bolum

/bolum/ · plural bolumla

1. (n.) situation, condition, circumstances, state of affairs

işni bolumu — the state of affairs
üy bolum — home conditions
hawa bolum — the state of the weather
tab bolum — a favorable situation
halqnı jaşaw bolumu — the living conditions of the people
bolumğa köre eterge — to act according to the circumstances
işni bolumun aŋılatırğa — to describe the state of affairs

2. (n.) ability, aptitude; the personal qualities that enable someone to accomplish a task

bolumu bolğan adam — a capable person
bolumuna köre işleydi — he works according to his ability
anı başçılıq eter bolumu bardı — he has the ability to lead
eterge bolumu jetmedi — he lacked the ability to do it

3. (n.) adverbial modifier, a sentence element expressing such circumstances as time, place, manner, or reason (gram.)

orunnu bolumu — an adverbial modifier of place
zamannı bolumu — an adverbial modifier of time
halnı bolumu — an adverbial modifier of manner
sıltawnu bolumu — an adverbial modifier of reason
muratnı bolumu — an adverbial modifier of purpose

4. (n.) regulations, set of rules

erişiwnü bolumları — the rules of the competition
erişiwnü bolumların bileme — I know the rules of the competition
erişiwnü bolumları tohtaşdırılğandıla — the rules of the competition have been established
ayırıwlanı üsünden bolum — regulations on elections

5. (n.) environment, surroundings — Used of a physical or natural setting, as in geografiyalıq bolum 'geographic environment'.

geografiyalıq bolum — the geographic environment
kosmos bolum — the space environment

Sources

Show 8 sources

Gochiyaeva et al. 1993 · Russian–Karachay Learner's Dictionary · meanings 1, 3
Guzeev (ed.) 1996–2005 · Explanatory Dictionary of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 1, 3, 4
Guzeev 2013 · Dictionary of Homonyms of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 1, 3
Nevruz 1991 · Karachay-Balkar–Turkish Dictionary · meanings 1, 2
Otarov and Gabaeva 2000 · Russian–Balkar Explanatory Dictionary of Sectoral Vocabulary · meaning 3
Suyunchev and Urusbiev (eds.) 1965 · Russian–Karachay-Balkar Dictionary · meanings 1, 2, 5
Tenishev and Suyunchev (eds.) 1989 · Karachay-Balkar–Russian Dictionary · meanings 1–3, 5
Zhulabov et al. 1997 · School Russian–Balkar Dictionary · meanings 1, 4

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Cases and owners

Singular

Singular — cases of bolum, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	bolumthe situation	bolumummy situation	bolumuŋyour situation	bolumuhis situation	bolumubuzour situation	bolumuğuzyou all's situation	bolumlarıtheir situations
Genitive	bolumnuthe situation's	bolumumumy situation's	bolumuŋuyour situation's	bolumunuhis situation's	bolumubuznuour situation's	bolumuğuznuyou all's situation's	bolumlarınıtheir situations'
Accusative	bolumnuthe situation (as the object)	bolumumumy situation (as the object)	bolumuŋuyour situation (as the object)	bolumunhis situation (as the object)	bolumubuznuour situation (as the object)	bolumuğuznuyou all's situation (as the object)	bolumlarıntheir situations (as the object)
Dative	bolumğato the situation	bolumumato my situation	bolumuŋato your situation	bolumunato his situation	bolumubuzğato our situation	bolumuğuzğato you all's situation	bolumlarınato their situations
Locative	bolumdain / at the situation	bolumumdain / at my situation	bolumuŋdain / at your situation	bolumundain / at his situation	bolumubuzdain / at our situation	bolumuğuzdain / at you all's situation	bolumlarındain / at their situations
Ablative	bolumdanfrom the situation	bolumumdanfrom my situation	bolumuŋdanfrom your situation	bolumundanfrom his situation	bolumubuzdanfrom our situation	bolumuğuzdanfrom you all's situation	bolumlarındanfrom their situations

Plural

Plural — cases of bolum, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	bolumlathe situations	bolumlarımmy situations	bolumlarıŋyour situations	bolumlarıhis situations	bolumlarıbızour situations	bolumlarığızyou all's situations	bolumlarıtheir situations
Genitive	bolumlanıthe situations'	bolumlarımımy situations'	bolumlarıŋıyour situations'	bolumlarınıhis situations'	bolumlarıbıznıour situations'	bolumlarığıznıyou all's situations'	bolumlarınıtheir situations'
Accusative	bolumlanıthe situations (as the object)	bolumlarımımy situations (as the object)	bolumlarıŋıyour situations (as the object)	bolumlarınhis situations (as the object)	bolumlarıbıznıour situations (as the object)	bolumlarığıznıyou all's situations (as the object)	bolumlarıntheir situations (as the object)
Dative	bolumlağato the situations	bolumlarımato my situations	bolumlarıŋato your situations	bolumlarınato his situations	bolumlarıbızğato our situations	bolumlarığızğato you all's situations	bolumlarınato their situations
Locative	bolumladain / at the situations	bolumlarımdain / at my situations	bolumlarıŋdain / at your situations	bolumlarındain / at his situations	bolumlarıbızdain / at our situations	bolumlarığızdain / at you all's situations	bolumlarındain / at their situations
Ablative	bolumladanfrom the situations	bolumlarımdanfrom my situations	bolumlarıŋdanfrom your situations	bolumlarındanfrom his situations	bolumlarıbızdanfrom our situations	bolumlarığızdanfrom you all's situations	bolumlarındanfrom their situations

The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: bolumları can mean "his / her situations", "their situation", or "their situations" — context decides.

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.