qorurğa
/qorurʁa/
1. guard, watch over, keep, protect
- it üynü qorur — the dog will guard the house
- qışlıqnı qorurğa — to guard the winter pasture
- qoylanı börüden qorurğa kerekdi — the sheep must be guarded from the wolf
- jaşla elni qoruğandıla — the young men guarded the village
2. defend, stand up for, take someone's part
- sabiyni qorurğa — to stand up for the child
- ata jurtnu qorurğa — to defend the fatherland
- kesiŋi qorurğa — to defend yourself
- batırlıq qorur jurtuŋu — courage will defend your homeland
3. drive off, keep away, not let near
- çibin qorurğa — to drive off flies
- quşlanı bitimden qoruğandı — he kept the birds off the crop
Conjugation
Common forms
- qoruyduhe is guarding
- qoruduhe guarded
- qoruğandıhe has guarded
- qorurhe will guard
- qoruruqduhe is going to guard
- qoruy edihe was guarding
- qorusaif he guards
- qoru!guard!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqoruymaI am guarding | senqoruysayou are guarding | olqoruyduhe is guarding | bizqoruybuzwe are guarding | sizqoruysuzyou all are guarding | alaqoruydulathey are guarding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqorumaymaI am not guarding | senqorumaysayou are not guarding | olqorumaydıhe is not guarding | bizqorumaybızwe are not guarding | sizqorumaysızyou all are not guarding | alaqorumaydılathey are not guarding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqoruymamı? qoruymuma?am I guarding? | senqoruymusa?are you guarding? | olqoruymudu?is he guarding? | bizqoruybuzmu? qoruymubuz?are we guarding? | sizqoruymusuz?are you all guarding? | alaqoruymudula?are they guarding? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqorumaymamı? qorumaymıma?aren't I guarding? | senqorumaymısa?aren't you guarding? | olqorumaymıdı?isn't he guarding? | bizqorumaybızmı? qorumaymıbız?aren't we guarding? | sizqorumaymısız?aren't you all guarding? | alaqorumaymıdıla?aren't they guarding? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqoruwçanmaI usually guard | senqoruwçansayou usually guard | olqoruwçandıhe usually guards | bizqoruwçanbızwe usually guard | sizqoruwçansızyou all usually guard | alaqoruwçandılathey usually guard |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqorumawçanmaI usually don't guard | senqorumawçansayou usually don't guard | olqorumawçandıhe usually doesn't guard | bizqorumawçanbızwe usually don't guard | sizqorumawçansızyou all usually don't guard | alaqorumawçandılathey usually don't guard |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqoruwçanmamı? qoruwçanmıma?do I usually guard? | senqoruwçanmısa?do you usually guard? | olqoruwçanmıdı?does he usually guard? | bizqoruwçanbızmı? qoruwçanmıbız?do we usually guard? | sizqoruwçanmısız?do you all usually guard? | alaqoruwçanmıdıla?do they usually guard? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqorumawçanmamı? qorumawçanmıma?do I usually not guard? | senqorumawçanmısa?do you usually not guard? | olqorumawçanmıdı?does he usually not guard? | bizqorumawçanbızmı? qorumawçanmıbız?do we usually not guard? | sizqorumawçanmısız?do you all usually not guard? | alaqorumawçanmıdıla?do they usually not guard? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqorubduhe has guarded and remains so | alaqorubdulathey have guarded and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqorubmudu?has he guarded? | alaqorubmudula?have they guarded? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorub turamaI keep guarding | senqorub turasayou keep guarding | olqorub turadıhe keeps guarding | bizqorub turabızwe keep guarding | sizqorub turasızyou all keep guarding | alaqorub turadılathey keep guarding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorub turmaymaI don't keep guarding | senqorub turmaysayou don't keep guarding | olqorub turmaydıhe doesn't keep guarding | bizqorub turmaybızwe don't keep guarding | sizqorub turmaysızyou all don't keep guarding | alaqorub turmaydılathey don't keep guarding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorub turamamı? qorub turamıma?do I keep guarding? | senqorub turamısa?do you keep guarding? | olqorub turamıdı?does he keep guarding? | bizqorub turabızmı? qorub turamıbız?do we keep guarding? | sizqorub turamısız?do you all keep guarding? | alaqorub turamıdıla?do they keep guarding? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorub turmaymamı? qorub turmaymıma?don't I keep guarding? | senqorub turmaymısa?don't you keep guarding? | olqorub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep guarding? | bizqorub turmaybızmı? qorub turmaymıbız?don't we keep guarding? | sizqorub turmaymısız?don't you all keep guarding? | alaqorub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep guarding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqoruy turamaI am in the middle of guarding | senqoruy turasayou are in the middle of guarding | olqoruy turadıhe is in the middle of guarding | bizqoruy turabızwe are in the middle of guarding | sizqoruy turasızyou all are in the middle of guarding | alaqoruy turadılathey are in the middle of guarding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqoruy turmaymaI am not in the middle of guarding | senqoruy turmaysayou are not in the middle of guarding | olqoruy turmaydıhe is not in the middle of guarding | bizqoruy turmaybızwe are not in the middle of guarding | sizqoruy turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of guarding | alaqoruy turmaydılathey are not in the middle of guarding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqoruy turamamı? qoruy turamıma?am I in the middle of guarding? | senqoruy turamısa?are you in the middle of guarding? | olqoruy turamıdı?is he in the middle of guarding? | bizqoruy turabızmı? qoruy turamıbız?are we in the middle of guarding? | sizqoruy turamısız?are you all in the middle of guarding? | alaqoruy turamıdıla?are they in the middle of guarding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqoruy turmaymamı? qoruy turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of guarding? | senqoruy turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of guarding? | olqoruy turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of guarding? | bizqoruy turmaybızmı? qoruy turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of guarding? | sizqoruy turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of guarding? | alaqoruy turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of guarding? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqorudumI guarded | senqoruduŋyou guarded | olqoruduhe guarded | bizqoruduqwe guarded | sizqoruduğuzyou all guarded | alaqorudulathey guarded |
| Simple past (definite) | menqorumadımI didn't guard | senqorumadıŋyou didn't guard | olqorumadıhe didn't guard | bizqorumadıqwe didn't guard | sizqorumadığızyou all didn't guard | alaqorumadılathey didn't guard |
| Simple past (definite) | menqorudummu?did I guard? | senqoruduŋmu?did you guard? | olqorudumu?did he guard? | bizqoruduqmu?did we guard? | sizqoruduğuzmu?did you all guard? | alaqorudulamı?did they guard? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqorumadımmı?didn't I guard? | senqorumadıŋmı?didn't you guard? | olqorumadımı?didn't he guard? | bizqorumadıqmı?didn't we guard? | sizqorumadığızmı?didn't you all guard? | alaqorumadılamı?didn't they guard? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqoruğanmaI have guarded | senqoruğansayou have guarded | olqoruğandıhe has guarded | bizqoruğanbızwe have guarded | sizqoruğansızyou all have guarded | alaqoruğandılathey have guarded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqorumağanmaI haven't guarded | senqorumağansayou haven't guarded | olqorumağandıhe hasn't guarded | bizqorumağanbızwe haven't guarded | sizqorumağansızyou all haven't guarded | alaqorumağandılathey haven't guarded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqoruğanmamı? qoruğanmıma?have I guarded? | senqoruğanmısa?have you guarded? | olqoruğanmıdı?has he guarded? | bizqoruğanbızmı? qoruğanmıbız?have we guarded? | sizqoruğanmısız?have you all guarded? | alaqoruğanmıdıla?have they guarded? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqorumağanmamı? qorumağanmıma?haven't I guarded? | senqorumağanmısa?haven't you guarded? | olqorumağanmıdı?hasn't he guarded? | bizqorumağanbızmı? qorumağanmıbız?haven't we guarded? | sizqorumağanmısız?haven't you all guarded? | alaqorumağanmıdıla?haven't they guarded? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqorub turdumI kept guarding | senqorub turduŋyou kept guarding | olqorub turduhe kept guarding | bizqorub turduqwe kept guarding | sizqorub turduğuzyou all kept guarding | alaqorub turdulathey kept guarding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqorub turmadımI didn't keep guarding | senqorub turmadıŋyou didn't keep guarding | olqorub turmadıhe didn't keep guarding | bizqorub turmadıqwe didn't keep guarding | sizqorub turmadığızyou all didn't keep guarding | alaqorub turmadılathey didn't keep guarding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorurmaI will guard | senqorursayou will guard | olqorurhe will guard | bizqorurbuzwe will guard | sizqorursuzyou all will guard | alaqorurlathey will guard |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorumazmaI won't guard | senqorumazsayou won't guard | olqorumazhe won't guard | bizqorumazbızwe won't guard | sizqorumazsızyou all won't guard | alaqorumazlathey won't guard |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorurmamı? qorurmuma?will I guard? | senqorurmusa?will you guard? | olqorurmu?will he guard? | bizqorurbuzmu? qorurmubuz?will we guard? | sizqorurmusuz?will you all guard? | alaqorurlamı? qorurmula?will they guard? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorumazmamı? qorumazmıma?won't I guard? | senqorumazmısa?won't you guard? | olqorumazmı?won't he guard? | bizqorumazbızmı? qorumazmıbız?won't we guard? | sizqorumazmısız?won't you all guard? | alaqorumazlamı? qorumazmıla?won't they guard? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqoruruqmaI am going to guard | senqoruruqsayou are going to guard | olqoruruqduhe is going to guard | bizqoruruqbuzwe are going to guard | sizqoruruqsuzyou all are going to guard | alaqoruruqdulathey are going to guard |
| Definite future (future II) | menqoruruq tülmeI am not going to guard | senqoruruq tülseyou are not going to guard | olqoruruq tüldühe is not going to guard | bizqoruruq tülbüzwe are not going to guard | sizqoruruq tülsüzyou all are not going to guard | alaqoruruq tüldülethey are not going to guard |
| Definite future (future II) | menqoruruqmamı? qoruruqmuma?am I going to guard? | senqoruruqmusa?are you going to guard? | olqoruruqmudu?is he going to guard? | bizqoruruqbuzmu? qoruruqmubuz?are we going to guard? | sizqoruruqmusuz?are you all going to guard? | alaqoruruqmudula?are they going to guard? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqoruruq tülmüme?aren't I going to guard? | senqoruruq tülmüse?aren't you going to guard? | olqoruruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to guard? | bizqoruruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to guard? | sizqoruruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to guard? | alaqoruruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to guard? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqoruğan edimqoruğanemI had guarded | senqoruğan ediŋqoruğaneŋyou had guarded | olqoruğan ediqoruğanedhe had guarded | bizqoruğan edikqoruğanekwe had guarded | sizqoruğan edigizqoruğanegizyou all had guarded | alaqoruğan edileqoruğanellethey had guarded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqorumağan edimqorumağanemI hadn't guarded | senqorumağan ediŋqorumağaneŋyou hadn't guarded | olqorumağan ediqorumağanedhe hadn't guarded | bizqorumağan edikqorumağanekwe hadn't guarded | sizqorumağan edigizqorumağanegizyou all hadn't guarded | alaqorumağan edileqorumağanellethey hadn't guarded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqoruy edimqoruyemI was guarding | senqoruy ediŋqoruyeŋyou were guarding | olqoruy ediqoruyedhe was guarding | bizqoruy edikqoruyekwe were guarding | sizqoruy edigizqoruyegizyou all were guarding | alaqoruy edileqoruyellethey were guarding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqorumay edimqorumayemI wasn't guarding | senqorumay ediŋqorumayeŋyou weren't guarding | olqorumay ediqorumayedhe wasn't guarding | bizqorumay edikqorumayekwe weren't guarding | sizqorumay edigizqorumayegizyou all weren't guarding | alaqorumay edileqorumayellethey weren't guarding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqoruwçan edimqoruwçanemI used to guard | senqoruwçan ediŋqoruwçaneŋyou used to guard | olqoruwçan ediqoruwçanedhe used to guard | bizqoruwçan edikqoruwçanekwe used to guard | sizqoruwçan edigizqoruwçanegizyou all used to guard | alaqoruwçan edileqoruwçanellethey used to guard |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqorumawçan edimqorumawçanemI didn't use to guard | senqorumawçan ediŋqorumawçaneŋyou didn't use to guard | olqorumawçan ediqorumawçanedhe didn't use to guard | bizqorumawçan edikqorumawçanekwe didn't use to guard | sizqorumawçan edigizqorumawçanegizyou all didn't use to guard | alaqorumawçan edileqorumawçanellethey didn't use to guard |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqorub edihe had guarded and remained so | alaqorub edilethey had guarded and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqorub tül edihe hadn't guarded | alaqorub tül edilethey hadn't guarded | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqorub tura edimqorub turaemI had kept guarding | senqorub tura ediŋqorub turaeŋyou had kept guarding | olqorub tura ediqorub turaedhe had kept guarding | bizqorub tura edikqorub turaekwe had kept guarding | sizqorub tura edigizqorub turaegizyou all had kept guarding | alaqorub tura edileqorub turaellethey had kept guarding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqorub turmay edimqorub turmayemI hadn't kept guarding | senqorub turmay ediŋqorub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept guarding | olqorub turmay ediqorub turmayedhe hadn't kept guarding | bizqorub turmay edikqorub turmayekwe hadn't kept guarding | sizqorub turmay edigizqorub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept guarding | alaqorub turmay edileqorub turmayellethey hadn't kept guarding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqoruy tura edimqoruy turaemI was in the middle of guarding | senqoruy tura ediŋqoruy turaeŋyou were in the middle of guarding | olqoruy tura ediqoruy turaedhe was in the middle of guarding | bizqoruy tura edikqoruy turaekwe were in the middle of guarding | sizqoruy tura edigizqoruy turaegizyou all were in the middle of guarding | alaqoruy tura edileqoruy turaellethey were in the middle of guarding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqoruy turmay edimqoruy turmayemI wasn't in the middle of guarding | senqoruy turmay ediŋqoruy turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of guarding | olqoruy turmay ediqoruy turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of guarding | bizqoruy turmay edikqoruy turmayekwe weren't in the middle of guarding | sizqoruy turmay edigizqoruy turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of guarding | alaqoruy turmay edileqoruy turmayellethey weren't in the middle of guarding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqorur edimqorur emI would guard | senqorur ediŋqorur eŋyou would guard | olqorur ediqorur edhe would guard | bizqorur edikqorur ekwe would guard | sizqorur edigizqorur egizyou all would guard | alaqorur edileqorur ellethey would guard |
| Conditional result (would) | menqorumaz edimqorumaz emI wouldn't guard | senqorumaz ediŋqorumaz eŋyou wouldn't guard | olqorumaz ediqorumaz edhe wouldn't guard | bizqorumaz edikqorumaz ekwe wouldn't guard | sizqorumaz edigizqorumaz egizyou all wouldn't guard | alaqorumaz edileqorumaz ellethey wouldn't guard |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqoruruq edimqoruruq emI would have guarded | senqoruruq ediŋqoruruq eŋyou would have guarded | olqoruruq ediqoruruq edhe would have guarded | bizqoruruq edikqoruruq ekwe would have guarded | sizqoruruq edigizqoruruq egizyou all would have guarded | alaqoruruq edileqoruruq ellethey would have guarded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqoruruq tül edimqoruruq tül emI wouldn't have guarded | senqoruruq tül ediŋqoruruq tül eŋyou wouldn't have guarded | olqoruruq tül ediqoruruq tül edhe wouldn't have guarded | bizqoruruq tül edikqoruruq tül ekwe wouldn't have guarded | sizqoruruq tül edigizqoruruq tül egizyou all wouldn't have guarded | alaqoruruq tül edileqoruruq tül ellethey wouldn't have guarded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqorusamif I guard | senqorusaŋif you guard | olqorusaif he guards | bizqorusaqif we guard | sizqorusağızif you all guard | alaqorusalaif they guard |
