janıwlarğa
/dʒanɯwlarʁa/
1. sharpen, hone — Typically said of whetting a scythe on a stone: çalğını janıwla "whet the scythe".
- çalqını janıwlarğa — to sharpen the scythe
- bıçaqnı janıwladı — he sharpened the knife
- men çalqını janıwlayma — I am sharpening the scythe
- atam bıçağın janıwlağandı — my father has sharpened his knife
2. incite, set against, anger — Takes the person incited as object and the target in the dative: adamnı birewge janıwla "set a person against someone". Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks this meaning Karachay.
- adamnı birewge janıwlarğa — to set a person against someone
- ol jaşnı menŋe janıwladıla — they set that boy against me
- itni börüge janıwladı — he set the dog on the wolf
- meni senŋe janıwlaydıla — they are setting me against you
- alanı bir-birine janıwlama — do not set them against each other
Conjugation
Common forms
- janıwlaydıhe is sharpening
- janıwladıhe sharpened
- janıwlağandıhe has sharpened
- janıwlarhe will sharpen
- janıwlarıqdıhe is going to sharpen
- janıwlay edihe was sharpening
- janıwlasaif he sharpens
- janıwla!sharpen!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjanıwlaymaI am sharpening | senjanıwlaysayou are sharpening | oljanıwlaydıhe is sharpening | bizjanıwlaybızwe are sharpening | sizjanıwlaysızyou all are sharpening | alajanıwlaydılathey are sharpening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjanıwlamaymaI am not sharpening | senjanıwlamaysayou are not sharpening | oljanıwlamaydıhe is not sharpening | bizjanıwlamaybızwe are not sharpening | sizjanıwlamaysızyou all are not sharpening | alajanıwlamaydılathey are not sharpening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjanıwlaymamı? janıwlaymıma?am I sharpening? | senjanıwlaymısa?are you sharpening? | oljanıwlaymıdı?is he sharpening? | bizjanıwlaybızmı? janıwlaymıbız?are we sharpening? | sizjanıwlaymısız?are you all sharpening? | alajanıwlaymıdıla?are they sharpening? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjanıwlamaymamı? janıwlamaymıma?aren't I sharpening? | senjanıwlamaymısa?aren't you sharpening? | oljanıwlamaymıdı?isn't he sharpening? | bizjanıwlamaybızmı? janıwlamaymıbız?aren't we sharpening? | sizjanıwlamaymısız?aren't you all sharpening? | alajanıwlamaymıdıla?aren't they sharpening? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjanıwlawçanmaI usually sharpen | senjanıwlawçansayou usually sharpen | oljanıwlawçandıhe usually sharpens | bizjanıwlawçanbızwe usually sharpen | sizjanıwlawçansızyou all usually sharpen | alajanıwlawçandılathey usually sharpen |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjanıwlamawçanmaI usually don't sharpen | senjanıwlamawçansayou usually don't sharpen | oljanıwlamawçandıhe usually doesn't sharpen | bizjanıwlamawçanbızwe usually don't sharpen | sizjanıwlamawçansızyou all usually don't sharpen | alajanıwlamawçandılathey usually don't sharpen |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjanıwlawçanmamı? janıwlawçanmıma?do I usually sharpen? | senjanıwlawçanmısa?do you usually sharpen? | oljanıwlawçanmıdı?does he usually sharpen? | bizjanıwlawçanbızmı? janıwlawçanmıbız?do we usually sharpen? | sizjanıwlawçanmısız?do you all usually sharpen? | alajanıwlawçanmıdıla?do they usually sharpen? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjanıwlamawçanmamı? janıwlamawçanmıma?do I usually not sharpen? | senjanıwlamawçanmısa?do you usually not sharpen? | oljanıwlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not sharpen? | bizjanıwlamawçanbızmı? janıwlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not sharpen? | sizjanıwlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not sharpen? | alajanıwlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not sharpen? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljanıwlabdıhe has sharpened and remains so | alajanıwlabdılathey have sharpened and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljanıwlabmıdı?has he sharpened? | alajanıwlabmıdıla?have they sharpened? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjanıwlab turamaI keep sharpening | senjanıwlab turasayou keep sharpening | oljanıwlab turadıhe keeps sharpening | bizjanıwlab turabızwe keep sharpening | sizjanıwlab turasızyou all keep sharpening | alajanıwlab turadılathey keep sharpening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjanıwlab turmaymaI don't keep sharpening | senjanıwlab turmaysayou don't keep sharpening | oljanıwlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep sharpening | bizjanıwlab turmaybızwe don't keep sharpening | sizjanıwlab turmaysızyou all don't keep sharpening | alajanıwlab turmaydılathey don't keep sharpening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjanıwlab turamamı? janıwlab turamıma?do I keep sharpening? | senjanıwlab turamısa?do you keep sharpening? | oljanıwlab turamıdı?does he keep sharpening? | bizjanıwlab turabızmı? janıwlab turamıbız?do we keep sharpening? | sizjanıwlab turamısız?do you all keep sharpening? | alajanıwlab turamıdıla?do they keep sharpening? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjanıwlab turmaymamı? janıwlab turmaymıma?don't I keep sharpening? | senjanıwlab turmaymısa?don't you keep sharpening? | oljanıwlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sharpening? | bizjanıwlab turmaybızmı? janıwlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep sharpening? | sizjanıwlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep sharpening? | alajanıwlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sharpening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjanıwlay turamaI am in the middle of sharpening | senjanıwlay turasayou are in the middle of sharpening | oljanıwlay turadıhe is in the middle of sharpening | bizjanıwlay turabızwe are in the middle of sharpening | sizjanıwlay turasızyou all are in the middle of sharpening | alajanıwlay turadılathey are in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjanıwlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of sharpening | senjanıwlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of sharpening | oljanıwlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sharpening | bizjanıwlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sharpening | sizjanıwlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sharpening | alajanıwlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjanıwlay turamamı? janıwlay turamıma?am I in the middle of sharpening? | senjanıwlay turamısa?are you in the middle of sharpening? | oljanıwlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of sharpening? | bizjanıwlay turabızmı? janıwlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of sharpening? | sizjanıwlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of sharpening? | alajanıwlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sharpening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjanıwlay turmaymamı? janıwlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sharpening? | senjanıwlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sharpening? | oljanıwlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sharpening? | bizjanıwlay turmaybızmı? janıwlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sharpening? | sizjanıwlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sharpening? | alajanıwlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sharpening? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjanıwladımI sharpened | senjanıwladıŋyou sharpened | oljanıwladıhe sharpened | bizjanıwladıqwe sharpened | sizjanıwladığızyou all sharpened | alajanıwladılathey sharpened |
| Simple past (definite) | menjanıwlamadımI didn't sharpen | senjanıwlamadıŋyou didn't sharpen | oljanıwlamadıhe didn't sharpen | bizjanıwlamadıqwe didn't sharpen | sizjanıwlamadığızyou all didn't sharpen | alajanıwlamadılathey didn't sharpen |
