jaqlarğa
/dʒaqlarʁa/
1. defend, protect, stand up for someone or something
- kesiŋi jaqlarğa — to defend yourself
- atam meni jaqladı — my father stood up for me
- elni işin er jaqlar — a man stands up for the people's cause
- oŋsuznu jaqlağan — who stands up for the helpless
- jarlını jaqlarğa adam joq — there is no one to stand up for the poor man
- sabiyni jaqlarğa — to stand up for the child
- tınçlıqnı jaqlarğa — to stand up for peace
- bek jaqlarğa — to stand firmly behind someone
2. defend a thesis, uphold a claim or argument one source
- ol işin jaqladı — he defended his work
- sen işiŋi jaqlarsa — you will defend your work
- men oyumumu jaqlayma — I defend my opinion
3. cover for someone, shield someone from blame
- birewnü jaqlarğa — to cover for someone
Conjugation
Common forms
- jaqlaydıhe is defending
- jaqladıhe defended
- jaqlağandıhe has defended
- jaqlarhe will defend
- jaqlarıqdıhe is going to defend
- jaqlay edihe was defending
- jaqlasaif he defends
- jaqla!defend!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaqlaymaI am defending | senjaqlaysayou are defending | oljaqlaydıhe is defending | bizjaqlaybızwe are defending | sizjaqlaysızyou all are defending | alajaqlaydılathey are defending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaqlamaymaI am not defending | senjaqlamaysayou are not defending | oljaqlamaydıhe is not defending | bizjaqlamaybızwe are not defending | sizjaqlamaysızyou all are not defending | alajaqlamaydılathey are not defending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaqlaymamı? jaqlaymıma?am I defending? | senjaqlaymısa?are you defending? | oljaqlaymıdı?is he defending? | bizjaqlaybızmı? jaqlaymıbız?are we defending? | sizjaqlaymısız?are you all defending? | alajaqlaymıdıla?are they defending? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjaqlamaymamı? jaqlamaymıma?aren't I defending? | senjaqlamaymısa?aren't you defending? | oljaqlamaymıdı?isn't he defending? | bizjaqlamaybızmı? jaqlamaymıbız?aren't we defending? | sizjaqlamaymısız?aren't you all defending? | alajaqlamaymıdıla?aren't they defending? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaqlawçanmaI usually defend | senjaqlawçansayou usually defend | oljaqlawçandıhe usually defends | bizjaqlawçanbızwe usually defend | sizjaqlawçansızyou all usually defend | alajaqlawçandılathey usually defend |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaqlamawçanmaI usually don't defend | senjaqlamawçansayou usually don't defend | oljaqlamawçandıhe usually doesn't defend | bizjaqlamawçanbızwe usually don't defend | sizjaqlamawçansızyou all usually don't defend | alajaqlamawçandılathey usually don't defend |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaqlawçanmamı? jaqlawçanmıma?do I usually defend? | senjaqlawçanmısa?do you usually defend? | oljaqlawçanmıdı?does he usually defend? | bizjaqlawçanbızmı? jaqlawçanmıbız?do we usually defend? | sizjaqlawçanmısız?do you all usually defend? | alajaqlawçanmıdıla?do they usually defend? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjaqlamawçanmamı? jaqlamawçanmıma?do I usually not defend? | senjaqlamawçanmısa?do you usually not defend? | oljaqlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not defend? | bizjaqlamawçanbızmı? jaqlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not defend? | sizjaqlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not defend? | alajaqlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not defend? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaqlabdıhe has defended and remains so | alajaqlabdılathey have defended and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljaqlabmıdı?has he defended? | alajaqlabmıdıla?have they defended? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaqlab turamaI keep defending | senjaqlab turasayou keep defending | oljaqlab turadıhe keeps defending | bizjaqlab turabızwe keep defending | sizjaqlab turasızyou all keep defending | alajaqlab turadılathey keep defending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaqlab turmaymaI don't keep defending | senjaqlab turmaysayou don't keep defending | oljaqlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep defending | bizjaqlab turmaybızwe don't keep defending | sizjaqlab turmaysızyou all don't keep defending | alajaqlab turmaydılathey don't keep defending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaqlab turamamı? jaqlab turamıma?do I keep defending? | senjaqlab turamısa?do you keep defending? | oljaqlab turamıdı?does he keep defending? | bizjaqlab turabızmı? jaqlab turamıbız?do we keep defending? | sizjaqlab turamısız?do you all keep defending? | alajaqlab turamıdıla?do they keep defending? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjaqlab turmaymamı? jaqlab turmaymıma?don't I keep defending? | senjaqlab turmaymısa?don't you keep defending? | oljaqlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep defending? | bizjaqlab turmaybızmı? jaqlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep defending? | sizjaqlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep defending? | alajaqlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep defending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaqlay turamaI am in the middle of defending | senjaqlay turasayou are in the middle of defending | oljaqlay turadıhe is in the middle of defending | bizjaqlay turabızwe are in the middle of defending | sizjaqlay turasızyou all are in the middle of defending | alajaqlay turadılathey are in the middle of defending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaqlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of defending | senjaqlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of defending | oljaqlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of defending | bizjaqlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of defending | sizjaqlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of defending | alajaqlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of defending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaqlay turamamı? jaqlay turamıma?am I in the middle of defending? | senjaqlay turamısa?are you in the middle of defending? | oljaqlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of defending? | bizjaqlay turabızmı? jaqlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of defending? | sizjaqlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of defending? | alajaqlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of defending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjaqlay turmaymamı? jaqlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of defending? | senjaqlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of defending? | oljaqlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of defending? | bizjaqlay turmaybızmı? jaqlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of defending? | sizjaqlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of defending? | alajaqlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of defending? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaqladımI defended | senjaqladıŋyou defended | oljaqladıhe defended | bizjaqladıqwe defended | sizjaqladığızyou all defended | alajaqladılathey defended |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaqlamadımI didn't defend | senjaqlamadıŋyou didn't defend | oljaqlamadıhe didn't defend | bizjaqlamadıqwe didn't defend | sizjaqlamadığızyou all didn't defend | alajaqlamadılathey didn't defend |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaqladımmı?did I defend? | senjaqladıŋmı?did you defend? | oljaqladımı?did he defend? | bizjaqladıqmı?did we defend? | sizjaqladığızmı?did you all defend? | alajaqladılamı?did they defend? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjaqlamadımmı?didn't I defend? | senjaqlamadıŋmı?didn't you defend? | oljaqlamadımı?didn't he defend? | bizjaqlamadıqmı?didn't we defend? | sizjaqlamadığızmı?didn't you all defend? | alajaqlamadılamı?didn't they defend? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaqlağanmaI have defended | senjaqlağansayou have defended | oljaqlağandıhe has defended | bizjaqlağanbızwe have defended | sizjaqlağansızyou all have defended | alajaqlağandılathey have defended |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaqlamağanmaI haven't defended | senjaqlamağansayou haven't defended | oljaqlamağandıhe hasn't defended | bizjaqlamağanbızwe haven't defended | sizjaqlamağansızyou all haven't defended | alajaqlamağandılathey haven't defended |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaqlağanmamı? jaqlağanmıma?have I defended? | senjaqlağanmısa?have you defended? | oljaqlağanmıdı?has he defended? | bizjaqlağanbızmı? jaqlağanmıbız?have we defended? | sizjaqlağanmısız?have you all defended? | alajaqlağanmıdıla?have they defended? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjaqlamağanmamı? jaqlamağanmıma?haven't I defended? | senjaqlamağanmısa?haven't you defended? | oljaqlamağanmıdı?hasn't he defended? | bizjaqlamağanbızmı? jaqlamağanmıbız?haven't we defended? | sizjaqlamağanmısız?haven't you all defended? | alajaqlamağanmıdıla?haven't they defended? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaqlab turdumI kept defending | senjaqlab turduŋyou kept defending | oljaqlab turduhe kept defending | bizjaqlab turduqwe kept defending | sizjaqlab turduğuzyou all kept defending | alajaqlab turdulathey kept defending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjaqlab turmadımI didn't keep defending | senjaqlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep defending | oljaqlab turmadıhe didn't keep defending | bizjaqlab turmadıqwe didn't keep defending | sizjaqlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep defending | alajaqlab turmadılathey didn't keep defending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaqlarmaI will defend | senjaqlarsayou will defend | oljaqlarhe will defend | bizjaqlarbızwe will defend | sizjaqlarsızyou all will defend | alajaqlarlathey will defend |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaqlamazmaI won't defend | senjaqlamazsayou won't defend | oljaqlamazhe won't defend | bizjaqlamazbızwe won't defend | sizjaqlamazsızyou all won't defend | alajaqlamazlathey won't defend |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaqlarmamı? jaqlarmıma?will I defend? | senjaqlarmısa?will you defend? | oljaqlarmı?will he defend? | bizjaqlarbızmı? jaqlarmıbız?will we defend? | sizjaqlarmısız?will you all defend? | alajaqlarlamı? jaqlarmıla?will they defend? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjaqlamazmamı? jaqlamazmıma?won't I defend? | senjaqlamazmısa?won't you defend? | oljaqlamazmı?won't he defend? | bizjaqlamazbızmı? jaqlamazmıbız?won't we defend? | sizjaqlamazmısız?won't you all defend? | alajaqlamazlamı? jaqlamazmıla?won't they defend? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaqlarıqmaI am going to defend | senjaqlarıqsayou are going to defend | oljaqlarıqdıhe is going to defend | bizjaqlarıqbızwe are going to defend | sizjaqlarıqsızyou all are going to defend | alajaqlarıqdılathey are going to defend |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaqlarıq tülmeI am not going to defend | senjaqlarıq tülseyou are not going to defend | oljaqlarıq tüldühe is not going to defend | bizjaqlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to defend | sizjaqlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to defend | alajaqlarıq tüldülethey are not going to defend |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaqlarıqmamı? jaqlarıqmıma?am I going to defend? | senjaqlarıqmısa?are you going to defend? | oljaqlarıqmıdı?is he going to defend? | bizjaqlarıqbızmı? jaqlarıqmıbız?are we going to defend? | sizjaqlarıqmısız?are you all going to defend? | alajaqlarıqmıdıla?are they going to defend? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjaqlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to defend? | senjaqlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to defend? | oljaqlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to defend? | bizjaqlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to defend? | sizjaqlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to defend? | alajaqlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to defend? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaqlağan edimjaqlağanemI had defended | senjaqlağan ediŋjaqlağaneŋyou had defended | oljaqlağan edijaqlağanedhe had defended | bizjaqlağan edikjaqlağanekwe had defended | sizjaqlağan edigizjaqlağanegizyou all had defended | alajaqlağan edilejaqlağanellethey had defended |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjaqlamağan edimjaqlamağanemI hadn't defended | senjaqlamağan ediŋjaqlamağaneŋyou hadn't defended | oljaqlamağan edijaqlamağanedhe hadn't defended | bizjaqlamağan edikjaqlamağanekwe hadn't defended | sizjaqlamağan edigizjaqlamağanegizyou all hadn't defended | alajaqlamağan edilejaqlamağanellethey hadn't defended |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaqlay edimjaqlayemI was defending | senjaqlay ediŋjaqlayeŋyou were defending | oljaqlay edijaqlayedhe was defending | bizjaqlay edikjaqlayekwe were defending | sizjaqlay edigizjaqlayegizyou all were defending | alajaqlay edilejaqlayellethey were defending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjaqlamay edimjaqlamayemI wasn't defending | senjaqlamay ediŋjaqlamayeŋyou weren't defending | oljaqlamay edijaqlamayedhe wasn't defending | bizjaqlamay edikjaqlamayekwe weren't defending | sizjaqlamay edigizjaqlamayegizyou all weren't defending | alajaqlamay edilejaqlamayellethey weren't defending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaqlawçan edimjaqlawçanemI used to defend | senjaqlawçan ediŋjaqlawçaneŋyou used to defend | oljaqlawçan edijaqlawçanedhe used to defend | bizjaqlawçan edikjaqlawçanekwe used to defend | sizjaqlawçan edigizjaqlawçanegizyou all used to defend | alajaqlawçan edilejaqlawçanellethey used to defend |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjaqlamawçan edimjaqlamawçanemI didn't use to defend | senjaqlamawçan ediŋjaqlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to defend | oljaqlamawçan edijaqlamawçanedhe didn't use to defend | bizjaqlamawçan edikjaqlamawçanekwe didn't use to defend | sizjaqlamawçan edigizjaqlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to defend | alajaqlamawçan edilejaqlamawçanellethey didn't use to defend |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaqlab edihe had defended and remained so | alajaqlab edilethey had defended and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljaqlab tül edihe hadn't defended | alajaqlab tül edilethey hadn't defended | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaqlab tura edimjaqlab turaemI had kept defending | senjaqlab tura ediŋjaqlab turaeŋyou had kept defending | oljaqlab tura edijaqlab turaedhe had kept defending | bizjaqlab tura edikjaqlab turaekwe had kept defending | sizjaqlab tura edigizjaqlab turaegizyou all had kept defending | alajaqlab tura edilejaqlab turaellethey had kept defending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjaqlab turmay edimjaqlab turmayemI hadn't kept defending | senjaqlab turmay ediŋjaqlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept defending | oljaqlab turmay edijaqlab turmayedhe hadn't kept defending | bizjaqlab turmay edikjaqlab turmayekwe hadn't kept defending | sizjaqlab turmay edigizjaqlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept defending | alajaqlab turmay edilejaqlab turmayellethey hadn't kept defending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaqlay tura edimjaqlay turaemI was in the middle of defending | senjaqlay tura ediŋjaqlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of defending | oljaqlay tura edijaqlay turaedhe was in the middle of defending | bizjaqlay tura edikjaqlay turaekwe were in the middle of defending | sizjaqlay tura edigizjaqlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of defending | alajaqlay tura edilejaqlay turaellethey were in the middle of defending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjaqlay turmay edimjaqlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of defending | senjaqlay turmay ediŋjaqlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of defending | oljaqlay turmay edijaqlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of defending | bizjaqlay turmay edikjaqlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of defending | sizjaqlay turmay edigizjaqlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of defending | alajaqlay turmay edilejaqlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of defending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjaqlar edimjaqlar emI would defend | senjaqlar ediŋjaqlar eŋyou would defend | oljaqlar edijaqlar edhe would defend | bizjaqlar edikjaqlar ekwe would defend | sizjaqlar edigizjaqlar egizyou all would defend | alajaqlar edilejaqlar ellethey would defend |
