çaynarğa
/tʃajnarʁa/
1. chew, masticate
- igi çaynarğa — to chew well
- çaynab jutarğa — to chew and swallow
- çaynamay jutarğa — to swallow without chewing
- aşnı aqırın çaynab jutarğa kerekdi — one should chew food slowly and swallow it
- çaynamay juthan aşıŋ tatıwsuz — food you swallow without chewing is tasteless
- çaynaydı, çaynaydı, kesi jutmaydı — he chews and chews, but doesn't swallow it himself
- çaynab qabdırırğa — to chew something up and put it in someone's mouth
2. gnaw, bite, crush between the teeth — Typically used of clenching something hard in the teeth out of anger or helplessness. one source
- madarsız börü ayaqların çaynar — a helpless wolf will gnaw its own legs
- açıwdan erinin çaynaydı — he is biting his lip in anger
- erinlerimi çaynadım — I bit my lips
- at awuzluqnu çaynaydı — the horse is champing at the bit
- tişleri bla çaynaydı — he crushes it with his teeth
3. go on and on about the same thing, prattle, mumble
- söznü çaynab tururğa — to keep going over the same thing
- çaynay turma da ayt aytırıŋı — don't mumble, say what you have to say
- kereksizni çaynarğa — to prattle about nothing
- men söznü köb çaynarğa süymeyme — I don't like to go on and on
4. go through something unpleasant, endure, live through
- qıyınlıqnı çaynarğa — to live through hardship
- azab çaynab jaşarğa — to live in torment
- açıwluq duniyasın çaynadım — I lived through a bitter lot
- zulmuluqnu çaynağansa — you have endured oppression
- qazawatnı qıyınlığın kesi çaynamağan bilmez — he who has not lived through the hardship of war himself will not know it
Expressions
- çaynamay jutarğa — do effortlessly
- awuzluq çaynarğa — drag out a task
- awuzuna çaynab qabdırırğa — spoon-feed
- çaynab qapdırırğa — spoon-feed
Conjugation
Common forms
- çaynaydıhe is chewing
- çaynadıhe chewed
- çaynağandıhe has chewed
- çaynarhe will chew
- çaynarıqdıhe is going to chew
- çaynay edihe was chewing
- çaynasaif he chews
- çayna!chew!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençaynaymaI am chewing | sençaynaysayou are chewing | olçaynaydıhe is chewing | bizçaynaybızwe are chewing | sizçaynaysızyou all are chewing | alaçaynaydılathey are chewing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençaynamaymaI am not chewing | sençaynamaysayou are not chewing | olçaynamaydıhe is not chewing | bizçaynamaybızwe are not chewing | sizçaynamaysızyou all are not chewing | alaçaynamaydılathey are not chewing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençaynaymamı? çaynaymıma?am I chewing? | sençaynaymısa?are you chewing? | olçaynaymıdı?is he chewing? | bizçaynaybızmı? çaynaymıbız?are we chewing? | sizçaynaymısız?are you all chewing? | alaçaynaymıdıla?are they chewing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençaynamaymamı? çaynamaymıma?aren't I chewing? | sençaynamaymısa?aren't you chewing? | olçaynamaymıdı?isn't he chewing? | bizçaynamaybızmı? çaynamaymıbız?aren't we chewing? | sizçaynamaymısız?aren't you all chewing? | alaçaynamaymıdıla?aren't they chewing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençaynawçanmaI usually chew | sençaynawçansayou usually chew | olçaynawçandıhe usually chews | bizçaynawçanbızwe usually chew | sizçaynawçansızyou all usually chew | alaçaynawçandılathey usually chew |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençaynamawçanmaI usually don't chew | sençaynamawçansayou usually don't chew | olçaynamawçandıhe usually doesn't chew | bizçaynamawçanbızwe usually don't chew | sizçaynamawçansızyou all usually don't chew | alaçaynamawçandılathey usually don't chew |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençaynawçanmamı? çaynawçanmıma?do I usually chew? | sençaynawçanmısa?do you usually chew? | olçaynawçanmıdı?does he usually chew? | bizçaynawçanbızmı? çaynawçanmıbız?do we usually chew? | sizçaynawçanmısız?do you all usually chew? | alaçaynawçanmıdıla?do they usually chew? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençaynamawçanmamı? çaynamawçanmıma?do I usually not chew? | sençaynamawçanmısa?do you usually not chew? | olçaynamawçanmıdı?does he usually not chew? | bizçaynamawçanbızmı? çaynamawçanmıbız?do we usually not chew? | sizçaynamawçanmısız?do you all usually not chew? | alaçaynamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not chew? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçaynabdıhe has chewed and remains so | alaçaynabdılathey have chewed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçaynabmıdı?has he chewed? | alaçaynabmıdıla?have they chewed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençaynab turamaI keep chewing | sençaynab turasayou keep chewing | olçaynab turadıhe keeps chewing | bizçaynab turabızwe keep chewing | sizçaynab turasızyou all keep chewing | alaçaynab turadılathey keep chewing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençaynab turmaymaI don't keep chewing | sençaynab turmaysayou don't keep chewing | olçaynab turmaydıhe doesn't keep chewing | bizçaynab turmaybızwe don't keep chewing | sizçaynab turmaysızyou all don't keep chewing | alaçaynab turmaydılathey don't keep chewing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençaynab turamamı? çaynab turamıma?do I keep chewing? | sençaynab turamısa?do you keep chewing? | olçaynab turamıdı?does he keep chewing? | bizçaynab turabızmı? çaynab turamıbız?do we keep chewing? | sizçaynab turamısız?do you all keep chewing? | alaçaynab turamıdıla?do they keep chewing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençaynab turmaymamı? çaynab turmaymıma?don't I keep chewing? | sençaynab turmaymısa?don't you keep chewing? | olçaynab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep chewing? | bizçaynab turmaybızmı? çaynab turmaymıbız?don't we keep chewing? | sizçaynab turmaymısız?don't you all keep chewing? | alaçaynab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep chewing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaynay turamaI am in the middle of chewing | sençaynay turasayou are in the middle of chewing | olçaynay turadıhe is in the middle of chewing | bizçaynay turabızwe are in the middle of chewing | sizçaynay turasızyou all are in the middle of chewing | alaçaynay turadılathey are in the middle of chewing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaynay turmaymaI am not in the middle of chewing | sençaynay turmaysayou are not in the middle of chewing | olçaynay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of chewing | bizçaynay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of chewing | sizçaynay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of chewing | alaçaynay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of chewing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaynay turamamı? çaynay turamıma?am I in the middle of chewing? | sençaynay turamısa?are you in the middle of chewing? | olçaynay turamıdı?is he in the middle of chewing? | bizçaynay turabızmı? çaynay turamıbız?are we in the middle of chewing? | sizçaynay turamısız?are you all in the middle of chewing? | alaçaynay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of chewing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençaynay turmaymamı? çaynay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of chewing? | sençaynay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of chewing? | olçaynay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of chewing? | bizçaynay turmaybızmı? çaynay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of chewing? | sizçaynay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of chewing? | alaçaynay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of chewing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençaynadımI chewed | sençaynadıŋyou chewed | olçaynadıhe chewed | bizçaynadıqwe chewed | sizçaynadığızyou all chewed | alaçaynadılathey chewed |
| Simple past (definite) | mençaynamadımI didn't chew | sençaynamadıŋyou didn't chew | olçaynamadıhe didn't chew | bizçaynamadıqwe didn't chew | sizçaynamadığızyou all didn't chew | alaçaynamadılathey didn't chew |