| Conditional | menqorumasamif I don't guard | senqorumasaŋif you don't guard | olqorumasaif he doesn't guard | bizqorumasaqif we don't guard | sizqorumasağızif you all don't guard | alaqorumasalaif they don't guard |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqoruy esemif I am guarding | senqoruy eseŋif you are guarding | olqoruy eseif he is guarding | bizqoruy esekif we are guarding | sizqoruy esegizif you all are guarding | alaqoruy eseleif they are guarding |
| Conditional, present real | menqorumay esemif I am not guarding | senqorumay eseŋif you are not guarding | olqorumay eseif he is not guarding | bizqorumay esekif we are not guarding | sizqorumay esegizif you all are not guarding | alaqorumay eseleif they are not guarding |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqorusam ediqorusam edif only I guarded | senqorusaŋ ediqorusaŋ edif only you guarded | olqorusa ediqorusaedif only he guarded | bizqorusaq ediqorusaq edif only we guarded | sizqorusağız ediqorusağız edif only you all guarded | alaqorusala ediqorusalaedif only they guarded |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqorumasam ediqorumasam edif only I didn't guard | senqorumasaŋ ediqorumasaŋ edif only you didn't guard | olqorumasa ediqorumasaedif only he didn't guard | bizqorumasaq ediqorumasaq edif only we didn't guard | sizqorumasağız ediqorumasağız edif only you all didn't guard | alaqorumasala ediqorumasalaedif only they didn't guard |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqorub tursamif I carry on guarding | senqorub tursaŋif you carry on guarding | olqorub tursaif he carries on guarding | bizqorub tursaqif we carry on guarding | sizqorub tursağızif you all carry on guarding | alaqorub tursalaif they carry on guarding |
| Durative conditional | menqorub turmasamif I don't carry on guarding | senqorub turmasaŋif you don't carry on guarding | olqorub turmasaif he doesn't carry on guarding | bizqorub turmasaqif we don't carry on guarding | sizqorub turmasağızif you all don't carry on guarding | alaqorub turmasalaif they don't carry on guarding |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqorub tura esemif I have kept guarding | senqorub tura eseŋif you have kept guarding | olqorub tura eseif he has kept guarding | bizqorub tura esekif we have kept guarding | sizqorub tura esegizif you all have kept guarding | alaqorub tura eseleif they have kept guarding |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqorub turmay esemif I haven't kept guarding | senqorub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept guarding | olqorub turmay eseif he hasn't kept guarding | bizqorub turmay esekif we haven't kept guarding | sizqorub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept guarding | alaqorub turmay eseleif they haven't kept guarding |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqoruy tursamif I keep guarding | senqoruy tursaŋif you keep guarding | olqoruy tursaif he keeps guarding | bizqoruy tursaqif we keep guarding | sizqoruy tursağızif you all keep guarding | alaqoruy tursalaif they keep guarding |
| Progressive conditional | menqorumay tursamif I keep on not guarding | senqorumay tursaŋif you keep on not guarding | olqorumay tursaif he keeps on not guarding | bizqorumay tursaqif we keep on not guarding | sizqorumay tursağızif you all keep on not guarding | alaqorumay tursalaif they keep on not guarding |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqoruy tura esemif I am in the middle of guarding | senqoruy tura eseŋif you are in the middle of guarding | olqoruy tura eseif he is in the middle of guarding | bizqoruy tura esekif we are in the middle of guarding | sizqoruy tura esegizif you all are in the middle of guarding | alaqoruy tura eseleif they are in the middle of guarding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqorumay tura esemif I keep on not guarding | senqorumay tura eseŋif you keep on not guarding | olqorumay tura eseif he keeps on not guarding | bizqorumay tura esekif we keep on not guarding | sizqorumay tura esegizif you all keep on not guarding | alaqorumay tura eseleif they keep on not guarding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqorudum esemif I guarded | senqoruduŋ eseŋif you guarded | olqorudu eseif he guarded | bizqoruduq esekif we guarded | sizqoruduğuz esegizif you all guarded | alaqorudula eseleif they guarded |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqorumadım esemif I didn't guard | senqorumadıŋ eseŋif you didn't guard | olqorumadı eseif he didn't guard | bizqorumadıq esekif we didn't guard | sizqorumadığız esegizif you all didn't guard | alaqorumadıla eseleif they didn't guard |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqoruğan esemif I did guard (indeed) | senqoruğan eseŋif you did guard (indeed) | olqoruğan eseif he did guard (indeed) | bizqoruğan esekif we did guard (indeed) | sizqoruğan esegizif you all did guard (indeed) | alaqoruğan eseleif they did guard (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqorumağan esemif I didn't guard (indeed) | senqorumağan eseŋif you didn't guard (indeed) | olqorumağan eseif he didn't guard (indeed) | bizqorumağan esekif we didn't guard (indeed) | sizqorumağan esegizif you all didn't guard (indeed) | alaqorumağan eseleif they didn't guard (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqoruğan bolsamif I had guarded | senqoruğan bolsaŋif you had guarded | olqoruğan bolsaif he had guarded | bizqoruğan bolsaqif we had guarded | sizqoruğan bolsağızif you all had guarded | alaqoruğan bolsalaif they had guarded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqorumağan bolsamif I hadn't guarded | senqorumağan bolsaŋif you hadn't guarded | olqorumağan bolsaif he hadn't guarded | bizqorumağan bolsaqif we hadn't guarded | sizqorumağan bolsağızif you all hadn't guarded | alaqorumağan bolsalaif they hadn't guarded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqoruğan bolsam ediqoruğan bolsam edif only I had guarded | senqoruğan bolsaŋ ediqoruğan bolsaŋ edif only you had guarded | olqoruğan bolsa ediqoruğan bolsaedif only he had guarded | bizqoruğan bolsaq ediqoruğan bolsaq edif only we had guarded | sizqoruğan bolsağız ediqoruğan bolsağız edif only you all had guarded | alaqoruğan bolsala ediqoruğan bolsalaedif only they had guarded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqorumağan bolsam ediqorumağan bolsam edif only I hadn't guarded | senqorumağan bolsaŋ ediqorumağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't guarded | olqorumağan bolsa ediqorumağan bolsaedif only he hadn't guarded | bizqorumağan bolsaq ediqorumağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't guarded | sizqorumağan bolsağız ediqorumağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't guarded | alaqorumağan bolsala ediqorumağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't guarded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqorur esemif I will guard | senqorur eseŋif you will guard | olqorur eseif he will guard | bizqorur esekif we will guard | sizqorur esegizif you all will guard | alaqorur eseleif they will guard |
| Conditional, aorist | menqorumaz esemif I won't guard | senqorumaz eseŋif you won't guard | olqorumaz eseif he won't guard | bizqorumaz esekif we won't guard | sizqorumaz esegizif you all won't guard | alaqorumaz eseleif they won't guard |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqoruruq esemif I am going to guard | senqoruruq eseŋif you are going to guard | olqoruruq eseif he is going to guard | bizqoruruq esekif we are going to guard | sizqoruruq esegizif you all are going to guard | alaqoruruq eseleif they are going to guard |
