açırğa
/atʃɯrʁa/
1. hurt, ache, be in pain
- qolum açıydı — my hand hurts
- sabiyni butu açıdı — the child's leg hurt
- açıdımı, balaçıq! — did it hurt, little one!
- başım açığandı — my head has begun to ache
- açımay — without pain
- açımazça — painlessly, lightly
2. suffer misfortune, come to grief
- birewnü hatasından talay adam açıdı — several people suffered through one person's fault
- adam açımasın! — may no one come to harm!
- bizni qolubuzdan jan açımasın! — may no soul suffer at our hands!
- açır közüwü bolur edi — it must have been his time to suffer
- açırıqnı quwutdan tişi tüşer — the one fated to suffer breaks a tooth even on toasted flour
3. get hurt, be hurt, be injured (in a fall or accident)
- ol jığılıb açıdı — he fell and was hurt
- atdan jığılıb açığandı — he has fallen from the horse and been hurt
4. grieve, mourn; feel sorrow over a loss
- sabiyine açığan ata — a father grieving for his child
- ol bek açıdı — he grieved deeply
- köb juwuğuna, teŋine açığandı — she has grieved for many relatives and friends
- sabiyleribizge açımayıq! — may we never grieve for our children!
- açığan ana — a grieving mother
- açımağan adam bolmaz — there is no one who has not grieved
5. turn sour, go rancid, go off (of milk or food)
- süt açıdı — the milk went sour
- şorpa açığandı — the soup has gone sour
- jaw açığandı — the butter has gone rancid
- açığan süt ayran bolmaz — soured milk will not become ayran
- isside süt terk açıydı — in the heat milk turns sour quickly
6. rise, prove (of dough)
- tılı açıdı — the dough rose
- tılı igi açığandı — the dough has risen well
- busağat tılım açırıqdı — my dough will rise any minute now
- tılı açımağandı — the dough has not risen
- tılı açığanlay — as soon as the dough has risen
- tılı açığınçı saqla — wait until the dough has risen
Expressions
- tırnağı da açımazğa — escape unharmed
Conjugation
Common forms
- açıydıhe is hurting
- açıdıhe hurt
- açığandıhe has hurt
- açırhe will hurt
- açırıqdıhe is going to hurt
- açıy edihe was hurting
- açısaif he hurts
- açı!hurt!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçıymaI am hurting | senaçıysayou are hurting | olaçıydıhe is hurting | bizaçıybızwe are hurting | sizaçıysızyou all are hurting | alaaçıydılathey are hurting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçımaymaI am not hurting | senaçımaysayou are not hurting | olaçımaydıhe is not hurting | bizaçımaybızwe are not hurting | sizaçımaysızyou all are not hurting | alaaçımaydılathey are not hurting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçıymamı? açıymıma?am I hurting? | senaçıymısa?are you hurting? | olaçıymıdı?is he hurting? | bizaçıybızmı? açıymıbız?are we hurting? | sizaçıymısız?are you all hurting? | alaaçıymıdıla?are they hurting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaçımaymamı? açımaymıma?aren't I hurting? | senaçımaymısa?aren't you hurting? | olaçımaymıdı?isn't he hurting? | bizaçımaybızmı? açımaymıbız?aren't we hurting? | sizaçımaymısız?aren't you all hurting? | alaaçımaymıdıla?aren't they hurting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçıwçanmaI usually hurt | senaçıwçansayou usually hurt | olaçıwçandıhe usually hurts | bizaçıwçanbızwe usually hurt | sizaçıwçansızyou all usually hurt | alaaçıwçandılathey usually hurt |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçımawçanmaI usually don't hurt | senaçımawçansayou usually don't hurt | olaçımawçandıhe usually doesn't hurt | bizaçımawçanbızwe usually don't hurt | sizaçımawçansızyou all usually don't hurt | alaaçımawçandılathey usually don't hurt |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçıwçanmamı? açıwçanmıma?do I usually hurt? | senaçıwçanmısa?do you usually hurt? | olaçıwçanmıdı?does he usually hurt? | bizaçıwçanbızmı? açıwçanmıbız?do we usually hurt? | sizaçıwçanmısız?do you all usually hurt? | alaaçıwçanmıdıla?do they usually hurt? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaçımawçanmamı? açımawçanmıma?do I usually not hurt? | senaçımawçanmısa?do you usually not hurt? | olaçımawçanmıdı?does he usually not hurt? | bizaçımawçanbızmı? açımawçanmıbız?do we usually not hurt? | sizaçımawçanmısız?do you all usually not hurt? | alaaçımawçanmıdıla?do they usually not hurt? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaçıbdıhe has hurt and remains so | alaaçıbdılathey have hurt and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaçıbmıdı?has he hurt? | alaaçıbmıdıla?have they hurt? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçıb turamaI keep hurting | senaçıb turasayou keep hurting | olaçıb turadıhe keeps hurting | bizaçıb turabızwe keep hurting | sizaçıb turasızyou all keep hurting | alaaçıb turadılathey keep hurting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçıb turmaymaI don't keep hurting | senaçıb turmaysayou don't keep hurting | olaçıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep hurting | bizaçıb turmaybızwe don't keep hurting | sizaçıb turmaysızyou all don't keep hurting | alaaçıb turmaydılathey don't keep hurting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçıb turamamı? açıb turamıma?do I keep hurting? | senaçıb turamısa?do you keep hurting? | olaçıb turamıdı?does he keep hurting? | bizaçıb turabızmı? açıb turamıbız?do we keep hurting? | sizaçıb turamısız?do you all keep hurting? | alaaçıb turamıdıla?do they keep hurting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menaçıb turmaymamı? açıb turmaymıma?don't I keep hurting? | senaçıb turmaymısa?don't you keep hurting? | olaçıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep hurting? | bizaçıb turmaybızmı? açıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep hurting? | sizaçıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep hurting? | alaaçıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep hurting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçıy turamaI am in the middle of hurting | senaçıy turasayou are in the middle of hurting | olaçıy turadıhe is in the middle of hurting | bizaçıy turabızwe are in the middle of hurting | sizaçıy turasızyou all are in the middle of hurting | alaaçıy turadılathey are in the middle of hurting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçıy turmaymaI am not in the middle of hurting | senaçıy turmaysayou are not in the middle of hurting | olaçıy turmaydıhe is not in the middle of hurting | bizaçıy turmaybızwe are not in the middle of hurting | sizaçıy turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of hurting | alaaçıy turmaydılathey are not in the middle of hurting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçıy turamamı? açıy turamıma?am I in the middle of hurting? | senaçıy turamısa?are you in the middle of hurting? | olaçıy turamıdı?is he in the middle of hurting? | bizaçıy turabızmı? açıy turamıbız?are we in the middle of hurting? | sizaçıy turamısız?are you all in the middle of hurting? | alaaçıy turamıdıla?are they in the middle of hurting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaçıy turmaymamı? açıy turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of hurting? | senaçıy turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of hurting? | olaçıy turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of hurting? | bizaçıy turmaybızmı? açıy turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of hurting? | sizaçıy turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of hurting? | alaaçıy turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of hurting? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçıdımI hurt | senaçıdıŋyou hurt | olaçıdıhe hurt | bizaçıdıqwe hurt | sizaçıdığızyou all hurt | alaaçıdılathey hurt |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçımadımI didn't hurt | senaçımadıŋyou didn't hurt | olaçımadıhe didn't hurt | bizaçımadıqwe didn't hurt | sizaçımadığızyou all didn't hurt | alaaçımadılathey didn't hurt |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçıdımmı?did I hurt? | senaçıdıŋmı?did you hurt? | olaçıdımı?did he hurt? | bizaçıdıqmı?did we hurt? | sizaçıdığızmı?did you all hurt? | alaaçıdılamı?did they hurt? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaçımadımmı?didn't I hurt? | senaçımadıŋmı?didn't you hurt? | olaçımadımı?didn't he hurt? | bizaçımadıqmı?didn't we hurt? | sizaçımadığızmı?didn't you all hurt? | alaaçımadılamı?didn't they hurt? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçığanmaI have hurt | senaçığansayou have hurt | olaçığandıhe has hurt | bizaçığanbızwe have hurt | sizaçığansızyou all have hurt | alaaçığandılathey have hurt |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçımağanmaI haven't hurt | senaçımağansayou haven't hurt | olaçımağandıhe hasn't hurt | bizaçımağanbızwe haven't hurt | sizaçımağansızyou all haven't hurt | alaaçımağandılathey haven't hurt |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçığanmamı? açığanmıma?have I hurt? | senaçığanmısa?have you hurt? | olaçığanmıdı?has he hurt? | bizaçığanbızmı? açığanmıbız?have we hurt? | sizaçığanmısız?have you all hurt? | alaaçığanmıdıla?have they hurt? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaçımağanmamı? açımağanmıma?haven't I hurt? | senaçımağanmısa?haven't you hurt? | olaçımağanmıdı?hasn't he hurt? | bizaçımağanbızmı? açımağanmıbız?haven't we hurt? | sizaçımağanmısız?haven't you all hurt? | alaaçımağanmıdıla?haven't they hurt? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaçıb turdumI kept hurting | senaçıb turduŋyou kept hurting | olaçıb turduhe kept hurting | bizaçıb turduqwe kept hurting | sizaçıb turduğuzyou all kept hurting | alaaçıb turdulathey kept hurting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menaçıb turmadımI didn't keep hurting | senaçıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep hurting | olaçıb turmadıhe didn't keep hurting | bizaçıb turmadıqwe didn't keep hurting | sizaçıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep hurting | alaaçıb turmadılathey didn't keep hurting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçırmaI will hurt | senaçırsayou will hurt | olaçırhe will hurt | bizaçırbızwe will hurt | sizaçırsızyou all will hurt | alaaçırlathey will hurt |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçımazmaI won't hurt | senaçımazsayou won't hurt | olaçımazhe won't hurt | bizaçımazbızwe won't hurt | sizaçımazsızyou all won't hurt | alaaçımazlathey won't hurt |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçırmamı? açırmıma?will I hurt? | senaçırmısa?will you hurt? | olaçırmı?will he hurt? | bizaçırbızmı? açırmıbız?will we hurt? | sizaçırmısız?will you all hurt? | alaaçırlamı? açırmıla?will they hurt? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaçımazmamı? açımazmıma?won't I hurt? | senaçımazmısa?won't you hurt? | olaçımazmı?won't he hurt? | bizaçımazbızmı? açımazmıbız?won't we hurt? | sizaçımazmısız?won't you all hurt? | alaaçımazlamı? açımazmıla?won't they hurt? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçırıqmaI am going to hurt | senaçırıqsayou are going to hurt | olaçırıqdıhe is going to hurt | bizaçırıqbızwe are going to hurt | sizaçırıqsızyou all are going to hurt | alaaçırıqdılathey are going to hurt |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçırıq tülmeI am not going to hurt | senaçırıq tülseyou are not going to hurt | olaçırıq tüldühe is not going to hurt | bizaçırıq tülbüzwe are not going to hurt | sizaçırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to hurt | alaaçırıq tüldülethey are not going to hurt |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçırıqmamı? açırıqmıma?am I going to hurt? | senaçırıqmısa?are you going to hurt? | olaçırıqmıdı?is he going to hurt? | bizaçırıqbızmı? açırıqmıbız?are we going to hurt? | sizaçırıqmısız?are you all going to hurt? | alaaçırıqmıdıla?are they going to hurt? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaçırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to hurt? | senaçırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to hurt? | olaçırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to hurt? | bizaçırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to hurt? | sizaçırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to hurt? | alaaçırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to hurt? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaçığan edimaçığanemI had hurt | senaçığan ediŋaçığaneŋyou had hurt | olaçığan ediaçığanedhe had hurt | bizaçığan edikaçığanekwe had hurt | sizaçığan edigizaçığanegizyou all had hurt | alaaçığan edileaçığanellethey had hurt |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaçımağan edimaçımağanemI hadn't hurt | senaçımağan ediŋaçımağaneŋyou hadn't hurt | olaçımağan ediaçımağanedhe hadn't hurt | bizaçımağan edikaçımağanekwe hadn't hurt | sizaçımağan edigizaçımağanegizyou all hadn't hurt | alaaçımağan edileaçımağanellethey hadn't hurt |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaçıy edimaçıyemI was hurting | senaçıy ediŋaçıyeŋyou were hurting | olaçıy ediaçıyedhe was hurting | bizaçıy edikaçıyekwe were hurting | sizaçıy edigizaçıyegizyou all were hurting | alaaçıy edileaçıyellethey were hurting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaçımay edimaçımayemI wasn't hurting | senaçımay ediŋaçımayeŋyou weren't hurting | olaçımay ediaçımayedhe wasn't hurting | bizaçımay edikaçımayekwe weren't hurting | sizaçımay edigizaçımayegizyou all weren't hurting | alaaçımay edileaçımayellethey weren't hurting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menaçıwçan edimaçıwçanemI used to hurt | senaçıwçan ediŋaçıwçaneŋyou used to hurt | olaçıwçan ediaçıwçanedhe used to hurt | bizaçıwçan edikaçıwçanekwe used to hurt | sizaçıwçan edigizaçıwçanegizyou all used to hurt | alaaçıwçan edileaçıwçanellethey used to hurt |
| Habitual past (used to) | menaçımawçan edimaçımawçanemI didn't use to hurt | senaçımawçan ediŋaçımawçaneŋyou didn't use to hurt | olaçımawçan ediaçımawçanedhe didn't use to hurt | bizaçımawçan edikaçımawçanekwe didn't use to hurt | sizaçımawçan edigizaçımawçanegizyou all didn't use to hurt | alaaçımawçan edileaçımawçanellethey didn't use to hurt |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaçıb edihe had hurt and remained so | alaaçıb edilethey had hurt and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaçıb tül edihe hadn't hurt | alaaçıb tül edilethey hadn't hurt | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaçıb tura edimaçıb turaemI had kept hurting | senaçıb tura ediŋaçıb turaeŋyou had kept hurting | olaçıb tura ediaçıb turaedhe had kept hurting | bizaçıb tura edikaçıb turaekwe had kept hurting | sizaçıb tura edigizaçıb turaegizyou all had kept hurting | alaaçıb tura edileaçıb turaellethey had kept hurting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menaçıb turmay edimaçıb turmayemI hadn't kept hurting | senaçıb turmay ediŋaçıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept hurting | olaçıb turmay ediaçıb turmayedhe hadn't kept hurting | bizaçıb turmay edikaçıb turmayekwe hadn't kept hurting | sizaçıb turmay edigizaçıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept hurting | alaaçıb turmay edileaçıb turmayellethey hadn't kept hurting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menaçıy tura edimaçıy turaemI was in the middle of hurting | senaçıy tura ediŋaçıy turaeŋyou were in the middle of hurting | olaçıy tura ediaçıy turaedhe was in the middle of hurting | bizaçıy tura edikaçıy turaekwe were in the middle of hurting | sizaçıy tura edigizaçıy turaegizyou all were in the middle of hurting | alaaçıy tura edileaçıy turaellethey were in the middle of hurting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menaçıy turmay edimaçıy turmayemI wasn't in the middle of hurting | senaçıy turmay ediŋaçıy turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of hurting | olaçıy turmay ediaçıy turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of hurting | bizaçıy turmay edikaçıy turmayekwe weren't in the middle of hurting | sizaçıy turmay edigizaçıy turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of hurting | alaaçıy turmay edileaçıy turmayellethey weren't in the middle of hurting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menaçır edimaçır emI would hurt | senaçır ediŋaçır eŋyou would hurt | olaçır ediaçır edhe would hurt | bizaçır edikaçır ekwe would hurt | sizaçır edigizaçır egizyou all would hurt | alaaçır edileaçır ellethey would hurt |