| Simple past (definite) | mençaynadımmı?did I chew? | sençaynadıŋmı?did you chew? | olçaynadımı?did he chew? | bizçaynadıqmı?did we chew? | sizçaynadığızmı?did you all chew? | alaçaynadılamı?did they chew? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençaynamadımmı?didn't I chew? | sençaynamadıŋmı?didn't you chew? | olçaynamadımı?didn't he chew? | bizçaynamadıqmı?didn't we chew? | sizçaynamadığızmı?didn't you all chew? | alaçaynamadılamı?didn't they chew? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençaynağanmaI have chewed | sençaynağansayou have chewed | olçaynağandıhe has chewed | bizçaynağanbızwe have chewed | sizçaynağansızyou all have chewed | alaçaynağandılathey have chewed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençaynamağanmaI haven't chewed | sençaynamağansayou haven't chewed | olçaynamağandıhe hasn't chewed | bizçaynamağanbızwe haven't chewed | sizçaynamağansızyou all haven't chewed | alaçaynamağandılathey haven't chewed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençaynağanmamı? çaynağanmıma?have I chewed? | sençaynağanmısa?have you chewed? | olçaynağanmıdı?has he chewed? | bizçaynağanbızmı? çaynağanmıbız?have we chewed? | sizçaynağanmısız?have you all chewed? | alaçaynağanmıdıla?have they chewed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençaynamağanmamı? çaynamağanmıma?haven't I chewed? | sençaynamağanmısa?haven't you chewed? | olçaynamağanmıdı?hasn't he chewed? | bizçaynamağanbızmı? çaynamağanmıbız?haven't we chewed? | sizçaynamağanmısız?haven't you all chewed? | alaçaynamağanmıdıla?haven't they chewed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençaynab turdumI kept chewing | sençaynab turduŋyou kept chewing | olçaynab turduhe kept chewing | bizçaynab turduqwe kept chewing | sizçaynab turduğuzyou all kept chewing | alaçaynab turdulathey kept chewing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençaynab turmadımI didn't keep chewing | sençaynab turmadıŋyou didn't keep chewing | olçaynab turmadıhe didn't keep chewing | bizçaynab turmadıqwe didn't keep chewing | sizçaynab turmadığızyou all didn't keep chewing | alaçaynab turmadılathey didn't keep chewing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençaynarmaI will chew | sençaynarsayou will chew | olçaynarhe will chew | bizçaynarbızwe will chew | sizçaynarsızyou all will chew | alaçaynarlathey will chew |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençaynamazmaI won't chew | sençaynamazsayou won't chew | olçaynamazhe won't chew | bizçaynamazbızwe won't chew | sizçaynamazsızyou all won't chew | alaçaynamazlathey won't chew |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençaynarmamı? çaynarmıma?will I chew? | sençaynarmısa?will you chew? | olçaynarmı?will he chew? | bizçaynarbızmı? çaynarmıbız?will we chew? | sizçaynarmısız?will you all chew? | alaçaynarlamı? çaynarmıla?will they chew? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençaynamazmamı? çaynamazmıma?won't I chew? | sençaynamazmısa?won't you chew? | olçaynamazmı?won't he chew? | bizçaynamazbızmı? çaynamazmıbız?won't we chew? | sizçaynamazmısız?won't you all chew? | alaçaynamazlamı? çaynamazmıla?won't they chew? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençaynarıqmaI am going to chew | sençaynarıqsayou are going to chew | olçaynarıqdıhe is going to chew | bizçaynarıqbızwe are going to chew | sizçaynarıqsızyou all are going to chew | alaçaynarıqdılathey are going to chew |
| Definite future (future II) | mençaynarıq tülmeI am not going to chew | sençaynarıq tülseyou are not going to chew | olçaynarıq tüldühe is not going to chew | bizçaynarıq tülbüzwe are not going to chew | sizçaynarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to chew | alaçaynarıq tüldülethey are not going to chew |
| Definite future (future II) | mençaynarıqmamı? çaynarıqmıma?am I going to chew? | sençaynarıqmısa?are you going to chew? | olçaynarıqmıdı?is he going to chew? | bizçaynarıqbızmı? çaynarıqmıbız?are we going to chew? | sizçaynarıqmısız?are you all going to chew? | alaçaynarıqmıdıla?are they going to chew? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençaynarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to chew? | sençaynarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to chew? | olçaynarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to chew? | bizçaynarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to chew? | sizçaynarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to chew? | alaçaynarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to chew? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençaynağan edimçaynağanemI had chewed | sençaynağan ediŋçaynağaneŋyou had chewed | olçaynağan ediçaynağanedhe had chewed | bizçaynağan edikçaynağanekwe had chewed | sizçaynağan edigizçaynağanegizyou all had chewed | alaçaynağan edileçaynağanellethey had chewed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençaynamağan edimçaynamağanemI hadn't chewed | sençaynamağan ediŋçaynamağaneŋyou hadn't chewed | olçaynamağan ediçaynamağanedhe hadn't chewed | bizçaynamağan edikçaynamağanekwe hadn't chewed | sizçaynamağan edigizçaynamağanegizyou all hadn't chewed | alaçaynamağan edileçaynamağanellethey hadn't chewed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençaynay edimçaynayemI was chewing | sençaynay ediŋçaynayeŋyou were chewing | olçaynay ediçaynayedhe was chewing | bizçaynay edikçaynayekwe were chewing | sizçaynay edigizçaynayegizyou all were chewing | alaçaynay edileçaynayellethey were chewing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençaynamay edimçaynamayemI wasn't chewing | sençaynamay ediŋçaynamayeŋyou weren't chewing | olçaynamay ediçaynamayedhe wasn't chewing | bizçaynamay edikçaynamayekwe weren't chewing | sizçaynamay edigizçaynamayegizyou all weren't chewing | alaçaynamay edileçaynamayellethey weren't chewing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençaynawçan edimçaynawçanemI used to chew | sençaynawçan ediŋçaynawçaneŋyou used to chew | olçaynawçan ediçaynawçanedhe used to chew | bizçaynawçan edikçaynawçanekwe used to chew | sizçaynawçan edigizçaynawçanegizyou all used to chew | alaçaynawçan edileçaynawçanellethey used to chew |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençaynamawçan edimçaynamawçanemI didn't use to chew | sençaynamawçan ediŋçaynamawçaneŋyou didn't use to chew | olçaynamawçan ediçaynamawçanedhe didn't use to chew | bizçaynamawçan edikçaynamawçanekwe didn't use to chew | sizçaynamawçan edigizçaynamawçanegizyou all didn't use to chew | alaçaynamawçan edileçaynamawçanellethey didn't use to chew |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçaynab edihe had chewed and remained so | alaçaynab edilethey had chewed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçaynab tül edihe hadn't chewed | alaçaynab tül edilethey hadn't chewed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençaynab tura edimçaynab turaemI had kept chewing | sençaynab tura ediŋçaynab turaeŋyou had kept chewing | olçaynab tura ediçaynab turaedhe had kept chewing | bizçaynab tura edikçaynab turaekwe had kept chewing | sizçaynab tura edigizçaynab turaegizyou all had kept chewing | alaçaynab tura edileçaynab turaellethey had kept chewing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençaynab turmay edimçaynab turmayemI hadn't kept chewing | sençaynab turmay ediŋçaynab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept chewing | olçaynab turmay ediçaynab turmayedhe hadn't kept chewing | bizçaynab turmay edikçaynab turmayekwe hadn't kept chewing | sizçaynab turmay edigizçaynab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept chewing | alaçaynab turmay edileçaynab turmayellethey hadn't kept chewing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençaynay tura edimçaynay turaemI was in the middle of chewing | sençaynay tura ediŋçaynay turaeŋyou were in the middle of chewing | olçaynay tura ediçaynay turaedhe was in the middle of chewing | bizçaynay tura edikçaynay turaekwe were in the middle of chewing | sizçaynay tura edigizçaynay turaegizyou all were in the middle of chewing | alaçaynay tura edileçaynay turaellethey were in the middle of chewing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençaynay turmay edimçaynay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of chewing | sençaynay turmay ediŋçaynay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of chewing | olçaynay turmay ediçaynay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of chewing | bizçaynay turmay edikçaynay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of chewing | sizçaynay turmay edigizçaynay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of chewing | alaçaynay turmay edileçaynay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of chewing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençaynar edimçaynar emI would chew | sençaynar ediŋçaynar eŋyou would chew | olçaynar ediçaynar edhe would chew | bizçaynar edikçaynar ekwe would chew | sizçaynar edigizçaynar egizyou all would chew | alaçaynar edileçaynar ellethey would chew |
