to take heart | senköllenirge süymeyseyou would not like to take heart | olköllenirge süymeydihe would not like to take heart | bizköllenirge süymeybizwe would not like to take heart | sizköllenirge süymeysizyou all would not like to take heart | alaköllenirge süymeydilethey would not like to take heart |
| hope to | menköllenirge umutlanamaI hope to take heart | senköllenirge umutlanasayou hope to take heart | olköllenirge umutlanadıhe hopes to take heart | bizköllenirge umutlanabızwe hope to take heart | sizköllenirge umutlanasızyou all hope to take heart | alaköllenirge umutlanadılathey hope to take heart |
| hope to | menköllenirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to take heart | senköllenirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to take heart | olköllenirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to take heart | bizköllenirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to take heart | sizköllenirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to take heart | alaköllenirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to take heart |
| be about to | menköllenirge deb turamaI am about to take heart | senköllenirge deb turasayou are about to take heart | olköllenirge deb turadıhe is about to take heart | bizköllenirge deb turabızwe are about to take heart | sizköllenirge deb turasızyou all are about to take heart | alaköllenirge deb turadılathey are about to take heart |
| be about to | menköllenirge deb turmaymaI am not about to take heart | senköllenirge deb turmaysayou are not about to take heart | olköllenirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to take heart | bizköllenirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to take heart | sizköllenirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to take heart | alaköllenirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to take heart |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menköllenirge kerekmeI need to take heart | senköllenirge kerekseyou need to take heart | olköllenirge kerekdihe needs to take heart | bizköllenirge kerekbizwe need to take heart | sizköllenirge kereksizyou all need to take heart | alaköllenirge kerekdilethey need to take heart |
| need to | menköllenirge kerek tülmeI do not need to take heart | senköllenirge kerek tülseyou do not need to take heart | olköllenirge kerek tüldühe does not need to take heart | bizköllenirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to take heart | sizköllenirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to take heart | alaköllenirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to take heart |
| have to | menmenŋe köllenirge tüşediI have to take heart | sensenŋe köllenirge tüşediyou have to take heart | olaŋa köllenirge tüşedihe has to take heart | bizbizge köllenirge tüşediwe have to take heart | sizsizge köllenirge tüşediyou all have to take heart | alaalağa köllenirge tüşedithey have to take heart |
| have to | menmenŋe köllenirge tüşmeydiI do not have to take heart | sensenŋe köllenirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to take heart | olaŋa köllenirge tüşmeydihe does not have to take heart | bizbizge köllenirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to take heart | sizsizge köllenirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to take heart | alaalağa köllenirge tüşmeydithey do not have to take heart |
| be obliged to | menköllenirge borçlumaI am obliged to take heart | senköllenirge borçlusayou are obliged to take heart | olköllenirge borçluduhe is obliged to take heart | bizköllenirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to take heart | sizköllenirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to take heart | alaköllenirge borçludulathey are obliged to take heart |
| be obliged to | menköllenirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to take heart | senköllenirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to take heart | olköllenirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to take heart | bizköllenirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to take heart | sizköllenirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to take heart | alaköllenirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to take heart |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menköllenirge madarım bardıI have a way to take heart | senköllenirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to take heart | olköllenirge madarı bardıhe has a way to take heart | bizköllenirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to take heart | sizköllenirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to take heart | alaköllenirge madarları bardıthey have a way to take heart |
| have a way to | menköllenirge madarım joqduI have no way to take heart | senköllenirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to take heart | olköllenirge madarı joqduhe has no way to take heart | bizköllenirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to take heart | sizköllenirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to take heart | alaköllenirge madarları joqduthey have no way to take heart |
| be free to | menköllenirge erkinligim bardıI am free to take heart | senköllenirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to take heart | olköllenirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to take heart | bizköllenirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to take heart | sizköllenirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to take heart | alaköllenirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to take heart |
| be free to | menköllenirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to take heart | senköllenirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to take heart | olköllenirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to take heart | bizköllenirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to take heart | sizköllenirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to take heart | alaköllenirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to take heart |
| be possible to | menmenŋe köllenirge bolluqduit is possible for me to take heart | sensenŋe köllenirge bolluqduit is possible for you to take heart | olaŋa köllenirge bolluqduit is possible for him to take heart | bizbizge köllenirge bolluqduit is possible for us to take heart | sizsizge köllenirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to take heart | alaalağa köllenirge bolluqduit is possible for them to take heart |
| be possible to | menmenŋe köllenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to take heart | sensenŋe köllenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to take heart | olaŋa köllenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to take heart | bizbizge köllenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to take heart | sizsizge köllenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to take heart | alaalağa köllenirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to take heart |
| be ready to | menköllenirge hazırmaI am ready to take heart | senköllenirge hazırsayou are ready to take heart | olköllenirge hazırdıhe is ready to take heart | bizköllenirge hazırbızwe are ready to take heart | sizköllenirge hazırsızyou all are ready to take heart | alaköllenirge hazırdılathey are ready to take heart |
| be ready to | menköllenirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to take heart | senköllenirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to take heart | olköllenirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to take heart | bizköllenirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to take heart | sizköllenirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to take heart | alaköllenirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to take heart |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menköllenirge küreşemeI am trying to take heart | senköllenirge küreşeseyou are trying to take heart | olköllenirge küreşedihe is trying to take heart | bizköllenirge küreşebizwe are trying to take heart | sizköllenirge küreşesizyou all are trying to take heart | alaköllenirge küreşedilethey are trying to take heart |
| try to | menköllenirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to take heart | senköllenirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to take heart | olköllenirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to take heart | bizköllenirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to take heart | sizköllenirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to take heart | alaköllenirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to take heart |
| agree to | menköllenirge unaymaI agree to take heart | senköllenirge unaysayou agree to take heart | olköllenirge unaydıhe agrees to take heart | bizköllenirge unaybızwe agree to take heart | sizköllenirge unaysızyou all agree to take heart | alaköllenirge unaydılathey agree to take heart |
| agree to | menköllenirge unamaymaI refuse to take heart | senköllenirge unamaysayou refuse to take heart | olköllenirge unamaydıhe refuses to take heart | bizköllenirge unamaybızwe refuse to take heart | sizköllenirge unamaysızyou all refuse to take heart | alaköllenirge unamaydılathey refuse to take heart |