| Conditional result (would) | menaçımaz edimaçımaz emI wouldn't hurt | senaçımaz ediŋaçımaz eŋyou wouldn't hurt | olaçımaz ediaçımaz edhe wouldn't hurt | bizaçımaz edikaçımaz ekwe wouldn't hurt | sizaçımaz edigizaçımaz egizyou all wouldn't hurt | alaaçımaz edileaçımaz ellethey wouldn't hurt |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaçırıq edimaçırıq emI would have hurt | senaçırıq ediŋaçırıq eŋyou would have hurt | olaçırıq ediaçırıq edhe would have hurt | bizaçırıq edikaçırıq ekwe would have hurt | sizaçırıq edigizaçırıq egizyou all would have hurt | alaaçırıq edileaçırıq ellethey would have hurt |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaçırıq tül edimaçırıq tül emI wouldn't have hurt | senaçırıq tül ediŋaçırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have hurt | olaçırıq tül ediaçırıq tül edhe wouldn't have hurt | bizaçırıq tül edikaçırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have hurt | sizaçırıq tül edigizaçırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have hurt | alaaçırıq tül edileaçırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have hurt |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menaçısamif I hurt | senaçısaŋif you hurt | olaçısaif he hurts | bizaçısaqif we hurt | sizaçısağızif you all hurt | alaaçısalaif they hurt |
| Conditional | menaçımasamif I don't hurt | senaçımasaŋif you don't hurt | olaçımasaif he doesn't hurt | bizaçımasaqif we don't hurt | sizaçımasağızif you all don't hurt | alaaçımasalaif they don't hurt |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menaçıy esemif I am hurting | senaçıy eseŋif you are hurting | olaçıy eseif he is hurting | bizaçıy esekif we are hurting | sizaçıy esegizif you all are hurting | alaaçıy eseleif they are hurting |
| Conditional, present real | menaçımay esemif I am not hurting | senaçımay eseŋif you are not hurting | olaçımay eseif he is not hurting | bizaçımay esekif we are not hurting | sizaçımay esegizif you all are not hurting | alaaçımay eseleif they are not hurting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaçısam ediaçısam edif only I hurt | senaçısaŋ ediaçısaŋ edif only you hurt | olaçısa ediaçısaedif only he hurt | bizaçısaq ediaçısaq edif only we hurt | sizaçısağız ediaçısağız edif only you all hurt | alaaçısala ediaçısalaedif only they hurt |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaçımasam ediaçımasam edif only I didn't hurt | senaçımasaŋ ediaçımasaŋ edif only you didn't hurt | olaçımasa ediaçımasaedif only he didn't hurt | bizaçımasaq ediaçımasaq edif only we didn't hurt | sizaçımasağız ediaçımasağız edif only you all didn't hurt | alaaçımasala ediaçımasalaedif only they didn't hurt |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menaçıb tursamif I carry on hurting | senaçıb tursaŋif you carry on hurting | olaçıb tursaif he carries on hurting | bizaçıb tursaqif we carry on hurting | sizaçıb tursağızif you all carry on hurting | alaaçıb tursalaif they carry on hurting |
| Durative conditional | menaçıb turmasamif I don't carry on hurting | senaçıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on hurting | olaçıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on hurting | bizaçıb turmasaqif we don't carry on hurting | sizaçıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on hurting | alaaçıb turmasalaif they don't carry on hurting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menaçıb tura esemif I have kept hurting | senaçıb tura eseŋif you have kept hurting | olaçıb tura eseif he has kept hurting | bizaçıb tura esekif we have kept hurting | sizaçıb tura esegizif you all have kept hurting | alaaçıb tura eseleif they have kept hurting |
| Durative conditional, present real | menaçıb turmay esemif I haven't kept hurting | senaçıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept hurting | olaçıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept hurting | bizaçıb turmay esekif we haven't kept hurting | sizaçıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept hurting | alaaçıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept hurting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menaçıy tursamif I keep hurting | senaçıy tursaŋif you keep hurting | olaçıy tursaif he keeps hurting | bizaçıy tursaqif we keep hurting | sizaçıy tursağızif you all keep hurting | alaaçıy tursalaif they keep hurting |
| Progressive conditional | menaçımay tursamif I keep on not hurting | senaçımay tursaŋif you keep on not hurting | olaçımay tursaif he keeps on not hurting | bizaçımay tursaqif we keep on not hurting | sizaçımay tursağızif you all keep on not hurting | alaaçımay tursalaif they keep on not hurting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaçıy tura esemif I am in the middle of hurting | senaçıy tura eseŋif you are in the middle of hurting | olaçıy tura eseif he is in the middle of hurting | bizaçıy tura esekif we are in the middle of hurting | sizaçıy tura esegizif you all are in the middle of hurting | alaaçıy tura eseleif they are in the middle of hurting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaçımay tura esemif I keep on not hurting | senaçımay tura eseŋif you keep on not hurting | olaçımay tura eseif he keeps on not hurting | bizaçımay tura esekif we keep on not hurting | sizaçımay tura esegizif you all keep on not hurting | alaaçımay tura eseleif they keep on not hurting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaçıdım esemif I hurt | senaçıdıŋ eseŋif you hurt | olaçıdı eseif he hurt | bizaçıdıq esekif we hurt | sizaçıdığız esegizif you all hurt | alaaçıdıla eseleif they hurt |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaçımadım esemif I didn't hurt | senaçımadıŋ eseŋif you didn't hurt | olaçımadı eseif he didn't hurt | bizaçımadıq esekif we didn't hurt | sizaçımadığız esegizif you all didn't hurt | alaaçımadıla eseleif they didn't hurt |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menaçığan esemif I did hurt (indeed) | senaçığan eseŋif you did hurt (indeed) | olaçığan eseif he did hurt (indeed) | bizaçığan esekif we did hurt (indeed) | sizaçığan esegizif you all did hurt (indeed) | alaaçığan eseleif they did hurt (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menaçımağan esemif I didn't hurt (indeed) | senaçımağan eseŋif you didn't hurt (indeed) | olaçımağan eseif he didn't hurt (indeed) | bizaçımağan esekif we didn't hurt (indeed) | sizaçımağan esegizif you all didn't hurt (indeed) | alaaçımağan eseleif they didn't hurt (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaçığan bolsamif I had hurt | senaçığan bolsaŋif you had hurt | olaçığan bolsaif he had hurt | bizaçığan bolsaqif we had hurt | sizaçığan bolsağızif you all had hurt | alaaçığan bolsalaif they had hurt |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaçımağan bolsamif I hadn't hurt | senaçımağan bolsaŋif you hadn't hurt | olaçımağan bolsaif he hadn't hurt | bizaçımağan bolsaqif we hadn't hurt | sizaçımağan bolsağızif you all hadn't hurt | alaaçımağan bolsalaif they hadn't hurt |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaçığan bolsam ediaçığan bolsam edif only I had hurt | senaçığan bolsaŋ ediaçığan bolsaŋ edif only you had hurt | olaçığan bolsa ediaçığan bolsaedif only he had hurt | bizaçığan bolsaq ediaçığan bolsaq edif only we had hurt | sizaçığan bolsağız ediaçığan bolsağız edif only you all had hurt | alaaçığan bolsala ediaçığan bolsalaedif only they had hurt |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaçımağan bolsam ediaçımağan bolsam edif only I hadn't hurt | senaçımağan bolsaŋ ediaçımağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't hurt | olaçımağan bolsa ediaçımağan bolsaedif only he hadn't hurt | bizaçımağan bolsaq ediaçımağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't hurt | sizaçımağan bolsağız ediaçımağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't hurt | alaaçımağan bolsala ediaçımağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't hurt |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menaçır esemif I will hurt | senaçır eseŋif you will hurt | olaçır eseif he will hurt | bizaçır esekif we will hurt | sizaçır esegizif you all will hurt | alaaçır eseleif they will hurt |