| Conditional result (would) | mençaynamaz edimçaynamaz emI wouldn't chew | sençaynamaz ediŋçaynamaz eŋyou wouldn't chew | olçaynamaz ediçaynamaz edhe wouldn't chew | bizçaynamaz edikçaynamaz ekwe wouldn't chew | sizçaynamaz edigizçaynamaz egizyou all wouldn't chew | alaçaynamaz edileçaynamaz ellethey wouldn't chew |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençaynarıq edimçaynarıq emI would have chewed | sençaynarıq ediŋçaynarıq eŋyou would have chewed | olçaynarıq ediçaynarıq edhe would have chewed | bizçaynarıq edikçaynarıq ekwe would have chewed | sizçaynarıq edigizçaynarıq egizyou all would have chewed | alaçaynarıq edileçaynarıq ellethey would have chewed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençaynarıq tül edimçaynarıq tül emI wouldn't have chewed | sençaynarıq tül ediŋçaynarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have chewed | olçaynarıq tül ediçaynarıq tül edhe wouldn't have chewed | bizçaynarıq tül edikçaynarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have chewed | sizçaynarıq tül edigizçaynarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have chewed | alaçaynarıq tül edileçaynarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have chewed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençaynasamif I chew | sençaynasaŋif you chew | olçaynasaif he chews | bizçaynasaqif we chew | sizçaynasağızif you all chew | alaçaynasalaif they chew |
| Conditional | mençaynamasamif I don't chew | sençaynamasaŋif you don't chew | olçaynamasaif he doesn't chew | bizçaynamasaqif we don't chew | sizçaynamasağızif you all don't chew | alaçaynamasalaif they don't chew |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençaynay esemif I am chewing | sençaynay eseŋif you are chewing | olçaynay eseif he is chewing | bizçaynay esekif we are chewing | sizçaynay esegizif you all are chewing | alaçaynay eseleif they are chewing |
| Conditional, present real | mençaynamay esemif I am not chewing | sençaynamay eseŋif you are not chewing | olçaynamay eseif he is not chewing | bizçaynamay esekif we are not chewing | sizçaynamay esegizif you all are not chewing | alaçaynamay eseleif they are not chewing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençaynasam ediçaynasam edif only I chewed | sençaynasaŋ ediçaynasaŋ edif only you chewed | olçaynasa ediçaynasaedif only he chewed | bizçaynasaq ediçaynasaq edif only we chewed | sizçaynasağız ediçaynasağız edif only you all chewed | alaçaynasala ediçaynasalaedif only they chewed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençaynamasam ediçaynamasam edif only I didn't chew | sençaynamasaŋ ediçaynamasaŋ edif only you didn't chew | olçaynamasa ediçaynamasaedif only he didn't chew | bizçaynamasaq ediçaynamasaq edif only we didn't chew | sizçaynamasağız ediçaynamasağız edif only you all didn't chew | alaçaynamasala ediçaynamasalaedif only they didn't chew |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençaynab tursamif I carry on chewing | sençaynab tursaŋif you carry on chewing | olçaynab tursaif he carries on chewing | bizçaynab tursaqif we carry on chewing | sizçaynab tursağızif you all carry on chewing | alaçaynab tursalaif they carry on chewing |
| Durative conditional | mençaynab turmasamif I don't carry on chewing | sençaynab turmasaŋif you don't carry on chewing | olçaynab turmasaif he doesn't carry on chewing | bizçaynab turmasaqif we don't carry on chewing | sizçaynab turmasağızif you all don't carry on chewing | alaçaynab turmasalaif they don't carry on chewing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençaynab tura esemif I have kept chewing | sençaynab tura eseŋif you have kept chewing | olçaynab tura eseif he has kept chewing | bizçaynab tura esekif we have kept chewing | sizçaynab tura esegizif you all have kept chewing | alaçaynab tura eseleif they have kept chewing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençaynab turmay esemif I haven't kept chewing | sençaynab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept chewing | olçaynab turmay eseif he hasn't kept chewing | bizçaynab turmay esekif we haven't kept chewing | sizçaynab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept chewing | alaçaynab turmay eseleif they haven't kept chewing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençaynay tursamif I keep chewing | sençaynay tursaŋif you keep chewing | olçaynay tursaif he keeps chewing | bizçaynay tursaqif we keep chewing | sizçaynay tursağızif you all keep chewing | alaçaynay tursalaif they keep chewing |
| Progressive conditional | mençaynamay tursamif I keep on not chewing | sençaynamay tursaŋif you keep on not chewing | olçaynamay tursaif he keeps on not chewing | bizçaynamay tursaqif we keep on not chewing | sizçaynamay tursağızif you all keep on not chewing | alaçaynamay tursalaif they keep on not chewing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençaynay tura esemif I am in the middle of chewing | sençaynay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of chewing | olçaynay tura eseif he is in the middle of chewing | bizçaynay tura esekif we are in the middle of chewing | sizçaynay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of chewing | alaçaynay tura eseleif they are in the middle of chewing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençaynamay tura esemif I keep on not chewing | sençaynamay tura eseŋif you keep on not chewing | olçaynamay tura eseif he keeps on not chewing | bizçaynamay tura esekif we keep on not chewing | sizçaynamay tura esegizif you all keep on not chewing | alaçaynamay tura eseleif they keep on not chewing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençaynadım esemif I chewed | sençaynadıŋ eseŋif you chewed | olçaynadı eseif he chewed | bizçaynadıq esekif we chewed | sizçaynadığız esegizif you all chewed | alaçaynadıla eseleif they chewed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençaynamadım esemif I didn't chew | sençaynamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't chew | olçaynamadı eseif he didn't chew | bizçaynamadıq esekif we didn't chew | sizçaynamadığız esegizif you all didn't chew | alaçaynamadıla eseleif they didn't chew |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençaynağan esemif I did chew (indeed) | sençaynağan eseŋif you did chew (indeed) | olçaynağan eseif he did chew (indeed) | bizçaynağan esekif we did chew (indeed) | sizçaynağan esegizif you all did chew (indeed) | alaçaynağan eseleif they did chew (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençaynamağan esemif I didn't chew (indeed) | sençaynamağan eseŋif you didn't chew (indeed) | olçaynamağan eseif he didn't chew (indeed) | bizçaynamağan esekif we didn't chew (indeed) | sizçaynamağan esegizif you all didn't chew (indeed) | alaçaynamağan eseleif they didn't chew (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençaynağan bolsamif I had chewed | sençaynağan bolsaŋif you had chewed | olçaynağan bolsaif he had chewed | bizçaynağan bolsaqif we had chewed | sizçaynağan bolsağızif you all had chewed | alaçaynağan bolsalaif they had chewed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençaynamağan bolsamif I hadn't chewed | sençaynamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't chewed | olçaynamağan bolsaif he hadn't chewed | bizçaynamağan bolsaqif we hadn't chewed | sizçaynamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't chewed | alaçaynamağan bolsalaif they hadn't chewed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençaynağan bolsam ediçaynağan bolsam edif only I had chewed | sençaynağan bolsaŋ ediçaynağan bolsaŋ edif only you had chewed | olçaynağan bolsa ediçaynağan bolsaedif only he had chewed | bizçaynağan bolsaq ediçaynağan bolsaq edif only we had chewed | sizçaynağan bolsağız ediçaynağan bolsağız edif only you all had chewed | alaçaynağan bolsala ediçaynağan bolsalaedif only they had chewed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençaynamağan bolsam ediçaynamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't chewed | sençaynamağan bolsaŋ ediçaynamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't chewed | olçaynamağan bolsa ediçaynamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't chewed | bizçaynamağan bolsaq ediçaynamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't chewed | sizçaynamağan bolsağız ediçaynamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't chewed | alaçaynamağan bolsala ediçaynamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't chewed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençaynar esemif I will chew | sençaynar eseŋif you will chew | olçaynar eseif he will chew | bizçaynar esekif we will chew | sizçaynar esegizif you all will chew | alaçaynar eseleif they will chew |