| Conditional result (would) | menjaqlamaz edimjaqlamaz emI wouldn't defend | senjaqlamaz ediŋjaqlamaz eŋyou wouldn't defend | oljaqlamaz edijaqlamaz edhe wouldn't defend | bizjaqlamaz edikjaqlamaz ekwe wouldn't defend | sizjaqlamaz edigizjaqlamaz egizyou all wouldn't defend | alajaqlamaz edilejaqlamaz ellethey wouldn't defend |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaqlarıq edimjaqlarıq emI would have defended | senjaqlarıq ediŋjaqlarıq eŋyou would have defended | oljaqlarıq edijaqlarıq edhe would have defended | bizjaqlarıq edikjaqlarıq ekwe would have defended | sizjaqlarıq edigizjaqlarıq egizyou all would have defended | alajaqlarıq edilejaqlarıq ellethey would have defended |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjaqlarıq tül edimjaqlarıq tül emI wouldn't have defended | senjaqlarıq tül ediŋjaqlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have defended | oljaqlarıq tül edijaqlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have defended | bizjaqlarıq tül edikjaqlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have defended | sizjaqlarıq tül edigizjaqlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have defended | alajaqlarıq tül edilejaqlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have defended |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjaqlasamif I defend | senjaqlasaŋif you defend | oljaqlasaif he defends | bizjaqlasaqif we defend | sizjaqlasağızif you all defend | alajaqlasalaif they defend |
| Conditional | menjaqlamasamif I don't defend | senjaqlamasaŋif you don't defend | oljaqlamasaif he doesn't defend | bizjaqlamasaqif we don't defend | sizjaqlamasağızif you all don't defend | alajaqlamasalaif they don't defend |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjaqlay esemif I am defending | senjaqlay eseŋif you are defending | oljaqlay eseif he is defending | bizjaqlay esekif we are defending | sizjaqlay esegizif you all are defending | alajaqlay eseleif they are defending |
| Conditional, present real | menjaqlamay esemif I am not defending | senjaqlamay eseŋif you are not defending | oljaqlamay eseif he is not defending | bizjaqlamay esekif we are not defending | sizjaqlamay esegizif you all are not defending | alajaqlamay eseleif they are not defending |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaqlasam edijaqlasam edif only I defended | senjaqlasaŋ edijaqlasaŋ edif only you defended | oljaqlasa edijaqlasaedif only he defended | bizjaqlasaq edijaqlasaq edif only we defended | sizjaqlasağız edijaqlasağız edif only you all defended | alajaqlasala edijaqlasalaedif only they defended |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjaqlamasam edijaqlamasam edif only I didn't defend | senjaqlamasaŋ edijaqlamasaŋ edif only you didn't defend | oljaqlamasa edijaqlamasaedif only he didn't defend | bizjaqlamasaq edijaqlamasaq edif only we didn't defend | sizjaqlamasağız edijaqlamasağız edif only you all didn't defend | alajaqlamasala edijaqlamasalaedif only they didn't defend |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjaqlab tursamif I carry on defending | senjaqlab tursaŋif you carry on defending | oljaqlab tursaif he carries on defending | bizjaqlab tursaqif we carry on defending | sizjaqlab tursağızif you all carry on defending | alajaqlab tursalaif they carry on defending |
| Durative conditional | menjaqlab turmasamif I don't carry on defending | senjaqlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on defending | oljaqlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on defending | bizjaqlab turmasaqif we don't carry on defending | sizjaqlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on defending | alajaqlab turmasalaif they don't carry on defending |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaqlab tura esemif I have kept defending | senjaqlab tura eseŋif you have kept defending | oljaqlab tura eseif he has kept defending | bizjaqlab tura esekif we have kept defending | sizjaqlab tura esegizif you all have kept defending | alajaqlab tura eseleif they have kept defending |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjaqlab turmay esemif I haven't kept defending | senjaqlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept defending | oljaqlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept defending | bizjaqlab turmay esekif we haven't kept defending | sizjaqlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept defending | alajaqlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept defending |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjaqlay tursamif I keep defending | senjaqlay tursaŋif you keep defending | oljaqlay tursaif he keeps defending | bizjaqlay tursaqif we keep defending | sizjaqlay tursağızif you all keep defending | alajaqlay tursalaif they keep defending |
| Progressive conditional | menjaqlamay tursamif I keep on not defending | senjaqlamay tursaŋif you keep on not defending | oljaqlamay tursaif he keeps on not defending | bizjaqlamay tursaqif we keep on not defending | sizjaqlamay tursağızif you all keep on not defending | alajaqlamay tursalaif they keep on not defending |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaqlay tura esemif I am in the middle of defending | senjaqlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of defending | oljaqlay tura eseif he is in the middle of defending | bizjaqlay tura esekif we are in the middle of defending | sizjaqlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of defending | alajaqlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of defending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjaqlamay tura esemif I keep on not defending | senjaqlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not defending | oljaqlamay tura eseif he keeps on not defending | bizjaqlamay tura esekif we keep on not defending | sizjaqlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not defending | alajaqlamay tura eseleif they keep on not defending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaqladım esemif I defended | senjaqladıŋ eseŋif you defended | oljaqladı eseif he defended | bizjaqladıq esekif we defended | sizjaqladığız esegizif you all defended | alajaqladıla eseleif they defended |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjaqlamadım esemif I didn't defend | senjaqlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't defend | oljaqlamadı eseif he didn't defend | bizjaqlamadıq esekif we didn't defend | sizjaqlamadığız esegizif you all didn't defend | alajaqlamadıla eseleif they didn't defend |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjaqlağan esemif I did defend (indeed) | senjaqlağan eseŋif you did defend (indeed) | oljaqlağan eseif he did defend (indeed) | bizjaqlağan esekif we did defend (indeed) | sizjaqlağan esegizif you all did defend (indeed) | alajaqlağan eseleif they did defend (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjaqlamağan esemif I didn't defend (indeed) | senjaqlamağan eseŋif you didn't defend (indeed) | oljaqlamağan eseif he didn't defend (indeed) | bizjaqlamağan esekif we didn't defend (indeed) | sizjaqlamağan esegizif you all didn't defend (indeed) | alajaqlamağan eseleif they didn't defend (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaqlağan bolsamif I had defended | senjaqlağan bolsaŋif you had defended | oljaqlağan bolsaif he had defended | bizjaqlağan bolsaqif we had defended | sizjaqlağan bolsağızif you all had defended | alajaqlağan bolsalaif they had defended |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjaqlamağan bolsamif I hadn't defended | senjaqlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't defended | oljaqlamağan bolsaif he hadn't defended | bizjaqlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't defended | sizjaqlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't defended | alajaqlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't defended |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaqlağan bolsam edijaqlağan bolsam edif only I had defended | senjaqlağan bolsaŋ edijaqlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had defended | oljaqlağan bolsa edijaqlağan bolsaedif only he had defended | bizjaqlağan bolsaq edijaqlağan bolsaq edif only we had defended | sizjaqlağan bolsağız edijaqlağan bolsağız edif only you all had defended | alajaqlağan bolsala edijaqlağan bolsalaedif only they had defended |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjaqlamağan bolsam edijaqlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't defended | senjaqlamağan bolsaŋ edijaqlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't defended | oljaqlamağan bolsa edijaqlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't defended | bizjaqlamağan bolsaq edijaqlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't defended | sizjaqlamağan bolsağız edijaqlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't defended | alajaqlamağan bolsala edijaqlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't defended |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjaqlar esemif I will defend | senjaqlar eseŋif you will defend | oljaqlar eseif he will defend | bizjaqlar esekif we will defend | sizjaqlar esegizif you all will defend | alajaqlar eseleif they will defend |
