qazaq
/qazaq/ · plural qazaqla
1. Cossack — A member of the Cossack communities of the Don, Kuban, Orenburg and other former military regions of Russia. Before another noun it means Cossack, as in qazaq qılıç "Cossack saber".
- qazaq qılıç — a Cossack saber
- qazaq tişirıw — a Cossack woman
- qazaqla elleni talağan edile — the Cossacks had plundered the villages
- qazaq atlı jol boyunda köründü — the Cossack horseman appeared along the road
- qazaq qılıçın jiti tutar — a Cossack keeps his saber sharp
- Qaraçay bla qazaq — a Karachay and a Cossack
2. lone, solitary, unaccompanied — Said of a person or an animal that lives or moves apart from others, as in qazaq börü "lone wolf".
- qazaq börü — a lone wolf
- qazaq qoş — a lone herders' camp
- qazaq üynü allında — in front of a lone house
- er kişi jolda qazaq qaldı — the man remained alone on the road
- qazaq jaşaw — a solitary life
3. household slave, bondsman — Historically a captive with no family of his own who served in his master's house. Compare qul.
- biyni qazaqları — the lord's household slaves
- çağarla bla qazaqla — chagars and household slaves
- qazaq biyge qulluq etgendi — the household slave served the lord
- eski zamanda qazaqla bolğandıla — in the old days there were household slaves
Expressions
- qazaq keterge — leave one's husband
- qazaq börü — lone animal; loner
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qazaqthe Cossack | qazağımmy Cossack | qazağıŋyour Cossack | qazağıhis Cossack | qazağıbızour Cossack | qazağığızyou all's Cossack | qazaqlarıtheir Cossacks |
| Genitive | qazaqnıthe Cossack's | qazağımımy Cossack's | qazağıŋıyour Cossack's | qazağınıhis Cossack's | qazağıbıznıour Cossack's | qazağığıznıyou all's Cossack's | qazaqlarınıtheir Cossacks' |
| Accusative | qazaqnıthe Cossack (as the object) | qazağımımy Cossack (as the object) | qazağıŋıyour Cossack (as the object) | qazağınhis Cossack (as the object) | qazağıbıznıour Cossack (as the object) | qazağığıznıyou all's Cossack (as the object) | qazaqlarıntheir Cossacks (as the object) |
| Dative | qazaqğato the Cossack | qazağımato my Cossack | qazağıŋato your Cossack | qazağınato his Cossack | qazağıbızğato our Cossack | qazağığızğato you all's Cossack | qazaqlarınato their Cossacks |
| Locative | qazaqdain / at the Cossack | qazağımdain / at my Cossack | qazağıŋdain / at your Cossack | qazağındain / at his Cossack | qazağıbızdain / at our Cossack | qazağığızdain / at you all's Cossack | qazaqlarındain / at their Cossacks |
| Ablative | qazaqdanfrom the Cossack | qazağımdanfrom my Cossack | qazağıŋdanfrom your Cossack | qazağındanfrom his Cossack | qazağıbızdanfrom our Cossack | qazağığızdanfrom you all's Cossack | qazaqlarındanfrom their Cossacks |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qazaqlathe Cossacks | qazaqlarımmy Cossacks | qazaqlarıŋyour Cossacks | qazaqlarıhis Cossacks | qazaqlarıbızour Cossacks | qazaqlarığızyou all's Cossacks | qazaqlarıtheir Cossacks |
| Genitive | qazaqlanıthe Cossacks' | qazaqlarımımy Cossacks' | qazaqlarıŋıyour Cossacks' | qazaqlarınıhis Cossacks' | qazaqlarıbıznıour Cossacks' | qazaqlarığıznıyou all's Cossacks' | qazaqlarınıtheir Cossacks' |
| Accusative | qazaqlanıthe Cossacks (as the object) | qazaqlarımımy Cossacks (as the object) | qazaqlarıŋıyour Cossacks (as the object) | qazaqlarınhis Cossacks (as the object) | qazaqlarıbıznıour Cossacks (as the object) | qazaqlarığıznıyou all's Cossacks (as the object) | qazaqlarıntheir Cossacks (as the object) |
| Dative | qazaqlağato the Cossacks | qazaqlarımato my Cossacks | qazaqlarıŋato your Cossacks | qazaqlarınato his Cossacks | qazaqlarıbızğato our Cossacks | qazaqlarığızğato you all's Cossacks | qazaqlarınato their Cossacks |
| Locative | qazaqladain / at the Cossacks | qazaqlarımdain / at my Cossacks | qazaqlarıŋdain / at your Cossacks | qazaqlarındain / at his Cossacks | qazaqlarıbızdain / at our Cossacks | qazaqlarığızdain / at you all's Cossacks | qazaqlarındain / at their Cossacks |
| Ablative | qazaqladanfrom the Cossacks | qazaqlarımdanfrom my Cossacks | qazaqlarıŋdanfrom your Cossacks | qazaqlarındanfrom his Cossacks | qazaqlarıbızdanfrom our Cossacks | qazaqlarığızdanfrom you all's Cossacks | qazaqlarındanfrom their Cossacks |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qazaqları can mean "his / her Cossacks", "their Cossack", or "their Cossacks" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qazaqnıqıthe Cossack's one | qazaqnıqılathe Cossack's ones | qazaqlanıqıthe Cossacks' one | qazaqlanıqılathe Cossacks' ones |
| Genitive | qazaqnıqınıof the Cossack's one | qazaqnıqılanıof the Cossack's ones | qazaqlanıqınıof the Cossacks' one | qazaqlanıqılanıof the Cossacks' ones |
| Accusative | qazaqnıqınthe Cossack's one (as the object) | qazaqnıqılanıthe Cossack's ones (as the object) | qazaqlanıqınthe Cossacks' one (as the object) | qazaqlanıqılanıthe Cossacks' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | qazaqnıqınato the Cossack's one | qazaqnıqılağato the Cossack's ones | qazaqlanıqınato the Cossacks' one | qazaqlanıqılağato the Cossacks' ones |
| Locative | qazaqnıqındain / at the Cossack's one | qazaqnıqıladain / at the Cossack's ones | qazaqlanıqındain / at the Cossacks' one | qazaqlanıqıladain / at the Cossacks' ones |
| Ablative | qazaqnıqındanfrom the Cossack's one | qazaqnıqıladanfrom the Cossack's ones | qazaqlanıqındanfrom the Cossacks' one | qazaqlanıqıladanfrom the Cossacks' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | qazaqmaI am lone | qazaqsayou are lone | qazaqdıhe is lone | qazaqbızwe are lone | qazaqsızyou all are lone | qazaqdılathey are lone |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden qazaqdı — "compared to me, he is lone."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki qazaqdımine is lone | seniki qazaqdıyours is lone | anıqı qazaqdıhis is lone | bizniki qazaqdıours is lone | sizniki qazaqdıyours (pl.) is lone | alanıqı qazaqdıtheirs is lone |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile qazaqdılamine are lone | senikile qazaqdılayours are lone | anıqıla qazaqdılahis are lone | biznikile qazaqdılaours are lone | siznikile qazaqdılayours (pl.) are lone | alanıqıla qazaqdılatheirs are lone |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qazaqdı, bıla qazaqdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".