| Simple past (definite) | menjanıwladımmı?did I sharpen? | senjanıwladıŋmı?did you sharpen? | oljanıwladımı?did he sharpen? | bizjanıwladıqmı?did we sharpen? | sizjanıwladığızmı?did you all sharpen? | alajanıwladılamı?did they sharpen? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjanıwlamadımmı?didn't I sharpen? | senjanıwlamadıŋmı?didn't you sharpen? | oljanıwlamadımı?didn't he sharpen? | bizjanıwlamadıqmı?didn't we sharpen? | sizjanıwlamadığızmı?didn't you all sharpen? | alajanıwlamadılamı?didn't they sharpen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjanıwlağanmaI have sharpened | senjanıwlağansayou have sharpened | oljanıwlağandıhe has sharpened | bizjanıwlağanbızwe have sharpened | sizjanıwlağansızyou all have sharpened | alajanıwlağandılathey have sharpened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjanıwlamağanmaI haven't sharpened | senjanıwlamağansayou haven't sharpened | oljanıwlamağandıhe hasn't sharpened | bizjanıwlamağanbızwe haven't sharpened | sizjanıwlamağansızyou all haven't sharpened | alajanıwlamağandılathey haven't sharpened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjanıwlağanmamı? janıwlağanmıma?have I sharpened? | senjanıwlağanmısa?have you sharpened? | oljanıwlağanmıdı?has he sharpened? | bizjanıwlağanbızmı? janıwlağanmıbız?have we sharpened? | sizjanıwlağanmısız?have you all sharpened? | alajanıwlağanmıdıla?have they sharpened? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjanıwlamağanmamı? janıwlamağanmıma?haven't I sharpened? | senjanıwlamağanmısa?haven't you sharpened? | oljanıwlamağanmıdı?hasn't he sharpened? | bizjanıwlamağanbızmı? janıwlamağanmıbız?haven't we sharpened? | sizjanıwlamağanmısız?haven't you all sharpened? | alajanıwlamağanmıdıla?haven't they sharpened? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjanıwlab turdumI kept sharpening | senjanıwlab turduŋyou kept sharpening | oljanıwlab turduhe kept sharpening | bizjanıwlab turduqwe kept sharpening | sizjanıwlab turduğuzyou all kept sharpening | alajanıwlab turdulathey kept sharpening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjanıwlab turmadımI didn't keep sharpening | senjanıwlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep sharpening | oljanıwlab turmadıhe didn't keep sharpening | bizjanıwlab turmadıqwe didn't keep sharpening | sizjanıwlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep sharpening | alajanıwlab turmadılathey didn't keep sharpening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjanıwlarmaI will sharpen | senjanıwlarsayou will sharpen | oljanıwlarhe will sharpen | bizjanıwlarbızwe will sharpen | sizjanıwlarsızyou all will sharpen | alajanıwlarlathey will sharpen |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjanıwlamazmaI won't sharpen | senjanıwlamazsayou won't sharpen | oljanıwlamazhe won't sharpen | bizjanıwlamazbızwe won't sharpen | sizjanıwlamazsızyou all won't sharpen | alajanıwlamazlathey won't sharpen |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjanıwlarmamı? janıwlarmıma?will I sharpen? | senjanıwlarmısa?will you sharpen? | oljanıwlarmı?will he sharpen? | bizjanıwlarbızmı? janıwlarmıbız?will we sharpen? | sizjanıwlarmısız?will you all sharpen? | alajanıwlarlamı? janıwlarmıla?will they sharpen? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjanıwlamazmamı? janıwlamazmıma?won't I sharpen? | senjanıwlamazmısa?won't you sharpen? | oljanıwlamazmı?won't he sharpen? | bizjanıwlamazbızmı? janıwlamazmıbız?won't we sharpen? | sizjanıwlamazmısız?won't you all sharpen? | alajanıwlamazlamı? janıwlamazmıla?won't they sharpen? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjanıwlarıqmaI am going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıqsayou are going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıqdıhe is going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıqbızwe are going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıqsızyou all are going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıqdılathey are going to sharpen |
| Definite future (future II) | menjanıwlarıq tülmeI am not going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıq tülseyou are not going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıq tüldühe is not going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıq tüldülethey are not going to sharpen |
| Definite future (future II) | menjanıwlarıqmamı? janıwlarıqmıma?am I going to sharpen? | senjanıwlarıqmısa?are you going to sharpen? | oljanıwlarıqmıdı?is he going to sharpen? | bizjanıwlarıqbızmı? janıwlarıqmıbız?are we going to sharpen? | sizjanıwlarıqmısız?are you all going to sharpen? | alajanıwlarıqmıdıla?are they going to sharpen? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjanıwlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to sharpen? | senjanıwlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to sharpen? | oljanıwlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to sharpen? | bizjanıwlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to sharpen? | sizjanıwlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to sharpen? | alajanıwlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to sharpen? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjanıwlağan edimjanıwlağanemI had sharpened | senjanıwlağan ediŋjanıwlağaneŋyou had sharpened | oljanıwlağan edijanıwlağanedhe had sharpened | bizjanıwlağan edikjanıwlağanekwe had sharpened | sizjanıwlağan edigizjanıwlağanegizyou all had sharpened | alajanıwlağan edilejanıwlağanellethey had sharpened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjanıwlamağan edimjanıwlamağanemI hadn't sharpened | senjanıwlamağan ediŋjanıwlamağaneŋyou hadn't sharpened | oljanıwlamağan edijanıwlamağanedhe hadn't sharpened | bizjanıwlamağan edikjanıwlamağanekwe hadn't sharpened | sizjanıwlamağan edigizjanıwlamağanegizyou all hadn't sharpened | alajanıwlamağan edilejanıwlamağanellethey hadn't sharpened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjanıwlay edimjanıwlayemI was sharpening | senjanıwlay ediŋjanıwlayeŋyou were sharpening | oljanıwlay edijanıwlayedhe was sharpening | bizjanıwlay edikjanıwlayekwe were sharpening | sizjanıwlay edigizjanıwlayegizyou all were sharpening | alajanıwlay edilejanıwlayellethey were sharpening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjanıwlamay edimjanıwlamayemI wasn't sharpening | senjanıwlamay ediŋjanıwlamayeŋyou weren't sharpening | oljanıwlamay edijanıwlamayedhe wasn't sharpening | bizjanıwlamay edikjanıwlamayekwe weren't sharpening | sizjanıwlamay edigizjanıwlamayegizyou all weren't sharpening | alajanıwlamay edilejanıwlamayellethey weren't sharpening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjanıwlawçan edimjanıwlawçanemI used to sharpen | senjanıwlawçan ediŋjanıwlawçaneŋyou used to sharpen | oljanıwlawçan edijanıwlawçanedhe used to sharpen | bizjanıwlawçan edikjanıwlawçanekwe used to sharpen | sizjanıwlawçan edigizjanıwlawçanegizyou all used to sharpen | alajanıwlawçan edilejanıwlawçanellethey used to sharpen |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjanıwlamawçan edimjanıwlamawçanemI didn't use to sharpen | senjanıwlamawçan ediŋjanıwlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to sharpen | oljanıwlamawçan edijanıwlamawçanedhe didn't use to sharpen | bizjanıwlamawçan edikjanıwlamawçanekwe didn't use to sharpen | sizjanıwlamawçan edigizjanıwlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to sharpen | alajanıwlamawçan edilejanıwlamawçanellethey didn't use to sharpen |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljanıwlab edihe had sharpened and remained so | alajanıwlab edilethey had sharpened and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljanıwlab tül edihe hadn't sharpened | alajanıwlab tül edilethey hadn't sharpened | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjanıwlab tura edimjanıwlab turaemI had kept sharpening | senjanıwlab tura ediŋjanıwlab turaeŋyou had kept sharpening | oljanıwlab tura edijanıwlab turaedhe had kept sharpening | bizjanıwlab tura edikjanıwlab turaekwe had kept sharpening | sizjanıwlab tura edigizjanıwlab turaegizyou all had kept sharpening | alajanıwlab tura edilejanıwlab turaellethey had kept sharpening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjanıwlab turmay edimjanıwlab turmayemI hadn't kept sharpening | senjanıwlab turmay ediŋjanıwlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sharpening | oljanıwlab turmay edijanıwlab turmayedhe hadn't kept sharpening | bizjanıwlab turmay edikjanıwlab turmayekwe hadn't kept sharpening | sizjanıwlab turmay edigizjanıwlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sharpening | alajanıwlab turmay edilejanıwlab turmayellethey hadn't kept