jaŋız
/dʒaŋɯz/ · plural jaŋızla
1. alone, solitary, by oneself
- sabiy jaŋız qalğandı — the child was left alone
- ol jaŋız jaşaydı — he lives alone
- jaŋız kesi — by himself alone
- jaŋız üy — a solitary house
- jaŋız qoynu börü aşar — the wolf eats the lone sheep
- jaŋız adam — a solitary person
2. only, sole, single
- jaŋız jaş — an only son
- jaŋız sabiy — an only child
- jaŋız balam — my only child
- jaŋız bir amal — the sole means
- jaŋız bala erke bolur — an only child grows up spoiled
- jaŋız taşdan qala bolmaz — a single stone does not make a fortress
3. merely, only, just — It stands before the word or phrase it limits.
- jaŋız eki jılğa tamadasa menden — you are only two years older than me
- aŋa jaŋız eki kere tübegenme — I met him only twice
- jaŋız ol qalğan edi — that was all we needed
- jaŋız eki jılğa tamadasa — you are only two years older
- jaŋız oldu — that is all
4. lonely, without family or close relatives
- jaŋız qart — an old man with no family
- jaŋız tişirıw — a woman with no family
- jaŋız qalğan qart — an old man left without relatives
- jaŋıznı otu jarıq janmaz — a lonely person's fire does not burn bright
5. once, a single time — In a negative sentence with an emphatic particle it means not even once.
- anı jaŋız da körmegenme — I have not seen him even once
- jaŋız da barmağanma — I have not gone even once
6. unmarried (of a man)
- jaŋız erkişi — an unmarried man
- qarnaşım jaŋızdı — my brother is unmarried
- jaŋız erkişige tübedim — I met an unmarried man
7. solo dance, Islamey, Lezginka — A fast dance performed by one person.
- jaŋızğa barırğa — to dance the Islamey
- jaŋızğa ierge — to send someone out to dance the Islamey
- jaŋızğa bardırırğa — to make someone dance the Islamey
- jaŋızğa barıb başladı — began to dance the Islamey
- qobuzçu jaŋıznı soqdu — the accordionist played the Islamey
Expressions
- jawbermezni jaŋız tekesinley — one's only treasure; known to everyone
As an adjective
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | jaŋızmaI am alone | jaŋızsayou are alone | jaŋızdıhe is alone | jaŋızbızwe are alone | jaŋızsızyou all are alone | jaŋızdılathey are alone |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden jaŋızdı — "compared to me, he is alone."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki jaŋızdımine is alone | seniki jaŋızdıyours is alone | anıqı jaŋızdıhis is alone | bizniki jaŋızdıours is alone | sizniki jaŋızdıyours (pl.) is alone | alanıqı jaŋızdıtheirs is alone |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile jaŋızdılamine are alone | senikile jaŋızdılayours are alone | anıqıla jaŋızdılahis are alone | biznikile jaŋızdılaours are alone | siznikile jaŋızdılayours (pl.) are alone | alanıqıla jaŋızdılatheirs are alone |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu jaŋızdı, bıla jaŋızdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jaŋızthe solo dance | jaŋızımmy solo dance | jaŋızıŋyour solo dance | jaŋızıhis solo dance | jaŋızıbızour solo dance | jaŋızığızyou all's solo dance | jaŋızlarıtheir solo dances |
| Genitive | jaŋıznıthe solo dance's | jaŋızımımy solo dance's | jaŋızıŋıyour solo dance's | jaŋızınıhis solo dance's | jaŋızıbıznıour solo dance's | jaŋızığıznıyou all's solo dance's | jaŋızlarınıtheir solo dances' |
| Accusative | jaŋıznıthe solo dance (as the object) | jaŋızımımy solo dance (as the object) | jaŋızıŋıyour solo dance (as the object) | jaŋızınhis solo dance (as the object) | jaŋızıbıznıour solo dance (as the object) | jaŋızığıznıyou all's solo dance (as the object) | jaŋızlarıntheir solo dances (as the object) |
| Dative | jaŋızğato the solo dance | jaŋızımato my solo dance | jaŋızıŋato your solo dance | jaŋızınato his solo dance | jaŋızıbızğato our solo dance | jaŋızığızğato you all's solo dance | jaŋızlarınato their solo dances |
| Locative | jaŋızdain / at the solo dance | jaŋızımdain / at my solo dance | jaŋızıŋdain / at your solo dance | jaŋızındain / at his solo dance | jaŋızıbızdain / at our solo dance | jaŋızığızdain / at you all's solo dance | jaŋızlarındain / at their solo dances |
| Ablative | jaŋızdanfrom the solo dance | jaŋızımdanfrom my solo dance | jaŋızıŋdanfrom your solo dance | jaŋızındanfrom his solo dance | jaŋızıbızdanfrom our solo dance | jaŋızığızdanfrom you all's solo dance | jaŋızlarındanfrom their solo dances |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jaŋızlathe solo dances | jaŋızlarımmy solo dances | jaŋızlarıŋyour solo dances | jaŋızlarıhis solo dances | jaŋızlarıbızour solo dances | jaŋızlarığızyou all's solo dances | jaŋızlarıtheir solo dances |
| Genitive | jaŋızlanıthe solo dances' | jaŋızlarımımy solo dances' | jaŋızlarıŋıyour solo dances' | jaŋızlarınıhis solo dances' | jaŋızlarıbıznıour solo dances' | jaŋızlarığıznıyou all's solo dances' | jaŋızlarınıtheir solo dances' |
| Accusative | jaŋızlanıthe solo dances (as the object) | jaŋızlarımımy solo dances (as the object) | jaŋızlarıŋıyour solo dances (as the object) | jaŋızlarınhis solo dances (as the object) | jaŋızlarıbıznıour solo dances (as the object) | jaŋızlarığıznıyou all's solo dances (as the object) | jaŋızlarıntheir solo dances (as the object) |
| Dative | jaŋızlağato the solo dances | jaŋızlarımato my solo dances | jaŋızlarıŋato your solo dances | jaŋızlarınato his solo dances | jaŋızlarıbızğato our solo dances | jaŋızlarığızğato you all's solo dances | jaŋızlarınato their solo dances |
| Locative | jaŋızladain / at the solo dances | jaŋızlarımdain / at my solo dances | jaŋızlarıŋdain / at your solo dances | jaŋızlarındain / at his solo dances | jaŋızlarıbızdain / at our solo dances | jaŋızlarığızdain / at you all's solo dances | jaŋızlarındain / at their solo dances |
| Ablative | jaŋızladanfrom the solo dances | jaŋızlarımdanfrom my solo dances | jaŋızlarıŋdanfrom your solo dances | jaŋızlarındanfrom his solo dances | jaŋızlarıbızdanfrom our solo dances | jaŋızlarığızdanfrom you all's solo dances | jaŋızlarındanfrom their solo dances |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jaŋızları can mean "his / her solo dances", "their solo dance", or "their solo dances" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.