hawa
/xawa/
Definitions
1. air, the mixture of gases that living things breathe
- taza hawanı solurğa — to breathe clean air
- hawa kirsiz boladı — the air is clean
- awur hawa — heavy, stifling air
- ingirgi hawağa çığarğa — to go out into the evening air
2. weather, the condition of the atmosphere over a place — Karachay does not lexically separate the momentary state from the prevailing one: the Russian sources gloss the same expressions both as погода and as климат, and Elbrusoid glosses хауа болум itself as «а) погода; б) климат».
- hawa türlendi — the weather changed
- hawası igi jer — a place with a good climate
- hawa suwuğandı — the weather has turned cold
3. the open expanse above the ground, the sky
- hawada uçhan qara bulut — a black cloud sailing overhead
- hawada uçarğa — to fly overhead
- hawa keme — an airship
Found in
Nature & weatherFeedback
or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | hawathe air | hawalathe airs | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | hawanıthe air's | hawalanıthe airs' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | hawanıthe air (as the object) | hawalanıthe airs (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | hawağato the air | hawalağato the airs | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | hawadaat / in the air | hawaladaat / in the airs | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | hawadanfrom the air | hawaladanfrom the airs | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | hawammy air | hawalarımmy airs |
| your | hawangyour air | hawalarıngyour airs |
| his / her | hawasıhis / her air | hawalarıhis / her airs |
| our | hawabızour air | hawalarıbızour airs |
| you all's | hawağızyou all's air | hawalarığızyou all's airs |
| their | hawalarıtheir air | hawalarıtheir airs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: hawaları can mean "his / her airs", "their air", or "their airs" — context decides.