| hurry to | menköllenirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to take heart | senköllenirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to take heart | olköllenirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to take heart | bizköllenirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to take heart | sizköllenirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to take heart | alaköllenirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to take heart |
| hurry to | menköllenirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to take heart | senköllenirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to take heart | olköllenirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to take heart | bizköllenirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to take heart | sizköllenirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to take heart | alaköllenirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to take heart |
| be afraid to | menköllenirge qorqamaI am afraid to take heart | senköllenirge qorqasayou are afraid to take heart | olköllenirge qorqadıhe is afraid to take heart | bizköllenirge qorqabızwe are afraid to take heart | sizköllenirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to take heart | alaköllenirge qorqadılathey are afraid to take heart |
| be afraid to | menköllenirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to take heart | senköllenirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to take heart | olköllenirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to take heart | bizköllenirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to take heart | sizköllenirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to take heart | alaköllenirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to take heart |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menköllene bolmazmaI can't be taking heart | senköllene bolmazsayou can't be taking heart | olköllene bolmazhe can't be taking heart | bizköllene bolmazbızwe can't be taking heart | sizköllene bolmazsızyou all can't be taking heart | alaköllene bolmazlathey can't be taking heart |
| Inference, present — double negation | menköllenmey bolmazmaI must be taking heart (emphatic) | senköllenmey bolmazsayou must be taking heart (emphatic) | olköllenmey bolmazhe must be taking heart (emphatic) | bizköllenmey bolmazbızwe must be taking heart (emphatic) | sizköllenmey bolmazsızyou all must be taking heart (emphatic) | alaköllenmey bolmazlathey must be taking heart (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menköllene turmasamif I don't keep taking heart | senköllene turmasaŋif you don't keep taking heart | olköllene turmasaif he doesn't keep taking heart | bizköllene turmasaqif we don't keep taking heart | sizköllene turmasağızif you all don't keep taking heart | alaköllene turmasalaif they don't keep taking heart |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menköllene tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of taking heart | senköllene tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of taking heart | olköllene tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of taking heart | bizköllene tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of taking heart | sizköllene tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of taking heart | alaköllene tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of taking heart |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menköllenmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | senköllenmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | olköllenmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | bizköllenmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | sizköllenmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) | alaköllenmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not taking heart (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menköllenmey turamaI keep on not taking heart | senköllenmey turasayou keep on not taking heart | olköllenmey turadıhe keeps on not taking heart | bizköllenmey turabızwe keep on not taking heart | sizköllenmey turasızyou all keep on not taking heart | alaköllenmey turadılathey keep on not taking heart |
| Progressive — double negation | menköllenmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not taking heart | senköllenmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not taking heart | olköllenmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not taking heart | bizköllenmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not taking heart | sizköllenmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not taking heart | alaköllenmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not taking heart |
| Progressive — double negation | menköllenmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not taking heart? | senköllenmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not taking heart? | olköllenmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not taking heart? | bizköllenmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not taking heart? | sizköllenmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not taking heart? | alaköllenmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not taking heart? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menköllenŋen bolmazmaI can't have taken heart | senköllenŋen bolmazsayou can't have taken heart | olköllenŋen bolmazhe can't have taken heart | bizköllenŋen bolmazbızwe can't have taken heart | sizköllenŋen bolmazsızyou all can't have taken heart | alaköllenŋen bolmazlathey can't have taken heart |
| Inference — double negation | menköllenmegen bolmazmaI must have taken heart (emphatic) | senköllenmegen bolmazsayou must have taken heart (emphatic) | olköllenmegen bolmazhe must have taken heart (emphatic) | bizköllenmegen bolmazbızwe must have taken heart (emphatic) | sizköllenmegen bolmazsızyou all must have taken heart (emphatic) | alaköllenmegen bolmazlathey must have taken heart (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menköllenŋen bolmasamif it weren't that I had taken heart | senköllenŋen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had taken heart | olköllenŋen bolmasaif it weren't that he had taken heart | bizköllenŋen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had taken heart | sizköllenŋen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had taken heart | alaköllenŋen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had taken heart |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menköllenmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't taken heart | senköllenmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't taken heart | olköllenmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't taken heart | bizköllenmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't taken heart | sizköllenmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't taken heart | alaköllenmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't taken heart |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menköllennik bolmazmaI can't be going to take heart | senköllennik bolmazsayou can't be going to take heart | olköllennik bolmazhe can't be going to take heart | bizköllennik bolmazbızwe can't be going to take heart | sizköllennik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to take heart | alaköllennik bolmazlathey can't be going to take heart |
| Inference, future — double negation | menköllenmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to take heart (emphatic) | senköllenmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to take heart (emphatic) | olköllenmezlik bolmazhe must be going to take heart (emphatic) | bizköllenmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to take heart (emphatic) | sizköllenmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to take heart (emphatic) | alaköllenmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to take heart (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menköllennik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to take heart | senköllennik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to take heart | olköllennik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to take heart | bizköllennik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to take heart | sizköllennik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to take heart | alaköllennik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to take heart |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menköllenmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to take heart | senköllenmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to take heart | olköllenmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to take heart | bizköllenmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to take heart | sizköllenmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to take heart | alaköllenmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to take heart |