| Conditional, aorist | mençaynamaz esemif I won't chew | sençaynamaz eseŋif you won't chew | olçaynamaz eseif he won't chew | bizçaynamaz esekif we won't chew | sizçaynamaz esegizif you all won't chew | alaçaynamaz eseleif they won't chew |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençaynarıq esemif I am going to chew | sençaynarıq eseŋif you are going to chew | olçaynarıq eseif he is going to chew | bizçaynarıq esekif we are going to chew | sizçaynarıq esegizif you all are going to chew | alaçaynarıq eseleif they are going to chew |
| Conditional, future | mençaynarıq tül esemif I am not going to chew | sençaynarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to chew | olçaynarıq tül eseif he is not going to chew | bizçaynarıq tül esekif we are not going to chew | sizçaynarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to chew | alaçaynarıq tül eseleif they are not going to chew |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençaynarıq bolsamif I were going to chew | sençaynarıq bolsaŋif you were going to chew | olçaynarıq bolsaif he were going to chew | bizçaynarıq bolsaqif we were going to chew | sizçaynarıq bolsağızif you all were going to chew | alaçaynarıq bolsalaif they were going to chew |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençaynamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to chew | sençaynamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to chew | olçaynamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to chew | bizçaynamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to chew | sizçaynamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to chew | alaçaynamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to chew |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çaynadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençaynay bolurmaI must be chewing | sençaynay bolursayou must be chewing | olçaynay bolurhe must be chewing | bizçaynay bolurbuzwe must be chewing | sizçaynay bolursuzyou all must be chewing | alaçaynay bolurlathey must be chewing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençaynamay bolurmaI must not be chewing | sençaynamay bolursayou must not be chewing | olçaynamay bolurhe must not be chewing | bizçaynamay bolurbuzwe must not be chewing | sizçaynamay bolursuzyou all must not be chewing | alaçaynamay bolurlathey must not be chewing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençaynay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of chewing | sençaynay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of chewing | olçaynay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of chewing | bizçaynay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of chewing | sizçaynay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of chewing | alaçaynay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of chewing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençaynamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not chewing | sençaynamay tura bolursayou must keep on not chewing | olçaynamay tura bolurhe must keep on not chewing | bizçaynamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not chewing | sizçaynamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not chewing | alaçaynamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not chewing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençaynağan bolurmaI must have chewed | sençaynağan bolursayou must have chewed | olçaynağan bolurhe must have chewed | bizçaynağan bolurbuzwe must have chewed | sizçaynağan bolursuzyou all must have chewed | alaçaynağan bolurlathey must have chewed |
| Inference (must have) | mençaynamağan bolurmaI must not have chewed | sençaynamağan bolursayou must not have chewed | olçaynamağan bolurhe must not have chewed | bizçaynamağan bolurbuzwe must not have chewed | sizçaynamağan bolursuzyou all must not have chewed | alaçaynamağan bolurlathey must not have chewed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençaynarıq bolurmaI must be going to chew | sençaynarıq bolursayou must be going to chew | olçaynarıq bolurhe must be going to chew | bizçaynarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to chew | sizçaynarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to chew | alaçaynarıq bolurlathey must be going to chew |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençaynamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to chew | sençaynamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to chew | olçaynamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to chew | bizçaynamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to chew | sizçaynamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to chew | alaçaynamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to chew |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençaynayımlet me chew | sençayna!chew! | olçaynasınlet him chew | bizçaynayıqlet's chew | sizçaynağız!chew, you all! | alaçaynasınlalet them chew |
| Commands & suggestions | mençaynamayımlet me not chew | sençaynama!don't chew! | olçaynamasınlet him not chew | bizçaynamayıqlet's not chew | sizçaynamağız!don't chew, you all! | alaçaynamasınlalet them not chew |
| Commands & suggestions | mençaynayımmı?shall I chew? | olçaynasınmı?should he chew? | bizçaynayıqmı?shall we chew? | alaçaynasınlamı?should they chew? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençaynamayımmı?shall I not chew? | olçaynamasınmı?should he not chew? | bizçaynamayıqmı?shall we not chew? | alaçaynamasınlamı?should they not chew? | ||
| Requests | sençaynaçı2çaynaçınplease chew | olçaynasınçıdo let him chew | sizçaynaçığızplease chew (plural/polite) | alaçaynasınlaçıdo let them chew | ||
| Requests | sençaynamaçı2çaynamaçınplease don't chew | olçaynamasınçıdo let him not chew | sizçaynamaçığızplease don't chew (plural/polite) | alaçaynamasınlaçıdo let them not chew | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençaynağınçaynağımay you chew | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençaynamağınçaynamağımay you not chew | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençaynağay edim çaynağa edimwould that I chewed | sençaynağay ediŋ çaynağa ediŋwould that you chewed | olçaynağay edi çaynağa ediwould that he chewed | bizçaynağay edik çaynağa edikwould that we chewed | sizçaynağay edigiz çaynağa edigizwould that you all chewed | alaçaynağay edile çaynağa edilewould that they chewed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençaynamağay edim çaynamağa edimwould that I did not chew | sençaynamağay ediŋ çaynamağa ediŋwould that you did not chew | olçaynamağay edi çaynamağa ediwould that he did not chew | bizçaynamağay edik çaynamağa edikwould that we did not chew | sizçaynamağay edigiz çaynamağa edigizwould that you all did not chew | alaçaynamağay edile çaynamağa edilewould that they did not chew |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençaynamağa qoyayımçaynama qoyayımlet me allow someone to chew | sençaynamağa qoy!çaynama qoy!let someone chew! | olçaynamağa qoysunçaynama qoysunlet him allow someone to chew | bizçaynamağa qoyayıqçaynama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to chew | sizçaynamağa qoyuğuz!çaynama qoyuğuz!let someone chew, you all! | alaçaynamağa qoysunlaçaynama qoysunlalet them allow someone to chew |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençaynamağa qoymayımçaynama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to chew | sençaynamağa qoyma!çaynama qoyma!don't let someone chew! | olçaynamağa qoymasınçaynama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to chew | bizçaynamağa qoymayıqçaynama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to chew | sizçaynamağa qoymağız!çaynama qoymağız!don't let someone chew, you all! | alaçaynamağa qoymasınlaçaynama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to chew |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençaynamağa qoyayımmı?çaynama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to chew? | olçaynamağa qoysunmu?çaynama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to chew? | bizçaynamağa qoyayıqmı?çaynama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to chew? | alaçaynamağa qoysunlamı?çaynama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to chew? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençaynamağa qoymayımmı?çaynama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to chew? | olçaynamağa qoymasınmı?çaynama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to chew? | bizçaynamağa qoymayıqmı?çaynama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to chew? | alaçaynamağa qoymasınlamı?çaynama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to chew? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençaynamağa qoyamaçaynama qoyamaI allow someone to chew | sençaynamağa qoyasaçaynama qoyasayou allow someone to chew | olçaynamağa qoyadıçaynama qoyadıhe allows someone to chew | bizçaynamağa qoyabızçaynama qoyabızwe allow someone to chew | sizçaynamağa qoyasızçaynama qoyasızyou all allow someone to chew | alaçaynamağa qoyadılaçaynama qoyadılathey allow someone to chew |
