han
/xan/ · plural hanla
khan, ruler, sovereign — The title of a feudal ruler among medieval Turkic and Mongol peoples, and the man who held it.
- ertde zamanda han jaşağandı — long ago there lived a khan
- hannı qızı — the khan's daughter
- hannı jaşı — the khan's son
- han buyruq berdi — the khan gave an order
- han qızın çaqırdı — the khan called his daughter
- han kesine küçlü qala işletedi — the khan has a strong fortress built for himself
- andan küçlü han bolmağandı — there was no khan stronger than him
- hannı allında söz aytdı — he spoke before the khan
- hanŋa hapar aytdıla — they told the khan the news
Expressions
- ol hanŋa juwab tüldü — not a proper answer
- qaraton hanŋa ulan tuwğança — great rejoicing
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | hanthe khan | hanımmy khan | hanıŋyour khan | hanıhis khan | hanıbızour khan | hanığızyou all's khan | hanlarıtheir khans |
| Genitive | hannıthe khan's | hanımımy khan's | hanıŋıyour khan's | hanınıhis khan's | hanıbıznıour khan's | hanığıznıyou all's khan's | hanlarınıtheir khans' |
| Accusative | hannıthe khan (as the object) | hanımımy khan (as the object) | hanıŋıyour khan (as the object) | hanınhis khan (as the object) | hanıbıznıour khan (as the object) | hanığıznıyou all's khan (as the object) | hanlarıntheir khans (as the object) |
| Dative | hanŋato the khan | hanımato my khan | hanıŋato your khan | hanınato his khan | hanıbızğato our khan | hanığızğato you all's khan | hanlarınato their khans |
| Locative | handain / at the khan | hanımdain / at my khan | hanıŋdain / at your khan | hanındain / at his khan | hanıbızdain / at our khan | hanığızdain / at you all's khan | hanlarındain / at their khans |
| Ablative | handanfrom the khan | hanımdanfrom my khan | hanıŋdanfrom your khan | hanındanfrom his khan | hanıbızdanfrom our khan | hanığızdanfrom you all's khan | hanlarındanfrom their khans |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | hanlathe khans | hanlarımmy khans | hanlarıŋyour khans | hanlarıhis khans | hanlarıbızour khans | hanlarığızyou all's khans | hanlarıtheir khans |
| Genitive | hanlanıthe khans' | hanlarımımy khans' | hanlarıŋıyour khans' | hanlarınıhis khans' | hanlarıbıznıour khans' | hanlarığıznıyou all's khans' | hanlarınıtheir khans' |
| Accusative | hanlanıthe khans (as the object) | hanlarımımy khans (as the object) | hanlarıŋıyour khans (as the object) | hanlarınhis khans (as the object) | hanlarıbıznıour khans (as the object) | hanlarığıznıyou all's khans (as the object) | hanlarıntheir khans (as the object) |
| Dative | hanlağato the khans | hanlarımato my khans | hanlarıŋato your khans | hanlarınato his khans | hanlarıbızğato our khans | hanlarığızğato you all's khans | hanlarınato their khans |
| Locative | hanladain / at the khans | hanlarımdain / at my khans | hanlarıŋdain / at your khans | hanlarındain / at his khans | hanlarıbızdain / at our khans | hanlarığızdain / at you all's khans | hanlarındain / at their khans |
| Ablative | hanladanfrom the khans | hanlarımdanfrom my khans | hanlarıŋdanfrom your khans | hanlarındanfrom his khans | hanlarıbızdanfrom our khans | hanlarığızdanfrom you all's khans | hanlarındanfrom their khans |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: hanları can mean "his / her khans", "their khan", or "their khans" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | hannıqıthe khan's one | hannıqılathe khan's ones | hanlanıqıthe khans' one | hanlanıqılathe khans' ones |
| Genitive | hannıqınıof the khan's one | hannıqılanıof the khan's ones | hanlanıqınıof the khans' one | hanlanıqılanıof the khans' ones |
| Accusative | hannıqınthe khan's one (as the object) | hannıqılanıthe khan's ones (as the object) | hanlanıqınthe khans' one (as the object) | hanlanıqılanıthe khans' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | hannıqınato the khan's one | hannıqılağato the khan's ones | hanlanıqınato the khans' one | hanlanıqılağato the khans' ones |
| Locative | hannıqındain / at the khan's one | hannıqıladain / at the khan's ones | hanlanıqındain / at the khans' one | hanlanıqıladain / at the khans' ones |
| Ablative | hannıqındanfrom the khan's one | hannıqıladanfrom the khan's ones | hanlanıqındanfrom the khans' one | hanlanıqıladanfrom the khans' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.