| Conditional, aorist | menjaqlamaz esemif I won't defend | senjaqlamaz eseŋif you won't defend | oljaqlamaz eseif he won't defend | bizjaqlamaz esekif we won't defend | sizjaqlamaz esegizif you all won't defend | alajaqlamaz eseleif they won't defend |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjaqlarıq esemif I am going to defend | senjaqlarıq eseŋif you are going to defend | oljaqlarıq eseif he is going to defend | bizjaqlarıq esekif we are going to defend | sizjaqlarıq esegizif you all are going to defend | alajaqlarıq eseleif they are going to defend |
| Conditional, future | menjaqlarıq tül esemif I am not going to defend | senjaqlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to defend | oljaqlarıq tül eseif he is not going to defend | bizjaqlarıq tül esekif we are not going to defend | sizjaqlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to defend | alajaqlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to defend |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaqlarıq bolsamif I were going to defend | senjaqlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to defend | oljaqlarıq bolsaif he were going to defend | bizjaqlarıq bolsaqif we were going to defend | sizjaqlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to defend | alajaqlarıq bolsalaif they were going to defend |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjaqlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to defend | senjaqlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to defend | oljaqlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to defend | bizjaqlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to defend | sizjaqlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to defend | alajaqlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to defend |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jaqladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaqlay bolurmaI must be defending | senjaqlay bolursayou must be defending | oljaqlay bolurhe must be defending | bizjaqlay bolurbuzwe must be defending | sizjaqlay bolursuzyou all must be defending | alajaqlay bolurlathey must be defending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjaqlamay bolurmaI must not be defending | senjaqlamay bolursayou must not be defending | oljaqlamay bolurhe must not be defending | bizjaqlamay bolurbuzwe must not be defending | sizjaqlamay bolursuzyou all must not be defending | alajaqlamay bolurlathey must not be defending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaqlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of defending | senjaqlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of defending | oljaqlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of defending | bizjaqlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of defending | sizjaqlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of defending | alajaqlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of defending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjaqlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not defending | senjaqlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not defending | oljaqlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not defending | bizjaqlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not defending | sizjaqlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not defending | alajaqlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not defending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjaqlağan bolurmaI must have defended | senjaqlağan bolursayou must have defended | oljaqlağan bolurhe must have defended | bizjaqlağan bolurbuzwe must have defended | sizjaqlağan bolursuzyou all must have defended | alajaqlağan bolurlathey must have defended |
| Inference (must have) | menjaqlamağan bolurmaI must not have defended | senjaqlamağan bolursayou must not have defended | oljaqlamağan bolurhe must not have defended | bizjaqlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have defended | sizjaqlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have defended | alajaqlamağan bolurlathey must not have defended |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaqlarıq bolurmaI must be going to defend | senjaqlarıq bolursayou must be going to defend | oljaqlarıq bolurhe must be going to defend | bizjaqlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to defend | sizjaqlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to defend | alajaqlarıq bolurlathey must be going to defend |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjaqlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to defend | senjaqlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to defend | oljaqlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to defend | bizjaqlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to defend | sizjaqlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to defend | alajaqlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to defend |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjaqlayımlet me defend | senjaqla!defend! | oljaqlasınlet him defend | bizjaqlayıqlet's defend | sizjaqlağız!defend, you all! | alajaqlasınlalet them defend |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaqlamayımlet me not defend | senjaqlama!don't defend! | oljaqlamasınlet him not defend | bizjaqlamayıqlet's not defend | sizjaqlamağız!don't defend, you all! | alajaqlamasınlalet them not defend |
| Commands & suggestions | menjaqlayımmı?shall I defend? | oljaqlasınmı?should he defend? | bizjaqlayıqmı?shall we defend? | alajaqlasınlamı?should they defend? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjaqlamayımmı?shall I not defend? | oljaqlamasınmı?should he not defend? | bizjaqlamayıqmı?shall we not defend? | alajaqlamasınlamı?should they not defend? | ||
| Requests | senjaqlaçı2jaqlaçınplease defend | oljaqlasınçıdo let him defend | sizjaqlaçığızplease defend (plural/polite) | alajaqlasınlaçıdo let them defend | ||
| Requests | senjaqlamaçı2jaqlamaçınplease don't defend | oljaqlamasınçıdo let him not defend | sizjaqlamaçığızplease don't defend (plural/polite) | alajaqlamasınlaçıdo let them not defend | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaqlağınjaqlağımay you defend | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjaqlamağınjaqlamağımay you not defend | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaqlağay edim jaqlağa edimwould that I defended | senjaqlağay ediŋ jaqlağa ediŋwould that you defended | oljaqlağay edi jaqlağa ediwould that he defended | bizjaqlağay edik jaqlağa edikwould that we defended | sizjaqlağay edigiz jaqlağa edigizwould that you all defended | alajaqlağay edile jaqlağa edilewould that they defended |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjaqlamağay edim jaqlamağa edimwould that I did not defend | senjaqlamağay ediŋ jaqlamağa ediŋwould that you did not defend | oljaqlamağay edi jaqlamağa ediwould that he did not defend | bizjaqlamağay edik jaqlamağa edikwould that we did not defend | sizjaqlamağay edigiz jaqlamağa edigizwould that you all did not defend | alajaqlamağay edile jaqlamağa edilewould that they did not defend |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaqlamağa qoyayımjaqlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to defend | senjaqlamağa qoy!jaqlama qoy!let someone defend! | oljaqlamağa qoysunjaqlama qoysunlet him allow someone to defend | bizjaqlamağa qoyayıqjaqlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to defend | sizjaqlamağa qoyuğuz!jaqlama qoyuğuz!let someone defend, you all! | alajaqlamağa qoysunlajaqlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to defend |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaqlamağa qoymayımjaqlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to defend | senjaqlamağa qoyma!jaqlama qoyma!don't let someone defend! | oljaqlamağa qoymasınjaqlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to defend | bizjaqlamağa qoymayıqjaqlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to defend | sizjaqlamağa qoymağız!jaqlama qoymağız!don't let someone defend, you all! | alajaqlamağa qoymasınlajaqlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to defend |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaqlamağa qoyayımmı?jaqlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to defend? | oljaqlamağa qoysunmu?jaqlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to defend? | bizjaqlamağa qoyayıqmı?jaqlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to defend? | alajaqlamağa qoysunlamı?jaqlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to defend? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjaqlamağa qoymayımmı?jaqlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to defend? | oljaqlamağa qoymasınmı?jaqlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to defend? | bizjaqlamağa qoymayıqmı?jaqlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to defend? | alajaqlamağa qoymasınlamı?jaqlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to defend? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjaqlamağa qoyamajaqlama qoyamaI allow someone to defend | senjaqlamağa qoyasajaqlama qoyasayou allow someone to defend | oljaqlamağa qoyadıjaqlama qoyadıhe allows someone to defend | bizjaqlamağa qoyabızjaqlama qoyabızwe allow someone to defend | sizjaqlamağa qoyasızjaqlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to defend | alajaqlamağa qoyadılajaqlama qoyadılathey allow someone to defend |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaqlamağa qoymaymajaqlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to defend | senjaqlamağa qoymaysajaqlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to defend | oljaqlamağa qoymaydıjaqlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to defend | bizjaqlamağa qoymaybızjaqlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to defend | sizjaqlamağa qoymaysızjaqlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to defend | alajaqlamağa qoymaydılajaqlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to defend |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaqlamağa qoyamamı?jaqlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to defend? | senjaqlamağa qoyamısa?jaqlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to defend? | oljaqlamağa qoyamıdı?jaqlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to defend? | bizjaqlamağa qoyabızmı?jaqlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to defend? | sizjaqlamağa qoyamısız?jaqlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to defend? | alajaqlamağa qoyamıdıla?jaqlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to defend? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjaqlamağa qoymaymamı?jaqlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to defend? | senjaqlamağa qoymaymısa?jaqlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to defend? | oljaqlamağa qoymaymıdı?jaqlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to defend? | bizjaqlamağa qoymaybızmı?jaqlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to defend? | sizjaqlamağa qoymaymısız?jaqlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to defend? | alajaqlamağa qoymaymıdıla?jaqlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to defend? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaqlamağa qoydumjaqlama qoydumI allowed someone to defend | senjaqlamağa qoyduŋjaqlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to defend | oljaqlamağa qoydujaqlama qoyduhe allowed someone to defend | bizjaqlamağa qoyduqjaqlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to defend | sizjaqlamağa qoyduğuzjaqlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to defend | alajaqlamağa qoydulajaqlama qoydulathey allowed someone to defend |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaqlamağa qoymadımjaqlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to defend | senjaqlamağa qoymadıŋjaqlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to defend | oljaqlamağa qoymadıjaqlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to defend | bizjaqlamağa qoymadıqjaqlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to defend | sizjaqlamağa qoymadığızjaqlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to defend | alajaqlamağa qoymadılajaqlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to defend |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaqlamağa qoydummu?jaqlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to defend? | senjaqlamağa qoyduŋmu?jaqlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to defend? | oljaqlamağa qoydumu?jaqlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to defend? | bizjaqlamağa qoyduqmu?jaqlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to defend? | sizjaqlamağa qoyduğuzmu?jaqlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to defend? | alajaqlamağa qoydulamı?jaqlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to defend? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjaqlamağa qoymadımmı?jaqlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to defend? | senjaqlamağa qoymadıŋmı?jaqlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to defend? | oljaqlamağa qoymadımı?jaqlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to defend? | bizjaqlamağa qoymadıqmı?jaqlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to defend? | sizjaqlamağa qoymadığızmı?jaqlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to defend? | alajaqlamağa qoymadılamı?jaqlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to defend? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jaqlayalırğa be able to defend · jaqlayalmazğa be unable to defend
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjaqlayalamaI can defend | senjaqlayalasayou can defend | oljaqlayaladıhe can defend | bizjaqlayalabızwe can defend | sizjaqlayalasızyou all can defend | alajaqlayaladılathey can defend |
| Ability — present | menjaqlayalmaymaI can't defend | senjaqlayalmaysayou can't defend | oljaqlayalmaydıhe can't defend | bizjaqlayalmaybızwe can't defend | sizjaqlayalmaysızyou all can't defend | alajaqlayalmaydılathey can't defend |
| Ability — present | menjaqlayalamamı? jaqlayalamıma?can I defend? | senjaqlayalamısa?can you defend? | oljaqlayalamıdı?can he defend? | bizjaqlayalabızmı? jaqlayalamıbız?can we defend? | sizjaqlayalamısız?can you all defend? | alajaqlayalamıdıla?can they defend? |
| Ability — present | menjaqlayalmaymamı? jaqlayalmaymıma?can't I defend? | senjaqlayalmaymısa?can't you defend? | oljaqlayalmaymıdı?can't he defend? | bizjaqlayalmaybızmı? jaqlayalmaymıbız?can't we defend? | sizjaqlayalmaymısız?can't you all defend? | alajaqlayalmaymıdıla?can't they defend? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaqlayalsamif I can defend | senjaqlayalsaŋif you can defend | oljaqlayalsaif he can defend | bizjaqlayalsaqif we can defend | sizjaqlayalsağızif you all can defend | alajaqlayalsalaif they can defend |
| Ability — if I can… | menjaqlayalmasamif I can't defend | senjaqlayalmasaŋif you can't defend | oljaqlayalmasaif he can't defend | bizjaqlayalmasaqif we can't defend | sizjaqlayalmasağızif you all can't defend | alajaqlayalmasalaif they can't defend |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjaqlayaldımI was able to defend | senjaqlayaldıŋyou were able to defend | oljaqlayaldıhe was able to defend | bizjaqlayaldıqwe were able to defend | sizjaqlayaldığızyou all were able to defend | alajaqlayaldılathey were able to defend |
| Ability — simple past | menjaqlayalmadımI could not defend | senjaqlayalmadıŋyou could not defend | oljaqlayalmadıhe could not defend | bizjaqlayalmadıqwe could not defend | sizjaqlayalmadığızyou all could not defend | alajaqlayalmadılathey could not defend |
| Ability — simple past | menjaqlayaldımmı?was I able to defend? | senjaqlayaldıŋmı?were you able to defend? | oljaqlayaldımı?was he able to defend? | bizjaqlayaldıqmı?were we able to defend? | sizjaqlayaldığızmı?were you all able to defend? | alajaqlayaldılamı?were they able to defend? |
| Ability — simple past | menjaqlayalmadımmı?couldn't I defend? | senjaqlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you defend? | oljaqlayalmadımı?couldn't he defend? | bizjaqlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we defend? | sizjaqlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all defend? | alajaqlayalmadılamı?couldn't they defend? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaqlayalğanmaI have been able to defend | senjaqlayalğansayou have been able to defend | oljaqlayalğandıhe has been able to defend | bizjaqlayalğanbızwe have been able to defend | sizjaqlayalğansızyou all have been able to defend | alajaqlayalğandılathey have been able to defend |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaqlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to defend | senjaqlayalmağansayou haven't been able to defend | oljaqlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to defend | bizjaqlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to defend | sizjaqlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to defend | alajaqlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to defend |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaqlayalğanmamı? jaqlayalğanmıma?have I been able to defend? | senjaqlayalğanmısa?have you been able to defend? | oljaqlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to defend? | bizjaqlayalğanbızmı? jaqlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to defend? | sizjaqlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to defend? | alajaqlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to defend? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjaqlayalmağanmamı? jaqlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to defend? | senjaqlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to defend? | oljaqlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to defend? | bizjaqlayalmağanbızmı? jaqlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to defend? | sizjaqlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to defend? | alajaqlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to defend? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaqlayalğan edimjaqlayalğanemI had been able to defend | senjaqlayalğan ediŋjaqlayalğaneŋyou had been able to defend | oljaqlayalğan edijaqlayalğanedhe had been able to defend | bizjaqlayalğan edikjaqlayalğanekwe had been able to defend | sizjaqlayalğan edigizjaqlayalğanegizyou all had been able to defend | alajaqlayalğan edilejaqlayalğanellethey had been able to defend |