| Conditional, future | menqoruruq tül esemif I am not going to guard | senqoruruq tül eseŋif you are not going to guard | olqoruruq tül eseif he is not going to guard | bizqoruruq tül esekif we are not going to guard | sizqoruruq tül esegizif you all are not going to guard | alaqoruruq tül eseleif they are not going to guard |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqoruruq bolsamif I were going to guard | senqoruruq bolsaŋif you were going to guard | olqoruruq bolsaif he were going to guard | bizqoruruq bolsaqif we were going to guard | sizqoruruq bolsağızif you all were going to guard | alaqoruruq bolsalaif they were going to guard |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqorumazlıq bolsamif I were not going to guard | senqorumazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to guard | olqorumazlıq bolsaif he were not going to guard | bizqorumazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to guard | sizqorumazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to guard | alaqorumazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to guard |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qoruduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqoruy bolurmaI must be guarding | senqoruy bolursayou must be guarding | olqoruy bolurhe must be guarding | bizqoruy bolurbuzwe must be guarding | sizqoruy bolursuzyou all must be guarding | alaqoruy bolurlathey must be guarding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqorumay bolurmaI must not be guarding | senqorumay bolursayou must not be guarding | olqorumay bolurhe must not be guarding | bizqorumay bolurbuzwe must not be guarding | sizqorumay bolursuzyou all must not be guarding | alaqorumay bolurlathey must not be guarding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqoruy tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of guarding | senqoruy tura bolursayou must be in the middle of guarding | olqoruy tura bolurhe must be in the middle of guarding | bizqoruy tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of guarding | sizqoruy tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of guarding | alaqoruy tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of guarding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqorumay tura bolurmaI must keep on not guarding | senqorumay tura bolursayou must keep on not guarding | olqorumay tura bolurhe must keep on not guarding | bizqorumay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not guarding | sizqorumay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not guarding | alaqorumay tura bolurlathey must keep on not guarding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqoruğan bolurmaI must have guarded | senqoruğan bolursayou must have guarded | olqoruğan bolurhe must have guarded | bizqoruğan bolurbuzwe must have guarded | sizqoruğan bolursuzyou all must have guarded | alaqoruğan bolurlathey must have guarded |
| Inference (must have) | menqorumağan bolurmaI must not have guarded | senqorumağan bolursayou must not have guarded | olqorumağan bolurhe must not have guarded | bizqorumağan bolurbuzwe must not have guarded | sizqorumağan bolursuzyou all must not have guarded | alaqorumağan bolurlathey must not have guarded |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqoruruq bolurmaI must be going to guard | senqoruruq bolursayou must be going to guard | olqoruruq bolurhe must be going to guard | bizqoruruq bolurbuzwe must be going to guard | sizqoruruq bolursuzyou all must be going to guard | alaqoruruq bolurlathey must be going to guard |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqorumazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to guard | senqorumazlıq bolursayou must not be going to guard | olqorumazlıq bolurhe must not be going to guard | bizqorumazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to guard | sizqorumazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to guard | alaqorumazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to guard |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqoruyumlet me guard | senqoru!guard! | olqorusunlet him guard | bizqoruyuqlet's guard | sizqoruğuz!guard, you all! | alaqorusunlalet them guard |
| Commands & suggestions | menqorumayımlet me not guard | senqoruma!don't guard! | olqorumasınlet him not guard | bizqorumayıqlet's not guard | sizqorumağız!don't guard, you all! | alaqorumasınlalet them not guard |
| Commands & suggestions | menqoruyummu?shall I guard? | olqorusunmu?should he guard? | bizqoruyuqmu?shall we guard? | alaqorusunlamı?should they guard? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqorumayımmı?shall I not guard? | olqorumasınmı?should he not guard? | bizqorumayıqmı?shall we not guard? | alaqorumasınlamı?should they not guard? | ||
| Requests | senqoruçu2qoruçunplease guard | olqorusunçudo let him guard | sizqoruçuğuzplease guard (plural/polite) | alaqorusunlaçıdo let them guard | ||
| Requests | senqorumaçı2qorumaçınplease don't guard | olqorumasınçıdo let him not guard | sizqorumaçığızplease don't guard (plural/polite) | alaqorumasınlaçıdo let them not guard | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqoruğunqoruğumay you guard | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqorumağınqorumağımay you not guard | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqoruğay edim qoruğa edimwould that I guarded | senqoruğay ediŋ qoruğa ediŋwould that you guarded | olqoruğay edi qoruğa ediwould that he guarded | bizqoruğay edik qoruğa edikwould that we guarded | sizqoruğay edigiz qoruğa edigizwould that you all guarded | alaqoruğay edile qoruğa edilewould that they guarded |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqorumağay edim qorumağa edimwould that I did not guard | senqorumağay ediŋ qorumağa ediŋwould that you did not guard | olqorumağay edi qorumağa ediwould that he did not guard | bizqorumağay edik qorumağa edikwould that we did not guard | sizqorumağay edigiz qorumağa edigizwould that you all did not guard | alaqorumağay edile qorumağa edilewould that they did not guard |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorumağa qoyayımqoruma qoyayımlet me allow someone to guard | senqorumağa qoy!qoruma qoy!let someone guard! | olqorumağa qoysunqoruma qoysunlet him allow someone to guard | bizqorumağa qoyayıqqoruma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to guard | sizqorumağa qoyuğuz!qoruma qoyuğuz!let someone guard, you all! | alaqorumağa qoysunlaqoruma qoysunlalet them allow someone to guard |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorumağa qoymayımqoruma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to guard | senqorumağa qoyma!qoruma qoyma!don't let someone guard! | olqorumağa qoymasınqoruma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to guard | bizqorumağa qoymayıqqoruma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to guard | sizqorumağa qoymağız!qoruma qoymağız!don't let someone guard, you all! | alaqorumağa qoymasınlaqoruma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to guard |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorumağa qoyayımmı?qoruma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to guard? | olqorumağa qoysunmu?qoruma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to guard? | bizqorumağa qoyayıqmı?qoruma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to guard? | alaqorumağa qoysunlamı?qoruma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to guard? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorumağa qoymayımmı?qoruma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to guard? | olqorumağa qoymasınmı?qoruma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to guard? | bizqorumağa qoymayıqmı?qoruma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to guard? | alaqorumağa qoymasınlamı?qoruma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to guard? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqorumağa qoyamaqoruma qoyamaI allow someone to guard | senqorumağa qoyasaqoruma qoyasayou allow someone to guard | olqorumağa qoyadıqoruma qoyadıhe allows someone to guard | bizqorumağa qoyabızqoruma qoyabızwe allow someone to guard | sizqorumağa qoyasızqoruma qoyasızyou all allow someone to guard | alaqorumağa qoyadılaqoruma qoyadılathey allow someone to guard |
