jonarğa
/dʒonarʁa/
1. whittle, hew, plane, shape by cutting
- ağaç jonarğa — to hew a log
- jonub ginji eterge — to whittle out a doll
- qaŋalanı jonarğa — to plane the boards
- çıbıqnı tübün jonub — whittling the lower end of the switch
- taşnı jonub üy işlegen edi — he had hewn the stone and built a house
- tuyaqnı jonub hazırladı — he pared the hoof and made it ready
2. peel, pare — Used of raw fruit and vegetables; boiled potatoes are peeled with arıtırğa.
- gardoş jonarğa — to peel potatoes
- almanı jonadı — she is paring the apple
- ağaçnı qabuğun jonarğa — to peel the bark off the tree
3. cut a gem, facet
- almaznı jonarğa — to cut a diamond
- taşnı jonub jıltıratdı — he cut the stone and brought it to a gleam
- jonulğan taş — a cut stone
Conjugation
Common forms
- jonadıhe is whittling
- jonduhe whittled
- jonŋandıhe has whittled
- jonarhe will whittle
- jonarıqdıhe is going to whittle
- jona edihe was whittling
- jonsaif he whittles
- jon!whittle!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjonamaI am whittling | senjonasayou are whittling | oljonadıhe is whittling | bizjonabızwe are whittling | sizjonasızyou all are whittling | alajonadılathey are whittling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjonmaymaI am not whittling | senjonmaysayou are not whittling | oljonmaydıhe is not whittling | bizjonmaybızwe are not whittling | sizjonmaysızyou all are not whittling | alajonmaydılathey are not whittling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjonamamı? jonamıma?am I whittling? | senjonamısa?are you whittling? | oljonamıdı?is he whittling? | bizjonabızmı? jonamıbız?are we whittling? | sizjonamısız?are you all whittling? | alajonamıdıla?are they whittling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjonmaymamı? jonmaymıma?aren't I whittling? | senjonmaymısa?aren't you whittling? | oljonmaymıdı?isn't he whittling? | bizjonmaybızmı? jonmaymıbız?aren't we whittling? | sizjonmaymısız?aren't you all whittling? | alajonmaymıdıla?aren't they whittling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjonuwçanmaI usually whittle | senjonuwçansayou usually whittle | oljonuwçandıhe usually whittles | bizjonuwçanbızwe usually whittle | sizjonuwçansızyou all usually whittle | alajonuwçandılathey usually whittle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjonmawçanmaI usually don't whittle | senjonmawçansayou usually don't whittle | oljonmawçandıhe usually doesn't whittle | bizjonmawçanbızwe usually don't whittle | sizjonmawçansızyou all usually don't whittle | alajonmawçandılathey usually don't whittle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjonuwçanmamı? jonuwçanmıma?do I usually whittle? | senjonuwçanmısa?do you usually whittle? | oljonuwçanmıdı?does he usually whittle? | bizjonuwçanbızmı? jonuwçanmıbız?do we usually whittle? | sizjonuwçanmısız?do you all usually whittle? | alajonuwçanmıdıla?do they usually whittle? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjonmawçanmamı? jonmawçanmıma?do I usually not whittle? | senjonmawçanmısa?do you usually not whittle? | oljonmawçanmıdı?does he usually not whittle? | bizjonmawçanbızmı? jonmawçanmıbız?do we usually not whittle? | sizjonmawçanmısız?do you all usually not whittle? | alajonmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not whittle? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljonubduhe has whittled and remains so | alajonubdulathey have whittled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljonubmudu?has he whittled? | alajonubmudula?have they whittled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjonub turamaI keep whittling | senjonub turasayou keep whittling | oljonub turadıhe keeps whittling | bizjonub turabızwe keep whittling | sizjonub turasızyou all keep whittling | alajonub turadılathey keep whittling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjonub turmaymaI don't keep whittling | senjonub turmaysayou don't keep whittling | oljonub turmaydıhe doesn't keep whittling | bizjonub turmaybızwe don't keep whittling | sizjonub turmaysızyou all don't keep whittling | alajonub turmaydılathey don't keep whittling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjonub turamamı? jonub turamıma?do I keep whittling? | senjonub turamısa?do you keep whittling? | oljonub turamıdı?does he keep whittling? | bizjonub turabızmı? jonub turamıbız?do we keep whittling? | sizjonub turamısız?do you all keep whittling? | alajonub turamıdıla?do they keep whittling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjonub turmaymamı? jonub turmaymıma?don't I keep whittling? | senjonub turmaymısa?don't you keep whittling? | oljonub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep whittling? | bizjonub turmaybızmı? jonub turmaymıbız?don't we keep whittling? | sizjonub turmaymısız?don't you all keep whittling? | alajonub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep whittling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjona turamaI am in the middle of whittling | senjona turasayou are in the middle of whittling | oljona turadıhe is in the middle of whittling | bizjona turabızwe are in the middle of whittling | sizjona turasızyou all are in the middle of whittling | alajona turadılathey are in the middle of whittling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjona turmaymaI am not in the middle of whittling | senjona turmaysayou are not in the middle of whittling | oljona turmaydıhe is not in the middle of whittling | bizjona turmaybızwe are not in the middle of whittling | sizjona turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of whittling | alajona turmaydılathey are not in the middle of whittling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjona turamamı? jona turamıma?am I in the middle of whittling? | senjona turamısa?are you in the middle of whittling? | oljona turamıdı?is he in the middle of whittling? | bizjona turabızmı? jona turamıbız?are we in the middle of whittling? | sizjona turamısız?are you all in the middle of whittling? | alajona turamıdıla?are they in the middle of whittling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjona turmaymamı? jona turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of whittling? | senjona turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of whittling? | oljona turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of whittling? | bizjona turmaybızmı? jona turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of whittling? | sizjona turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of whittling? | alajona turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of whittling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjondumI whittled | senjonduŋyou whittled | oljonduhe whittled | bizjonduqwe whittled | sizjonduğuzyou all whittled | alajondulathey whittled |
| Simple past (definite) | menjonmadımI didn't whittle | senjonmadıŋyou didn't whittle | oljonmadıhe didn't whittle | bizjonmadıqwe didn't whittle | sizjonmadığızyou all didn't whittle | alajonmadılathey didn't whittle |
| Simple past (definite) | menjondummu?did I whittle? | senjonduŋmu?did you whittle? | oljondumu?did he whittle? | bizjonduqmu?did we whittle? | sizjonduğuzmu?did you all whittle? | alajondulamı?did they whittle? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjonmadımmı?didn't I whittle? | senjonmadıŋmı?didn't you whittle? | oljonmadımı?didn't he whittle? | bizjonmadıqmı?didn't we whittle? | sizjonmadığızmı?didn't you all whittle? | alajonmadılamı?didn't they whittle? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjonŋanmaI have whittled | senjonŋansayou have whittled | oljonŋandıhe has whittled | bizjonŋanbızwe have whittled | sizjonŋansızyou all have whittled | alajonŋandılathey have whittled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjonmağanmaI haven't whittled | senjonmağansayou haven't whittled | oljonmağandıhe hasn't whittled | bizjonmağanbızwe haven't whittled | sizjonmağansızyou all haven't whittled | alajonmağandılathey haven't whittled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjonŋanmamı? jonŋanmıma?have I whittled? | senjonŋanmısa?have you whittled? | oljonŋanmıdı?has he whittled? | bizjonŋanbızmı? jonŋanmıbız?have we whittled? | sizjonŋanmısız?have you all whittled? | alajonŋanmıdıla?have they whittled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjonmağanmamı? jonmağanmıma?haven't I whittled? | senjonmağanmısa?haven't you whittled? | oljonmağanmıdı?hasn't he whittled? | bizjonmağanbızmı? jonmağanmıbız?haven't we whittled? | sizjonmağanmısız?haven't you all whittled? | alajonmağanmıdıla?haven't they whittled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjonub turdumI kept whittling | senjonub turduŋyou kept whittling | oljonub turduhe kept whittling | bizjonub turduqwe kept whittling | sizjonub turduğuzyou all kept whittling | alajonub turdulathey kept whittling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjonub turmadımI didn't keep whittling | senjonub turmadıŋyou didn't keep whittling | oljonub turmadıhe didn't keep whittling | bizjonub turmadıqwe didn't keep whittling | sizjonub turmadığızyou all didn't keep whittling | alajonub turmadılathey didn't keep whittling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjonarmaI will whittle | senjonarsayou will whittle | oljonarhe will whittle | bizjonarbızwe will whittle | sizjonarsızyou all will whittle | alajonarlathey will whittle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjonmazmaI won't whittle | senjonmazsayou won't whittle | oljonmazhe won't whittle | bizjonmazbızwe won't whittle | sizjonmazsızyou all won't whittle | alajonmazlathey won't whittle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjonarmamı? jonarmıma?will I whittle? | senjonarmısa?will you whittle? | oljonarmı?will he whittle? | bizjonarbızmı? jonarmıbız?will we whittle? | sizjonarmısız?will you all whittle? | alajonarlamı? jonarmıla?will they whittle? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjonmazmamı? jonmazmıma?won't I whittle? | senjonmazmısa?won't you whittle? | oljonmazmı?won't he whittle? | bizjonmazbızmı? jonmazmıbız?won't we whittle? | sizjonmazmısız?won't you all whittle? | alajonmazlamı? jonmazmıla?won't they whittle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjonarıqmaI am going to whittle | senjonarıqsayou are going to whittle | oljonarıqdıhe is going to whittle | bizjonarıqbızwe are going to whittle | sizjonarıqsızyou all are going to whittle | alajonarıqdılathey are going to whittle |
| Definite future (future II) | menjonarıq tülmeI am not going to whittle | senjonarıq tülseyou are not going to whittle | oljonarıq tüldühe is not going to whittle | bizjonarıq tülbüzwe are not going to whittle | sizjonarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to whittle | alajonarıq tüldülethey are not going to whittle |
| Definite future (future II) | menjonarıqmamı? jonarıqmıma?am I going to whittle? | senjonarıqmısa?are you going to whittle? | oljonarıqmıdı?is he going to whittle? | bizjonarıqbızmı? jonarıqmıbız?are we going to whittle? | sizjonarıqmısız?are you all going to whittle? | alajonarıqmıdıla?are they going to whittle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjonarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to whittle? | senjonarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to whittle? | oljonarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to whittle? | bizjonarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to whittle? | sizjonarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to whittle? | alajonarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to whittle? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjonŋan edimjonŋanemI had whittled | senjonŋan ediŋjonŋaneŋyou had whittled | oljonŋan edijonŋanedhe had whittled | bizjonŋan edikjonŋanekwe had whittled | sizjonŋan edigizjonŋanegizyou all had whittled | alajonŋan edilejonŋanellethey had whittled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjonmağan edimjonmağanemI hadn't whittled | senjonmağan ediŋjonmağaneŋyou hadn't whittled | oljonmağan edijonmağanedhe hadn't whittled | bizjonmağan edikjonmağanekwe hadn't whittled | sizjonmağan edigizjonmağanegizyou all hadn't whittled | alajonmağan edilejonmağanellethey hadn't whittled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjona edimjonaemI was whittling | senjona ediŋjonaeŋyou were whittling | oljona edijonaedhe was whittling | bizjona edikjonaekwe were whittling | sizjona edigizjonaegizyou all were whittling | alajona edilejonaellethey were whittling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjonmay edimjonmayemI wasn't whittling | senjonmay ediŋjonmayeŋyou weren't whittling | oljonmay edijonmayedhe wasn't whittling | bizjonmay edikjonmayekwe weren't whittling | sizjonmay edigizjonmayegizyou all weren't whittling | alajonmay edilejonmayellethey weren't whittling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjonuwçan edimjonuwçanemI used to whittle | senjonuwçan ediŋjonuwçaneŋyou used to whittle | oljonuwçan edijonuwçanedhe used to whittle | bizjonuwçan edikjonuwçanekwe used to whittle | sizjonuwçan edigizjonuwçanegizyou all used to whittle | alajonuwçan edilejonuwçanellethey used to whittle |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjonmawçan edimjonmawçanemI didn't use to whittle | senjonmawçan ediŋjonmawçaneŋyou didn't use to whittle | oljonmawçan edijonmawçanedhe didn't use to whittle | bizjonmawçan edikjonmawçanekwe didn't use to whittle | sizjonmawçan edigizjonmawçanegizyou all didn't use to whittle | alajonmawçan edilejonmawçanellethey didn't use to whittle |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljonub edihe had whittled and remained so | alajonub edilethey had whittled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljonub tül edihe hadn't whittled | alajonub tül edilethey hadn't whittled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjonub tura edimjonub turaemI had kept whittling | senjonub tura ediŋjonub turaeŋyou had kept whittling | oljonub tura edijonub turaedhe had kept whittling | bizjonub tura edikjonub turaekwe had kept whittling | sizjonub tura edigizjonub turaegizyou all had kept whittling | alajonub tura edilejonub turaellethey had kept whittling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjonub turmay edimjonub turmayemI hadn't kept whittling | senjonub turmay ediŋjonub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept whittling | oljonub turmay edijonub turmayedhe hadn't kept whittling | bizjonub turmay edikjonub turmayekwe hadn't kept whittling | sizjonub turmay edigizjonub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept whittling | alajonub turmay edilejonub turmayellethey hadn't kept whittling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjona tura edimjona turaemI was in the middle of whittling | senjona tura ediŋjona turaeŋyou were in the middle of whittling | oljona tura edijona turaedhe was in the middle of whittling | bizjona tura edikjona turaekwe were in the middle of whittling | sizjona tura edigizjona turaegizyou all were in the middle of whittling | alajona tura edilejona turaellethey were in the middle of whittling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjona turmay edimjona turmayemI wasn't in the middle of whittling | senjona turmay ediŋjona turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of whittling | oljona turmay edijona turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of whittling | bizjona turmay edikjona turmayekwe weren't in the middle of whittling | sizjona turmay edigizjona turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of whittling | alajona turmay edilejona turmayellethey weren't in the middle of whittling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjonar edimjonar emI would whittle | senjonar ediŋjonar eŋyou would whittle | oljonar edijonar edhe would whittle | bizjonar edikjonar ekwe would whittle | sizjonar edigizjonar egizyou all would whittle | alajonar edilejonar ellethey would whittle |