sharpening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjanıwlay tura edimjanıwlay turaemI was in the middle of sharpening | senjanıwlay tura ediŋjanıwlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of sharpening | oljanıwlay tura edijanıwlay turaedhe was in the middle of sharpening | bizjanıwlay tura edikjanıwlay turaekwe were in the middle of sharpening | sizjanıwlay tura edigizjanıwlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of sharpening | alajanıwlay tura edilejanıwlay turaellethey were in the middle of sharpening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjanıwlay turmay edimjanıwlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sharpening | senjanıwlay turmay ediŋjanıwlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sharpening | oljanıwlay turmay edijanıwlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sharpening | bizjanıwlay turmay edikjanıwlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sharpening | sizjanıwlay turmay edigizjanıwlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sharpening | alajanıwlay turmay edilejanıwlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sharpening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjanıwlar edimjanıwlar emI would sharpen | senjanıwlar ediŋjanıwlar eŋyou would sharpen | oljanıwlar edijanıwlar edhe would sharpen | bizjanıwlar edikjanıwlar ekwe would sharpen | sizjanıwlar edigizjanıwlar egizyou all would sharpen | alajanıwlar edilejanıwlar ellethey would sharpen |
| Conditional result (would) | menjanıwlamaz edimjanıwlamaz emI wouldn't sharpen | senjanıwlamaz ediŋjanıwlamaz eŋyou wouldn't sharpen | oljanıwlamaz edijanıwlamaz edhe wouldn't sharpen | bizjanıwlamaz edikjanıwlamaz ekwe wouldn't sharpen | sizjanıwlamaz edigizjanıwlamaz egizyou all wouldn't sharpen | alajanıwlamaz edilejanıwlamaz ellethey wouldn't sharpen |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjanıwlarıq edimjanıwlarıq emI would have sharpened | senjanıwlarıq ediŋjanıwlarıq eŋyou would have sharpened | oljanıwlarıq edijanıwlarıq edhe would have sharpened | bizjanıwlarıq edikjanıwlarıq ekwe would have sharpened | sizjanıwlarıq edigizjanıwlarıq egizyou all would have sharpened | alajanıwlarıq edilejanıwlarıq ellethey would have sharpened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjanıwlarıq tül edimjanıwlarıq tül emI wouldn't have sharpened | senjanıwlarıq tül ediŋjanıwlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have sharpened | oljanıwlarıq tül edijanıwlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have sharpened | bizjanıwlarıq tül edikjanıwlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have sharpened | sizjanıwlarıq tül edigizjanıwlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have sharpened | alajanıwlarıq tül edilejanıwlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have sharpened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjanıwlasamif I sharpen | senjanıwlasaŋif you sharpen | oljanıwlasaif he sharpens | bizjanıwlasaqif we sharpen | sizjanıwlasağızif you all sharpen | alajanıwlasalaif they sharpen |
| Conditional | menjanıwlamasamif I don't sharpen | senjanıwlamasaŋif you don't sharpen | oljanıwlamasaif he doesn't sharpen | bizjanıwlamasaqif we don't sharpen | sizjanıwlamasağızif you all don't sharpen | alajanıwlamasalaif they don't sharpen |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjanıwlay esemif I am sharpening | senjanıwlay eseŋif you are sharpening | oljanıwlay eseif he is sharpening | bizjanıwlay esekif we are sharpening | sizjanıwlay esegizif you all are sharpening | alajanıwlay eseleif they are sharpening |
| Conditional, present real | menjanıwlamay esemif I am not sharpening | senjanıwlamay eseŋif you are not sharpening | oljanıwlamay eseif he is not sharpening | bizjanıwlamay esekif we are not sharpening | sizjanıwlamay esegizif you all are not sharpening | alajanıwlamay eseleif they are not sharpening |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjanıwlasam edijanıwlasam edif only I sharpened | senjanıwlasaŋ edijanıwlasaŋ edif only you sharpened | oljanıwlasa edijanıwlasaedif only he sharpened | bizjanıwlasaq edijanıwlasaq edif only we sharpened | sizjanıwlasağız edijanıwlasağız edif only you all sharpened | alajanıwlasala edijanıwlasalaedif only they sharpened |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjanıwlamasam edijanıwlamasam edif only I didn't sharpen | senjanıwlamasaŋ edijanıwlamasaŋ edif only you didn't sharpen | oljanıwlamasa edijanıwlamasaedif only he didn't sharpen | bizjanıwlamasaq edijanıwlamasaq edif only we didn't sharpen | sizjanıwlamasağız edijanıwlamasağız edif only you all didn't sharpen | alajanıwlamasala edijanıwlamasalaedif only they didn't sharpen |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjanıwlab tursamif I carry on sharpening | senjanıwlab tursaŋif you carry on sharpening | oljanıwlab tursaif he carries on sharpening | bizjanıwlab tursaqif we carry on sharpening | sizjanıwlab tursağızif you all carry on sharpening | alajanıwlab tursalaif they carry on sharpening |
| Durative conditional | menjanıwlab turmasamif I don't carry on sharpening | senjanıwlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on sharpening | oljanıwlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on sharpening | bizjanıwlab turmasaqif we don't carry on sharpening | sizjanıwlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on sharpening | alajanıwlab turmasalaif they don't carry on sharpening |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjanıwlab tura esemif I have kept sharpening | senjanıwlab tura eseŋif you have kept sharpening | oljanıwlab tura eseif he has kept sharpening | bizjanıwlab tura esekif we have kept sharpening | sizjanıwlab tura esegizif you all have kept sharpening | alajanıwlab tura eseleif they have kept sharpening |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjanıwlab turmay esemif I haven't kept sharpening | senjanıwlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sharpening | oljanıwlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept sharpening | bizjanıwlab turmay esekif we haven't kept sharpening | sizjanıwlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sharpening | alajanıwlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept sharpening |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjanıwlay tursamif I keep sharpening | senjanıwlay tursaŋif you keep sharpening | oljanıwlay tursaif he keeps sharpening | bizjanıwlay tursaqif we keep sharpening | sizjanıwlay tursağızif you all keep sharpening | alajanıwlay tursalaif they keep sharpening |
| Progressive conditional | menjanıwlamay tursamif I keep on not sharpening | senjanıwlamay tursaŋif you keep on not sharpening | oljanıwlamay tursaif he keeps on not sharpening | bizjanıwlamay tursaqif we keep on not sharpening | sizjanıwlamay tursağızif you all keep on not sharpening | alajanıwlamay tursalaif they keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjanıwlay tura esemif I am in the middle of sharpening | senjanıwlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sharpening | oljanıwlay tura eseif he is in the middle of sharpening | bizjanıwlay tura esekif we are in the middle of sharpening | sizjanıwlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sharpening | alajanıwlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjanıwlamay tura esemif I keep on not sharpening | senjanıwlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not sharpening | oljanıwlamay tura eseif he keeps on not sharpening | bizjanıwlamay tura esekif we keep on not sharpening | sizjanıwlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not sharpening | alajanıwlamay tura eseleif they keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjanıwladım esemif I sharpened | senjanıwladıŋ eseŋif you sharpened | oljanıwladı eseif he sharpened | bizjanıwladıq esekif we sharpened | sizjanıwladığız esegizif you all sharpened | alajanıwladıla eseleif they sharpened |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjanıwlamadım esemif I didn't sharpen | senjanıwlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't sharpen | oljanıwlamadı eseif he didn't sharpen | bizjanıwlamadıq esekif we didn't sharpen | sizjanıwlamadığız esegizif you all didn't sharpen | alajanıwlamadıla eseleif they didn't sharpen |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjanıwlağan esemif I did sharpen (indeed) | senjanıwlağan eseŋif you did sharpen (indeed) | oljanıwlağan eseif he did sharpen (indeed) | bizjanıwlağan esekif we did sharpen (indeed) | sizjanıwlağan esegizif you all did sharpen (indeed) | alajanıwlağan eseleif they did sharpen (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjanıwlamağan esemif I didn't sharpen (indeed) | senjanıwlamağan eseŋif you didn't sharpen (indeed) | oljanıwlamağan eseif he didn't sharpen (indeed) | bizjanıwlamağan esekif we didn't sharpen (indeed) | sizjanıwlamağan esegizif you all didn't sharpen (indeed) | alajanıwlamağan eseleif they didn't sharpen (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjanıwlağan bolsamif I had sharpened | senjanıwlağan bolsaŋif you had sharpened | oljanıwlağan bolsaif he had sharpened | bizjanıwlağan bolsaqif we had sharpened | sizjanıwlağan bolsağızif you all had sharpened | alajanıwlağan bolsalaif they had sharpened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjanıwlamağan bolsamif I hadn't sharpened | senjanıwlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't sharpened | oljanıwlamağan bolsaif he hadn't sharpened | bizjanıwlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't sharpened | sizjanıwlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't sharpened | alajanıwlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't sharpened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjanıwlağan bolsam edijanıwlağan bolsam edif only I had sharpened | senjanıwlağan bolsaŋ edijanıwlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had sharpened | oljanıwlağan bolsa edijanıwlağan bolsaedif only he had sharpened | bizjanıwlağan bolsaq edijanıwlağan bolsaq edif only we had sharpened | sizjanıwlağan bolsağız edijanıwlağan bolsağız edif only you all had sharpened | alajanıwlağan bolsala edijanıwlağan bolsalaedif only they had sharpened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjanıwlamağan bolsam edijanıwlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't sharpened | senjanıwlamağan bolsaŋ edijanıwlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sharpened | oljanıwlamağan bolsa edijanıwlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't sharpened | bizjanıwlamağan bolsaq edijanıwlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't sharpened | sizjanıwlamağan bolsağız edijanıwlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sharpened | alajanıwlamağan bolsala edijanıwlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't sharpened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjanıwlar esemif I will sharpen | senjanıwlar eseŋif you will sharpen | oljanıwlar eseif he will sharpen | bizjanıwlar esekif we will sharpen | sizjanıwlar esegizif you all will sharpen | alajanıwlar eseleif they will sharpen |
| Conditional, aorist | menjanıwlamaz esemif I won't sharpen | senjanıwlamaz eseŋif you won't sharpen | oljanıwlamaz eseif he won't sharpen | bizjanıwlamaz esekif we won't sharpen | sizjanıwlamaz esegizif you all won't sharpen | alajanıwlamaz eseleif they won't sharpen |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjanıwlarıq esemif I am going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıq eseŋif you are going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıq eseif he is going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıq esekif we are going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıq esegizif you all are going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıq eseleif they are going to sharpen |
| Conditional, future | menjanıwlarıq tül esemif I am not going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıq tül eseif he is not going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıq tül esekif we are not going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to sharpen |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjanıwlarıq bolsamif I were going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıq bolsaif he were going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıq bolsaqif we were going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıq bolsalaif they were going to sharpen |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjanıwlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to sharpen | senjanıwlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to sharpen | oljanıwlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to sharpen | bizjanıwlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to sharpen | sizjanıwlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to sharpen | alajanıwlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to sharpen |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso janıwladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjanıwlay bolurmaI must be sharpening | senjanıwlay bolursayou must be sharpening | oljanıwlay bolurhe must be sharpening | bizjanıwlay bolurbuzwe must be sharpening | sizjanıwlay bolursuzyou all must be sharpening | alajanıwlay bolurlathey must be sharpening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjanıwlamay bolurmaI must not be sharpening | senjanıwlamay bolursayou must not be sharpening | oljanıwlamay bolurhe must not be sharpening | bizjanıwlamay bolurbuzwe must not be sharpening | sizjanıwlamay bolursuzyou all must not be sharpening | alajanıwlamay bolurlathey must not be sharpening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjanıwlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sharpening | senjanıwlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sharpening | oljanıwlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sharpening | bizjanıwlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sharpening | sizjanıwlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sharpening | alajanıwlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sharpening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjanıwlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not sharpening | senjanıwlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not sharpening | oljanıwlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not sharpening | bizjanıwlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sharpening | sizjanıwlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sharpening | alajanıwlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not sharpening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjanıwlağan bolurmaI must have sharpened | senjanıwlağan bolursayou must have sharpened | oljanıwlağan bolurhe must have sharpened | bizjanıwlağan bolurbuzwe must have sharpened | sizjanıwlağan bolursuzyou all must have sharpened | alajanıwlağan bolurlathey must have sharpened |
| Inference (must have) | menjanıwlamağan bolurmaI must not have sharpened | senjanıwlamağan bolursayou must not have sharpened | oljanıwlamağan bolurhe must not have sharpened | bizjanıwlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have sharpened | sizjanıwlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have sharpened | alajanıwlamağan bolurlathey must not have sharpened |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjanıwlarıq bolurmaI must be going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıq bolursayou must be going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıq bolurhe must be going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıq bolurlathey must be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjanıwlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to sharpen | senjanıwlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to sharpen | oljanıwlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to sharpen | bizjanıwlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to sharpen | sizjanıwlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to sharpen | alajanıwlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjanıwlayımlet me sharpen | senjanıwla!sharpen! | oljanıwlasınlet him sharpen | bizjanıwlayıqlet's sharpen | sizjanıwlağız!sharpen, you all! | alajanıwlasınlalet them sharpen |