| Let someone… (present) | mençaynamağa qoymaymaçaynama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to chew | sençaynamağa qoymaysaçaynama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to chew | olçaynamağa qoymaydıçaynama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to chew | bizçaynamağa qoymaybızçaynama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to chew | sizçaynamağa qoymaysızçaynama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to chew | alaçaynamağa qoymaydılaçaynama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to chew |
| Let someone… (present) | mençaynamağa qoyamamı?çaynama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to chew? | sençaynamağa qoyamısa?çaynama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to chew? | olçaynamağa qoyamıdı?çaynama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to chew? | bizçaynamağa qoyabızmı?çaynama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to chew? | sizçaynamağa qoyamısız?çaynama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to chew? | alaçaynamağa qoyamıdıla?çaynama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to chew? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençaynamağa qoymaymamı?çaynama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to chew? | sençaynamağa qoymaymısa?çaynama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to chew? | olçaynamağa qoymaymıdı?çaynama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to chew? | bizçaynamağa qoymaybızmı?çaynama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to chew? | sizçaynamağa qoymaymısız?çaynama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to chew? | alaçaynamağa qoymaymıdıla?çaynama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to chew? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençaynamağa qoydumçaynama qoydumI allowed someone to chew | sençaynamağa qoyduŋçaynama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to chew | olçaynamağa qoyduçaynama qoyduhe allowed someone to chew | bizçaynamağa qoyduqçaynama qoyduqwe allowed someone to chew | sizçaynamağa qoyduğuzçaynama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to chew | alaçaynamağa qoydulaçaynama qoydulathey allowed someone to chew |
| Let someone… (past) | mençaynamağa qoymadımçaynama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to chew | sençaynamağa qoymadıŋçaynama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to chew | olçaynamağa qoymadıçaynama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to chew | bizçaynamağa qoymadıqçaynama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to chew | sizçaynamağa qoymadığızçaynama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to chew | alaçaynamağa qoymadılaçaynama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to chew |
| Let someone… (past) | mençaynamağa qoydummu?çaynama qoydummu?did I allow someone to chew? | sençaynamağa qoyduŋmu?çaynama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to chew? | olçaynamağa qoydumu?çaynama qoydumu?did he allow someone to chew? | bizçaynamağa qoyduqmu?çaynama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to chew? | sizçaynamağa qoyduğuzmu?çaynama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to chew? | alaçaynamağa qoydulamı?çaynama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to chew? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençaynamağa qoymadımmı?çaynama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to chew? | sençaynamağa qoymadıŋmı?çaynama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to chew? | olçaynamağa qoymadımı?çaynama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to chew? | bizçaynamağa qoymadıqmı?çaynama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to chew? | sizçaynamağa qoymadığızmı?çaynama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to chew? | alaçaynamağa qoymadılamı?çaynama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to chew? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
çaynayalırğa be able to chew · çaynayalmazğa be unable to chew
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençaynayalamaI can chew | sençaynayalasayou can chew | olçaynayaladıhe can chew | bizçaynayalabızwe can chew | sizçaynayalasızyou all can chew | alaçaynayaladılathey can chew |
| Ability — present | mençaynayalmaymaI can't chew | sençaynayalmaysayou can't chew | olçaynayalmaydıhe can't chew | bizçaynayalmaybızwe can't chew | sizçaynayalmaysızyou all can't chew | alaçaynayalmaydılathey can't chew |
| Ability — present | mençaynayalamamı? çaynayalamıma?can I chew? | sençaynayalamısa?can you chew? | olçaynayalamıdı?can he chew? | bizçaynayalabızmı? çaynayalamıbız?can we chew? | sizçaynayalamısız?can you all chew? | alaçaynayalamıdıla?can they chew? |
| Ability — present | mençaynayalmaymamı? çaynayalmaymıma?can't I chew? | sençaynayalmaymısa?can't you chew? | olçaynayalmaymıdı?can't he chew? | bizçaynayalmaybızmı? çaynayalmaymıbız?can't we chew? | sizçaynayalmaymısız?can't you all chew? | alaçaynayalmaymıdıla?can't they chew? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençaynayalsamif I can chew | sençaynayalsaŋif you can chew | olçaynayalsaif he can chew | bizçaynayalsaqif we can chew | sizçaynayalsağızif you all can chew | alaçaynayalsalaif they can chew |
| Ability — if I can… | mençaynayalmasamif I can't chew | sençaynayalmasaŋif you can't chew | olçaynayalmasaif he can't chew | bizçaynayalmasaqif we can't chew | sizçaynayalmasağızif you all can't chew | alaçaynayalmasalaif they can't chew |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençaynayaldımI was able to chew | sençaynayaldıŋyou were able to chew | olçaynayaldıhe was able to chew | bizçaynayaldıqwe were able to chew | sizçaynayaldığızyou all were able to chew | alaçaynayaldılathey were able to chew |
| Ability — simple past | mençaynayalmadımI could not chew | sençaynayalmadıŋyou could not chew | olçaynayalmadıhe could not chew | bizçaynayalmadıqwe could not chew | sizçaynayalmadığızyou all could not chew | alaçaynayalmadılathey could not chew |
| Ability — simple past | mençaynayaldımmı?was I able to chew? | sençaynayaldıŋmı?were you able to chew? | olçaynayaldımı?was he able to chew? | bizçaynayaldıqmı?were we able to chew? | sizçaynayaldığızmı?were you all able to chew? | alaçaynayaldılamı?were they able to chew? |
