kemirirge
/kemirirɡe/
1. gnaw, nibble, chew at something hard
- süekni kemirirge — to gnaw a bone
- it süek kemiredi — the dog gnaws a bone
- at çügündürnü kemiredi — the horse gnaws the beet
- çıçhan jerni kemirib teşgendi — the mouse has gnawed through the floor
- kemirib teşerge — to gnaw through
- kemirib üzerge — to gnaw in two
2. gnaw at, torment, prey on someone's mind
- anı jüregin qayğı kemiredi — grief is gnawing at his heart
- jürekni kemirirge — to torment the heart
- anı qıyınlıq kemiredi — hardship torments him
- jüregimi kemirib baradı — it is gnawing at my heart
- kemirib boşarğa — to torment someone utterly
3. ache, nag — Said of a dull, persistent pain; the aching part of the body is the subject.
- butlarım kemiredile — my legs ache
- köküregim kemirib awruydu — my chest aches
- meni sanlarım kemiredile — my limbs ache
- kemirib awrurğa — to ache dully
4. wear down, waste (of an illness) — The illness is the subject and the person or body is the object, as in awruw anı kemirgendi.
- awruw sanlarımı kemirib turadı — the illness keeps wearing my body down
- kemirgen awruw — a wasting illness
- awruw anı kemirgendi — the illness has worn him down
5. eat away, wash away, erode — Usually said of water wearing away rock, stone or a bank.
- suw qayanı kemiredi — the water eats away the rock
- suw jağanı kemirib baradı — the water is eating the bank away
- suw köpürnü qulağın kemirgendi — the water has eaten away the end of the bridge
Conjugation
Common forms
- kemiredihe is gnawing
- kemirdihe gnawed
- kemirgendihe has gnawed
- kemirirhe will gnaw
- kemirlikdihe is going to gnaw
- kemire edihe was gnawing
- kemirseif he gnaws
- kemir!gnaw!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemiremeI am gnawing | senkemireseyou are gnawing | olkemiredihe is gnawing | bizkemirebizwe are gnawing | sizkemiresizyou all are gnawing | alakemiredilethey are gnawing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemirmeymeI am not gnawing | senkemirmeyseyou are not gnawing | olkemirmeydihe is not gnawing | bizkemirmeybizwe are not gnawing | sizkemirmeysizyou all are not gnawing | alakemirmeydilethey are not gnawing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemirememi? kemiremime?am I gnawing? | senkemiremise?are you gnawing? | olkemiremidi?is he gnawing? | bizkemirebizmi? kemiremibiz?are we gnawing? | sizkemiremisiz?are you all gnawing? | alakemiremidile?are they gnawing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemirmeymemi? kemirmeymime?aren't I gnawing? | senkemirmeymise?aren't you gnawing? | olkemirmeymidi?isn't he gnawing? | bizkemirmeybizmi? kemirmeymibiz?aren't we gnawing? | sizkemirmeymisiz?aren't you all gnawing? | alakemirmeymidile?aren't they gnawing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemiriwçenmeI usually gnaw | senkemiriwçenseyou usually gnaw | olkemiriwçendihe usually gnaws | bizkemiriwçenbizwe usually gnaw | sizkemiriwçensizyou all usually gnaw | alakemiriwçendilethey usually gnaw |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemirmewçenmeI usually don't gnaw | senkemirmewçenseyou usually don't gnaw | olkemirmewçendihe usually doesn't gnaw | bizkemirmewçenbizwe usually don't gnaw | sizkemirmewçensizyou all usually don't gnaw | alakemirmewçendilethey usually don't gnaw |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemiriwçenmemi? kemiriwçenmime?do I usually gnaw? | senkemiriwçenmise?do you usually gnaw? | olkemiriwçenmidi?does he usually gnaw? | bizkemiriwçenbizmi? kemiriwçenmibiz?do we usually gnaw? | sizkemiriwçenmisiz?do you all usually gnaw? | alakemiriwçenmidile?do they usually gnaw? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemirmewçenmemi? kemirmewçenmime?do I usually not gnaw? | senkemirmewçenmise?do you usually not gnaw? | olkemirmewçenmidi?does he usually not gnaw? | bizkemirmewçenbizmi? kemirmewçenmibiz?do we usually not gnaw? | sizkemirmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not gnaw? | alakemirmewçenmidile?do they usually not gnaw? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkemiribdihe has gnawed and remains so | alakemiribdilethey have gnawed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkemiribmidi?has he gnawed? | alakemiribmidile?have they gnawed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemirib turamaI keep gnawing | senkemirib turasayou keep gnawing | olkemirib turadıhe keeps gnawing | bizkemirib turabızwe keep gnawing | sizkemirib turasızyou all keep gnawing | alakemirib turadılathey keep gnawing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemirib turmaymaI don't keep gnawing | senkemirib turmaysayou don't keep gnawing | olkemirib turmaydıhe doesn't keep gnawing | bizkemirib turmaybızwe don't keep gnawing | sizkemirib turmaysızyou all don't keep gnawing | alakemirib turmaydılathey don't keep gnawing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemirib turamamı? kemirib turamıma?do I keep gnawing? | senkemirib turamısa?do you keep gnawing? | olkemirib turamıdı?does he keep gnawing? | bizkemirib turabızmı? kemirib turamıbız?do we keep gnawing? | sizkemirib turamısız?do you all keep gnawing? | alakemirib turamıdıla?do they keep gnawing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemirib turmaymamı? kemirib turmaymıma?don't I keep gnawing? | senkemirib turmaymısa?don't you keep gnawing? | olkemirib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep gnawing? | bizkemirib turmaybızmı? kemirib turmaymıbız?don't we keep gnawing? | sizkemirib turmaymısız?don't you all keep gnawing? | alakemirib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep gnawing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemire turamaI am in the middle of gnawing | senkemire turasayou are in the middle of gnawing | olkemire turadıhe is in the middle of gnawing | bizkemire turabızwe are in the middle of gnawing | sizkemire turasızyou all are in the middle of gnawing | alakemire turadılathey are in the middle of gnawing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemire turmaymaI am not in the middle of gnawing | senkemire turmaysayou are not in the middle of gnawing | olkemire turmaydıhe is not in the middle of gnawing | bizkemire turmaybızwe are not in the middle of gnawing | sizkemire turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of gnawing | alakemire turmaydılathey are not in the middle of gnawing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemire turamamı? kemire turamıma?am I in the middle of gnawing? | senkemire turamısa?are you in the middle of gnawing? | olkemire turamıdı?is he in the middle of gnawing? | bizkemire turabızmı? kemire turamıbız?are we in the middle of gnawing? | sizkemire turamısız?are you all in the middle of gnawing? | alakemire turamıdıla?are they in the middle of gnawing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemire turmaymamı? kemire turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of gnawing? | senkemire turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of gnawing? | olkemire turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of gnawing? | bizkemire turmaybızmı? kemire turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of gnawing? | sizkemire turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of gnawing? | alakemire turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of gnawing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemirdimI gnawed | senkemirdiŋyou gnawed | olkemirdihe gnawed | bizkemirdikwe gnawed | sizkemirdigizyou all gnawed | alakemirdilethey gnawed |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemirmedimI didn't gnaw | senkemirmediŋyou didn't gnaw | olkemirmedihe didn't gnaw | bizkemirmedikwe didn't gnaw | sizkemirmedigizyou all didn't gnaw | alakemirmedilethey didn't gnaw |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemirdimmi?did I gnaw? | senkemirdiŋmi?did you gnaw? | olkemirdimi?did he gnaw? | bizkemirdikmi?did we gnaw? | sizkemirdigizmi?did you all gnaw? | alakemirdilemi?did they gnaw? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemirmedimmi?didn't I gnaw? | senkemirmediŋmi?didn't you gnaw? | olkemirmedimi?didn't he gnaw? | bizkemirmedikmi?didn't we gnaw? | sizkemirmedigizmi?didn't you all gnaw? | alakemirmedilemi?didn't they gnaw? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemirgenmeI have gnawed | senkemirgenseyou have gnawed | olkemirgendihe has gnawed | bizkemirgenbizwe have gnawed | sizkemirgensizyou all have gnawed | alakemirgendilethey have gnawed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemirmegenmeI haven't gnawed | senkemirmegenseyou haven't gnawed | olkemirmegendihe hasn't gnawed | bizkemirmegenbizwe haven't gnawed | sizkemirmegensizyou all haven't gnawed | alakemirmegendilethey haven't gnawed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemirgenmemi? kemirgenmime?have I gnawed? | senkemirgenmise?have you gnawed? | olkemirgenmidi?has he gnawed? | bizkemirgenbizmi? kemirgenmibiz?have we gnawed? | sizkemirgenmisiz?have you all gnawed? | alakemirgenmidile?have they gnawed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemirmegenmemi? kemirmegenmime?haven't I gnawed? | senkemirmegenmise?haven't you gnawed? | olkemirmegenmidi?hasn't he gnawed? | bizkemirmegenbizmi? kemirmegenmibiz?haven't we gnawed? | sizkemirmegenmisiz?haven't you all gnawed? | alakemirmegenmidile?haven't they gnawed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkemirib turdumI kept gnawing | senkemirib turduŋyou kept gnawing | olkemirib turduhe kept gnawing | bizkemirib turduqwe kept gnawing | sizkemirib turduğuzyou all kept gnawing | alakemirib turdulathey kept gnawing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkemirib turmadımI didn't keep gnawing | senkemirib turmadıŋyou didn't keep gnawing | olkemirib turmadıhe didn't keep gnawing | bizkemirib turmadıqwe didn't keep gnawing | sizkemirib turmadığızyou all didn't keep gnawing | alakemirib turmadılathey didn't keep gnawing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemirirmeI will gnaw | senkemirirseyou will gnaw | olkemirirhe will gnaw | bizkemirirbizwe will gnaw | sizkemirirsizyou all will gnaw | alakemirirlethey will gnaw |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemirmezmeI won't gnaw | senkemirmezseyou won't gnaw | olkemirmezhe won't gnaw | bizkemirmezbizwe won't gnaw | sizkemirmezsizyou all won't gnaw | alakemirmezlethey won't gnaw |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemirirmemi? kemirirmime?will I gnaw? | senkemirirmise?will you gnaw? | olkemirirmi?will he gnaw? | bizkemirirbizmi? kemirirmibiz?will we gnaw? | sizkemirirmisiz?will you all gnaw? | alakemirirlemi? kemirirmile?will they gnaw? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemirmezmemi? kemirmezmime?won't I gnaw? | senkemirmezmise?won't you gnaw? | olkemirmezmi?won't he gnaw? | bizkemirmezbizmi? kemirmezmibiz?won't we gnaw? | sizkemirmezmisiz?won't you all gnaw? | alakemirmezlemi? kemirmezmile?won't they gnaw? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemirlikme1kemirrikmeI am going to gnaw | senkemirlikse1kemirrikseyou are going to gnaw | olkemirlikdi1kemirrikdihe is going to gnaw | bizkemirlikbiz1kemirrikbizwe are going to gnaw | sizkemirliksiz1kemirriksizyou all are going to gnaw | alakemirlikdile1kemirrikdilethey are going to gnaw |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemirlik tülme1kemirrik tülmeI am not going to gnaw | senkemirlik tülse1kemirrik tülseyou are not going to gnaw | olkemirlik tüldü1kemirrik tüldühe is not going to gnaw | bizkemirlik tülbüz1kemirrik tülbüzwe are not going to gnaw | sizkemirlik tülsüz1kemirrik tülsüzyou all are not going to gnaw | alakemirlik tüldüle1kemirrik tüldülethey are not going to gnaw |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemirlikmemi?1 kemirlikmime?kemirrikmemi?am I going to gnaw? | senkemirlikmise?1kemirrikmise?are you going to gnaw? | olkemirlikmidi?1kemirrikmidi?is he going to gnaw? | bizkemirlikbizmi?1 kemirlikmibiz?kemirrikbizmi?are we going to gnaw? | sizkemirlikmisiz?1kemirrikmisiz?are you all going to gnaw? | alakemirlikmidile?1kemirrikmidile?are they going to gnaw? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemirlik tülmüme?1kemirrik tülmüme?aren't I going to gnaw? | senkemirlik tülmüse?1kemirrik tülmüse?aren't you going to gnaw? | olkemirlik tülmüdü?1kemirrik tülmüdü?isn't he going to gnaw? | bizkemirlik tülmübüz?1kemirrik tülmübüz?aren't we going to gnaw? | sizkemirlik tülmüsüz?1kemirrik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to gnaw? | alakemirlik tülmüdüle?1kemirrik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to gnaw? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kemirrikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkemirgen edimkemirgenemI had gnawed | senkemirgen ediŋkemirgeneŋyou had gnawed | olkemirgen edikemirgenedhe had gnawed | bizkemirgen edikkemirgenekwe had gnawed | sizkemirgen edigizkemirgenegizyou all had gnawed | alakemirgen edilekemirgenellethey had gnawed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkemirmegen edimkemirmegenemI hadn't gnawed | senkemirmegen ediŋkemirmegeneŋyou hadn't gnawed | olkemirmegen edikemirmegenedhe hadn't gnawed | bizkemirmegen edikkemirmegenekwe hadn't gnawed | sizkemirmegen edigizkemirmegenegizyou all hadn't gnawed | alakemirmegen edilekemirmegenellethey hadn't gnawed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkemire edimkemiremI was gnawing | senkemire ediŋkemireŋyou were gnawing | olkemire edikemiredhe was gnawing | bizkemire edikkemirekwe were gnawing | sizkemire edigizkemiregizyou all were gnawing | alakemire edilekemirellethey were gnawing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkemirmey edimkemirmeyemI wasn't gnawing | senkemirmey ediŋkemirmeyeŋyou weren't gnawing | olkemirmey edikemirmeyedhe wasn't gnawing | bizkemirmey edikkemirmeyekwe weren't gnawing | sizkemirmey edigizkemirmeyegizyou all weren't gnawing | alakemirmey edilekemirmeyellethey weren't gnawing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkemiriwçen edimkemiriwçenemI used to gnaw | senkemiriwçen ediŋkemiriwçeneŋyou used to gnaw | olkemiriwçen edikemiriwçenedhe used to gnaw | bizkemiriwçen edikkemiriwçenekwe used to gnaw | sizkemiriwçen edigizkemiriwçenegizyou all used to gnaw | alakemiriwçen edilekemiriwçenellethey used to gnaw |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkemirmewçen edimkemirmewçenemI didn't use to gnaw | senkemirmewçen ediŋkemirmewçeneŋyou didn't use to gnaw | olkemirmewçen edikemirmewçenedhe didn't use to gnaw | bizkemirmewçen edikkemirmewçenekwe didn't use to gnaw | sizkemirmewçen edigizkemirmewçenegizyou all didn't use to gnaw | alakemirmewçen edilekemirmewçenellethey didn't use to gnaw |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkemirib edihe had gnawed and remained so | alakemirib edilethey had gnawed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkemirib tül edihe hadn't gnawed | alakemirib tül edilethey hadn't gnawed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkemirib tura edimkemirib turaemI had kept gnawing | senkemirib tura ediŋkemirib turaeŋyou had kept gnawing | olkemirib tura edikemirib turaedhe had kept gnawing | bizkemirib tura edikkemirib turaekwe had kept gnawing | sizkemirib tura edigizkemirib turaegizyou all had kept gnawing | alakemirib tura edilekemirib turaellethey had kept gnawing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkemirib turmay edimkemirib turmayemI hadn't kept gnawing | senkemirib turmay ediŋkemirib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept gnawing | olkemirib turmay edikemirib turmayedhe hadn't kept gnawing | bizkemirib turmay edikkemirib turmayekwe hadn't kept gnawing | sizkemirib turmay edigizkemirib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept gnawing | alakemirib turmay edilekemirib turmayellethey hadn't kept gnawing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkemire tura edimkemire turaemI was in the middle of gnawing | senkemire tura ediŋkemire turaeŋyou were in the middle of gnawing | olkemire tura edikemire turaedhe was in the middle of gnawing | bizkemire tura edikkemire turaekwe were in the middle of gnawing | sizkemire tura edigizkemire turaegizyou all were in the middle of gnawing | alakemire tura edilekemire turaellethey were in the middle of gnawing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkemire turmay edimkemire turmayemI wasn't in the middle of gnawing | senkemire turmay ediŋkemire turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of gnawing | olkemire turmay edikemire turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of gnawing | bizkemire turmay edikkemire turmayekwe weren't in the middle of gnawing | sizkemire turmay edigizkemire turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of gnawing | alakemire turmay edilekemire turmayellethey weren't in the middle of gnawing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkemirir edimkemirir emI would gnaw | senkemirir ediŋkemirir eŋyou would gnaw | olkemirir edikemirir edhe would gnaw | bizkemirir edikkemirir ekwe would gnaw | sizkemirir edigizkemirir egizyou all would gnaw | alakemirir edilekemirir ellethey would gnaw |
| Conditional result (would) | menkemirmez edimkemirmez emI wouldn't gnaw | senkemirmez ediŋkemirmez eŋyou wouldn't gnaw | olkemirmez edikemirmez edhe wouldn't gnaw | bizkemirmez edikkemirmez ekwe wouldn't gnaw | sizkemirmez edigizkemirmez egizyou all wouldn't gnaw | alakemirmez edilekemirmez ellethey wouldn't gnaw |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkemirlik edim2kemirlik emkemirrik edimI would have gnawed | senkemirlik ediŋ2kemirlik eŋkemirrik ediŋyou would have gnawed | olkemirlik edi2kemirlik edkemirrik edihe would have gnawed | bizkemirlik edik2kemirlik ekkemirrik edikwe would have gnawed | sizkemirlik edigiz2kemirlik egizkemirrik edigizyou all would have gnawed | alakemirlik edile2kemirlik ellekemirrik edilethey would have gnawed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkemirlik tül edim2kemirlik tül emkemirrik tül edimI wouldn't have gnawed | senkemirlik tül ediŋ2kemirlik tül eŋkemirrik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have gnawed | olkemirlik tül edi2kemirlik tül edkemirrik tül edihe wouldn't have gnawed | bizkemirlik tül edik2kemirlik tül ekkemirrik tül edikwe wouldn't have gnawed | sizkemirlik tül edigiz2kemirlik tül egizkemirrik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have gnawed | alakemirlik tül edile2kemirlik tül ellekemirrik tül edilethey wouldn't have gnawed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kemirrik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkemirsemif I gnaw | senkemirseŋif you gnaw | olkemirseif he gnaws | bizkemirsekif we gnaw | sizkemirsegizif you all gnaw | alakemirseleif they gnaw |