| Conditional result (would) | menjonmaz edimjonmaz emI wouldn't whittle | senjonmaz ediŋjonmaz eŋyou wouldn't whittle | oljonmaz edijonmaz edhe wouldn't whittle | bizjonmaz edikjonmaz ekwe wouldn't whittle | sizjonmaz edigizjonmaz egizyou all wouldn't whittle | alajonmaz edilejonmaz ellethey wouldn't whittle |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjonarıq edimjonarıq emI would have whittled | senjonarıq ediŋjonarıq eŋyou would have whittled | oljonarıq edijonarıq edhe would have whittled | bizjonarıq edikjonarıq ekwe would have whittled | sizjonarıq edigizjonarıq egizyou all would have whittled | alajonarıq edilejonarıq ellethey would have whittled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjonarıq tül edimjonarıq tül emI wouldn't have whittled | senjonarıq tül ediŋjonarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have whittled | oljonarıq tül edijonarıq tül edhe wouldn't have whittled | bizjonarıq tül edikjonarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have whittled | sizjonarıq tül edigizjonarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have whittled | alajonarıq tül edilejonarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have whittled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjonsamif I whittle | senjonsaŋif you whittle | oljonsaif he whittles | bizjonsaqif we whittle | sizjonsağızif you all whittle | alajonsalaif they whittle |
| Conditional | menjonmasamif I don't whittle | senjonmasaŋif you don't whittle | oljonmasaif he doesn't whittle | bizjonmasaqif we don't whittle | sizjonmasağızif you all don't whittle | alajonmasalaif they don't whittle |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjona esemif I am whittling | senjona eseŋif you are whittling | oljona eseif he is whittling | bizjona esekif we are whittling | sizjona esegizif you all are whittling | alajona eseleif they are whittling |
| Conditional, present real | menjonmay esemif I am not whittling | senjonmay eseŋif you are not whittling | oljonmay eseif he is not whittling | bizjonmay esekif we are not whittling | sizjonmay esegizif you all are not whittling | alajonmay eseleif they are not whittling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjonsam edijonsam edif only I whittled | senjonsaŋ edijonsaŋ edif only you whittled | oljonsa edijonsaedif only he whittled | bizjonsaq edijonsaq edif only we whittled | sizjonsağız edijonsağız edif only you all whittled | alajonsala edijonsalaedif only they whittled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjonmasam edijonmasam edif only I didn't whittle | senjonmasaŋ edijonmasaŋ edif only you didn't whittle | oljonmasa edijonmasaedif only he didn't whittle | bizjonmasaq edijonmasaq edif only we didn't whittle | sizjonmasağız edijonmasağız edif only you all didn't whittle | alajonmasala edijonmasalaedif only they didn't whittle |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjonub tursamif I carry on whittling | senjonub tursaŋif you carry on whittling | oljonub tursaif he carries on whittling | bizjonub tursaqif we carry on whittling | sizjonub tursağızif you all carry on whittling | alajonub tursalaif they carry on whittling |
| Durative conditional | menjonub turmasamif I don't carry on whittling | senjonub turmasaŋif you don't carry on whittling | oljonub turmasaif he doesn't carry on whittling | bizjonub turmasaqif we don't carry on whittling | sizjonub turmasağızif you all don't carry on whittling | alajonub turmasalaif they don't carry on whittling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjonub tura esemif I have kept whittling | senjonub tura eseŋif you have kept whittling | oljonub tura eseif he has kept whittling | bizjonub tura esekif we have kept whittling | sizjonub tura esegizif you all have kept whittling | alajonub tura eseleif they have kept whittling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjonub turmay esemif I haven't kept whittling | senjonub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept whittling | oljonub turmay eseif he hasn't kept whittling | bizjonub turmay esekif we haven't kept whittling | sizjonub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept whittling | alajonub turmay eseleif they haven't kept whittling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjona tursamif I keep whittling | senjona tursaŋif you keep whittling | oljona tursaif he keeps whittling | bizjona tursaqif we keep whittling | sizjona tursağızif you all keep whittling | alajona tursalaif they keep whittling |
| Progressive conditional | menjonmay tursamif I keep on not whittling | senjonmay tursaŋif you keep on not whittling | oljonmay tursaif he keeps on not whittling | bizjonmay tursaqif we keep on not whittling | sizjonmay tursağızif you all keep on not whittling | alajonmay tursalaif they keep on not whittling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjona tura esemif I am in the middle of whittling | senjona tura eseŋif you are in the middle of whittling | oljona tura eseif he is in the middle of whittling | bizjona tura esekif we are in the middle of whittling | sizjona tura esegizif you all are in the middle of whittling | alajona tura eseleif they are in the middle of whittling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjonmay tura esemif I keep on not whittling | senjonmay tura eseŋif you keep on not whittling | oljonmay tura eseif he keeps on not whittling | bizjonmay tura esekif we keep on not whittling | sizjonmay tura esegizif you all keep on not whittling | alajonmay tura eseleif they keep on not whittling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjondum esemif I whittled | senjonduŋ eseŋif you whittled | oljondu eseif he whittled | bizjonduq esekif we whittled | sizjonduğuz esegizif you all whittled | alajondula eseleif they whittled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjonmadım esemif I didn't whittle | senjonmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't whittle | oljonmadı eseif he didn't whittle | bizjonmadıq esekif we didn't whittle | sizjonmadığız esegizif you all didn't whittle | alajonmadıla eseleif they didn't whittle |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjonŋan esemif I did whittle (indeed) | senjonŋan eseŋif you did whittle (indeed) | oljonŋan eseif he did whittle (indeed) | bizjonŋan esekif we did whittle (indeed) | sizjonŋan esegizif you all did whittle (indeed) | alajonŋan eseleif they did whittle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjonmağan esemif I didn't whittle (indeed) | senjonmağan eseŋif you didn't whittle (indeed) | oljonmağan eseif he didn't whittle (indeed) | bizjonmağan esekif we didn't whittle (indeed) | sizjonmağan esegizif you all didn't whittle (indeed) | alajonmağan eseleif they didn't whittle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjonŋan bolsamif I had whittled | senjonŋan bolsaŋif you had whittled | oljonŋan bolsaif he had whittled | bizjonŋan bolsaqif we had whittled | sizjonŋan bolsağızif you all had whittled | alajonŋan bolsalaif they had whittled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjonmağan bolsamif I hadn't whittled | senjonmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't whittled | oljonmağan bolsaif he hadn't whittled | bizjonmağan bolsaqif we hadn't whittled | sizjonmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't whittled | alajonmağan bolsalaif they hadn't whittled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjonŋan bolsam edijonŋan bolsam edif only I had whittled | senjonŋan bolsaŋ edijonŋan bolsaŋ edif only you had whittled | oljonŋan bolsa edijonŋan bolsaedif only he had whittled | bizjonŋan bolsaq edijonŋan bolsaq edif only we had whittled | sizjonŋan bolsağız edijonŋan bolsağız edif only you all had whittled | alajonŋan bolsala edijonŋan bolsalaedif only they had whittled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjonmağan bolsam edijonmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't whittled | senjonmağan bolsaŋ edijonmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't whittled | oljonmağan bolsa edijonmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't whittled | bizjonmağan bolsaq edijonmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't whittled | sizjonmağan bolsağız edijonmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't whittled | alajonmağan bolsala edijonmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't whittled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjonar esemif I will whittle | senjonar eseŋif you will whittle | oljonar eseif he will whittle | bizjonar esekif we will whittle | sizjonar esegizif you all will whittle | alajonar eseleif they will whittle |