| Let someone… (present) | menqorumağa qoymaymaqoruma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to guard | senqorumağa qoymaysaqoruma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to guard | olqorumağa qoymaydıqoruma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to guard | bizqorumağa qoymaybızqoruma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to guard | sizqorumağa qoymaysızqoruma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to guard | alaqorumağa qoymaydılaqoruma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to guard |
| Let someone… (present) | menqorumağa qoyamamı?qoruma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to guard? | senqorumağa qoyamısa?qoruma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to guard? | olqorumağa qoyamıdı?qoruma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to guard? | bizqorumağa qoyabızmı?qoruma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to guard? | sizqorumağa qoyamısız?qoruma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to guard? | alaqorumağa qoyamıdıla?qoruma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to guard? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqorumağa qoymaymamı?qoruma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to guard? | senqorumağa qoymaymısa?qoruma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to guard? | olqorumağa qoymaymıdı?qoruma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to guard? | bizqorumağa qoymaybızmı?qoruma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to guard? | sizqorumağa qoymaymısız?qoruma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to guard? | alaqorumağa qoymaymıdıla?qoruma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to guard? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorumağa qoydumqoruma qoydumI allowed someone to guard | senqorumağa qoyduŋqoruma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to guard | olqorumağa qoyduqoruma qoyduhe allowed someone to guard | bizqorumağa qoyduqqoruma qoyduqwe allowed someone to guard | sizqorumağa qoyduğuzqoruma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to guard | alaqorumağa qoydulaqoruma qoydulathey allowed someone to guard |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorumağa qoymadımqoruma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to guard | senqorumağa qoymadıŋqoruma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to guard | olqorumağa qoymadıqoruma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to guard | bizqorumağa qoymadıqqoruma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to guard | sizqorumağa qoymadığızqoruma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to guard | alaqorumağa qoymadılaqoruma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to guard |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorumağa qoydummu?qoruma qoydummu?did I allow someone to guard? | senqorumağa qoyduŋmu?qoruma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to guard? | olqorumağa qoydumu?qoruma qoydumu?did he allow someone to guard? | bizqorumağa qoyduqmu?qoruma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to guard? | sizqorumağa qoyduğuzmu?qoruma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to guard? | alaqorumağa qoydulamı?qoruma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to guard? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorumağa qoymadımmı?qoruma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to guard? | senqorumağa qoymadıŋmı?qoruma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to guard? | olqorumağa qoymadımı?qoruma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to guard? | bizqorumağa qoymadıqmı?qoruma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to guard? | sizqorumağa qoymadığızmı?qoruma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to guard? | alaqorumağa qoymadılamı?qoruma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to guard? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qoruyalırğa be able to guard · qoruyalmazğa be unable to guard
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqoruyalamaI can guard | senqoruyalasayou can guard | olqoruyaladıhe can guard | bizqoruyalabızwe can guard | sizqoruyalasızyou all can guard | alaqoruyaladılathey can guard |
| Ability — present | menqoruyalmaymaI can't guard | senqoruyalmaysayou can't guard | olqoruyalmaydıhe can't guard | bizqoruyalmaybızwe can't guard | sizqoruyalmaysızyou all can't guard | alaqoruyalmaydılathey can't guard |
| Ability — present | menqoruyalamamı? qoruyalamıma?can I guard? | senqoruyalamısa?can you guard? | olqoruyalamıdı?can he guard? | bizqoruyalabızmı? qoruyalamıbız?can we guard? | sizqoruyalamısız?can you all guard? | alaqoruyalamıdıla?can they guard? |
| Ability — present | menqoruyalmaymamı? qoruyalmaymıma?can't I guard? | senqoruyalmaymısa?can't you guard? | olqoruyalmaymıdı?can't he guard? | bizqoruyalmaybızmı? qoruyalmaymıbız?can't we guard? | sizqoruyalmaymısız?can't you all guard? | alaqoruyalmaymıdıla?can't they guard? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqoruyalsamif I can guard | senqoruyalsaŋif you can guard | olqoruyalsaif he can guard | bizqoruyalsaqif we can guard | sizqoruyalsağızif you all can guard | alaqoruyalsalaif they can guard |
| Ability — if I can… | menqoruyalmasamif I can't guard | senqoruyalmasaŋif you can't guard | olqoruyalmasaif he can't guard | bizqoruyalmasaqif we can't guard | sizqoruyalmasağızif you all can't guard | alaqoruyalmasalaif they can't guard |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqoruyaldımI was able to guard | senqoruyaldıŋyou were able to guard | olqoruyaldıhe was able to guard | bizqoruyaldıqwe were able to guard | sizqoruyaldığızyou all were able to guard | alaqoruyaldılathey were able to guard |
| Ability — simple past | menqoruyalmadımI could not guard | senqoruyalmadıŋyou could not guard | olqoruyalmadıhe could not guard | bizqoruyalmadıqwe could not guard | sizqoruyalmadığızyou all could not guard | alaqoruyalmadılathey could not guard |
| Ability — simple past | menqoruyaldımmı?was I able to guard? | senqoruyaldıŋmı?were you able to guard? | olqoruyaldımı?was he able to guard? | bizqoruyaldıqmı?were we able to guard? | sizqoruyaldığızmı?were you all able to guard? | alaqoruyaldılamı?were they able to guard? |
| Ability — simple past | menqoruyalmadımmı?couldn't I guard? | senqoruyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you guard? | olqoruyalmadımı?couldn't he guard? | bizqoruyalmadıqmı?couldn't we guard? | sizqoruyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all guard? | alaqoruyalmadılamı?couldn't they guard? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqoruyalğanmaI have been able to guard | senqoruyalğansayou have been able to guard | olqoruyalğandıhe has been able to guard | bizqoruyalğanbızwe have been able to guard | sizqoruyalğansızyou all have been able to guard | alaqoruyalğandılathey have been able to guard |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqoruyalmağanmaI haven't been able to guard | senqoruyalmağansayou haven't been able to guard | olqoruyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to guard | bizqoruyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to guard | sizqoruyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to guard | alaqoruyalmağandılathey haven't been able to guard |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqoruyalğanmamı? qoruyalğanmıma?have I been able to guard? | senqoruyalğanmısa?have you been able to guard? | olqoruyalğanmıdı?has he been able to guard? | bizqoruyalğanbızmı? qoruyalğanmıbız?have we been able to guard? | sizqoruyalğanmısız?have you all been able to guard? | alaqoruyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to guard? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqoruyalmağanmamı? qoruyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to guard? | senqoruyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to guard? | olqoruyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to guard? | bizqoruyalmağanbızmı? qoruyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to guard? | sizqoruyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to guard? | alaqoruyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to guard? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqoruyalğan edimqoruyalğanemI had been able to guard | senqoruyalğan ediŋqoruyalğaneŋyou had been able to guard | olqoruyalğan ediqoruyalğanedhe had been able to guard | bizqoruyalğan edikqoruyalğanekwe had been able to guard | sizqoruyalğan edigizqoruyalğanegizyou all had been able to guard | alaqoruyalğan edileqoruyalğanellethey had been able to guard |