| Conditional | menkemirmesemif I don't gnaw | senkemirmeseŋif you don't gnaw | olkemirmeseif he doesn't gnaw | bizkemirmesekif we don't gnaw | sizkemirmesegizif you all don't gnaw | alakemirmeseleif they don't gnaw |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkemire esemif I am gnawing | senkemire eseŋif you are gnawing | olkemire eseif he is gnawing | bizkemire esekif we are gnawing | sizkemire esegizif you all are gnawing | alakemire eseleif they are gnawing |
| Conditional, present real | menkemirmey esemif I am not gnawing | senkemirmey eseŋif you are not gnawing | olkemirmey eseif he is not gnawing | bizkemirmey esekif we are not gnawing | sizkemirmey esegizif you all are not gnawing | alakemirmey eseleif they are not gnawing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkemirsem edikemirsem edif only I gnawed | senkemirseŋ edikemirseŋ edif only you gnawed | olkemirse edikemirsedif only he gnawed | bizkemirsek edikemirsek edif only we gnawed | sizkemirsegiz edikemirsegiz edif only you all gnawed | alakemirsele edikemirseledif only they gnawed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkemirmesem edikemirmesem edif only I didn't gnaw | senkemirmeseŋ edikemirmeseŋ edif only you didn't gnaw | olkemirmese edikemirmesedif only he didn't gnaw | bizkemirmesek edikemirmesek edif only we didn't gnaw | sizkemirmesegiz edikemirmesegiz edif only you all didn't gnaw | alakemirmesele edikemirmeseledif only they didn't gnaw |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkemirib tursamif I carry on gnawing | senkemirib tursaŋif you carry on gnawing | olkemirib tursaif he carries on gnawing | bizkemirib tursaqif we carry on gnawing | sizkemirib tursağızif you all carry on gnawing | alakemirib tursalaif they carry on gnawing |
| Durative conditional | menkemirib turmasamif I don't carry on gnawing | senkemirib turmasaŋif you don't carry on gnawing | olkemirib turmasaif he doesn't carry on gnawing | bizkemirib turmasaqif we don't carry on gnawing | sizkemirib turmasağızif you all don't carry on gnawing | alakemirib turmasalaif they don't carry on gnawing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkemirib tura esemif I have kept gnawing | senkemirib tura eseŋif you have kept gnawing | olkemirib tura eseif he has kept gnawing | bizkemirib tura esekif we have kept gnawing | sizkemirib tura esegizif you all have kept gnawing | alakemirib tura eseleif they have kept gnawing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkemirib turmay esemif I haven't kept gnawing | senkemirib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept gnawing | olkemirib turmay eseif he hasn't kept gnawing | bizkemirib turmay esekif we haven't kept gnawing | sizkemirib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept gnawing | alakemirib turmay eseleif they haven't kept gnawing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkemire tursamif I keep gnawing | senkemire tursaŋif you keep gnawing | olkemire tursaif he keeps gnawing | bizkemire tursaqif we keep gnawing | sizkemire tursağızif you all keep gnawing | alakemire tursalaif they keep gnawing |
| Progressive conditional | menkemirmey tursamif I keep on not gnawing | senkemirmey tursaŋif you keep on not gnawing | olkemirmey tursaif he keeps on not gnawing | bizkemirmey tursaqif we keep on not gnawing | sizkemirmey tursağızif you all keep on not gnawing | alakemirmey tursalaif they keep on not gnawing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkemire tura esemif I am in the middle of gnawing | senkemire tura eseŋif you are in the middle of gnawing | olkemire tura eseif he is in the middle of gnawing | bizkemire tura esekif we are in the middle of gnawing | sizkemire tura esegizif you all are in the middle of gnawing | alakemire tura eseleif they are in the middle of gnawing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkemirmey tura esemif I keep on not gnawing | senkemirmey tura eseŋif you keep on not gnawing | olkemirmey tura eseif he keeps on not gnawing | bizkemirmey tura esekif we keep on not gnawing | sizkemirmey tura esegizif you all keep on not gnawing | alakemirmey tura eseleif they keep on not gnawing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menkemirdim esemif I gnawed | senkemirdiŋ eseŋif you gnawed | olkemirdi eseif he gnawed | bizkemirdik esekif we gnawed | sizkemirdigiz esegizif you all gnawed | alakemirdile eseleif they gnawed |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menkemirmedim esemif I didn't gnaw | senkemirmediŋ eseŋif you didn't gnaw | olkemirmedi eseif he didn't gnaw | bizkemirmedik esekif we didn't gnaw | sizkemirmedigiz esegizif you all didn't gnaw | alakemirmedile eseleif they didn't gnaw |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkemirgen esemif I did gnaw (indeed) | senkemirgen eseŋif you did gnaw (indeed) | olkemirgen eseif he did gnaw (indeed) | bizkemirgen esekif we did gnaw (indeed) | sizkemirgen esegizif you all did gnaw (indeed) | alakemirgen eseleif they did gnaw (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkemirmegen esemif I didn't gnaw (indeed) | senkemirmegen eseŋif you didn't gnaw (indeed) | olkemirmegen eseif he didn't gnaw (indeed) | bizkemirmegen esekif we didn't gnaw (indeed) | sizkemirmegen esegizif you all didn't gnaw (indeed) | alakemirmegen eseleif they didn't gnaw (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkemirgen bolsamif I had gnawed | senkemirgen bolsaŋif you had gnawed | olkemirgen bolsaif he had gnawed | bizkemirgen bolsaqif we had gnawed | sizkemirgen bolsağızif you all had gnawed | alakemirgen bolsalaif they had