| Commands & suggestions | menjanıwlamayımlet me not sharpen | senjanıwlama!don't sharpen! | oljanıwlamasınlet him not sharpen | bizjanıwlamayıqlet's not sharpen | sizjanıwlamağız!don't sharpen, you all! | alajanıwlamasınlalet them not sharpen |
| Commands & suggestions | menjanıwlayımmı?shall I sharpen? | oljanıwlasınmı?should he sharpen? | bizjanıwlayıqmı?shall we sharpen? | alajanıwlasınlamı?should they sharpen? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjanıwlamayımmı?shall I not sharpen? | oljanıwlamasınmı?should he not sharpen? | bizjanıwlamayıqmı?shall we not sharpen? | alajanıwlamasınlamı?should they not sharpen? | ||
| Requests | senjanıwlaçı2janıwlaçınplease sharpen | oljanıwlasınçıdo let him sharpen | sizjanıwlaçığızplease sharpen (plural/polite) | alajanıwlasınlaçıdo let them sharpen | ||
| Requests | senjanıwlamaçı2janıwlamaçınplease don't sharpen | oljanıwlamasınçıdo let him not sharpen | sizjanıwlamaçığızplease don't sharpen (plural/polite) | alajanıwlamasınlaçıdo let them not sharpen | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjanıwlağınjanıwlağımay you sharpen | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjanıwlamağınjanıwlamağımay you not sharpen | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjanıwlağay edim janıwlağa edimwould that I sharpened | senjanıwlağay ediŋ janıwlağa ediŋwould that you sharpened | oljanıwlağay edi janıwlağa ediwould that he sharpened | bizjanıwlağay edik janıwlağa edikwould that we sharpened | sizjanıwlağay edigiz janıwlağa edigizwould that you all sharpened | alajanıwlağay edile janıwlağa edilewould that they sharpened |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjanıwlamağay edim janıwlamağa edimwould that I did not sharpen | senjanıwlamağay ediŋ janıwlamağa ediŋwould that you did not sharpen | oljanıwlamağay edi janıwlamağa ediwould that he did not sharpen | bizjanıwlamağay edik janıwlamağa edikwould that we did not sharpen | sizjanıwlamağay edigiz janıwlamağa edigizwould that you all did not sharpen | alajanıwlamağay edile janıwlamağa edilewould that they did not sharpen |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjanıwlamağa qoyayımjanıwlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to sharpen | senjanıwlamağa qoy!janıwlama qoy!let someone sharpen! | oljanıwlamağa qoysunjanıwlama qoysunlet him allow someone to sharpen | bizjanıwlamağa qoyayıqjanıwlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to sharpen | sizjanıwlamağa qoyuğuz!janıwlama qoyuğuz!let someone sharpen, you all! | alajanıwlamağa qoysunlajanıwlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjanıwlamağa qoymayımjanıwlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to sharpen | senjanıwlamağa qoyma!janıwlama qoyma!don't let someone sharpen! | oljanıwlamağa qoymasınjanıwlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to sharpen | bizjanıwlamağa qoymayıqjanıwlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to sharpen | sizjanıwlamağa qoymağız!janıwlama qoymağız!don't let someone sharpen, you all! | alajanıwlamağa qoymasınlajanıwlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjanıwlamağa qoyayımmı?janıwlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to sharpen? | oljanıwlamağa qoysunmu?janıwlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to sharpen? | bizjanıwlamağa qoyayıqmı?janıwlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to sharpen? | alajanıwlamağa qoysunlamı?janıwlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to sharpen? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjanıwlamağa qoymayımmı?janıwlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to sharpen? | oljanıwlamağa qoymasınmı?janıwlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to sharpen? | bizjanıwlamağa qoymayıqmı?janıwlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to sharpen? | alajanıwlamağa qoymasınlamı?janıwlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to sharpen? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjanıwlamağa qoyamajanıwlama qoyamaI allow someone to sharpen | senjanıwlamağa qoyasajanıwlama qoyasayou allow someone to sharpen | oljanıwlamağa qoyadıjanıwlama qoyadıhe allows someone to sharpen | bizjanıwlamağa qoyabızjanıwlama qoyabızwe allow someone to sharpen | sizjanıwlamağa qoyasızjanıwlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to sharpen | alajanıwlamağa qoyadılajanıwlama qoyadılathey allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (present) | menjanıwlamağa qoymaymajanıwlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to sharpen | senjanıwlamağa qoymaysajanıwlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to sharpen | oljanıwlamağa qoymaydıjanıwlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to sharpen | bizjanıwlamağa qoymaybızjanıwlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to sharpen | sizjanıwlamağa qoymaysızjanıwlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to sharpen | alajanıwlamağa qoymaydılajanıwlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (present) | menjanıwlamağa qoyamamı?janıwlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to sharpen? | senjanıwlamağa qoyamısa?janıwlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to sharpen? | oljanıwlamağa qoyamıdı?janıwlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to sharpen? | bizjanıwlamağa qoyabızmı?janıwlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to sharpen? | sizjanıwlamağa qoyamısız?janıwlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to sharpen? | alajanıwlamağa qoyamıdıla?janıwlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjanıwlamağa qoymaymamı?janıwlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to sharpen? | senjanıwlamağa qoymaymısa?janıwlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to sharpen? | oljanıwlamağa qoymaymıdı?janıwlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to sharpen? | bizjanıwlamağa qoymaybızmı?janıwlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to sharpen? | sizjanıwlamağa qoymaymısız?janıwlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to sharpen? | alajanıwlamağa qoymaymıdıla?janıwlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjanıwlamağa qoydumjanıwlama qoydumI allowed someone to sharpen | senjanıwlamağa qoyduŋjanıwlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to sharpen | oljanıwlamağa qoydujanıwlama qoyduhe allowed someone to sharpen | bizjanıwlamağa qoyduqjanıwlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to sharpen | sizjanıwlamağa qoyduğuzjanıwlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to sharpen | alajanıwlamağa qoydulajanıwlama qoydulathey allowed someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (past) | menjanıwlamağa qoymadımjanıwlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to sharpen | senjanıwlamağa qoymadıŋjanıwlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to sharpen | oljanıwlamağa qoymadıjanıwlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to sharpen | bizjanıwlamağa qoymadıqjanıwlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to sharpen | sizjanıwlamağa qoymadığızjanıwlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to sharpen | alajanıwlamağa qoymadılajanıwlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (past) | menjanıwlamağa qoydummu?janıwlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to sharpen? | senjanıwlamağa qoyduŋmu?janıwlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to sharpen? | oljanıwlamağa qoydumu?janıwlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to sharpen? | bizjanıwlamağa qoyduqmu?janıwlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to sharpen? | sizjanıwlamağa qoyduğuzmu?janıwlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to sharpen? | alajanıwlamağa qoydulamı?janıwlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjanıwlamağa qoymadımmı?janıwlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to sharpen? | senjanıwlamağa qoymadıŋmı?janıwlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to sharpen? | oljanıwlamağa qoymadımı?janıwlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to sharpen? | bizjanıwlamağa qoymadıqmı?janıwlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to sharpen? | sizjanıwlamağa qoymadığızmı?janıwlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to sharpen? | alajanıwlamağa qoymadılamı?janıwlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to sharpen? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjanıwlayalamaI can sharpen | senjanıwlayalasayou can sharpen | oljanıwlayaladıhe can sharpen | bizjanıwlayalabızwe can sharpen | sizjanıwlayalasızyou all can sharpen | alajanıwlayaladılathey can sharpen |