| Ability — past perfect | menqoruyalmağan edimqoruyalmağanemI hadn't been able to guard | senqoruyalmağan ediŋqoruyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to guard | olqoruyalmağan ediqoruyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to guard | bizqoruyalmağan edikqoruyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to guard | sizqoruyalmağan edigizqoruyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to guard | alaqoruyalmağan edileqoruyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to guard |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqoruyala edimqoruyalaemI could guard | senqoruyala ediŋqoruyalaeŋyou could guard | olqoruyala ediqoruyalaedhe could guard | bizqoruyala edikqoruyalaekwe could guard | sizqoruyala edigizqoruyalaegizyou all could guard | alaqoruyala edileqoruyalaellethey could guard |
| Ability — past background | menqoruyalmay edimqoruyalmayemI could not guard | senqoruyalmay ediŋqoruyalmayeŋyou could not guard | olqoruyalmay ediqoruyalmayedhe could not guard | bizqoruyalmay edikqoruyalmayekwe could not guard | sizqoruyalmay edigizqoruyalmayegizyou all could not guard | alaqoruyalmay edileqoruyalmayellethey could not guard |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqoruyalırmaI will be able to guard | senqoruyalırsayou will be able to guard | olqoruyalırhe will be able to guard | bizqoruyalırbızwe will be able to guard | sizqoruyalırsızyou all will be able to guard | alaqoruyalırlathey will be able to guard |
| Ability — future I | menqoruyalmazmaI won't be able to guard | senqoruyalmazsayou won't be able to guard | olqoruyalmazhe won't be able to guard | bizqoruyalmazbızwe won't be able to guard | sizqoruyalmazsızyou all won't be able to guard | alaqoruyalmazlathey won't be able to guard |
| Ability — future I | menqoruyalırmamı? qoruyalırmıma?will I be able to guard? | senqoruyalırmısa?will you be able to guard? | olqoruyalırmı?will he be able to guard? | bizqoruyalırbızmı? qoruyalırmıbız?will we be able to guard? | sizqoruyalırmısız?will you all be able to guard? | alaqoruyalırlamı? qoruyalırmıla?will they be able to guard? |
| Ability — future I | menqoruyalmazmamı? qoruyalmazmıma?won't I be able to guard? | senqoruyalmazmısa?won't you be able to guard? | olqoruyalmazmı?won't he be able to guard? | bizqoruyalmazbızmı? qoruyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to guard? | sizqoruyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to guard? | alaqoruyalmazlamı? qoruyalmazmıla?won't they be able to guard? |
| Ability — future II | menqoruyallıqmaI am going to be able to guard | senqoruyallıqsayou are going to be able to guard | olqoruyallıqdıhe is going to be able to guard | bizqoruyallıqbızwe are going to be able to guard | sizqoruyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to guard | alaqoruyallıqdılathey are going to be able to guard |
| Ability — future II | menqoruyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to guard | senqoruyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to guard | olqoruyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to guard | bizqoruyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to guard | sizqoruyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to guard | alaqoruyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to guard |
| Ability — future II | menqoruyallıqmamı? qoruyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to guard? | senqoruyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to guard? | olqoruyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to guard? | bizqoruyallıqbızmı? qoruyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to guard? | sizqoruyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to guard? | alaqoruyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to guard? |
| Ability — future II | menqoruyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to guard? | senqoruyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to guard? | olqoruyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to guard? | bizqoruyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to guard? | sizqoruyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to guard? | alaqoruyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to guard? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqoruyalır edimqoruyalır emI would be able to guard | senqoruyalır ediŋqoruyalır eŋyou would be able to guard | olqoruyalır ediqoruyalır edhe would be able to guard | bizqoruyalır edikqoruyalır ekwe would be able to guard | sizqoruyalır edigizqoruyalır egizyou all would be able to guard | alaqoruyalır edileqoruyalır ellethey would be able to guard |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqoruyalmaz edimqoruyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to guard | senqoruyalmaz ediŋqoruyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to guard | olqoruyalmaz ediqoruyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to guard | bizqoruyalmaz edikqoruyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to guard | sizqoruyalmaz edigizqoruyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to guard | alaqoruyalmaz edileqoruyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to guard |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqoruyalğınqoruyalğımay you be able to guard | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqoruyalmağınqoruyalmağımay you not be able to guard | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqorurğa izleymeI want to guard | senqorurğa izleyseyou want to guard | olqorurğa izleydihe wants to guard | bizqorurğa izleybizwe want to guard | sizqorurğa izleysizyou all want to guard | alaqorurğa izleydilethey want to guard |
| want to | menqorurğa izlemeymeI do not want to guard | senqorurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to guard | olqorurğa izlemeydihe does not want to guard | bizqorurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to guard | sizqorurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to guard | alaqorurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to guard |
| would like to | menqorurğa süemeI would like to guard | senqorurğa süeseyou would like to guard | olqorurğa süedihe would like to guard | bizqorurğa süebizwe would like to guard | sizqorurğa süesizyou all would like to guard | alaqorurğa süedilethey would like to guard |
| would like to | menqorurğa süymeymeI would not like to guard | senqorurğa süymeyseyou would not like to guard | olqorurğa süymeydihe would not like to guard | bizqorurğa süymeybizwe would not like to guard | sizqorurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to guard | alaqorurğa süymeydilethey would not like to guard |
| hope to | menqorurğa umutlanamaI hope to guard | senqorurğa umutlanasayou hope to guard | olqorurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to guard | bizqorurğa umutlanabızwe hope to guard | sizqorurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to guard | alaqorurğa umutlanadılathey hope to guard |
| hope to | menqorurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to guard | senqorurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to guard | olqorurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to guard | bizqorurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to guard | sizqorurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to guard | alaqorurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to guard |