| Conditional, aorist | menaçımaz esemif I won't hurt | senaçımaz eseŋif you won't hurt | olaçımaz eseif he won't hurt | bizaçımaz esekif we won't hurt | sizaçımaz esegizif you all won't hurt | alaaçımaz eseleif they won't hurt |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menaçırıq esemif I am going to hurt | senaçırıq eseŋif you are going to hurt | olaçırıq eseif he is going to hurt | bizaçırıq esekif we are going to hurt | sizaçırıq esegizif you all are going to hurt | alaaçırıq eseleif they are going to hurt |
| Conditional, future | menaçırıq tül esemif I am not going to hurt | senaçırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to hurt | olaçırıq tül eseif he is not going to hurt | bizaçırıq tül esekif we are not going to hurt | sizaçırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to hurt | alaaçırıq tül eseleif they are not going to hurt |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaçırıq bolsamif I were going to hurt | senaçırıq bolsaŋif you were going to hurt | olaçırıq bolsaif he were going to hurt | bizaçırıq bolsaqif we were going to hurt | sizaçırıq bolsağızif you all were going to hurt | alaaçırıq bolsalaif they were going to hurt |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaçımazlıq bolsamif I were not going to hurt | senaçımazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to hurt | olaçımazlıq bolsaif he were not going to hurt | bizaçımazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to hurt | sizaçımazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to hurt | alaaçımazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to hurt |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso açıdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaçıy bolurmaI must be hurting | senaçıy bolursayou must be hurting | olaçıy bolurhe must be hurting | bizaçıy bolurbuzwe must be hurting | sizaçıy bolursuzyou all must be hurting | alaaçıy bolurlathey must be hurting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaçımay bolurmaI must not be hurting | senaçımay bolursayou must not be hurting | olaçımay bolurhe must not be hurting | bizaçımay bolurbuzwe must not be hurting | sizaçımay bolursuzyou all must not be hurting | alaaçımay bolurlathey must not be hurting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaçıy tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of hurting | senaçıy tura bolursayou must be in the middle of hurting | olaçıy tura bolurhe must be in the middle of hurting | bizaçıy tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of hurting | sizaçıy tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of hurting | alaaçıy tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of hurting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaçımay tura bolurmaI must keep on not hurting | senaçımay tura bolursayou must keep on not hurting | olaçımay tura bolurhe must keep on not hurting | bizaçımay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not hurting | sizaçımay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not hurting | alaaçımay tura bolurlathey must keep on not hurting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menaçığan bolurmaI must have hurt | senaçığan bolursayou must have hurt | olaçığan bolurhe must have hurt | bizaçığan bolurbuzwe must have hurt | sizaçığan bolursuzyou all must have hurt | alaaçığan bolurlathey must have hurt |
| Inference (must have) | menaçımağan bolurmaI must not have hurt | senaçımağan bolursayou must not have hurt | olaçımağan bolurhe must not have hurt | bizaçımağan bolurbuzwe must not have hurt | sizaçımağan bolursuzyou all must not have hurt | alaaçımağan bolurlathey must not have hurt |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaçırıq bolurmaI must be going to hurt | senaçırıq bolursayou must be going to hurt | olaçırıq bolurhe must be going to hurt | bizaçırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to hurt | sizaçırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to hurt | alaaçırıq bolurlathey must be going to hurt |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaçımazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to hurt | senaçımazlıq bolursayou must not be going to hurt | olaçımazlıq bolurhe must not be going to hurt | bizaçımazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to hurt | sizaçımazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to hurt | alaaçımazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to hurt |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menaçıyımlet me hurt | senaçı!hurt! | olaçısınlet him hurt | bizaçıyıqlet's hurt | sizaçığız!hurt, you all! | alaaçısınlalet them hurt |
| Commands & suggestions | menaçımayımlet me not hurt | senaçıma!don't hurt! | olaçımasınlet him not hurt | bizaçımayıqlet's not hurt | sizaçımağız!don't hurt, you all! | alaaçımasınlalet them not hurt |
| Commands & suggestions | menaçıyımmı?shall I hurt? | olaçısınmı?should he hurt? | bizaçıyıqmı?shall we hurt? | alaaçısınlamı?should they hurt? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menaçımayımmı?shall I not hurt? | olaçımasınmı?should he not hurt? | bizaçımayıqmı?shall we not hurt? | alaaçımasınlamı?should they not hurt? | ||
| Requests | senaçıçı2açıçınplease hurt | olaçısınçıdo let him hurt | sizaçıçığızplease hurt (plural/polite) | alaaçısınlaçıdo let them hurt | ||
| Requests | senaçımaçı2açımaçınplease don't hurt | olaçımasınçıdo let him not hurt | sizaçımaçığızplease don't hurt (plural/polite) | alaaçımasınlaçıdo let them not hurt | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaçığınaçığımay you hurt | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaçımağınaçımağımay you not hurt | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaçığay edim açığa edimwould that I hurt | senaçığay ediŋ açığa ediŋwould that you hurt | olaçığay edi açığa ediwould that he hurt | bizaçığay edik açığa edikwould that we hurt | sizaçığay edigiz açığa edigizwould that you all hurt | alaaçığay edile açığa edilewould that they hurt |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaçımağay edim açımağa edimwould that I did not hurt | senaçımağay ediŋ açımağa ediŋwould that you did not hurt | olaçımağay edi açımağa ediwould that he did not hurt | bizaçımağay edik açımağa edikwould that we did not hurt | sizaçımağay edigiz açımağa edigizwould that you all did not hurt | alaaçımağay edile açımağa edilewould that they did not hurt |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçımağa qoyayımaçıma qoyayımlet me allow someone to hurt | senaçımağa qoy!açıma qoy!let someone hurt! | olaçımağa qoysunaçıma qoysunlet him allow someone to hurt | bizaçımağa qoyayıqaçıma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to hurt | sizaçımağa qoyuğuz!açıma qoyuğuz!let someone hurt, you all! | alaaçımağa qoysunlaaçıma qoysunlalet them allow someone to hurt |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçımağa qoymayımaçıma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to hurt | senaçımağa qoyma!açıma qoyma!don't let someone hurt! | olaçımağa qoymasınaçıma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to hurt | bizaçımağa qoymayıqaçıma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to hurt | sizaçımağa qoymağız!açıma qoymağız!don't let someone hurt, you all! | alaaçımağa qoymasınlaaçıma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to hurt |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçımağa qoyayımmı?açıma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to hurt? | olaçımağa qoysunmu?açıma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to hurt? | bizaçımağa qoyayıqmı?açıma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to hurt? | alaaçımağa qoysunlamı?açıma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to hurt? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaçımağa qoymayımmı?açıma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to hurt? | olaçımağa qoymasınmı?açıma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to hurt? | bizaçımağa qoymayıqmı?açıma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to hurt? | alaaçımağa qoymasınlamı?açıma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to hurt? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menaçımağa qoyamaaçıma qoyamaI allow someone to hurt | senaçımağa qoyasaaçıma qoyasayou allow someone to hurt | olaçımağa qoyadıaçıma qoyadıhe allows someone to hurt | bizaçımağa qoyabızaçıma qoyabızwe allow someone to hurt | sizaçımağa qoyasızaçıma qoyasızyou all allow someone to hurt | alaaçımağa qoyadılaaçıma qoyadılathey allow someone to hurt |