| Ability — simple past | mençaynayalmadımmı?couldn't I chew? | sençaynayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you chew? | olçaynayalmadımı?couldn't he chew? | bizçaynayalmadıqmı?couldn't we chew? | sizçaynayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all chew? | alaçaynayalmadılamı?couldn't they chew? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençaynayalğanmaI have been able to chew | sençaynayalğansayou have been able to chew | olçaynayalğandıhe has been able to chew | bizçaynayalğanbızwe have been able to chew | sizçaynayalğansızyou all have been able to chew | alaçaynayalğandılathey have been able to chew |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençaynayalmağanmaI haven't been able to chew | sençaynayalmağansayou haven't been able to chew | olçaynayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to chew | bizçaynayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to chew | sizçaynayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to chew | alaçaynayalmağandılathey haven't been able to chew |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençaynayalğanmamı? çaynayalğanmıma?have I been able to chew? | sençaynayalğanmısa?have you been able to chew? | olçaynayalğanmıdı?has he been able to chew? | bizçaynayalğanbızmı? çaynayalğanmıbız?have we been able to chew? | sizçaynayalğanmısız?have you all been able to chew? | alaçaynayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to chew? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençaynayalmağanmamı? çaynayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to chew? | sençaynayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to chew? | olçaynayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to chew? | bizçaynayalmağanbızmı? çaynayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to chew? | sizçaynayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to chew? | alaçaynayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to chew? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençaynayalğan edimçaynayalğanemI had been able to chew | sençaynayalğan ediŋçaynayalğaneŋyou had been able to chew | olçaynayalğan ediçaynayalğanedhe had been able to chew | bizçaynayalğan edikçaynayalğanekwe had been able to chew | sizçaynayalğan edigizçaynayalğanegizyou all had been able to chew | alaçaynayalğan edileçaynayalğanellethey had been able to chew |
| Ability — past perfect | mençaynayalmağan edimçaynayalmağanemI hadn't been able to chew | sençaynayalmağan ediŋçaynayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to chew | olçaynayalmağan ediçaynayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to chew | bizçaynayalmağan edikçaynayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to chew | sizçaynayalmağan edigizçaynayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to chew | alaçaynayalmağan edileçaynayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to chew |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençaynayala edimçaynayalaemI could chew | sençaynayala ediŋçaynayalaeŋyou could chew | olçaynayala ediçaynayalaedhe could chew | bizçaynayala edikçaynayalaekwe could chew | sizçaynayala edigizçaynayalaegizyou all could chew | alaçaynayala edileçaynayalaellethey could chew |
| Ability — past background | mençaynayalmay edimçaynayalmayemI could not chew | sençaynayalmay ediŋçaynayalmayeŋyou could not chew | olçaynayalmay ediçaynayalmayedhe could not chew | bizçaynayalmay edikçaynayalmayekwe could not chew | sizçaynayalmay edigizçaynayalmayegizyou all could not chew | alaçaynayalmay edileçaynayalmayellethey could not chew |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençaynayalırmaI will be able to chew | sençaynayalırsayou will be able to chew | olçaynayalırhe will be able to chew | bizçaynayalırbızwe will be able to chew | sizçaynayalırsızyou all will be able to chew | alaçaynayalırlathey will be able to chew |
| Ability — future I | mençaynayalmazmaI won't be able to chew | sençaynayalmazsayou won't be able to chew | olçaynayalmazhe won't be able to chew | bizçaynayalmazbızwe won't be able to chew | sizçaynayalmazsızyou all won't be able to chew | alaçaynayalmazlathey won't be able to chew |
| Ability — future I | mençaynayalırmamı? çaynayalırmıma?will I be able to chew? | sençaynayalırmısa?will you be able to chew? | olçaynayalırmı?will he be able to chew? | bizçaynayalırbızmı? çaynayalırmıbız?will we be able to chew? | sizçaynayalırmısız?will you all be able to chew? | alaçaynayalırlamı? çaynayalırmıla?will they be able to chew? |
| Ability — future I | mençaynayalmazmamı? çaynayalmazmıma?won't I be able to chew? | sençaynayalmazmısa?won't you be able to chew? | olçaynayalmazmı?won't he be able to chew? | bizçaynayalmazbızmı? çaynayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to chew? | sizçaynayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to chew? | alaçaynayalmazlamı? çaynayalmazmıla?won't they be able to chew? |
| Ability — future II | mençaynayallıqmaI am going to be able to chew | sençaynayallıqsayou are going to be able to chew | olçaynayallıqdıhe is going to be able to chew | bizçaynayallıqbızwe are going to be able to chew | sizçaynayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to chew | alaçaynayallıqdılathey are going to be able to chew |
| Ability — future II | mençaynayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to chew | sençaynayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to chew | olçaynayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to chew | bizçaynayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to chew | sizçaynayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to chew | alaçaynayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to chew |
| Ability — future II | mençaynayallıqmamı? çaynayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to chew? | sençaynayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to chew? | olçaynayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to chew? | bizçaynayallıqbızmı? çaynayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to chew? | sizçaynayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to chew? | alaçaynayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to chew? |
| Ability — future II | mençaynayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to chew? | sençaynayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to chew? | olçaynayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to chew? | bizçaynayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to chew? | sizçaynayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to chew? | alaçaynayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to chew? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençaynayalır edimçaynayalır emI would be able to chew | sençaynayalır ediŋçaynayalır eŋyou would be able to chew | olçaynayalır ediçaynayalır edhe would be able to chew | bizçaynayalır edikçaynayalır ekwe would be able to chew | sizçaynayalır edigizçaynayalır egizyou all would be able to chew | alaçaynayalır edileçaynayalır ellethey would be able to chew |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençaynayalmaz edimçaynayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to chew | sençaynayalmaz ediŋçaynayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to chew | olçaynayalmaz ediçaynayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to chew | bizçaynayalmaz edikçaynayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to chew | sizçaynayalmaz edigizçaynayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to chew | alaçaynayalmaz edileçaynayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to chew |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençaynayalğınçaynayalğımay you be able to chew | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençaynayalmağınçaynayalmağımay you not be able to chew | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençaynarğa izleymeI want to chew | sençaynarğa izleyseyou want to chew | olçaynarğa izleydihe wants to chew | bizçaynarğa izleybizwe want to chew | sizçaynarğa izleysizyou all want to chew | alaçaynarğa izleydilethey want to chew |
| want to | mençaynarğa izlemeymeI do not want to chew | sençaynarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to chew | olçaynarğa izlemeydihe does not want to chew | bizçaynarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to chew | sizçaynarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to chew | alaçaynarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to chew |
| would like to | mençaynarğa süemeI would like to chew | sençaynarğa süeseyou would like to chew | olçaynarğa süedihe would like to chew | bizçaynarğa süebizwe would like to chew | sizçaynarğa süesizyou all would like to chew | alaçaynarğa süedilethey would like to chew |
| would like to | mençaynarğa süymeymeI would not like to chew | sençaynarğa süymeyseyou would not like to chew | olçaynarğa süymeydihe would not like to chew | bizçaynarğa süymeybizwe would not like to chew | sizçaynarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to chew | alaçaynarğa süymeydilethey would not like to chew |
| hope to | mençaynarğa umutlanamaI hope to chew | sençaynarğa umutlanasayou hope to chew | olçaynarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to chew | bizçaynarğa umutlanabızwe hope to chew | sizçaynarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to chew | alaçaynarğa umutlanadılathey hope to chew |