| Conditional, aorist | menjonmaz esemif I won't whittle | senjonmaz eseŋif you won't whittle | oljonmaz eseif he won't whittle | bizjonmaz esekif we won't whittle | sizjonmaz esegizif you all won't whittle | alajonmaz eseleif they won't whittle |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjonarıq esemif I am going to whittle | senjonarıq eseŋif you are going to whittle | oljonarıq eseif he is going to whittle | bizjonarıq esekif we are going to whittle | sizjonarıq esegizif you all are going to whittle | alajonarıq eseleif they are going to whittle |
| Conditional, future | menjonarıq tül esemif I am not going to whittle | senjonarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to whittle | oljonarıq tül eseif he is not going to whittle | bizjonarıq tül esekif we are not going to whittle | sizjonarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to whittle | alajonarıq tül eseleif they are not going to whittle |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjonarıq bolsamif I were going to whittle | senjonarıq bolsaŋif you were going to whittle | oljonarıq bolsaif he were going to whittle | bizjonarıq bolsaqif we were going to whittle | sizjonarıq bolsağızif you all were going to whittle | alajonarıq bolsalaif they were going to whittle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjonmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to whittle | senjonmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to whittle | oljonmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to whittle | bizjonmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to whittle | sizjonmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to whittle | alajonmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to whittle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jonduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjona bolurmaI must be whittling | senjona bolursayou must be whittling | oljona bolurhe must be whittling | bizjona bolurbuzwe must be whittling | sizjona bolursuzyou all must be whittling | alajona bolurlathey must be whittling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjonmay bolurmaI must not be whittling | senjonmay bolursayou must not be whittling | oljonmay bolurhe must not be whittling | bizjonmay bolurbuzwe must not be whittling | sizjonmay bolursuzyou all must not be whittling | alajonmay bolurlathey must not be whittling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjona tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of whittling | senjona tura bolursayou must be in the middle of whittling | oljona tura bolurhe must be in the middle of whittling | bizjona tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of whittling | sizjona tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of whittling | alajona tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of whittling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjonmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not whittling | senjonmay tura bolursayou must keep on not whittling | oljonmay tura bolurhe must keep on not whittling | bizjonmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not whittling | sizjonmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not whittling | alajonmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not whittling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjonŋan bolurmaI must have whittled | senjonŋan bolursayou must have whittled | oljonŋan bolurhe must have whittled | bizjonŋan bolurbuzwe must have whittled | sizjonŋan bolursuzyou all must have whittled | alajonŋan bolurlathey must have whittled |
| Inference (must have) | menjonmağan bolurmaI must not have whittled | senjonmağan bolursayou must not have whittled | oljonmağan bolurhe must not have whittled | bizjonmağan bolurbuzwe must not have whittled | sizjonmağan bolursuzyou all must not have whittled | alajonmağan bolurlathey must not have whittled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjonarıq bolurmaI must be going to whittle | senjonarıq bolursayou must be going to whittle | oljonarıq bolurhe must be going to whittle | bizjonarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to whittle | sizjonarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to whittle | alajonarıq bolurlathey must be going to whittle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjonmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to whittle | senjonmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to whittle | oljonmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to whittle | bizjonmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to whittle | sizjonmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to whittle | alajonmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to whittle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjonayımlet me whittle | senjon!whittle! | oljonsunlet him whittle | bizjonayıqlet's whittle | sizjonuğuz!whittle, you all! | alajonsunlalet them whittle |
| Commands & suggestions | menjonmayımlet me not whittle | senjonma!don't whittle! | oljonmasınlet him not whittle | bizjonmayıqlet's not whittle | sizjonmağız!don't whittle, you all! | alajonmasınlalet them not whittle |
| Commands & suggestions | menjonayımmı?shall I whittle? | oljonsunmu?should he whittle? | bizjonayıqmı?shall we whittle? | alajonsunlamı?should they whittle? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjonmayımmı?shall I not whittle? | oljonmasınmı?should he not whittle? | bizjonmayıqmı?shall we not whittle? | alajonmasınlamı?should they not whittle? | ||
| Requests | senjonçu2jonçunplease whittle | oljonsunçudo let him whittle | sizjonçuğuzplease whittle (plural/polite) | alajonsunlaçıdo let them whittle | ||
| Requests | senjonmaçı2jonmaçınplease don't whittle | oljonmasınçıdo let him not whittle | sizjonmaçığızplease don't whittle (plural/polite) | alajonmasınlaçıdo let them not whittle | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjonŋunjonŋumay you whittle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjonmağınjonmağımay you not whittle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjonŋay edim jonŋa edimwould that I whittled | senjonŋay ediŋ jonŋa ediŋwould that you whittled | oljonŋay edi jonŋa ediwould that he whittled | bizjonŋay edik jonŋa edikwould that we whittled | sizjonŋay edigiz jonŋa edigizwould that you all whittled | alajonŋay edile jonŋa edilewould that they whittled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjonmağay edim jonmağa edimwould that I did not whittle | senjonmağay ediŋ jonmağa ediŋwould that you did not whittle | oljonmağay edi jonmağa ediwould that he did not whittle | bizjonmağay edik jonmağa edikwould that we did not whittle | sizjonmağay edigiz jonmağa edigizwould that you all did not whittle | alajonmağay edile jonmağa edilewould that they did not whittle |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjonmağa qoyayımjonma qoyayımlet me allow someone to whittle | senjonmağa qoy!jonma qoy!let someone whittle! | oljonmağa qoysunjonma qoysunlet him allow someone to whittle | bizjonmağa qoyayıqjonma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to whittle | sizjonmağa qoyuğuz!jonma qoyuğuz!let someone whittle, you all! | alajonmağa qoysunlajonma qoysunlalet them allow someone to whittle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjonmağa qoymayımjonma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to whittle | senjonmağa qoyma!jonma qoyma!don't let someone whittle! | oljonmağa qoymasınjonma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to whittle | bizjonmağa qoymayıqjonma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to whittle | sizjonmağa qoymağız!jonma qoymağız!don't let someone whittle, you all! | alajonmağa qoymasınlajonma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to whittle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjonmağa qoyayımmı?jonma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to whittle? | oljonmağa qoysunmu?jonma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to whittle? | bizjonmağa qoyayıqmı?jonma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to whittle? | alajonmağa qoysunlamı?jonma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to whittle? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjonmağa qoymayımmı?jonma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to whittle? | oljonmağa qoymasınmı?jonma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to whittle? | bizjonmağa qoymayıqmı?jonma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to whittle? | alajonmağa qoymasınlamı?jonma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to whittle? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjonmağa qoyamajonma qoyamaI allow someone to whittle | senjonmağa qoyasajonma qoyasayou allow someone to whittle | oljonmağa qoyadıjonma qoyadıhe allows someone to whittle | bizjonmağa qoyabızjonma qoyabızwe allow someone to whittle | sizjonmağa qoyasızjonma qoyasızyou all allow someone to whittle | alajonmağa qoyadılajonma qoyadılathey allow someone to whittle |