| Let someone… (present) | menaçımağa qoymaymaaçıma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to hurt | senaçımağa qoymaysaaçıma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to hurt | olaçımağa qoymaydıaçıma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to hurt | bizaçımağa qoymaybızaçıma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to hurt | sizaçımağa qoymaysızaçıma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to hurt | alaaçımağa qoymaydılaaçıma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to hurt |
| Let someone… (present) | menaçımağa qoyamamı?açıma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to hurt? | senaçımağa qoyamısa?açıma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to hurt? | olaçımağa qoyamıdı?açıma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to hurt? | bizaçımağa qoyabızmı?açıma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to hurt? | sizaçımağa qoyamısız?açıma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to hurt? | alaaçımağa qoyamıdıla?açıma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to hurt? |
| Let someone… (present) | menaçımağa qoymaymamı?açıma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to hurt? | senaçımağa qoymaymısa?açıma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to hurt? | olaçımağa qoymaymıdı?açıma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to hurt? | bizaçımağa qoymaybızmı?açıma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to hurt? | sizaçımağa qoymaymısız?açıma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to hurt? | alaaçımağa qoymaymıdıla?açıma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to hurt? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçımağa qoydumaçıma qoydumI allowed someone to hurt | senaçımağa qoyduŋaçıma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to hurt | olaçımağa qoyduaçıma qoyduhe allowed someone to hurt | bizaçımağa qoyduqaçıma qoyduqwe allowed someone to hurt | sizaçımağa qoyduğuzaçıma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to hurt | alaaçımağa qoydulaaçıma qoydulathey allowed someone to hurt |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçımağa qoymadımaçıma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to hurt | senaçımağa qoymadıŋaçıma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to hurt | olaçımağa qoymadıaçıma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to hurt | bizaçımağa qoymadıqaçıma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to hurt | sizaçımağa qoymadığızaçıma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to hurt | alaaçımağa qoymadılaaçıma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to hurt |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçımağa qoydummu?açıma qoydummu?did I allow someone to hurt? | senaçımağa qoyduŋmu?açıma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to hurt? | olaçımağa qoydumu?açıma qoydumu?did he allow someone to hurt? | bizaçımağa qoyduqmu?açıma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to hurt? | sizaçımağa qoyduğuzmu?açıma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to hurt? | alaaçımağa qoydulamı?açıma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to hurt? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaçımağa qoymadımmı?açıma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to hurt? | senaçımağa qoymadıŋmı?açıma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to hurt? | olaçımağa qoymadımı?açıma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to hurt? | bizaçımağa qoymadıqmı?açıma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to hurt? | sizaçımağa qoymadığızmı?açıma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to hurt? | alaaçımağa qoymadılamı?açıma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to hurt? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
açıyalırğa be able to hurt · açıyalmazğa be unable to hurt
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menaçıyalamaI can hurt | senaçıyalasayou can hurt | olaçıyaladıhe can hurt | bizaçıyalabızwe can hurt | sizaçıyalasızyou all can hurt | alaaçıyaladılathey can hurt |
| Ability — present | menaçıyalmaymaI can't hurt | senaçıyalmaysayou can't hurt | olaçıyalmaydıhe can't hurt | bizaçıyalmaybızwe can't hurt | sizaçıyalmaysızyou all can't hurt | alaaçıyalmaydılathey can't hurt |
| Ability — present | menaçıyalamamı? açıyalamıma?can I hurt? | senaçıyalamısa?can you hurt? | olaçıyalamıdı?can he hurt? | bizaçıyalabızmı? açıyalamıbız?can we hurt? | sizaçıyalamısız?can you all hurt? | alaaçıyalamıdıla?can they hurt? |
| Ability — present | menaçıyalmaymamı? açıyalmaymıma?can't I hurt? | senaçıyalmaymısa?can't you hurt? | olaçıyalmaymıdı?can't he hurt? | bizaçıyalmaybızmı? açıyalmaymıbız?can't we hurt? | sizaçıyalmaymısız?can't you all hurt? | alaaçıyalmaymıdıla?can't they hurt? |
| Ability — if I can… | menaçıyalsamif I can hurt | senaçıyalsaŋif you can hurt | olaçıyalsaif he can hurt | bizaçıyalsaqif we can hurt | sizaçıyalsağızif you all can hurt | alaaçıyalsalaif they can hurt |
| Ability — if I can… | menaçıyalmasamif I can't hurt | senaçıyalmasaŋif you can't hurt | olaçıyalmasaif he can't hurt | bizaçıyalmasaqif we can't hurt | sizaçıyalmasağızif you all can't hurt | alaaçıyalmasalaif they can't hurt |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menaçıyaldımI was able to hurt | senaçıyaldıŋyou were able to hurt | olaçıyaldıhe was able to hurt | bizaçıyaldıqwe were able to hurt | sizaçıyaldığızyou all were able to hurt | alaaçıyaldılathey were able to hurt |
| Ability — simple past | menaçıyalmadımI could not hurt | senaçıyalmadıŋyou could not hurt | olaçıyalmadıhe could not hurt | bizaçıyalmadıqwe could not hurt | sizaçıyalmadığızyou all could not hurt | alaaçıyalmadılathey could not hurt |
| Ability — simple past | menaçıyaldımmı?was I able to hurt? | senaçıyaldıŋmı?were you able to hurt? | olaçıyaldımı?was he able to hurt? | bizaçıyaldıqmı?were we able to hurt? | sizaçıyaldığızmı?were you all able to hurt? | alaaçıyaldılamı?were they able to hurt? |
| Ability — simple past | menaçıyalmadımmı?couldn't I hurt? | senaçıyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you hurt? | olaçıyalmadımı?couldn't he hurt? | bizaçıyalmadıqmı?couldn't we hurt? | sizaçıyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all hurt? | alaaçıyalmadılamı?couldn't they hurt? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçıyalğanmaI have been able to hurt | senaçıyalğansayou have been able to hurt | olaçıyalğandıhe has been able to hurt | bizaçıyalğanbızwe have been able to hurt | sizaçıyalğansızyou all have been able to hurt | alaaçıyalğandılathey have been able to hurt |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçıyalmağanmaI haven't been able to hurt | senaçıyalmağansayou haven't been able to hurt | olaçıyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to hurt | bizaçıyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to hurt | sizaçıyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to hurt | alaaçıyalmağandılathey haven't been able to hurt |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçıyalğanmamı? açıyalğanmıma?have I been able to hurt? | senaçıyalğanmısa?have you been able to hurt? | olaçıyalğanmıdı?has he been able to hurt? | bizaçıyalğanbızmı? açıyalğanmıbız?have we been able to hurt? | sizaçıyalğanmısız?have you all been able to hurt? | alaaçıyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to hurt? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaçıyalmağanmamı? açıyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to hurt? | senaçıyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to hurt? | olaçıyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to hurt? | bizaçıyalmağanbızmı? açıyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to hurt? | sizaçıyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to hurt? | alaaçıyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to hurt? |