| hope to | mençaynarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to chew | sençaynarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to chew | olçaynarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to chew | bizçaynarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to chew | sizçaynarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to chew | alaçaynarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to chew |
| be about to | mençaynarğa deb turamaI am about to chew | sençaynarğa deb turasayou are about to chew | olçaynarğa deb turadıhe is about to chew | bizçaynarğa deb turabızwe are about to chew | sizçaynarğa deb turasızyou all are about to chew | alaçaynarğa deb turadılathey are about to chew |
| be about to | mençaynarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to chew | sençaynarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to chew | olçaynarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to chew | bizçaynarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to chew | sizçaynarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to chew | alaçaynarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to chew |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençaynarğa kerekmeI need to chew | sençaynarğa kerekseyou need to chew | olçaynarğa kerekdihe needs to chew | bizçaynarğa kerekbizwe need to chew | sizçaynarğa kereksizyou all need to chew | alaçaynarğa kerekdilethey need to chew |
| need to | mençaynarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to chew | sençaynarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to chew | olçaynarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to chew | bizçaynarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to chew | sizçaynarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to chew | alaçaynarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to chew |
| have to | menmenŋe çaynarğa tüşediI have to chew | sensenŋe çaynarğa tüşediyou have to chew | olaŋa çaynarğa tüşedihe has to chew | bizbizge çaynarğa tüşediwe have to chew | sizsizge çaynarğa tüşediyou all have to chew | alaalağa çaynarğa tüşedithey have to chew |
| have to | menmenŋe çaynarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to chew | sensenŋe çaynarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to chew | olaŋa çaynarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to chew | bizbizge çaynarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to chew | sizsizge çaynarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to chew | alaalağa çaynarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to chew |
| be obliged to | mençaynarğa borçlumaI am obliged to chew | sençaynarğa borçlusayou are obliged to chew | olçaynarğa borçluduhe is obliged to chew | bizçaynarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to chew | sizçaynarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to chew | alaçaynarğa borçludulathey are obliged to chew |
| be obliged to | mençaynarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to chew | sençaynarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to chew | olçaynarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to chew | bizçaynarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to chew | sizçaynarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to chew | alaçaynarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to chew |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençaynarğa madarım bardıI have a way to chew | sençaynarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to chew | olçaynarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to chew | bizçaynarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to chew | sizçaynarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to chew | alaçaynarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to chew |
| have a way to | mençaynarğa madarım joqduI have no way to chew | sençaynarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to chew | olçaynarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to chew | bizçaynarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to chew | sizçaynarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to chew | alaçaynarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to chew |
| be free to | mençaynarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to chew | sençaynarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to chew | olçaynarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to chew | bizçaynarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to chew | sizçaynarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to chew | alaçaynarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to chew |
| be free to | mençaynarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to chew | sençaynarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to chew | olçaynarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to chew | bizçaynarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to chew | sizçaynarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to chew | alaçaynarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to chew |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çaynarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to chew | sensenŋe çaynarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to chew | olaŋa çaynarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to chew | bizbizge çaynarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to chew | sizsizge çaynarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to chew | alaalağa çaynarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to chew |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çaynarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to chew | sensenŋe çaynarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to chew | olaŋa çaynarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to chew | bizbizge çaynarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to chew | sizsizge çaynarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to chew | alaalağa çaynarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to chew |
| be ready to | mençaynarğa hazırmaI am ready to chew | sençaynarğa hazırsayou are ready to chew | olçaynarğa hazırdıhe is ready to chew | bizçaynarğa hazırbızwe are ready to chew | sizçaynarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to chew | alaçaynarğa hazırdılathey are ready to chew |
| be ready to | mençaynarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to chew | sençaynarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to chew | olçaynarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to chew | bizçaynarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to chew | sizçaynarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to chew | alaçaynarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to chew |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençaynarğa küreşemeI am trying to chew | sençaynarğa küreşeseyou are trying to chew | olçaynarğa küreşedihe is trying to chew | bizçaynarğa küreşebizwe are trying to chew | sizçaynarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to chew | alaçaynarğa küreşedilethey are trying to chew |
| try to | mençaynarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to chew | sençaynarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to chew | olçaynarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to chew | bizçaynarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to chew | sizçaynarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to chew | alaçaynarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to chew |
| agree to | mençaynarğa unaymaI agree to chew | sençaynarğa unaysayou agree to chew | olçaynarğa unaydıhe agrees to chew | bizçaynarğa unaybızwe agree to chew | sizçaynarğa unaysızyou all agree to chew | alaçaynarğa unaydılathey agree to chew |
| agree to | mençaynarğa unamaymaI refuse to chew | sençaynarğa unamaysayou refuse to chew | olçaynarğa unamaydıhe refuses to chew | bizçaynarğa unamaybızwe refuse to chew | sizçaynarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to chew | alaçaynarğa unamaydılathey refuse to chew |
