jaw
/dʒaw/ · plural jawla
1. butter, cooking oil — Before another noun it means oily, greasy: jaw tamğa grease stain, jaw qolla greasy hands.
- aq jaw — butter
- jaw çayqarğa — to churn butter
- çöplew jaw — sunflower oil
- qaynağan jaw — clarified butter
- gırjınğa jaw salama — I put butter on the bread
- jaw suwğa qatışmaz — oil will not mix with water
2. fat, tallow
- quyruq jaw — tail fat
- iç jaw — suet
- jaw çıraq — tallow candle
3. enemy, foe — Before another noun it means hostile, enemy: jaw asker enemy army, jaw ideologiya hostile ideology.
- qanlı jaw — a cruel enemy
- jaw asker — an enemy army
- men anı bla jawma — I am on bad terms with him
- jaw bolurğa — to become enemies, to fall out
- jawun körse, jılan da jıyırıladı — seeing its enemy, even a snake draws itself up
- jawnu ayağan kesi ölür — whoever spares an enemy will die himself
4. lubricant, lubricating oil or grease — Also used for shoe cream or polish: çuruq jaw; arba jaw is axle grease.
- arba jaw — axle grease, tar
- maşina jaw — machine oil
- çuruq jaw — shoe polish
- sürtülgen jaw — lubricating grease
5. sweat
- jawumu çığardıŋ — you made me sweat
Expressions
- danaqay jaw aşamaydı — mocking taunt
- jaw jaqğança bolurğa — be all kindness
- jaw tımmılla eterge — final memorial offering
- jaw ülüşge alırğa — treat as enemy
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jawthe butter | jawummy butter | jawuŋyour butter | jawuhis butter | jawubuzour butter | jawuğuzyou all's butter | jawlarıtheir butter |
| Genitive | jawnuthe butter's | jawumumy butter's | jawuŋuyour butter's | jawunuhis butter's | jawubuznuour butter's | jawuğuznuyou all's butter's | jawlarınıtheir butter's |
| Accusative | jawnuthe butter (as the object) | jawumumy butter (as the object) | jawuŋuyour butter (as the object) | jawunhis butter (as the object) | jawubuznuour butter (as the object) | jawuğuznuyou all's butter (as the object) | jawlarıntheir butter (as the object) |
| Dative | jawğato the butter | jawumato my butter | jawuŋato your butter | jawunato his butter | jawubuzğato our butter | jawuğuzğato you all's butter | jawlarınato their butter |
| Locative | jawdain / at the butter | jawumdain / at my butter | jawuŋdain / at your butter | jawundain / at his butter | jawubuzdain / at our butter | jawuğuzdain / at you all's butter | jawlarındain / at their butter |
| Ablative | jawdanfrom the butter | jawumdanfrom my butter | jawuŋdanfrom your butter | jawundanfrom his butter | jawubuzdanfrom our butter | jawuğuzdanfrom you all's butter | jawlarındanfrom their butter |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jawlathe butter | jawlarımmy butter | jawlarıŋyour butter | jawlarıhis butter | jawlarıbızour butter | jawlarığızyou all's butter | jawlarıtheir butter |
| Genitive | jawlanıthe butter's | jawlarımımy butter's | jawlarıŋıyour butter's | jawlarınıhis butter's | jawlarıbıznıour butter's | jawlarığıznıyou all's butter's | jawlarınıtheir butter's |
| Accusative | jawlanıthe butter (as the object) | jawlarımımy butter (as the object) | jawlarıŋıyour butter (as the object) | jawlarınhis butter (as the object) | jawlarıbıznıour butter (as the object) | jawlarığıznıyou all's butter (as the object) | jawlarıntheir butter (as the object) |
| Dative | jawlağato the butter | jawlarımato my butter | jawlarıŋato your butter | jawlarınato his butter | jawlarıbızğato our butter | jawlarığızğato you all's butter | jawlarınato their butter |
| Locative | jawladain / at the butter | jawlarımdain / at my butter | jawlarıŋdain / at your butter | jawlarındain / at his butter | jawlarıbızdain / at our butter | jawlarığızdain / at you all's butter | jawlarındain / at their butter |
| Ablative | jawladanfrom the butter | jawlarımdanfrom my butter | jawlarıŋdanfrom your butter | jawlarındanfrom his butter | jawlarıbızdanfrom our butter | jawlarığızdanfrom you all's butter | jawlarındanfrom their butter |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jawları can mean "his / her butter", "their butter", or "their butter" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jawnuquthe butter's one | jawnuqulathe butter's ones | jawlanıqıthe butter's one | jawlanıqılathe butter's ones |
| Genitive | jawnuqunuof the butter's one | jawnuqulanıof the butter's ones | jawlanıqınıof the butter's one | jawlanıqılanıof the butter's ones |
| Accusative | jawnuqunthe butter's one (as the object) | jawnuqulanıthe butter's ones (as the object) | jawlanıqınthe butter's one (as the object) | jawlanıqılanıthe butter's ones (as the object) |
| Dative | jawnuqunato the butter's one | jawnuqulağato the butter's ones | jawlanıqınato the butter's one | jawlanıqılağato the butter's ones |
| Locative | jawnuqundain / at the butter's one | jawnuquladain / at the butter's ones | jawlanıqındain / at the butter's one | jawlanıqıladain / at the butter's ones |
| Ablative | jawnuqundanfrom the butter's one | jawnuquladanfrom the butter's ones | jawlanıqındanfrom the butter's one | jawlanıqıladanfrom the butter's ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.