| Ability — past perfect | menjaqlayalmağan edimjaqlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to defend | senjaqlayalmağan ediŋjaqlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to defend | oljaqlayalmağan edijaqlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to defend | bizjaqlayalmağan edikjaqlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to defend | sizjaqlayalmağan edigizjaqlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to defend | alajaqlayalmağan edilejaqlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to defend |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjaqlayala edimjaqlayalaemI could defend | senjaqlayala ediŋjaqlayalaeŋyou could defend | oljaqlayala edijaqlayalaedhe could defend | bizjaqlayala edikjaqlayalaekwe could defend | sizjaqlayala edigizjaqlayalaegizyou all could defend | alajaqlayala edilejaqlayalaellethey could defend |
| Ability — past background | menjaqlayalmay edimjaqlayalmayemI could not defend | senjaqlayalmay ediŋjaqlayalmayeŋyou could not defend | oljaqlayalmay edijaqlayalmayedhe could not defend | bizjaqlayalmay edikjaqlayalmayekwe could not defend | sizjaqlayalmay edigizjaqlayalmayegizyou all could not defend | alajaqlayalmay edilejaqlayalmayellethey could not defend |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjaqlayalırmaI will be able to defend | senjaqlayalırsayou will be able to defend | oljaqlayalırhe will be able to defend | bizjaqlayalırbızwe will be able to defend | sizjaqlayalırsızyou all will be able to defend | alajaqlayalırlathey will be able to defend |
| Ability — future I | menjaqlayalmazmaI won't be able to defend | senjaqlayalmazsayou won't be able to defend | oljaqlayalmazhe won't be able to defend | bizjaqlayalmazbızwe won't be able to defend | sizjaqlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to defend | alajaqlayalmazlathey won't be able to defend |
| Ability — future I | menjaqlayalırmamı? jaqlayalırmıma?will I be able to defend? | senjaqlayalırmısa?will you be able to defend? | oljaqlayalırmı?will he be able to defend? | bizjaqlayalırbızmı? jaqlayalırmıbız?will we be able to defend? | sizjaqlayalırmısız?will you all be able to defend? | alajaqlayalırlamı? jaqlayalırmıla?will they be able to defend? |
| Ability — future I | menjaqlayalmazmamı? jaqlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to defend? | senjaqlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to defend? | oljaqlayalmazmı?won't he be able to defend? | bizjaqlayalmazbızmı? jaqlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to defend? | sizjaqlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to defend? | alajaqlayalmazlamı? jaqlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to defend? |
| Ability — future II | menjaqlayallıqmaI am going to be able to defend | senjaqlayallıqsayou are going to be able to defend | oljaqlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to defend | bizjaqlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to defend | sizjaqlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to defend | alajaqlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to defend |
| Ability — future II | menjaqlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to defend | senjaqlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to defend | oljaqlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to defend | bizjaqlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to defend | sizjaqlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to defend | alajaqlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to defend |
| Ability — future II | menjaqlayallıqmamı? jaqlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to defend? | senjaqlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to defend? | oljaqlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to defend? | bizjaqlayallıqbızmı? jaqlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to defend? | sizjaqlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to defend? | alajaqlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to defend? |
| Ability — future II | menjaqlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to defend? | senjaqlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to defend? | oljaqlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to defend? | bizjaqlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to defend? | sizjaqlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to defend? | alajaqlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to defend? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaqlayalır edimjaqlayalır emI would be able to defend | senjaqlayalır ediŋjaqlayalır eŋyou would be able to defend | oljaqlayalır edijaqlayalır edhe would be able to defend | bizjaqlayalır edikjaqlayalır ekwe would be able to defend | sizjaqlayalır edigizjaqlayalır egizyou all would be able to defend | alajaqlayalır edilejaqlayalır ellethey would be able to defend |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjaqlayalmaz edimjaqlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to defend | senjaqlayalmaz ediŋjaqlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to defend | oljaqlayalmaz edijaqlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to defend | bizjaqlayalmaz edikjaqlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to defend | sizjaqlayalmaz edigizjaqlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to defend | alajaqlayalmaz edilejaqlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to defend |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaqlayalğınjaqlayalğımay you be able to defend | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjaqlayalmağınjaqlayalmağımay you not be able to defend | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjaqlarğa izleymeI want to defend | senjaqlarğa izleyseyou want to defend | oljaqlarğa izleydihe wants to defend | bizjaqlarğa izleybizwe want to defend | sizjaqlarğa izleysizyou all want to defend | alajaqlarğa izleydilethey want to defend |
| want to | menjaqlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to defend | senjaqlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to defend | oljaqlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to defend | bizjaqlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to defend | sizjaqlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to defend | alajaqlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to defend |
| would like to | menjaqlarğa süemeI would like to defend | senjaqlarğa süeseyou would like to defend | oljaqlarğa süedihe would like to defend | bizjaqlarğa süebizwe would like to defend | sizjaqlarğa süesizyou all would like to defend | alajaqlarğa süedilethey would like to defend |
| would like to | menjaqlarğa süymeymeI would not like to defend | senjaqlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to defend | oljaqlarğa süymeydihe would not like to defend | bizjaqlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to defend | sizjaqlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to defend | alajaqlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to defend |
| hope to | menjaqlarğa umutlanamaI hope to defend | senjaqlarğa umutlanasayou hope to defend | oljaqlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to defend | bizjaqlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to defend | sizjaqlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to defend | alajaqlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to defend |