| Let someone… (present) | menjonmağa qoymaymajonma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to whittle | senjonmağa qoymaysajonma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to whittle | oljonmağa qoymaydıjonma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to whittle | bizjonmağa qoymaybızjonma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to whittle | sizjonmağa qoymaysızjonma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to whittle | alajonmağa qoymaydılajonma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to whittle |
| Let someone… (present) | menjonmağa qoyamamı?jonma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to whittle? | senjonmağa qoyamısa?jonma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to whittle? | oljonmağa qoyamıdı?jonma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to whittle? | bizjonmağa qoyabızmı?jonma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to whittle? | sizjonmağa qoyamısız?jonma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to whittle? | alajonmağa qoyamıdıla?jonma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to whittle? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjonmağa qoymaymamı?jonma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to whittle? | senjonmağa qoymaymısa?jonma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to whittle? | oljonmağa qoymaymıdı?jonma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to whittle? | bizjonmağa qoymaybızmı?jonma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to whittle? | sizjonmağa qoymaymısız?jonma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to whittle? | alajonmağa qoymaymıdıla?jonma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to whittle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjonmağa qoydumjonma qoydumI allowed someone to whittle | senjonmağa qoyduŋjonma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to whittle | oljonmağa qoydujonma qoyduhe allowed someone to whittle | bizjonmağa qoyduqjonma qoyduqwe allowed someone to whittle | sizjonmağa qoyduğuzjonma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to whittle | alajonmağa qoydulajonma qoydulathey allowed someone to whittle |
| Let someone… (past) | menjonmağa qoymadımjonma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to whittle | senjonmağa qoymadıŋjonma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to whittle | oljonmağa qoymadıjonma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to whittle | bizjonmağa qoymadıqjonma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to whittle | sizjonmağa qoymadığızjonma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to whittle | alajonmağa qoymadılajonma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to whittle |
| Let someone… (past) | menjonmağa qoydummu?jonma qoydummu?did I allow someone to whittle? | senjonmağa qoyduŋmu?jonma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to whittle? | oljonmağa qoydumu?jonma qoydumu?did he allow someone to whittle? | bizjonmağa qoyduqmu?jonma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to whittle? | sizjonmağa qoyduğuzmu?jonma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to whittle? | alajonmağa qoydulamı?jonma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to whittle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjonmağa qoymadımmı?jonma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to whittle? | senjonmağa qoymadıŋmı?jonma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to whittle? | oljonmağa qoymadımı?jonma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to whittle? | bizjonmağa qoymadıqmı?jonma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to whittle? | sizjonmağa qoymadığızmı?jonma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to whittle? | alajonmağa qoymadılamı?jonma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to whittle? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jonalırğa be able to whittle · jonalmazğa be unable to whittle
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjonalamaI can whittle | senjonalasayou can whittle | oljonaladıhe can whittle | bizjonalabızwe can whittle | sizjonalasızyou all can whittle | alajonaladılathey can whittle |
| Ability — present | menjonalmaymaI can't whittle | senjonalmaysayou can't whittle | oljonalmaydıhe can't whittle | bizjonalmaybızwe can't whittle | sizjonalmaysızyou all can't whittle | alajonalmaydılathey can't whittle |
| Ability — present | menjonalamamı? jonalamıma?can I whittle? | senjonalamısa?can you whittle? | oljonalamıdı?can he whittle? | bizjonalabızmı? jonalamıbız?can we whittle? | sizjonalamısız?can you all whittle? | alajonalamıdıla?can they whittle? |
| Ability — present | menjonalmaymamı? jonalmaymıma?can't I whittle? | senjonalmaymısa?can't you whittle? | oljonalmaymıdı?can't he whittle? | bizjonalmaybızmı? jonalmaymıbız?can't we whittle? | sizjonalmaymısız?can't you all whittle? | alajonalmaymıdıla?can't they whittle? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjonalsamif I can whittle | senjonalsaŋif you can whittle | oljonalsaif he can whittle | bizjonalsaqif we can whittle | sizjonalsağızif you all can whittle | alajonalsalaif they can whittle |
| Ability — if I can… | menjonalmasamif I can't whittle | senjonalmasaŋif you can't whittle | oljonalmasaif he can't whittle | bizjonalmasaqif we can't whittle | sizjonalmasağızif you all can't whittle | alajonalmasalaif they can't whittle |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjonaldımI was able to whittle | senjonaldıŋyou were able to whittle | oljonaldıhe was able to whittle | bizjonaldıqwe were able to whittle | sizjonaldığızyou all were able to whittle | alajonaldılathey were able to whittle |
| Ability — simple past | menjonalmadımI could not whittle | senjonalmadıŋyou could not whittle | oljonalmadıhe could not whittle | bizjonalmadıqwe could not whittle | sizjonalmadığızyou all could not whittle | alajonalmadılathey could not whittle |
| Ability — simple past | menjonaldımmı?was I able to whittle? | senjonaldıŋmı?were you able to whittle? | oljonaldımı?was he able to whittle? | bizjonaldıqmı?were we able to whittle? | sizjonaldığızmı?were you all able to whittle? | alajonaldılamı?were they able to whittle? |
| Ability — simple past | menjonalmadımmı?couldn't I whittle? | senjonalmadıŋmı?couldn't you whittle? | oljonalmadımı?couldn't he whittle? | bizjonalmadıqmı?couldn't we whittle? | sizjonalmadığızmı?couldn't you all whittle? | alajonalmadılamı?couldn't they whittle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjonalğanmaI have been able to whittle | senjonalğansayou have been able to whittle | oljonalğandıhe has been able to whittle | bizjonalğanbızwe have been able to whittle | sizjonalğansızyou all have been able to whittle | alajonalğandılathey have been able to whittle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjonalmağanmaI haven't been able to whittle | senjonalmağansayou haven't been able to whittle | oljonalmağandıhe hasn't been able to whittle | bizjonalmağanbızwe haven't been able to whittle | sizjonalmağansızyou all haven't been able to whittle | alajonalmağandılathey haven't been able to whittle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjonalğanmamı? jonalğanmıma?have I been able to whittle? | senjonalğanmısa?have you been able to whittle? | oljonalğanmıdı?has he been able to whittle? | bizjonalğanbızmı? jonalğanmıbız?have we been able to whittle? | sizjonalğanmısız?have you all been able to whittle? | alajonalğanmıdıla?have they been able to whittle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjonalmağanmamı? jonalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to whittle? | senjonalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to whittle? | oljonalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to whittle? | bizjonalmağanbızmı? jonalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to whittle? | sizjonalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to whittle? | alajonalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to whittle? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjonalğan edimjonalğanemI had been able to whittle | senjonalğan ediŋjonalğaneŋyou had been able to whittle | oljonalğan edijonalğanedhe had been able to whittle | bizjonalğan edikjonalğanekwe had been able to whittle | sizjonalğan edigizjonalğanegizyou all had been able to whittle | alajonalğan edilejonalğanellethey had been able to whittle |
