ayıb
/ajɯb/ · plural ayıbla
1. shame, disgrace, dishonor — In the predicate form ayıbdı it means 'it is shameful, it is a shame'.
- ayıb bilgen adam — a person who knows shame
- anı ayıbı açıldı — his disgrace came to light
- ayıb tülmüdü? — isn't it shameful?
- ayıb almazğa — so as not to disgrace oneself
- tepsiden qobhan ayıbdı — getting up from the table is shameful
- ayıbnı suw bla juwalmazsa — you will not wash shame off with water
- ayıbha qalma el allında — do not fall into disgrace before the village
2. guilt, blame
- ayıbnı menŋe saldıla — they laid the blame on me
- ayıbnı birewge salırğa — to put the blame on someone else
- ayıbın jabarğa — to cover up his guilt
- bu işde mende ayıb joqdu — in this matter I have no guilt
- bu işde seni bir ayıbıŋ — in this matter some of the guilt is yours
3. offense, misdeed, crime
- ayıbına tübetirge — to punish him for his offense
- ayıbha tartılğan adam — a person called to answer for an offense
- ol ayıbın jaşırdı — he hid his misdeed
4. defect, flaw, blemish, shortcoming
- ayıb tabarğa — to find a flaw
- bu zatnı ayıbı joqdu — this thing has no defect
- ayıbı bolmağan — having no flaw
- kişide ayıb izleme, kesiŋe baq — do not seek flaws in others; look at yourself
5. reproach, reprimand
- sohta ayıb aldı — the pupil received a reprimand
- ayıb alırğa — to earn a reproach
- ayıb eterge — to reproach, to shame
- ayıb etme — don't hold it against me
- ayıb etme sorğanıma — don't hold my asking against me
6. shameful, disgraceful, improper
- ayıb iş — a shameful act
- ayıb söz aytma qartla qatında — do not speak shameful words in the presence of elders
- ayıb qılıqdan qaç — flee from shameful behavior
- ayıb iş etgen başın kötermez — one who commits a shameful act cannot lift his head
Expressions
- ayıb alırğa — incur blame
- ayıb et — blame me
- ayıb körmezge — take no offense
- ayıbdan, günyahdan çığarğa — absolve oneself by warning; fulfill one's duty
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ayıbthe shame | ayıbımmy shame | ayıbıŋyour shame | ayıbıhis shame | ayıbıbızour shame | ayıbığızyou all's shame | ayıblarıtheir shames |
| Genitive | ayıbnıthe shame's | ayıbımımy shame's | ayıbıŋıyour shame's | ayıbınıhis shame's | ayıbıbıznıour shame's | ayıbığıznıyou all's shame's | ayıblarınıtheir shames' |
| Accusative | ayıbnıthe shame (as the object) | ayıbımımy shame (as the object) | ayıbıŋıyour shame (as the object) | ayıbınhis shame (as the object) | ayıbıbıznıour shame (as the object) | ayıbığıznıyou all's shame (as the object) | ayıblarıntheir shames (as the object) |
| Dative | ayıbhato the shame | ayıbımato my shame | ayıbıŋato your shame | ayıbınato his shame | ayıbıbızğato our shame | ayıbığızğato you all's shame | ayıblarınato their shames |
| Locative | ayıbdain / at the shame | ayıbımdain / at my shame | ayıbıŋdain / at your shame | ayıbındain / at his shame | ayıbıbızdain / at our shame | ayıbığızdain / at you all's shame | ayıblarındain / at their shames |
| Ablative | ayıbdanfrom the shame | ayıbımdanfrom my shame | ayıbıŋdanfrom your shame | ayıbındanfrom his shame | ayıbıbızdanfrom our shame | ayıbığızdanfrom you all's shame | ayıblarındanfrom their shames |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ayıblathe shames | ayıblarımmy shames | ayıblarıŋyour shames | ayıblarıhis shames | ayıblarıbızour shames | ayıblarığızyou all's shames | ayıblarıtheir shames |
| Genitive | ayıblanıthe shames' | ayıblarımımy shames' | ayıblarıŋıyour shames' | ayıblarınıhis shames' | ayıblarıbıznıour shames' | ayıblarığıznıyou all's shames' | ayıblarınıtheir shames' |