| Ability — past perfect | menaçıyalğan edimaçıyalğanemI had been able to hurt | senaçıyalğan ediŋaçıyalğaneŋyou had been able to hurt | olaçıyalğan ediaçıyalğanedhe had been able to hurt | bizaçıyalğan edikaçıyalğanekwe had been able to hurt | sizaçıyalğan edigizaçıyalğanegizyou all had been able to hurt | alaaçıyalğan edileaçıyalğanellethey had been able to hurt |
| Ability — past perfect | menaçıyalmağan edimaçıyalmağanemI hadn't been able to hurt | senaçıyalmağan ediŋaçıyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to hurt | olaçıyalmağan ediaçıyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to hurt | bizaçıyalmağan edikaçıyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to hurt | sizaçıyalmağan edigizaçıyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to hurt | alaaçıyalmağan edileaçıyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to hurt |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menaçıyala edimaçıyalaemI could hurt | senaçıyala ediŋaçıyalaeŋyou could hurt | olaçıyala ediaçıyalaedhe could hurt | bizaçıyala edikaçıyalaekwe could hurt | sizaçıyala edigizaçıyalaegizyou all could hurt | alaaçıyala edileaçıyalaellethey could hurt |
| Ability — past background | menaçıyalmay edimaçıyalmayemI could not hurt | senaçıyalmay ediŋaçıyalmayeŋyou could not hurt | olaçıyalmay ediaçıyalmayedhe could not hurt | bizaçıyalmay edikaçıyalmayekwe could not hurt | sizaçıyalmay edigizaçıyalmayegizyou all could not hurt | alaaçıyalmay edileaçıyalmayellethey could not hurt |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menaçıyalırmaI will be able to hurt | senaçıyalırsayou will be able to hurt | olaçıyalırhe will be able to hurt | bizaçıyalırbızwe will be able to hurt | sizaçıyalırsızyou all will be able to hurt | alaaçıyalırlathey will be able to hurt |
| Ability — future I | menaçıyalmazmaI won't be able to hurt | senaçıyalmazsayou won't be able to hurt | olaçıyalmazhe won't be able to hurt | bizaçıyalmazbızwe won't be able to hurt | sizaçıyalmazsızyou all won't be able to hurt | alaaçıyalmazlathey won't be able to hurt |
| Ability — future I | menaçıyalırmamı? açıyalırmıma?will I be able to hurt? | senaçıyalırmısa?will you be able to hurt? | olaçıyalırmı?will he be able to hurt? | bizaçıyalırbızmı? açıyalırmıbız?will we be able to hurt? | sizaçıyalırmısız?will you all be able to hurt? | alaaçıyalırlamı? açıyalırmıla?will they be able to hurt? |
| Ability — future I | menaçıyalmazmamı? açıyalmazmıma?won't I be able to hurt? | senaçıyalmazmısa?won't you be able to hurt? | olaçıyalmazmı?won't he be able to hurt? | bizaçıyalmazbızmı? açıyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to hurt? | sizaçıyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to hurt? | alaaçıyalmazlamı? açıyalmazmıla?won't they be able to hurt? |
| Ability — future II | menaçıyallıqmaI am going to be able to hurt | senaçıyallıqsayou are going to be able to hurt | olaçıyallıqdıhe is going to be able to hurt | bizaçıyallıqbızwe are going to be able to hurt | sizaçıyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to hurt | alaaçıyallıqdılathey are going to be able to hurt |
| Ability — future II | menaçıyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to hurt | senaçıyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to hurt | olaçıyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to hurt | bizaçıyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to hurt | sizaçıyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to hurt | alaaçıyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to hurt |
| Ability — future II | menaçıyallıqmamı? açıyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to hurt? | senaçıyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to hurt? | olaçıyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to hurt? | bizaçıyallıqbızmı? açıyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to hurt? | sizaçıyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to hurt? | alaaçıyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to hurt? |
| Ability — future II | menaçıyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to hurt? | senaçıyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to hurt? | olaçıyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to hurt? | bizaçıyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to hurt? | sizaçıyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to hurt? | alaaçıyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to hurt? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaçıyalır edimaçıyalır emI would be able to hurt | senaçıyalır ediŋaçıyalır eŋyou would be able to hurt | olaçıyalır ediaçıyalır edhe would be able to hurt | bizaçıyalır edikaçıyalır ekwe would be able to hurt | sizaçıyalır edigizaçıyalır egizyou all would be able to hurt | alaaçıyalır edileaçıyalır ellethey would be able to hurt |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaçıyalmaz edimaçıyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to hurt | senaçıyalmaz ediŋaçıyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to hurt | olaçıyalmaz ediaçıyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to hurt | bizaçıyalmaz edikaçıyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to hurt | sizaçıyalmaz edigizaçıyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to hurt | alaaçıyalmaz edileaçıyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to hurt |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaçıyalğınaçıyalğımay you be able to hurt | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaçıyalmağınaçıyalmağımay you not be able to hurt | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menaçırğa izleymeI want to hurt | senaçırğa izleyseyou want to hurt | olaçırğa izleydihe wants to hurt | bizaçırğa izleybizwe want to hurt | sizaçırğa izleysizyou all want to hurt | alaaçırğa izleydilethey want to hurt |
| want to | menaçırğa izlemeymeI do not want to hurt | senaçırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to hurt | olaçırğa izlemeydihe does not want to hurt | bizaçırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to hurt | sizaçırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to hurt | alaaçırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to hurt |
| would like to | menaçırğa süemeI would like to hurt | senaçırğa süeseyou would like to hurt | olaçırğa süedihe would like to hurt | bizaçırğa süebizwe would like to hurt | sizaçırğa süesizyou all would like to hurt | alaaçırğa süedilethey would like to hurt |
| would like to | menaçırğa süymeymeI would not like to hurt | senaçırğa süymeyseyou would not like to hurt | olaçırğa süymeydihe would not like to hurt | bizaçırğa süymeybizwe would not like to hurt | sizaçırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to hurt | alaaçırğa süymeydilethey would not like to hurt |
| hope to | menaçırğa umutlanamaI hope to hurt | senaçırğa umutlanasayou hope to hurt | olaçırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to hurt | bizaçırğa umutlanabızwe hope to hurt | sizaçırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to hurt | alaaçırğa umutlanadılathey hope to hurt |