| Ability — past perfect | menjonalmağan edimjonalmağanemI hadn't been able to whittle | senjonalmağan ediŋjonalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to whittle | oljonalmağan edijonalmağanedhe hadn't been able to whittle | bizjonalmağan edikjonalmağanekwe hadn't been able to whittle | sizjonalmağan edigizjonalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to whittle | alajonalmağan edilejonalmağanellethey hadn't been able to whittle |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjonala edimjonalaemI could whittle | senjonala ediŋjonalaeŋyou could whittle | oljonala edijonalaedhe could whittle | bizjonala edikjonalaekwe could whittle | sizjonala edigizjonalaegizyou all could whittle | alajonala edilejonalaellethey could whittle |
| Ability — past background | menjonalmay edimjonalmayemI could not whittle | senjonalmay ediŋjonalmayeŋyou could not whittle | oljonalmay edijonalmayedhe could not whittle | bizjonalmay edikjonalmayekwe could not whittle | sizjonalmay edigizjonalmayegizyou all could not whittle | alajonalmay edilejonalmayellethey could not whittle |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjonalırmaI will be able to whittle | senjonalırsayou will be able to whittle | oljonalırhe will be able to whittle | bizjonalırbızwe will be able to whittle | sizjonalırsızyou all will be able to whittle | alajonalırlathey will be able to whittle |
| Ability — future I | menjonalmazmaI won't be able to whittle | senjonalmazsayou won't be able to whittle | oljonalmazhe won't be able to whittle | bizjonalmazbızwe won't be able to whittle | sizjonalmazsızyou all won't be able to whittle | alajonalmazlathey won't be able to whittle |
| Ability — future I | menjonalırmamı? jonalırmıma?will I be able to whittle? | senjonalırmısa?will you be able to whittle? | oljonalırmı?will he be able to whittle? | bizjonalırbızmı? jonalırmıbız?will we be able to whittle? | sizjonalırmısız?will you all be able to whittle? | alajonalırlamı? jonalırmıla?will they be able to whittle? |
| Ability — future I | menjonalmazmamı? jonalmazmıma?won't I be able to whittle? | senjonalmazmısa?won't you be able to whittle? | oljonalmazmı?won't he be able to whittle? | bizjonalmazbızmı? jonalmazmıbız?won't we be able to whittle? | sizjonalmazmısız?won't you all be able to whittle? | alajonalmazlamı? jonalmazmıla?won't they be able to whittle? |
| Ability — future II | menjonallıqmaI am going to be able to whittle | senjonallıqsayou are going to be able to whittle | oljonallıqdıhe is going to be able to whittle | bizjonallıqbızwe are going to be able to whittle | sizjonallıqsızyou all are going to be able to whittle | alajonallıqdılathey are going to be able to whittle |
| Ability — future II | menjonallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to whittle | senjonallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to whittle | oljonallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to whittle | bizjonallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to whittle | sizjonallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to whittle | alajonallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to whittle |
| Ability — future II | menjonallıqmamı? jonallıqmıma?am I going to be able to whittle? | senjonallıqmısa?are you going to be able to whittle? | oljonallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to whittle? | bizjonallıqbızmı? jonallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to whittle? | sizjonallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to whittle? | alajonallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to whittle? |
| Ability — future II | menjonallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to whittle? | senjonallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to whittle? | oljonallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to whittle? | bizjonallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to whittle? | sizjonallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to whittle? | alajonallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to whittle? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjonalır edimjonalır emI would be able to whittle | senjonalır ediŋjonalır eŋyou would be able to whittle | oljonalır edijonalır edhe would be able to whittle | bizjonalır edikjonalır ekwe would be able to whittle | sizjonalır edigizjonalır egizyou all would be able to whittle | alajonalır edilejonalır ellethey would be able to whittle |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjonalmaz edimjonalmaz emI wouldn't be able to whittle | senjonalmaz ediŋjonalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to whittle | oljonalmaz edijonalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to whittle | bizjonalmaz edikjonalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to whittle | sizjonalmaz edigizjonalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to whittle | alajonalmaz edilejonalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to whittle |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjonalğınjonalğımay you be able to whittle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjonalmağınjonalmağımay you not be able to whittle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjonarğa izleymeI want to whittle | senjonarğa izleyseyou want to whittle | oljonarğa izleydihe wants to whittle | bizjonarğa izleybizwe want to whittle | sizjonarğa izleysizyou all want to whittle | alajonarğa izleydilethey want to whittle |
| want to | menjonarğa izlemeymeI do not want to whittle | senjonarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to whittle | oljonarğa izlemeydihe does not want to whittle | bizjonarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to whittle | sizjonarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to whittle | alajonarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to whittle |
| would like to | menjonarğa süemeI would like to whittle | senjonarğa süeseyou would like to whittle | oljonarğa süedihe would like to whittle | bizjonarğa süebizwe would like to whittle | sizjonarğa süesizyou all would like to whittle | alajonarğa süedilethey would like to whittle |
| would like to | menjonarğa süymeymeI would not like to whittle | senjonarğa süymeyseyou would not like to whittle | oljonarğa süymeydihe would not like to whittle | bizjonarğa süymeybizwe would not like to whittle | sizjonarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to whittle | alajonarğa süymeydilethey would not like to whittle |
| hope to | menjonarğa umutlanamaI hope to whittle | senjonarğa umutlanasayou hope to whittle | oljonarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to whittle | bizjonarğa umutlanabızwe hope to whittle | sizjonarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to whittle | alajonarğa umutlanadılathey hope to whittle |
| hope to | menjonarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to whittle | senjonarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to whittle | oljonarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to whittle | bizjonarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to whittle | sizjonarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to whittle | alajonarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to whittle |
