hakim
/xakim/
Definition
ruler, sovereign, lord
- hakimni buyruğu — the ruler's command
- eski zamanlada hakimle — the rulers of former times
- elni hakimi — the lord of the settlement
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | hakimthe ruler | hakimlethe rulers | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | hakimnithe ruler's | hakimlenithe rulers' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | hakimnithe ruler (as the object) | hakimlenithe rulers (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | hakimgeto the ruler | hakimlegeto the rulers | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | hakimdeat / in the ruler | hakimledeat / in the rulers | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | hakimdenfrom the ruler | hakimledenfrom the rulers | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | hakimimmy ruler | hakimlerimmy rulers |
| your | hakimingyour ruler | hakimleringyour rulers |
| his / her | hakimihis / her ruler | hakimlerihis / her rulers |
| our | hakimibizour ruler | hakimleribizour rulers |
| you all's | hakimigizyou all's ruler | hakimlerigizyou all's rulers |
| their | hakimleritheir ruler | hakimleritheir rulers |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: hakimleri can mean "his / her rulers", "their ruler", or "their rulers" — context decides.