| hope to | menaçırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to hurt | senaçırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to hurt | olaçırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to hurt | bizaçırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to hurt | sizaçırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to hurt | alaaçırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to hurt |
| be about to | menaçırğa deb turamaI am about to hurt | senaçırğa deb turasayou are about to hurt | olaçırğa deb turadıhe is about to hurt | bizaçırğa deb turabızwe are about to hurt | sizaçırğa deb turasızyou all are about to hurt | alaaçırğa deb turadılathey are about to hurt |
| be about to | menaçırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to hurt | senaçırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to hurt | olaçırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to hurt | bizaçırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to hurt | sizaçırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to hurt | alaaçırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to hurt |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menaçırğa kerekmeI need to hurt | senaçırğa kerekseyou need to hurt | olaçırğa kerekdihe needs to hurt | bizaçırğa kerekbizwe need to hurt | sizaçırğa kereksizyou all need to hurt | alaaçırğa kerekdilethey need to hurt |
| need to | menaçırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to hurt | senaçırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to hurt | olaçırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to hurt | bizaçırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to hurt | sizaçırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to hurt | alaaçırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to hurt |
| have to | menmenŋe açırğa tüşediI have to hurt | sensenŋe açırğa tüşediyou have to hurt | olaŋa açırğa tüşedihe has to hurt | bizbizge açırğa tüşediwe have to hurt | sizsizge açırğa tüşediyou all have to hurt | alaalağa açırğa tüşedithey have to hurt |
| have to | menmenŋe açırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to hurt | sensenŋe açırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to hurt | olaŋa açırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to hurt | bizbizge açırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to hurt | sizsizge açırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to hurt | alaalağa açırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to hurt |
| be obliged to | menaçırğa borçlumaI am obliged to hurt | senaçırğa borçlusayou are obliged to hurt | olaçırğa borçluduhe is obliged to hurt | bizaçırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to hurt | sizaçırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to hurt | alaaçırğa borçludulathey are obliged to hurt |
| be obliged to | menaçırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to hurt | senaçırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to hurt | olaçırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to hurt | bizaçırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to hurt | sizaçırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to hurt | alaaçırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to hurt |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menaçırğa madarım bardıI have a way to hurt | senaçırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to hurt | olaçırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to hurt | bizaçırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to hurt | sizaçırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to hurt | alaaçırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to hurt |
| have a way to | menaçırğa madarım joqduI have no way to hurt | senaçırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to hurt | olaçırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to hurt | bizaçırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to hurt | sizaçırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to hurt | alaaçırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to hurt |
| be free to | menaçırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to hurt | senaçırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to hurt | olaçırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to hurt | bizaçırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to hurt | sizaçırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to hurt | alaaçırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to hurt |
| be free to | menaçırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to hurt | senaçırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to hurt | olaçırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to hurt | bizaçırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to hurt | sizaçırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to hurt | alaaçırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to hurt |
| be possible to | menmenŋe açırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to hurt | sensenŋe açırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to hurt | olaŋa açırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to hurt | bizbizge açırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to hurt | sizsizge açırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to hurt | alaalağa açırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to hurt |
| be possible to | menmenŋe açırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to hurt | sensenŋe açırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to hurt | olaŋa açırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to hurt | bizbizge açırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to hurt | sizsizge açırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to hurt | alaalağa açırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to hurt |
| be ready to | menaçırğa hazırmaI am ready to hurt | senaçırğa hazırsayou are ready to hurt | olaçırğa hazırdıhe is ready to hurt | bizaçırğa hazırbızwe are ready to hurt | sizaçırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to hurt | alaaçırğa hazırdılathey are ready to hurt |
| be ready to | menaçırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to hurt | senaçırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to hurt | olaçırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to hurt | bizaçırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to hurt | sizaçırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to hurt | alaaçırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to hurt |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menaçırğa küreşemeI am trying to hurt | senaçırğa küreşeseyou are trying to hurt | olaçırğa küreşedihe is trying to hurt | bizaçırğa küreşebizwe are trying to hurt | sizaçırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to hurt | alaaçırğa küreşedilethey are trying to hurt |
| try to | menaçırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to hurt | senaçırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to hurt | olaçırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to hurt | bizaçırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to hurt | sizaçırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to hurt | alaaçırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to hurt |
| agree to | menaçırğa unaymaI agree to hurt | senaçırğa unaysayou agree to hurt | olaçırğa unaydıhe agrees to hurt | bizaçırğa unaybızwe agree to hurt | sizaçırğa unaysızyou all agree to hurt | alaaçırğa unaydılathey agree to hurt |
| agree to | menaçırğa unamaymaI refuse to hurt | senaçırğa unamaysayou refuse to hurt | olaçırğa unamaydıhe refuses to hurt | bizaçırğa unamaybızwe refuse to hurt | sizaçırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to hurt | alaaçırğa unamaydılathey refuse to hurt |
| hurry to | menaçırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to hurt | senaçırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to hurt | olaçırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to hurt | bizaçırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to hurt | sizaçırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to hurt | alaaçırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to hurt |