| be about to | menjonarğa deb turamaI am about to whittle | senjonarğa deb turasayou are about to whittle | oljonarğa deb turadıhe is about to whittle | bizjonarğa deb turabızwe are about to whittle | sizjonarğa deb turasızyou all are about to whittle | alajonarğa deb turadılathey are about to whittle |
| be about to | menjonarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to whittle | senjonarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to whittle | oljonarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to whittle | bizjonarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to whittle | sizjonarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to whittle | alajonarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to whittle |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjonarğa kerekmeI need to whittle | senjonarğa kerekseyou need to whittle | oljonarğa kerekdihe needs to whittle | bizjonarğa kerekbizwe need to whittle | sizjonarğa kereksizyou all need to whittle | alajonarğa kerekdilethey need to whittle |
| need to | menjonarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to whittle | senjonarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to whittle | oljonarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to whittle | bizjonarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to whittle | sizjonarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to whittle | alajonarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to whittle |
| have to | menmenŋe jonarğa tüşediI have to whittle | sensenŋe jonarğa tüşediyou have to whittle | olaŋa jonarğa tüşedihe has to whittle | bizbizge jonarğa tüşediwe have to whittle | sizsizge jonarğa tüşediyou all have to whittle | alaalağa jonarğa tüşedithey have to whittle |
| have to | menmenŋe jonarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to whittle | sensenŋe jonarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to whittle | olaŋa jonarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to whittle | bizbizge jonarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to whittle | sizsizge jonarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to whittle | alaalağa jonarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to whittle |
| be obliged to | menjonarğa borçlumaI am obliged to whittle | senjonarğa borçlusayou are obliged to whittle | oljonarğa borçluduhe is obliged to whittle | bizjonarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to whittle | sizjonarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to whittle | alajonarğa borçludulathey are obliged to whittle |
| be obliged to | menjonarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to whittle | senjonarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to whittle | oljonarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to whittle | bizjonarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to whittle | sizjonarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to whittle | alajonarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to whittle |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjonarğa madarım bardıI have a way to whittle | senjonarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to whittle | oljonarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to whittle | bizjonarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to whittle | sizjonarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to whittle | alajonarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to whittle |
| have a way to | menjonarğa madarım joqduI have no way to whittle | senjonarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to whittle | oljonarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to whittle | bizjonarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to whittle | sizjonarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to whittle | alajonarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to whittle |
| be free to | menjonarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to whittle | senjonarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to whittle | oljonarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to whittle | bizjonarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to whittle | sizjonarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to whittle | alajonarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to whittle |
| be free to | menjonarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to whittle | senjonarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to whittle | oljonarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to whittle | bizjonarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to whittle | sizjonarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to whittle | alajonarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to whittle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jonarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to whittle | sensenŋe jonarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to whittle | olaŋa jonarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to whittle | bizbizge jonarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to whittle | sizsizge jonarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to whittle | alaalağa jonarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to whittle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to whittle | sensenŋe jonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to whittle | olaŋa jonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to whittle | bizbizge jonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to whittle | sizsizge jonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to whittle | alaalağa jonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to whittle |
| be ready to | menjonarğa hazırmaI am ready to whittle | senjonarğa hazırsayou are ready to whittle | oljonarğa hazırdıhe is ready to whittle | bizjonarğa hazırbızwe are ready to whittle | sizjonarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to whittle | alajonarğa hazırdılathey are ready to whittle |
| be ready to | menjonarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to whittle | senjonarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to whittle | oljonarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to whittle | bizjonarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to whittle | sizjonarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to whittle | alajonarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to whittle |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjonarğa küreşemeI am trying to whittle | senjonarğa küreşeseyou are trying to whittle | oljonarğa küreşedihe is trying to whittle | bizjonarğa küreşebizwe are trying to whittle | sizjonarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to whittle | alajonarğa küreşedilethey are trying to whittle |
| try to | menjonarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to whittle | senjonarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to whittle | oljonarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to whittle | bizjonarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to whittle | sizjonarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to whittle | alajonarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to whittle |
| agree to | menjonarğa unaymaI agree to whittle | senjonarğa unaysayou agree to whittle | oljonarğa unaydıhe agrees to whittle | bizjonarğa unaybızwe agree to whittle | sizjonarğa unaysızyou all agree to whittle | alajonarğa unaydılathey agree to whittle |
| agree to | menjonarğa unamaymaI refuse to whittle | senjonarğa unamaysayou refuse to whittle | oljonarğa unamaydıhe refuses to whittle | bizjonarğa unamaybızwe refuse to whittle | sizjonarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to whittle | alajonarğa unamaydılathey refuse to whittle |
| hurry to | menjonarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to whittle | senjonarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to whittle | oljonarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to whittle | bizjonarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to whittle | sizjonarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to whittle | alajonarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to whittle |