| Ability — present | menjanıwlayalmaymaI can't sharpen | senjanıwlayalmaysayou can't sharpen | oljanıwlayalmaydıhe can't sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmaybızwe can't sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmaysızyou all can't sharpen | alajanıwlayalmaydılathey can't sharpen |
| Ability — present | menjanıwlayalamamı? janıwlayalamıma?can I sharpen? | senjanıwlayalamısa?can you sharpen? | oljanıwlayalamıdı?can he sharpen? | bizjanıwlayalabızmı? janıwlayalamıbız?can we sharpen? | sizjanıwlayalamısız?can you all sharpen? | alajanıwlayalamıdıla?can they sharpen? |
| Ability — present | menjanıwlayalmaymamı? janıwlayalmaymıma?can't I sharpen? | senjanıwlayalmaymısa?can't you sharpen? | oljanıwlayalmaymıdı?can't he sharpen? | bizjanıwlayalmaybızmı? janıwlayalmaymıbız?can't we sharpen? | sizjanıwlayalmaymısız?can't you all sharpen? | alajanıwlayalmaymıdıla?can't they sharpen? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjanıwlayalsamif I can sharpen | senjanıwlayalsaŋif you can sharpen | oljanıwlayalsaif he can sharpen | bizjanıwlayalsaqif we can sharpen | sizjanıwlayalsağızif you all can sharpen | alajanıwlayalsalaif they can sharpen |
| Ability — if I can… | menjanıwlayalmasamif I can't sharpen | senjanıwlayalmasaŋif you can't sharpen | oljanıwlayalmasaif he can't sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmasaqif we can't sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmasağızif you all can't sharpen | alajanıwlayalmasalaif they can't sharpen |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjanıwlayaldımI was able to sharpen | senjanıwlayaldıŋyou were able to sharpen | oljanıwlayaldıhe was able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayaldıqwe were able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayaldığızyou all were able to sharpen | alajanıwlayaldılathey were able to sharpen |
| Ability — simple past | menjanıwlayalmadımI could not sharpen | senjanıwlayalmadıŋyou could not sharpen | oljanıwlayalmadıhe could not sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmadıqwe could not sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmadığızyou all could not sharpen | alajanıwlayalmadılathey could not sharpen |
| Ability — simple past | menjanıwlayaldımmı?was I able to sharpen? | senjanıwlayaldıŋmı?were you able to sharpen? | oljanıwlayaldımı?was he able to sharpen? | bizjanıwlayaldıqmı?were we able to sharpen? | sizjanıwlayaldığızmı?were you all able to sharpen? | alajanıwlayaldılamı?were they able to sharpen? |
| Ability — simple past | menjanıwlayalmadımmı?couldn't I sharpen? | senjanıwlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you sharpen? | oljanıwlayalmadımı?couldn't he sharpen? | bizjanıwlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we sharpen? | sizjanıwlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all sharpen? | alajanıwlayalmadılamı?couldn't they sharpen? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjanıwlayalğanmaI have been able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalğansayou have been able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalğandıhe has been able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalğanbızwe have been able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalğansızyou all have been able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalğandılathey have been able to sharpen |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjanıwlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalmağansayou haven't been able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to sharpen |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjanıwlayalğanmamı? janıwlayalğanmıma?have I been able to sharpen? | senjanıwlayalğanmısa?have you been able to sharpen? | oljanıwlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to sharpen? | bizjanıwlayalğanbızmı? janıwlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to sharpen? | sizjanıwlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to sharpen? | alajanıwlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to sharpen? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjanıwlayalmağanmamı? janıwlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to sharpen? | senjanıwlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to sharpen? | oljanıwlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to sharpen? | bizjanıwlayalmağanbızmı? janıwlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to sharpen? | sizjanıwlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to sharpen? | alajanıwlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to sharpen? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjanıwlayalğan edimjanıwlayalğanemI had been able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalğan ediŋjanıwlayalğaneŋyou had been able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalğan edijanıwlayalğanedhe had been able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalğan edikjanıwlayalğanekwe had been able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalğan edigizjanıwlayalğanegizyou all had been able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalğan edilejanıwlayalğanellethey had been able to sharpen |
| Ability — past perfect | menjanıwlayalmağan edimjanıwlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalmağan ediŋjanıwlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalmağan edijanıwlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmağan edikjanıwlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmağan edigizjanıwlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalmağan edilejanıwlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to sharpen |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjanıwlayala edimjanıwlayalaemI could sharpen | senjanıwlayala ediŋjanıwlayalaeŋyou could sharpen | oljanıwlayala edijanıwlayalaedhe could sharpen | bizjanıwlayala edikjanıwlayalaekwe could sharpen | sizjanıwlayala edigizjanıwlayalaegizyou all could sharpen | alajanıwlayala edilejanıwlayalaellethey could sharpen |
| Ability — past background | menjanıwlayalmay edimjanıwlayalmayemI could not sharpen | senjanıwlayalmay ediŋjanıwlayalmayeŋyou could not sharpen | oljanıwlayalmay edijanıwlayalmayedhe could not sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmay edikjanıwlayalmayekwe could not sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmay edigizjanıwlayalmayegizyou all could not sharpen | alajanıwlayalmay edilejanıwlayalmayellethey could not sharpen |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjanıwlayalırmaI will be able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalırsayou will be able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalırhe will be able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalırbızwe will be able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalırsızyou all will be able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalırlathey will be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future I | menjanıwlayalmazmaI won't be able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalmazsayou won't be able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalmazhe won't be able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmazbızwe won't be able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalmazlathey won't be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future I | menjanıwlayalırmamı? janıwlayalırmıma?will I be able to sharpen? | senjanıwlayalırmısa?will you be able to sharpen? | oljanıwlayalırmı?will he be able to sharpen? | bizjanıwlayalırbızmı? janıwlayalırmıbız?will we be able to sharpen? | sizjanıwlayalırmısız?will you all be able to sharpen? | alajanıwlayalırlamı? janıwlayalırmıla?will they be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future I | menjanıwlayalmazmamı? janıwlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to