gnawed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkemirmegen bolsamif I hadn't gnawed | senkemirmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't gnawed | olkemirmegen bolsaif he hadn't gnawed | bizkemirmegen bolsaqif we hadn't gnawed | sizkemirmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't gnawed | alakemirmegen bolsalaif they hadn't gnawed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkemirgen bolsam edikemirgen bolsam edif only I had gnawed | senkemirgen bolsaŋ edikemirgen bolsaŋ edif only you had gnawed | olkemirgen bolsa edikemirgen bolsaedif only he had gnawed | bizkemirgen bolsaq edikemirgen bolsaq edif only we had gnawed | sizkemirgen bolsağız edikemirgen bolsağız edif only you all had gnawed | alakemirgen bolsala edikemirgen bolsalaedif only they had gnawed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkemirmegen bolsam edikemirmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't gnawed | senkemirmegen bolsaŋ edikemirmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't gnawed | olkemirmegen bolsa edikemirmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't gnawed | bizkemirmegen bolsaq edikemirmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't gnawed | sizkemirmegen bolsağız edikemirmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't gnawed | alakemirmegen bolsala edikemirmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't gnawed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkemirir esemif I will gnaw | senkemirir eseŋif you will gnaw | olkemirir eseif he will gnaw | bizkemirir esekif we will gnaw | sizkemirir esegizif you all will gnaw | alakemirir eseleif they will gnaw |
| Conditional, aorist | menkemirmez esemif I won't gnaw | senkemirmez eseŋif you won't gnaw | olkemirmez eseif he won't gnaw | bizkemirmez esekif we won't gnaw | sizkemirmez esegizif you all won't gnaw | alakemirmez eseleif they won't gnaw |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menkemirlik esem4kemirrik esemif I am going to gnaw | senkemirlik eseŋ4kemirrik eseŋif you are going to gnaw | olkemirlik ese4kemirrik eseif he is going to gnaw | bizkemirlik esek4kemirrik esekif we are going to gnaw | sizkemirlik esegiz4kemirrik esegizif you all are going to gnaw | alakemirlik esele4kemirrik eseleif they are going to gnaw |
| Conditional, future | menkemirlik tül esem4kemirrik tül esemif I am not going to gnaw | senkemirlik tül eseŋ4kemirrik tül eseŋif you are not going to gnaw | olkemirlik tül ese4kemirrik tül eseif he is not going to gnaw | bizkemirlik tül esek4kemirrik tül esekif we are not going to gnaw | sizkemirlik tül esegiz4kemirrik tül esegizif you all are not going to gnaw | alakemirlik tül esele4kemirrik tül eseleif they are not going to gnaw |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkemirlik bolsam5kemirrik bolsamif I were going to gnaw | senkemirlik bolsaŋ5kemirrik bolsaŋif you were going to gnaw | olkemirlik bolsa5kemirrik bolsaif he were going to gnaw | bizkemirlik bolsaq5kemirrik bolsaqif we were going to gnaw | sizkemirlik bolsağız5kemirrik bolsağızif you all were going to gnaw | alakemirlik bolsala5kemirrik bolsalaif they were going to gnaw |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkemirmezlik bolsamif I were not going to gnaw | senkemirmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to gnaw | olkemirmezlik bolsaif he were not going to gnaw | bizkemirmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to gnaw | sizkemirmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to gnaw | alakemirmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to gnaw |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kemirdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kemirrik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kemirrik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkemire bolurmaI must be gnawing | senkemire bolursayou must be gnawing | olkemire bolurhe must be gnawing | bizkemire bolurbuzwe must be gnawing | sizkemire bolursuzyou all must be gnawing | alakemire bolurlathey must be gnawing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkemirmey bolurmaI must not be gnawing | senkemirmey bolursayou must not be gnawing | olkemirmey bolurhe must not be gnawing | bizkemirmey bolurbuzwe must not be gnawing | sizkemirmey bolursuzyou all must not be gnawing | alakemirmey bolurlathey must not be gnawing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkemire tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of gnawing | senkemire tura bolursayou must be in the middle of gnawing | olkemire tura bolurhe must be in the middle of gnawing | bizkemire tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of gnawing | sizkemire tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of gnawing | alakemire tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of gnawing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkemirmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not gnawing | senkemirmey tura bolursayou must keep on not gnawing | olkemirmey tura bolurhe must keep on not gnawing | bizkemirmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not gnawing | sizkemirmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not gnawing | alakemirmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not gnawing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkemirgen bolurmaI must have gnawed | senkemirgen bolursayou must have gnawed | olkemirgen bolurhe must have gnawed | bizkemirgen bolurbuzwe must have gnawed | sizkemirgen bolursuzyou all must have gnawed | alakemirgen bolurlathey must have gnawed |