| be about to | menqorurğa deb turamaI am about to guard | senqorurğa deb turasayou are about to guard | olqorurğa deb turadıhe is about to guard | bizqorurğa deb turabızwe are about to guard | sizqorurğa deb turasızyou all are about to guard | alaqorurğa deb turadılathey are about to guard |
| be about to | menqorurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to guard | senqorurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to guard | olqorurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to guard | bizqorurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to guard | sizqorurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to guard | alaqorurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to guard |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqorurğa kerekmeI need to guard | senqorurğa kerekseyou need to guard | olqorurğa kerekdihe needs to guard | bizqorurğa kerekbizwe need to guard | sizqorurğa kereksizyou all need to guard | alaqorurğa kerekdilethey need to guard |
| need to | menqorurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to guard | senqorurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to guard | olqorurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to guard | bizqorurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to guard | sizqorurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to guard | alaqorurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to guard |
| have to | menmenŋe qorurğa tüşediI have to guard | sensenŋe qorurğa tüşediyou have to guard | olaŋa qorurğa tüşedihe has to guard | bizbizge qorurğa tüşediwe have to guard | sizsizge qorurğa tüşediyou all have to guard | alaalağa qorurğa tüşedithey have to guard |
| have to | menmenŋe qorurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to guard | sensenŋe qorurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to guard | olaŋa qorurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to guard | bizbizge qorurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to guard | sizsizge qorurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to guard | alaalağa qorurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to guard |
| be obliged to | menqorurğa borçlumaI am obliged to guard | senqorurğa borçlusayou are obliged to guard | olqorurğa borçluduhe is obliged to guard | bizqorurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to guard | sizqorurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to guard | alaqorurğa borçludulathey are obliged to guard |
| be obliged to | menqorurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to guard | senqorurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to guard | olqorurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to guard | bizqorurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to guard | sizqorurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to guard | alaqorurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to guard |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqorurğa madarım bardıI have a way to guard | senqorurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to guard | olqorurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to guard | bizqorurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to guard | sizqorurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to guard | alaqorurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to guard |
| have a way to | menqorurğa madarım joqduI have no way to guard | senqorurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to guard | olqorurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to guard | bizqorurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to guard | sizqorurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to guard | alaqorurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to guard |
| be free to | menqorurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to guard | senqorurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to guard | olqorurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to guard | bizqorurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to guard | sizqorurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to guard | alaqorurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to guard |
| be free to | menqorurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to guard | senqorurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to guard | olqorurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to guard | bizqorurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to guard | sizqorurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to guard | alaqorurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to guard |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qorurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to guard | sensenŋe qorurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to guard | olaŋa qorurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to guard | bizbizge qorurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to guard | sizsizge qorurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to guard | alaalağa qorurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to guard |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qorurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to guard | sensenŋe qorurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to guard | olaŋa qorurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to guard | bizbizge qorurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to guard | sizsizge qorurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to guard | alaalağa qorurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to guard |
| be ready to | menqorurğa hazırmaI am ready to guard | senqorurğa hazırsayou are ready to guard | olqorurğa hazırdıhe is ready to guard | bizqorurğa hazırbızwe are ready to guard | sizqorurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to guard | alaqorurğa hazırdılathey are ready to guard |
| be ready to | menqorurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to guard | senqorurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to guard | olqorurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to guard | bizqorurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to guard | sizqorurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to guard | alaqorurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to guard |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqorurğa küreşemeI am trying to guard | senqorurğa küreşeseyou are trying to guard | olqorurğa küreşedihe is trying to guard | bizqorurğa küreşebizwe are trying to guard | sizqorurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to guard | alaqorurğa küreşedilethey are trying to guard |
| try to | menqorurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to guard | senqorurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to guard | olqorurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to guard | bizqorurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to guard | sizqorurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to guard | alaqorurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to guard |
| agree to | menqorurğa unaymaI agree to guard | senqorurğa unaysayou agree to guard | olqorurğa unaydıhe agrees to guard | bizqorurğa unaybızwe agree to guard | sizqorurğa unaysızyou all agree to guard | alaqorurğa unaydılathey agree to guard |
| agree to | menqorurğa unamaymaI refuse to guard | senqorurğa unamaysayou refuse to guard | olqorurğa unamaydıhe refuses to guard | bizqorurğa unamaybızwe refuse to guard | sizqorurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to guard | alaqorurğa unamaydılathey refuse to guard |
| hurry to | menqorurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to guard | senqorurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to guard | olqorurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to guard | bizqorurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to guard | sizqorurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to guard | alaqorurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to guard |