sharpen? | senjanıwlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to sharpen? | oljanıwlayalmazmı?won't he be able to sharpen? | bizjanıwlayalmazbızmı? janıwlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to sharpen? | sizjanıwlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to sharpen? | alajanıwlayalmazlamı? janıwlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future II | menjanıwlayallıqmaI am going to be able to sharpen | senjanıwlayallıqsayou are going to be able to sharpen | oljanıwlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to sharpen | alajanıwlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future II | menjanıwlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to sharpen | senjanıwlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to sharpen | oljanıwlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to sharpen | alajanıwlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future II | menjanıwlayallıqmamı? janıwlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to sharpen? | senjanıwlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to sharpen? | oljanıwlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to sharpen? | bizjanıwlayallıqbızmı? janıwlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to sharpen? | sizjanıwlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to sharpen? | alajanıwlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future II | menjanıwlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to sharpen? | senjanıwlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to sharpen? | oljanıwlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to sharpen? | bizjanıwlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to sharpen? | sizjanıwlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to sharpen? | alajanıwlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjanıwlayalır edimjanıwlayalır emI would be able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalır ediŋjanıwlayalır eŋyou would be able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalır edijanıwlayalır edhe would be able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalır edikjanıwlayalır ekwe would be able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalır edigizjanıwlayalır egizyou all would be able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalır edilejanıwlayalır ellethey would be able to sharpen |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjanıwlayalmaz edimjanıwlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to sharpen | senjanıwlayalmaz ediŋjanıwlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to sharpen | oljanıwlayalmaz edijanıwlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to sharpen | bizjanıwlayalmaz edikjanıwlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to sharpen | sizjanıwlayalmaz edigizjanıwlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to sharpen | alajanıwlayalmaz edilejanıwlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to sharpen |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjanıwlayalğınjanıwlayalğımay you be able to sharpen | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjanıwlayalmağınjanıwlayalmağımay you not be able to sharpen | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjanıwlarğa izleymeI want to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa izleyseyou want to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa izleydihe wants to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa izleybizwe want to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa izleysizyou all want to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa izleydilethey want to sharpen |
| want to | menjanıwlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to sharpen |
| would like to | menjanıwlarğa süemeI would like to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa süeseyou would like to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa süedihe would like to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa süebizwe would like to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa süesizyou all would like to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa süedilethey would like to sharpen |
| would like to | menjanıwlarğa süymeymeI would not like to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa süymeydihe would not like to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to sharpen |
| hope to | menjanıwlarğa umutlanamaI hope to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa umutlanasayou hope to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to sharpen |
| hope to | menjanıwlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to sharpen |
| be about to | menjanıwlarğa deb turamaI am about to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa deb turasayou are about to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa deb turadıhe is about to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa deb turabızwe are about to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa deb turadılathey are about to sharpen |
| be about to | menjanıwlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to sharpen |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjanıwlarğa kerekmeI need to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa kerekseyou need to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa kerekdihe needs to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa kerekbizwe need to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa kereksizyou all need to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa kerekdilethey need to sharpen |
| need to | menjanıwlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to sharpen |
| have to | menmenŋe janıwlarğa tüşediI have to sharpen | sensenŋe janıwlarğa tüşediyou have to sharpen | olaŋa janıwlarğa tüşedihe has to sharpen | bizbizge janıwlarğa tüşediwe have to sharpen | sizsizge janıwlarğa tüşediyou all have to sharpen | alaalağa janıwlarğa tüşedithey have to sharpen |
| have to | menmenŋe janıwlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to sharpen | sensenŋe janıwlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to sharpen | olaŋa janıwlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to sharpen | bizbizge janıwlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to sharpen | sizsizge janıwlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to sharpen | alaalağa janıwlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to sharpen |
| be obliged to | menjanıwlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to sharpen |
| be obliged to | menjanıwlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to sharpen |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjanıwlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to sharpen |
| have a way to | menjanıwlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to sharpen |
| be free to | menjanıwlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to sharpen |
| be free to | menjanıwlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to sharpen |
| be possible to | menmenŋe janıwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to sharpen | sensenŋe janıwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to sharpen | olaŋa janıwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to sharpen | bizbizge janıwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to sharpen | sizsizge janıwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to sharpen | alaalağa janıwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to sharpen |
| be possible to | menmenŋe janıwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to sharpen | sensenŋe janıwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to sharpen | olaŋa janıwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to sharpen | bizbizge janıwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to sharpen | sizsizge janıwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to sharpen | alaalağa janıwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to sharpen |
| be ready to | menjanıwlarğa hazırmaI am ready to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa hazırsayou are ready to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to sharpen |