| Inference (must have) | menkemirmegen bolurmaI must not have gnawed | senkemirmegen bolursayou must not have gnawed | olkemirmegen bolurhe must not have gnawed | bizkemirmegen bolurbuzwe must not have gnawed | sizkemirmegen bolursuzyou all must not have gnawed | alakemirmegen bolurlathey must not have gnawed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkemirlik bolurma6kemirrik bolurmaI must be going to gnaw | senkemirlik bolursa6kemirrik bolursayou must be going to gnaw | olkemirlik bolur6kemirrik bolurhe must be going to gnaw | bizkemirlik bolurbuz6kemirrik bolurbuzwe must be going to gnaw | sizkemirlik bolursuz6kemirrik bolursuzyou all must be going to gnaw | alakemirlik bolurla6kemirrik bolurlathey must be going to gnaw |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkemirmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to gnaw | senkemirmezlik bolursayou must not be going to gnaw | olkemirmezlik bolurhe must not be going to gnaw | bizkemirmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to gnaw | sizkemirmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to gnaw | alakemirmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to gnaw |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so kemirrik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkemireyimlet me gnaw | senkemir!gnaw! | olkemirsinlet him gnaw | bizkemireyiklet's gnaw | sizkemirigiz!gnaw, you all! | alakemirsinlelet them gnaw |
| Commands & suggestions | menkemirmeyimlet me not gnaw | senkemirme!don't gnaw! | olkemirmesinlet him not gnaw | bizkemirmeyiklet's not gnaw | sizkemirmegiz!don't gnaw, you all! | alakemirmesinlelet them not gnaw |
| Commands & suggestions | menkemireyimmi?shall I gnaw? | olkemirsinmi?should he gnaw? | bizkemireyikmi?shall we gnaw? | alakemirsinlemi?should they gnaw? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkemirmeyimmi?shall I not gnaw? | olkemirmesinmi?should he not gnaw? | bizkemirmeyikmi?shall we not gnaw? | alakemirmesinlemi?should they not gnaw? | ||
| Requests | senkemirçi7kemirçinplease gnaw | olkemirsinçido let him gnaw | sizkemirçigizplease gnaw (plural/polite) | alakemirsinleçido let them gnaw | ||
| Requests | senkemirmeçi7kemirmeçinplease don't gnaw | olkemirmesinçido let him not gnaw | sizkemirmeçigizplease don't gnaw (plural/polite) | alakemirmesinleçido let them not gnaw | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkemirginkemirgimay you gnaw | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkemirmeginkemirmegimay you not gnaw | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkemirgey edim kemirge edimwould that I gnawed | senkemirgey ediŋ kemirge ediŋwould that you gnawed | olkemirgey edi kemirge ediwould that he gnawed | bizkemirgey edik kemirge edikwould that we gnawed | sizkemirgey edigiz kemirge edigizwould that you all gnawed | alakemirgey edile kemirge edilewould that they gnawed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkemirmegey edim kemirmege edimwould that I did not gnaw | senkemirmegey ediŋ kemirmege ediŋwould that you did not gnaw | olkemirmegey edi kemirmege ediwould that he did not gnaw | bizkemirmegey edik kemirmege edikwould that we did not gnaw | sizkemirmegey edigiz kemirmege edigizwould that you all did not gnaw | alakemirmegey edile kemirmege edilewould that they did not gnaw |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemirmege qoyayımkemirme qoyayımlet me allow someone to gnaw | senkemirmege qoy!kemirme qoy!let someone gnaw! | olkemirmege qoysunkemirme qoysunlet him allow someone to gnaw | bizkemirmege qoyayıqkemirme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to gnaw | sizkemirmege qoyuğuz!kemirme qoyuğuz!let someone gnaw, you all! | alakemirmege qoysunlakemirme qoysunlalet them allow someone to gnaw |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemirmege qoymayımkemirme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to gnaw | senkemirmege qoyma!kemirme qoyma!don't let someone gnaw! | olkemirmege qoymasınkemirme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to gnaw | bizkemirmege qoymayıqkemirme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to gnaw | sizkemirmege qoymağız!kemirme qoymağız!don't let someone gnaw, you all! | alakemirmege qoymasınlakemirme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to gnaw |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemirmege qoyayımmı?kemirme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to gnaw? | olkemirmege qoysunmu?kemirme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to gnaw? | bizkemirmege qoyayıqmı?kemirme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to gnaw? | alakemirmege qoysunlamı?kemirme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to gnaw? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemirmege qoymayımmı?kemirme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to gnaw? | olkemirmege qoymasınmı?kemirme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to gnaw? | bizkemirmege qoymayıqmı?kemirme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to gnaw? | alakemirmege qoymasınlamı?kemirme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to gnaw? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkemirmege qoyamakemirme qoyamaI allow someone to gnaw | senkemirmege qoyasakemirme qoyasayou allow someone to gnaw | olkemirmege qoyadıkemirme qoyadıhe allows someone to gnaw | bizkemirmege qoyabızkemirme qoyabızwe allow someone to gnaw | sizkemirmege qoyasızkemirme qoyasızyou all allow someone to gnaw | alakemirmege qoyadılakemirme qoyadılathey allow someone to gnaw |
| Let someone… (present) | menkemirmege qoymaymakemirme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to gnaw | senkemirmege qoymaysakemirme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to gnaw | olkemirmege qoymaydıkemirme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to gnaw | bizkemirmege qoymaybızkemirme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to gnaw | sizkemirmege qoymaysızkemirme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to gnaw | alakemirmege qoymaydılakemirme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to gnaw |