| hurry to | menqorurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to guard | senqorurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to guard | olqorurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to guard | bizqorurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to guard | sizqorurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to guard | alaqorurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to guard |
| be afraid to | menqorurğa qorqamaI am afraid to guard | senqorurğa qorqasayou are afraid to guard | olqorurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to guard | bizqorurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to guard | sizqorurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to guard | alaqorurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to guard |
| be afraid to | menqorurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to guard | senqorurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to guard | olqorurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to guard | bizqorurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to guard | sizqorurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to guard | alaqorurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to guard |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqoruy bolmazmaI can't be guarding | senqoruy bolmazsayou can't be guarding | olqoruy bolmazhe can't be guarding | bizqoruy bolmazbızwe can't be guarding | sizqoruy bolmazsızyou all can't be guarding | alaqoruy bolmazlathey can't be guarding |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqorumay bolmazmaI must be guarding (emphatic) | senqorumay bolmazsayou must be guarding (emphatic) | olqorumay bolmazhe must be guarding (emphatic) | bizqorumay bolmazbızwe must be guarding (emphatic) | sizqorumay bolmazsızyou all must be guarding (emphatic) | alaqorumay bolmazlathey must be guarding (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqoruy turmasamif I don't keep guarding | senqoruy turmasaŋif you don't keep guarding | olqoruy turmasaif he doesn't keep guarding | bizqoruy turmasaqif we don't keep guarding | sizqoruy turmasağızif you all don't keep guarding | alaqoruy turmasalaif they don't keep guarding |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqoruy tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of guarding | senqoruy tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of guarding | olqoruy tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of guarding | bizqoruy tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of guarding | sizqoruy tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of guarding | alaqoruy tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of guarding |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqorumay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not guarding (emphatic) | senqorumay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not guarding (emphatic) | olqorumay tura bolmazhe must keep on not guarding (emphatic) | bizqorumay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not guarding (emphatic) | sizqorumay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not guarding (emphatic) | alaqorumay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not guarding (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqorumay turamaI keep on not guarding | senqorumay turasayou keep on not guarding | olqorumay turadıhe keeps on not guarding | bizqorumay turabızwe keep on not guarding | sizqorumay turasızyou all keep on not guarding | alaqorumay turadılathey keep on not guarding |
| Progressive — double negation | menqorumay turmaymaI am not keeping on not guarding | senqorumay turmaysayou are not keeping on not guarding | olqorumay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not guarding | bizqorumay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not guarding | sizqorumay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not guarding | alaqorumay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not guarding |
| Progressive — double negation | menqorumay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not guarding? | senqorumay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not guarding? | olqorumay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not guarding? | bizqorumay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not guarding? | sizqorumay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not guarding? | alaqorumay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not guarding? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqoruğan bolmazmaI can't have guarded | senqoruğan bolmazsayou can't have guarded | olqoruğan bolmazhe can't have guarded | bizqoruğan bolmazbızwe can't have guarded | sizqoruğan bolmazsızyou all can't have guarded | alaqoruğan bolmazlathey can't have guarded |
| Inference — double negation | menqorumağan bolmazmaI must have guarded (emphatic) | senqorumağan bolmazsayou must have guarded (emphatic) | olqorumağan bolmazhe must have guarded (emphatic) | bizqorumağan bolmazbızwe must have guarded (emphatic) | sizqorumağan bolmazsızyou all must have guarded (emphatic) | alaqorumağan bolmazlathey must have guarded (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqoruğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had guarded | senqoruğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had guarded | olqoruğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had guarded | bizqoruğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had guarded | sizqoruğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had guarded | alaqoruğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had guarded |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqorumağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't guarded | senqorumağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't guarded | olqorumağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't guarded | bizqorumağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't guarded | sizqorumağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't guarded | alaqorumağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't guarded |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqoruruq bolmazmaI can't be going to guard | senqoruruq bolmazsayou can't be going to guard | olqoruruq bolmazhe can't be going to guard | bizqoruruq bolmazbızwe can't be going to guard | sizqoruruq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to guard | alaqoruruq bolmazlathey can't be going to guard |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqorumazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to guard (emphatic) | senqorumazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to guard (emphatic) | olqorumazlıq bolmazhe must be going to guard (emphatic) | bizqorumazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to guard (emphatic) | sizqorumazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to guard (emphatic) | alaqorumazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to guard (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqoruruq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to guard | senqoruruq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to guard | olqoruruq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to guard | bizqoruruq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to guard | sizqoruruq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to guard | alaqoruruq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to guard |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqorumazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to guard | senqorumazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to guard | olqorumazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to guard | bizqorumazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to guard | sizqorumazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to guard | alaqorumazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to guard |