| hurry to | mençaynarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to chew | sençaynarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to chew | olçaynarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to chew | bizçaynarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to chew | sizçaynarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to chew | alaçaynarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to chew |
| hurry to | mençaynarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to chew | sençaynarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to chew | olçaynarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to chew | bizçaynarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to chew | sizçaynarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to chew | alaçaynarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to chew |
| be afraid to | mençaynarğa qorqamaI am afraid to chew | sençaynarğa qorqasayou are afraid to chew | olçaynarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to chew | bizçaynarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to chew | sizçaynarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to chew | alaçaynarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to chew |
| be afraid to | mençaynarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to chew | sençaynarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to chew | olçaynarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to chew | bizçaynarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to chew | sizçaynarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to chew | alaçaynarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to chew |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençaynay bolmazmaI can't be chewing | sençaynay bolmazsayou can't be chewing | olçaynay bolmazhe can't be chewing | bizçaynay bolmazbızwe can't be chewing | sizçaynay bolmazsızyou all can't be chewing | alaçaynay bolmazlathey can't be chewing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençaynamay bolmazmaI must be chewing (emphatic) | sençaynamay bolmazsayou must be chewing (emphatic) | olçaynamay bolmazhe must be chewing (emphatic) | bizçaynamay bolmazbızwe must be chewing (emphatic) | sizçaynamay bolmazsızyou all must be chewing (emphatic) | alaçaynamay bolmazlathey must be chewing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençaynay turmasamif I don't keep chewing | sençaynay turmasaŋif you don't keep chewing | olçaynay turmasaif he doesn't keep chewing | bizçaynay turmasaqif we don't keep chewing | sizçaynay turmasağızif you all don't keep chewing | alaçaynay turmasalaif they don't keep chewing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençaynay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of chewing | sençaynay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of chewing | olçaynay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of chewing | bizçaynay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of chewing | sizçaynay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of chewing | alaçaynay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of chewing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençaynamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not chewing (emphatic) | sençaynamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not chewing (emphatic) | olçaynamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not chewing (emphatic) | bizçaynamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not chewing (emphatic) | sizçaynamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not chewing (emphatic) | alaçaynamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not chewing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençaynamay turamaI keep on not chewing | sençaynamay turasayou keep on not chewing | olçaynamay turadıhe keeps on not chewing | bizçaynamay turabızwe keep on not chewing | sizçaynamay turasızyou all keep on not chewing | alaçaynamay turadılathey keep on not chewing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençaynamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not chewing | sençaynamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not chewing | olçaynamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not chewing | bizçaynamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not chewing | sizçaynamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not chewing | alaçaynamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not chewing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençaynamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not chewing? | sençaynamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not chewing? | olçaynamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not chewing? | bizçaynamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not chewing? | sizçaynamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not chewing? | alaçaynamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not chewing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençaynağan bolmazmaI can't have chewed | sençaynağan bolmazsayou can't have chewed | olçaynağan bolmazhe can't have chewed | bizçaynağan bolmazbızwe can't have chewed | sizçaynağan bolmazsızyou all can't have chewed | alaçaynağan bolmazlathey can't have chewed |
| Inference — double negation | mençaynamağan bolmazmaI must have chewed (emphatic) | sençaynamağan bolmazsayou must have chewed (emphatic) | olçaynamağan bolmazhe must have chewed (emphatic) | bizçaynamağan bolmazbızwe must have chewed (emphatic) | sizçaynamağan bolmazsızyou all must have chewed (emphatic) | alaçaynamağan bolmazlathey must have chewed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençaynağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had chewed | sençaynağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had chewed | olçaynağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had chewed | bizçaynağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had chewed | sizçaynağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had chewed | alaçaynağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had chewed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençaynamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't chewed | sençaynamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't chewed | olçaynamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't chewed | bizçaynamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't chewed | sizçaynamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't chewed | alaçaynamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't chewed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençaynarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to chew | sençaynarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to chew | olçaynarıq bolmazhe can't be going to chew | bizçaynarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to chew | sizçaynarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to chew | alaçaynarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to chew |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençaynamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to chew (emphatic) | sençaynamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to chew (emphatic) | olçaynamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to chew (emphatic) | bizçaynamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to chew (emphatic) | sizçaynamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to chew (emphatic) | alaçaynamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to chew (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençaynarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to chew | sençaynarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to chew | olçaynarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to chew | bizçaynarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to chew | sizçaynarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to chew | alaçaynarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to chew |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençaynamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to chew | sençaynamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to chew | olçaynamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to chew | bizçaynamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to chew | sizçaynamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to chew | alaçaynamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to chew |