| hope to | menjaqlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to defend | senjaqlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to defend | oljaqlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to defend | bizjaqlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to defend | sizjaqlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to defend | alajaqlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to defend |
| be about to | menjaqlarğa deb turamaI am about to defend | senjaqlarğa deb turasayou are about to defend | oljaqlarğa deb turadıhe is about to defend | bizjaqlarğa deb turabızwe are about to defend | sizjaqlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to defend | alajaqlarğa deb turadılathey are about to defend |
| be about to | menjaqlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to defend | senjaqlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to defend | oljaqlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to defend | bizjaqlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to defend | sizjaqlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to defend | alajaqlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to defend |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjaqlarğa kerekmeI need to defend | senjaqlarğa kerekseyou need to defend | oljaqlarğa kerekdihe needs to defend | bizjaqlarğa kerekbizwe need to defend | sizjaqlarğa kereksizyou all need to defend | alajaqlarğa kerekdilethey need to defend |
| need to | menjaqlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to defend | senjaqlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to defend | oljaqlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to defend | bizjaqlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to defend | sizjaqlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to defend | alajaqlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to defend |
| have to | menmenŋe jaqlarğa tüşediI have to defend | sensenŋe jaqlarğa tüşediyou have to defend | olaŋa jaqlarğa tüşedihe has to defend | bizbizge jaqlarğa tüşediwe have to defend | sizsizge jaqlarğa tüşediyou all have to defend | alaalağa jaqlarğa tüşedithey have to defend |
| have to | menmenŋe jaqlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to defend | sensenŋe jaqlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to defend | olaŋa jaqlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to defend | bizbizge jaqlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to defend | sizsizge jaqlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to defend | alaalağa jaqlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to defend |
| be obliged to | menjaqlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to defend | senjaqlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to defend | oljaqlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to defend | bizjaqlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to defend | sizjaqlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to defend | alajaqlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to defend |
| be obliged to | menjaqlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to defend | senjaqlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to defend | oljaqlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to defend | bizjaqlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to defend | sizjaqlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to defend | alajaqlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to defend |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjaqlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to defend | senjaqlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to defend | oljaqlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to defend | bizjaqlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to defend | sizjaqlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to defend | alajaqlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to defend |
| have a way to | menjaqlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to defend | senjaqlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to defend | oljaqlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to defend | bizjaqlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to defend | sizjaqlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to defend | alajaqlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to defend |
| be free to | menjaqlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to defend | senjaqlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to defend | oljaqlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to defend | bizjaqlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to defend | sizjaqlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to defend | alajaqlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to defend |
| be free to | menjaqlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to defend | senjaqlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to defend | oljaqlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to defend | bizjaqlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to defend | sizjaqlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to defend | alajaqlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to defend |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaqlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to defend | sensenŋe jaqlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to defend | olaŋa jaqlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to defend | bizbizge jaqlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to defend | sizsizge jaqlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to defend | alaalağa jaqlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to defend |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jaqlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to defend | sensenŋe jaqlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to defend | olaŋa jaqlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to defend | bizbizge jaqlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to defend | sizsizge jaqlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to defend | alaalağa jaqlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to defend |
| be ready to | menjaqlarğa hazırmaI am ready to defend | senjaqlarğa hazırsayou are ready to defend | oljaqlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to defend | bizjaqlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to defend | sizjaqlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to defend | alajaqlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to defend |
| be ready to | menjaqlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to defend | senjaqlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to defend | oljaqlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to defend | bizjaqlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to defend | sizjaqlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to defend | alajaqlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to defend |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjaqlarğa küreşemeI am trying to defend | senjaqlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to defend | oljaqlarğa küreşedihe is trying to defend | bizjaqlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to defend | sizjaqlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to defend | alajaqlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to defend |
| try to | menjaqlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to defend | senjaqlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to defend | oljaqlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to defend | bizjaqlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to defend | sizjaqlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to defend | alajaqlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to defend |
| agree to | menjaqlarğa unaymaI agree to defend | senjaqlarğa unaysayou agree to defend | oljaqlarğa unaydıhe agrees to defend | bizjaqlarğa unaybızwe agree to defend | sizjaqlarğa unaysızyou all agree to defend | alajaqlarğa unaydılathey agree to defend |
| agree to | menjaqlarğa unamaymaI refuse to defend | senjaqlarğa unamaysayou refuse to defend | oljaqlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to defend | bizjaqlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to defend | sizjaqlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to defend | alajaqlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to defend |