| hurry to | menaçırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to hurt | senaçırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to hurt | olaçırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to hurt | bizaçırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to hurt | sizaçırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to hurt | alaaçırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to hurt |
| be afraid to | menaçırğa qorqamaI am afraid to hurt | senaçırğa qorqasayou are afraid to hurt | olaçırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to hurt | bizaçırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to hurt | sizaçırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to hurt | alaaçırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to hurt |
| be afraid to | menaçırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to hurt | senaçırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to hurt | olaçırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to hurt | bizaçırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to hurt | sizaçırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to hurt | alaaçırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to hurt |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menaçıy bolmazmaI can't be hurting | senaçıy bolmazsayou can't be hurting | olaçıy bolmazhe can't be hurting | bizaçıy bolmazbızwe can't be hurting | sizaçıy bolmazsızyou all can't be hurting | alaaçıy bolmazlathey can't be hurting |
| Inference, present — double negation | menaçımay bolmazmaI must be hurting (emphatic) | senaçımay bolmazsayou must be hurting (emphatic) | olaçımay bolmazhe must be hurting (emphatic) | bizaçımay bolmazbızwe must be hurting (emphatic) | sizaçımay bolmazsızyou all must be hurting (emphatic) | alaaçımay bolmazlathey must be hurting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menaçıy turmasamif I don't keep hurting | senaçıy turmasaŋif you don't keep hurting | olaçıy turmasaif he doesn't keep hurting | bizaçıy turmasaqif we don't keep hurting | sizaçıy turmasağızif you all don't keep hurting | alaaçıy turmasalaif they don't keep hurting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menaçıy tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of hurting | senaçıy tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of hurting | olaçıy tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of hurting | bizaçıy tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of hurting | sizaçıy tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of hurting | alaaçıy tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of hurting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menaçımay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not hurting (emphatic) | senaçımay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not hurting (emphatic) | olaçımay tura bolmazhe must keep on not hurting (emphatic) | bizaçımay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not hurting (emphatic) | sizaçımay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not hurting (emphatic) | alaaçımay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not hurting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menaçımay turamaI keep on not hurting | senaçımay turasayou keep on not hurting | olaçımay turadıhe keeps on not hurting | bizaçımay turabızwe keep on not hurting | sizaçımay turasızyou all keep on not hurting | alaaçımay turadılathey keep on not hurting |
| Progressive — double negation | menaçımay turmaymaI am not keeping on not hurting | senaçımay turmaysayou are not keeping on not hurting | olaçımay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not hurting | bizaçımay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not hurting | sizaçımay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not hurting | alaaçımay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not hurting |
| Progressive — double negation | menaçımay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not hurting? | senaçımay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not hurting? | olaçımay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not hurting? | bizaçımay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not hurting? | sizaçımay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not hurting? | alaaçımay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not hurting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menaçığan bolmazmaI can't have hurt | senaçığan bolmazsayou can't have hurt | olaçığan bolmazhe can't have hurt | bizaçığan bolmazbızwe can't have hurt | sizaçığan bolmazsızyou all can't have hurt | alaaçığan bolmazlathey can't have hurt |
| Inference — double negation | menaçımağan bolmazmaI must have hurt (emphatic) | senaçımağan bolmazsayou must have hurt (emphatic) | olaçımağan bolmazhe must have hurt (emphatic) | bizaçımağan bolmazbızwe must have hurt (emphatic) | sizaçımağan bolmazsızyou all must have hurt (emphatic) | alaaçımağan bolmazlathey must have hurt (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menaçığan bolmasamif it weren't that I had hurt | senaçığan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had hurt | olaçığan bolmasaif it weren't that he had hurt | bizaçığan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had hurt | sizaçığan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had hurt | alaaçığan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had hurt |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menaçımağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't hurt | senaçımağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't hurt | olaçımağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't hurt | bizaçımağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't hurt | sizaçımağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't hurt | alaaçımağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't hurt |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menaçırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to hurt | senaçırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to hurt | olaçırıq bolmazhe can't be going to hurt | bizaçırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to hurt | sizaçırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to hurt | alaaçırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to hurt |
| Inference, future — double negation | menaçımazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to hurt (emphatic) | senaçımazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to hurt (emphatic) | olaçımazlıq bolmazhe must be going to hurt (emphatic) | bizaçımazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to hurt (emphatic) | sizaçımazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to hurt (emphatic) | alaaçımazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to hurt (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menaçırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to hurt | senaçırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to hurt | olaçırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to hurt | bizaçırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to hurt | sizaçırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to hurt | alaaçırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to hurt |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menaçımazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to hurt | senaçımazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to hurt | olaçımazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to hurt | bizaçımazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to hurt | sizaçımazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to hurt | alaaçımazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to hurt |