köbgen
/købɡen/ · plural köbgenle
Balkar spelling: köpgen
past participle of köberge →
1. swollen, puffy, inflated, bloated — Participle of köberge "swell". Also used of hollow, blown-up things such as a tire or balloon.
- köbgen ayaq — a swollen leg
- köbgen qol — a swollen hand
- köbgen bet — a swollen face
2. swelling, tumor, bloating, edema — Before another noun it means tumor-related or edematous, as in köbgen awruwla "tumor diseases".
- qarın köbgen — a swelling of the belly
- qolumu köbgeni çökgendi — the swelling on my hand has gone down
- köz tübleni köbgeni — the swelling under the eyes
- qorquwsuz köbgen — a benign tumor
- qorquwlu köbgen — a malignant tumor
- köbgenni jarırğa — to operate on a tumor
- köbgen bir kün bir atılır — an abscess will burst some day
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | köbgenthe swelling | köbgenimmy swelling | köbgeniŋyour swelling | köbgenihis swelling | köbgenibizour swelling | köbgenigizyou all's swelling | köbgenleritheir swellings |
| Genitive | köbgennithe swelling's | köbgenimimy swelling's | köbgeniŋiyour swelling's | köbgeninihis swelling's | köbgenibizniour swelling's | köbgenigizniyou all's swelling's | köbgenlerinitheir swellings' |
| Accusative | köbgennithe swelling (as the object) | köbgenimimy swelling (as the object) | köbgeniŋiyour swelling (as the object) | köbgeninhis swelling (as the object) | köbgenibizniour swelling (as the object) | köbgenigizniyou all's swelling (as the object) | köbgenlerintheir swellings (as the object) |
| Dative | köbgenŋeto the swelling | köbgenimeto my swelling | köbgeniŋeto your swelling | köbgenineto his swelling | köbgenibizgeto our swelling | köbgenigizgeto you all's swelling | köbgenlerineto their swellings |
| Locative | köbgendein / at the swelling | köbgenimdein / at my swelling | köbgeniŋdein / at your swelling | köbgenindein / at his swelling | köbgenibizdein / at our swelling | köbgenigizdein / at you all's swelling | köbgenlerindein / at their swellings |
| Ablative | köbgendenfrom the swelling | köbgenimdenfrom my swelling | köbgeniŋdenfrom your swelling | köbgenindenfrom his swelling | köbgenibizdenfrom our swelling | köbgenigizdenfrom you all's swelling | köbgenlerindenfrom their swellings |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | köbgenlethe swellings | köbgenlerimmy swellings | köbgenleriŋyour swellings | köbgenlerihis swellings | köbgenleribizour swellings | köbgenlerigizyou all's swellings | köbgenleritheir swellings |
| Genitive | köbgenlenithe swellings' | köbgenlerimimy swellings' | köbgenleriŋiyour swellings' | köbgenlerinihis swellings' | köbgenleribizniour swellings' | köbgenlerigizniyou all's swellings' | köbgenlerinitheir swellings' |
| Accusative | köbgenlenithe swellings (as the object) | köbgenlerimimy swellings (as the object) | köbgenleriŋiyour swellings (as the object) | köbgenlerinhis swellings (as the object) | köbgenleribizniour swellings (as the object) | köbgenlerigizniyou all's swellings (as the object) | köbgenlerintheir swellings (as the object) |
| Dative | köbgenlegeto the swellings | köbgenlerimeto my swellings | köbgenleriŋeto your swellings | köbgenlerineto his swellings | köbgenleribizgeto our swellings | köbgenlerigizgeto you all's swellings | köbgenlerineto their swellings |
| Locative | köbgenledein / at the swellings | köbgenlerimdein / at my swellings | köbgenleriŋdein / at your swellings | köbgenlerindein / at his swellings | köbgenleribizdein / at our swellings | köbgenlerigizdein / at you all's swellings | köbgenlerindein / at their swellings |
| Ablative | köbgenledenfrom the swellings | köbgenlerimdenfrom my swellings | köbgenleriŋdenfrom your swellings | köbgenlerindenfrom his swellings | köbgenleribizdenfrom our swellings | köbgenlerigizdenfrom you all's swellings | köbgenlerindenfrom their swellings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: köbgenleri can mean "his / her swellings", "their swelling", or "their swellings" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| köbgen + noun | the one who swells (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| köbgeni, nothing after | someone's swelling |
| köbgeni under bilirge, körürge | that someone swells |
Cases with an owner
The endings on köbgeni, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | köbgenihis / her having swollen |
|---|---|
| genitive | köbgeninihis / her having swollen's |
| accusative | köbgeninhis / her having swollen |
| dative | köbgenineto his / her having swollen |
| locative | köbgenindewhen he / she swelled |
| ablative | köbgenindenafter he / she swelled |
Negative
| the negative | köbmegenthe one that didn't swell |
|---|---|
| his / her | köbmegenihis / her not having swollen |