| hurry to | menjaqlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to defend | senjaqlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to defend | oljaqlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to defend | bizjaqlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to defend | sizjaqlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to defend | alajaqlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to defend |
| hurry to | menjaqlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to defend | senjaqlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to defend | oljaqlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to defend | bizjaqlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to defend | sizjaqlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to defend | alajaqlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to defend |
| be afraid to | menjaqlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to defend | senjaqlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to defend | oljaqlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to defend | bizjaqlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to defend | sizjaqlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to defend | alajaqlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to defend |
| be afraid to | menjaqlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to defend | senjaqlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to defend | oljaqlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to defend | bizjaqlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to defend | sizjaqlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to defend | alajaqlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to defend |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjaqlay bolmazmaI can't be defending | senjaqlay bolmazsayou can't be defending | oljaqlay bolmazhe can't be defending | bizjaqlay bolmazbızwe can't be defending | sizjaqlay bolmazsızyou all can't be defending | alajaqlay bolmazlathey can't be defending |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjaqlamay bolmazmaI must be defending (emphatic) | senjaqlamay bolmazsayou must be defending (emphatic) | oljaqlamay bolmazhe must be defending (emphatic) | bizjaqlamay bolmazbızwe must be defending (emphatic) | sizjaqlamay bolmazsızyou all must be defending (emphatic) | alajaqlamay bolmazlathey must be defending (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjaqlay turmasamif I don't keep defending | senjaqlay turmasaŋif you don't keep defending | oljaqlay turmasaif he doesn't keep defending | bizjaqlay turmasaqif we don't keep defending | sizjaqlay turmasağızif you all don't keep defending | alajaqlay turmasalaif they don't keep defending |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjaqlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of defending | senjaqlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of defending | oljaqlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of defending | bizjaqlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of defending | sizjaqlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of defending | alajaqlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of defending |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjaqlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not defending (emphatic) | senjaqlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not defending (emphatic) | oljaqlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not defending (emphatic) | bizjaqlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not defending (emphatic) | sizjaqlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not defending (emphatic) | alajaqlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not defending (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjaqlamay turamaI keep on not defending | senjaqlamay turasayou keep on not defending | oljaqlamay turadıhe keeps on not defending | bizjaqlamay turabızwe keep on not defending | sizjaqlamay turasızyou all keep on not defending | alajaqlamay turadılathey keep on not defending |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaqlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not defending | senjaqlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not defending | oljaqlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not defending | bizjaqlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not defending | sizjaqlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not defending | alajaqlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not defending |
| Progressive — double negation | menjaqlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not defending? | senjaqlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not defending? | oljaqlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not defending? | bizjaqlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not defending? | sizjaqlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not defending? | alajaqlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not defending? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjaqlağan bolmazmaI can't have defended | senjaqlağan bolmazsayou can't have defended | oljaqlağan bolmazhe can't have defended | bizjaqlağan bolmazbızwe can't have defended | sizjaqlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have defended | alajaqlağan bolmazlathey can't have defended |
| Inference — double negation | menjaqlamağan bolmazmaI must have defended (emphatic) | senjaqlamağan bolmazsayou must have defended (emphatic) | oljaqlamağan bolmazhe must have defended (emphatic) | bizjaqlamağan bolmazbızwe must have defended (emphatic) | sizjaqlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have defended (emphatic) | alajaqlamağan bolmazlathey must have defended (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjaqlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had defended | senjaqlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had defended | oljaqlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had defended | bizjaqlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had defended | sizjaqlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had defended | alajaqlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had defended |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjaqlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't defended | senjaqlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't defended | oljaqlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't defended | bizjaqlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't defended | sizjaqlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't defended | alajaqlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't defended |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjaqlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to defend | senjaqlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to defend | oljaqlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to defend | bizjaqlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to defend | sizjaqlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to defend | alajaqlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to defend |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjaqlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to defend (emphatic) | senjaqlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to defend (emphatic) | oljaqlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to defend (emphatic) | bizjaqlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to defend (emphatic) | sizjaqlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to defend (emphatic) | alajaqlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to defend (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjaqlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to defend | senjaqlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to defend | oljaqlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to defend | bizjaqlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to defend | sizjaqlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to defend | alajaqlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to defend |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjaqlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to defend | senjaqlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to defend | oljaqlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to defend | bizjaqlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to defend | sizjaqlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to defend | alajaqlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to defend |