| hurry to | menjonarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to whittle | senjonarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to whittle | oljonarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to whittle | bizjonarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to whittle | sizjonarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to whittle | alajonarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to whittle |
| be afraid to | menjonarğa qorqamaI am afraid to whittle | senjonarğa qorqasayou are afraid to whittle | oljonarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to whittle | bizjonarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to whittle | sizjonarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to whittle | alajonarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to whittle |
| be afraid to | menjonarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to whittle | senjonarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to whittle | oljonarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to whittle | bizjonarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to whittle | sizjonarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to whittle | alajonarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to whittle |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjona bolmazmaI can't be whittling | senjona bolmazsayou can't be whittling | oljona bolmazhe can't be whittling | bizjona bolmazbızwe can't be whittling | sizjona bolmazsızyou all can't be whittling | alajona bolmazlathey can't be whittling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjonmay bolmazmaI must be whittling (emphatic) | senjonmay bolmazsayou must be whittling (emphatic) | oljonmay bolmazhe must be whittling (emphatic) | bizjonmay bolmazbızwe must be whittling (emphatic) | sizjonmay bolmazsızyou all must be whittling (emphatic) | alajonmay bolmazlathey must be whittling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjona turmasamif I don't keep whittling | senjona turmasaŋif you don't keep whittling | oljona turmasaif he doesn't keep whittling | bizjona turmasaqif we don't keep whittling | sizjona turmasağızif you all don't keep whittling | alajona turmasalaif they don't keep whittling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjona tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of whittling | senjona tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of whittling | oljona tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of whittling | bizjona tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of whittling | sizjona tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of whittling | alajona tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of whittling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjonmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not whittling (emphatic) | senjonmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not whittling (emphatic) | oljonmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not whittling (emphatic) | bizjonmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not whittling (emphatic) | sizjonmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not whittling (emphatic) | alajonmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not whittling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjonmay turamaI keep on not whittling | senjonmay turasayou keep on not whittling | oljonmay turadıhe keeps on not whittling | bizjonmay turabızwe keep on not whittling | sizjonmay turasızyou all keep on not whittling | alajonmay turadılathey keep on not whittling |
| Progressive — double negation | menjonmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not whittling | senjonmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not whittling | oljonmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not whittling | bizjonmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not whittling | sizjonmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not whittling | alajonmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not whittling |
| Progressive — double negation | menjonmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not whittling? | senjonmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not whittling? | oljonmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not whittling? | bizjonmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not whittling? | sizjonmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not whittling? | alajonmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not whittling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjonŋan bolmazmaI can't have whittled | senjonŋan bolmazsayou can't have whittled | oljonŋan bolmazhe can't have whittled | bizjonŋan bolmazbızwe can't have whittled | sizjonŋan bolmazsızyou all can't have whittled | alajonŋan bolmazlathey can't have whittled |
| Inference — double negation | menjonmağan bolmazmaI must have whittled (emphatic) | senjonmağan bolmazsayou must have whittled (emphatic) | oljonmağan bolmazhe must have whittled (emphatic) | bizjonmağan bolmazbızwe must have whittled (emphatic) | sizjonmağan bolmazsızyou all must have whittled (emphatic) | alajonmağan bolmazlathey must have whittled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjonŋan bolmasamif it weren't that I had whittled | senjonŋan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had whittled | oljonŋan bolmasaif it weren't that he had whittled | bizjonŋan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had whittled | sizjonŋan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had whittled | alajonŋan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had whittled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjonmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't whittled | senjonmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't whittled | oljonmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't whittled | bizjonmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't whittled | sizjonmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't whittled | alajonmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't whittled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjonarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to whittle | senjonarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to whittle | oljonarıq bolmazhe can't be going to whittle | bizjonarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to whittle | sizjonarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to whittle | alajonarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to whittle |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjonmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to whittle (emphatic) | senjonmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to whittle (emphatic) | oljonmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to whittle (emphatic) | bizjonmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to whittle (emphatic) | sizjonmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to whittle (emphatic) | alajonmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to whittle (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjonarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to whittle | senjonarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to whittle | oljonarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to whittle | bizjonarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to whittle | sizjonarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to whittle | alajonarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to whittle |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjonmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to whittle | senjonmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to whittle | oljonmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to whittle | bizjonmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to whittle | sizjonmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to whittle | alajonmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to whittle |