| Accusative | ayıblanıthe shames (as the object) | ayıblarımımy shames (as the object) | ayıblarıŋıyour shames (as the object) | ayıblarınhis shames (as the object) | ayıblarıbıznıour shames (as the object) | ayıblarığıznıyou all's shames (as the object) | ayıblarıntheir shames (as the object) |
| Dative | ayıblağato the shames | ayıblarımato my shames | ayıblarıŋato your shames | ayıblarınato his shames | ayıblarıbızğato our shames | ayıblarığızğato you all's shames | ayıblarınato their shames |
| Locative | ayıbladain / at the shames | ayıblarımdain / at my shames | ayıblarıŋdain / at your shames | ayıblarındain / at his shames | ayıblarıbızdain / at our shames | ayıblarığızdain / at you all's shames | ayıblarındain / at their shames |
| Ablative | ayıbladanfrom the shames | ayıblarımdanfrom my shames | ayıblarıŋdanfrom your shames | ayıblarındanfrom his shames | ayıblarıbızdanfrom our shames | ayıblarığızdanfrom you all's shames | ayıblarındanfrom their shames |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: ayıbları can mean "his / her shames", "their shame", or "their shames" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees
| Degree | —form |
|---|---|
| base form | ayıbshameful |
| comparative — more | ayıbıraqmore shameful |
| intensifier — very | bek ayıbvery shameful |
| superlative — most | em ayıbthe most shameful |
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki ayıbdımine is shameful | seniki ayıbdıyours is shameful | anıqı ayıbdıhis is shameful | bizniki ayıbdıours is shameful | sizniki ayıbdıyours (pl.) is shameful | alanıqı ayıbdıtheirs is shameful |
| comparative — more | meniki ayıbıraqdımine is more shameful | seniki ayıbıraqdıyours is more shameful | anıqı ayıbıraqdıhis is more shameful | bizniki ayıbıraqdıours is more shameful | sizniki ayıbıraqdıyours (pl.) is more shameful | alanıqı ayıbıraqdıtheirs is more shameful |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek ayıbdımine is very shameful | seniki bek ayıbdıyours is very shameful | anıqı bek ayıbdıhis is very shameful | bizniki bek ayıbdıours is very shameful | sizniki bek ayıbdıyours (pl.) is very shameful | alanıqı bek ayıbdıtheirs is very shameful |
| superlative — most | meniki em ayıbdımine is the most shameful | seniki em ayıbdıyours is the most shameful | anıqı em ayıbdıhis is the most shameful | bizniki em ayıbdıours is the most shameful | sizniki em ayıbdıyours (pl.) is the most shameful | alanıqı em ayıbdıtheirs is the most shameful |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile ayıbdılamine are shameful | senikile ayıbdılayours are shameful | anıqıla ayıbdılahis are shameful | biznikile ayıbdılaours are shameful | siznikile ayıbdılayours (pl.) are shameful | alanıqıla ayıbdılatheirs are shameful |
| comparative — more | menikile ayıbıraqdılamine are more shameful | senikile ayıbıraqdılayours are more shameful | anıqıla ayıbıraqdılahis are more shameful | biznikile ayıbıraqdılaours are more shameful | siznikile ayıbıraqdılayours (pl.) are more shameful | alanıqıla ayıbıraqdılatheirs are more shameful |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek ayıbdılamine are very shameful | senikile bek ayıbdılayours are very shameful | anıqıla bek ayıbdılahis are very shameful | biznikile bek ayıbdılaours are very shameful | siznikile bek ayıbdılayours (pl.) are very shameful | alanıqıla bek ayıbdılatheirs are very shameful |
| superlative — most | menikile em ayıbdılamine are the most shameful | senikile em ayıbdılayours are the most shameful | anıqıla em ayıbdılahis are the most shameful | biznikile em ayıbdılaours are the most shameful | siznikile em ayıbdılayours (pl.) are the most shameful | alanıqıla em ayıbdılatheirs are the most shameful |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu ayıbdı, bıla ayıbdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".