| be ready to | menjanıwlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to sharpen |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjanıwlarğa küreşemeI am trying to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa küreşedihe is trying to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to sharpen |
| try to | menjanıwlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to sharpen |
| agree to | menjanıwlarğa unaymaI agree to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa unaysayou agree to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa unaydıhe agrees to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa unaybızwe agree to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa unaysızyou all agree to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa unaydılathey agree to sharpen |
| agree to | menjanıwlarğa unamaymaI refuse to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa unamaysayou refuse to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to sharpen |
| hurry to | menjanıwlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to sharpen |
| hurry to | menjanıwlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to sharpen |
| be afraid to | menjanıwlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to sharpen |
| be afraid to | menjanıwlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to sharpen | senjanıwlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to sharpen | oljanıwlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to sharpen | bizjanıwlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to sharpen | sizjanıwlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to sharpen | alajanıwlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to sharpen |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjanıwlay bolmazmaI can't be sharpening | senjanıwlay bolmazsayou can't be sharpening | oljanıwlay bolmazhe can't be sharpening | bizjanıwlay bolmazbızwe can't be sharpening | sizjanıwlay bolmazsızyou all can't be sharpening | alajanıwlay bolmazlathey can't be sharpening |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjanıwlamay bolmazmaI must be sharpening (emphatic) | senjanıwlamay bolmazsayou must be sharpening (emphatic) | oljanıwlamay bolmazhe must be sharpening (emphatic) | bizjanıwlamay bolmazbızwe must be sharpening (emphatic) | sizjanıwlamay bolmazsızyou all must be sharpening (emphatic) | alajanıwlamay bolmazlathey must be sharpening (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjanıwlay turmasamif I don't keep sharpening | senjanıwlay turmasaŋif you don't keep sharpening | oljanıwlay turmasaif he doesn't keep sharpening | bizjanıwlay turmasaqif we don't keep sharpening | sizjanıwlay turmasağızif you all don't keep sharpening | alajanıwlay turmasalaif they don't keep sharpening |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjanıwlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sharpening | senjanıwlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sharpening | oljanıwlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sharpening | bizjanıwlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sharpening | sizjanıwlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sharpening | alajanıwlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sharpening |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjanıwlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | senjanıwlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | oljanıwlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | bizjanıwlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | sizjanıwlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | alajanıwlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjanıwlamay turamaI keep on not sharpening | senjanıwlamay turasayou keep on not sharpening | oljanıwlamay turadıhe keeps on not sharpening | bizjanıwlamay turabızwe keep on not sharpening | sizjanıwlamay turasızyou all keep on not sharpening | alajanıwlamay turadılathey keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive — double negation | menjanıwlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not sharpening | senjanıwlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not sharpening | oljanıwlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sharpening | bizjanıwlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sharpening | sizjanıwlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sharpening | alajanıwlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sharpening |
| Progressive — double negation | menjanıwlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sharpening? | senjanıwlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sharpening? | oljanıwlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sharpening? | bizjanıwlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sharpening? | sizjanıwlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sharpening? | alajanıwlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sharpening? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjanıwlağan bolmazmaI can't have sharpened | senjanıwlağan bolmazsayou can't have sharpened | oljanıwlağan bolmazhe can't have sharpened | bizjanıwlağan bolmazbızwe can't have sharpened | sizjanıwlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have sharpened | alajanıwlağan bolmazlathey can't have sharpened |
| Inference — double negation | menjanıwlamağan bolmazmaI must have sharpened (emphatic) | senjanıwlamağan bolmazsayou must have sharpened (emphatic) | oljanıwlamağan bolmazhe must have sharpened (emphatic) | bizjanıwlamağan bolmazbızwe must have sharpened (emphatic) | sizjanıwlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have sharpened (emphatic) | alajanıwlamağan bolmazlathey must have sharpened (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjanıwlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had sharpened | senjanıwlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sharpened | oljanıwlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had sharpened | bizjanıwlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sharpened | sizjanıwlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sharpened | alajanıwlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sharpened |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjanıwlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sharpened | senjanıwlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sharpened | oljanıwlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sharpened | bizjanıwlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sharpened | sizjanıwlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sharpened | alajanıwlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sharpened |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjanıwlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjanıwlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | senjanıwlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | oljanıwlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | bizjanıwlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | sizjanıwlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | alajanıwlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to sharpen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjanıwlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to sharpen | senjanıwlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to sharpen | oljanıwlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to sharpen | bizjanıwlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to sharpen | sizjanıwlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to sharpen | alajanıwlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to sharpen |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjanıwlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to sharpen | senjanıwlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to sharpen | oljanıwlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to sharpen | bizjanıwlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to sharpen | sizjanıwlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to sharpen | alajanıwlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to sharpen |