| Let someone… (present) | menkemirmege qoyamamı?kemirme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to gnaw? | senkemirmege qoyamısa?kemirme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to gnaw? | olkemirmege qoyamıdı?kemirme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to gnaw? | bizkemirmege qoyabızmı?kemirme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to gnaw? | sizkemirmege qoyamısız?kemirme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to gnaw? | alakemirmege qoyamıdıla?kemirme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to gnaw? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkemirmege qoymaymamı?kemirme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to gnaw? | senkemirmege qoymaymısa?kemirme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to gnaw? | olkemirmege qoymaymıdı?kemirme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to gnaw? | bizkemirmege qoymaybızmı?kemirme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to gnaw? | sizkemirmege qoymaymısız?kemirme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to gnaw? | alakemirmege qoymaymıdıla?kemirme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to gnaw? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemirmege qoydumkemirme qoydumI allowed someone to gnaw | senkemirmege qoyduŋkemirme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to gnaw | olkemirmege qoydukemirme qoyduhe allowed someone to gnaw | bizkemirmege qoyduqkemirme qoyduqwe allowed someone to gnaw | sizkemirmege qoyduğuzkemirme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to gnaw | alakemirmege qoydulakemirme qoydulathey allowed someone to gnaw |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemirmege qoymadımkemirme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to gnaw | senkemirmege qoymadıŋkemirme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to gnaw | olkemirmege qoymadıkemirme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to gnaw | bizkemirmege qoymadıqkemirme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to gnaw | sizkemirmege qoymadığızkemirme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to gnaw | alakemirmege qoymadılakemirme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to gnaw |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemirmege qoydummu?kemirme qoydummu?did I allow someone to gnaw? | senkemirmege qoyduŋmu?kemirme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to gnaw? | olkemirmege qoydumu?kemirme qoydumu?did he allow someone to gnaw? | bizkemirmege qoyduqmu?kemirme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to gnaw? | sizkemirmege qoyduğuzmu?kemirme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to gnaw? | alakemirmege qoydulamı?kemirme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to gnaw? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemirmege qoymadımmı?kemirme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to gnaw? | senkemirmege qoymadıŋmı?kemirme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to gnaw? | olkemirmege qoymadımı?kemirme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to gnaw? | bizkemirmege qoymadıqmı?kemirme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to gnaw? | sizkemirmege qoymadığızmı?kemirme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to gnaw? | alakemirmege qoymadılamı?kemirme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to gnaw? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkemiralamaI can gnaw | senkemiralasayou can gnaw | olkemiraladıhe can gnaw | bizkemiralabızwe can gnaw | sizkemiralasızyou all can gnaw | alakemiraladılathey can gnaw |
| Ability — present | menkemiralmaymaI can't gnaw | senkemiralmaysayou can't gnaw | olkemiralmaydıhe can't gnaw | bizkemiralmaybızwe can't gnaw | sizkemiralmaysızyou all can't gnaw | alakemiralmaydılathey can't gnaw |
| Ability — present | menkemiralamamı? kemiralamıma?can I gnaw? | senkemiralamısa?can you gnaw? | olkemiralamıdı?can he gnaw? | bizkemiralabızmı? kemiralamıbız?can we gnaw? | sizkemiralamısız?can you all gnaw? | alakemiralamıdıla?can they gnaw? |
| Ability — present | menkemiralmaymamı? kemiralmaymıma?can't I gnaw? | senkemiralmaymısa?can't you gnaw? | olkemiralmaymıdı?can't he gnaw? | bizkemiralmaybızmı? kemiralmaymıbız?can't we gnaw? | sizkemiralmaymısız?can't you all gnaw? | alakemiralmaymıdıla?can't they gnaw? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkemiralsamif I can gnaw | senkemiralsaŋif you can gnaw | olkemiralsaif he can gnaw | bizkemiralsaqif we can gnaw | sizkemiralsağızif you all can gnaw | alakemiralsalaif they can gnaw |
| Ability — if I can… | menkemiralmasamif I can't gnaw | senkemiralmasaŋif you can't gnaw | olkemiralmasaif he can't gnaw | bizkemiralmasaqif we can't gnaw | sizkemiralmasağızif you all can't gnaw | alakemiralmasalaif they can't gnaw |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkemiraldımI was able to gnaw | senkemiraldıŋyou were able to gnaw | olkemiraldıhe was able to gnaw | bizkemiraldıqwe were able to gnaw | sizkemiraldığızyou all were able to gnaw | alakemiraldılathey were able to gnaw |
| Ability — simple past | menkemiralmadımI could not gnaw | senkemiralmadıŋyou could not gnaw | olkemiralmadıhe could not gnaw | bizkemiralmadıqwe could not gnaw | sizkemiralmadığızyou all could not gnaw | alakemiralmadılathey could not gnaw |
| Ability — simple past | menkemiraldımmı?was I able to gnaw? | senkemiraldıŋmı?were you able to gnaw? | olkemiraldımı?was he able to gnaw? | bizkemiraldıqmı?were we able to gnaw? | sizkemiraldığızmı?were you all able to gnaw? | alakemiraldılamı?were they able to gnaw? |
| Ability — simple past | menkemiralmadımmı?couldn't I gnaw? | senkemiralmadıŋmı?couldn't you gnaw? | olkemiralmadımı?couldn't he gnaw? | bizkemiralmadıqmı?couldn't we gnaw? | sizkemiralmadığızmı?couldn't you all gnaw? | alakemiralmadılamı?couldn't they gnaw? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemiralğanmaI have been able to gnaw | senkemiralğansayou have been able to gnaw | olkemiralğandıhe has been able to gnaw | bizkemiralğanbızwe have been able to gnaw | sizkemiralğansızyou all have been able to gnaw | alakemiralğandılathey have been able to gnaw |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemiralmağanmaI haven't been able to gnaw | senkemiralmağansayou haven't been able to gnaw | olkemiralmağandıhe hasn't been able to gnaw | bizkemiralmağanbızwe haven't been able to gnaw | sizkemiralmağansızyou all haven't been able to gnaw | alakemiralmağandılathey haven't been able to gnaw |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemiralğanmamı? kemiralğanmıma?have I been able to gnaw? | senkemiralğanmısa?have you been able to gnaw? | olkemiralğanmıdı?has he been able to gnaw? | bizkemiralğanbızmı? kemiralğanmıbız?have we been able to gnaw? | sizkemiralğanmısız?have you all been able to gnaw? | alakemiralğanmıdıla?have they been able to gnaw? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemiralmağanmamı? kemiralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to gnaw? | senkemiralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to gnaw? | olkemiralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to gnaw? | bizkemiralmağanbızmı? kemiralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to gnaw? | sizkemiralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to gnaw? | alakemiralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to gnaw? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkemiralğan edimkemiralğanemI had been able to gnaw | senkemiralğan ediŋkemiralğaneŋyou had been able to gnaw | olkemiralğan edikemiralğanedhe had been able to gnaw | bizkemiralğan edikkemiralğanekwe had been able to gnaw | sizkemiralğan edigizkemiralğanegizyou all had been able to gnaw | alakemiralğan edilekemiralğanellethey had been able to gnaw |
| Ability — past perfect | menkemiralmağan edimkemiralmağanemI hadn't been able to gnaw | senkemiralmağan ediŋkemiralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to gnaw | olkemiralmağan edikemiralmağanedhe hadn't been able to gnaw | bizkemiralmağan edikkemiralmağanekwe hadn't been able to gnaw | sizkemiralmağan edigizkemiralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to gnaw | alakemiralmağan edilekemiralmağanellethey hadn't been able to gnaw |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkemirala edimkemiralaemI could gnaw | senkemirala ediŋkemiralaeŋyou could gnaw | olkemirala edikemiralaedhe could gnaw | bizkemirala edikkemiralaekwe could gnaw | sizkemirala edigizkemiralaegizyou all could gnaw | alakemirala edilekemiralaellethey could gnaw |
| Ability — past background | menkemiralmay edimkemiralmayemI could not gnaw | senkemiralmay ediŋkemiralmayeŋyou could not gnaw | olkemiralmay edikemiralmayedhe could not gnaw | bizkemiralmay edikkemiralmayekwe could not gnaw | sizkemiralmay edigizkemiralmayegizyou all could not gnaw | alakemiralmay edilekemiralmayellethey could not gnaw |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkemiralırmaI will be able to gnaw | senkemiralırsayou will be able to gnaw | olkemiralırhe will be able to gnaw | bizkemiralırbızwe will be able to gnaw | sizkemiralırsızyou all will be able to gnaw | alakemiralırlathey will be able to gnaw |
| Ability — future I | menkemiralmazmaI won't be able to gnaw | senkemiralmazsayou won't be able to gnaw | olkemiralmazhe won't be able to gnaw | bizkemiralmazbızwe won't be able to gnaw | sizkemiralmazsızyou all won't be able to gnaw | alakemiralmazlathey won't be able to gnaw |
| Ability — future I | menkemiralırmamı? kemiralırmıma?will I be able to gnaw? | senkemiralırmısa?will you be able to gnaw? | olkemiralırmı?will he be able to gnaw? | bizkemiralırbızmı? kemiralırmıbız?will we be able to gnaw? | sizkemiralırmısız?will you all be able to gnaw? | alakemiralırlamı? kemiralırmıla?will they be able to gnaw? |
| Ability — future I | menkemiralmazmamı? kemiralmazmıma?won't I be able to gnaw? | senkemiralmazmısa?won't you be able to gnaw? | olkemiralmazmı?won't he be able to gnaw? | bizkemiralmazbızmı? kemiralmazmıbız?won't we be able to gnaw? | sizkemiralmazmısız?won't you all be able to gnaw? | alakemiralmazlamı? kemiralmazmıla?won't they be able to gnaw? |
| Ability — future II | menkemirallıqmaI am going to be able to gnaw | senkemirallıqsayou are going to be able to gnaw | olkemirallıqdıhe is going to be able to gnaw | bizkemirallıqbızwe are going to be able to gnaw | sizkemirallıqsızyou all are going to be able to gnaw | alakemirallıqdılathey are going to be able to gnaw |
| Ability — future II | menkemirallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to gnaw | senkemirallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to gnaw | olkemirallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to gnaw | bizkemirallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to gnaw | sizkemirallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to gnaw | alakemirallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to gnaw |
| Ability — future II | menkemirallıqmamı? kemirallıqmıma?am I going to be able to gnaw? | senkemirallıqmısa?are you going to be able to gnaw? | olkemirallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to gnaw? | bizkemirallıqbızmı? kemirallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to gnaw? | sizkemirallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to gnaw? | alakemirallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to gnaw? |
| Ability — future II | menkemirallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to gnaw? | senkemirallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to gnaw? | olkemirallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to gnaw? | bizkemirallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to gnaw? | sizkemirallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to gnaw? | alakemirallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to gnaw? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkemiralır edimkemiralır emI would be able to gnaw | senkemiralır ediŋkemiralır eŋyou would be able to gnaw | olkemiralır edikemiralır edhe would be able to gnaw | bizkemiralır edikkemiralır ekwe would be able to gnaw | sizkemiralır edigizkemiralır egizyou all would be able to gnaw | alakemiralır edilekemiralır ellethey would be able to gnaw |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkemiralmaz edimkemiralmaz emI wouldn't be able to gnaw | senkemiralmaz ediŋkemiralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to gnaw | olkemiralmaz edikemiralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to gnaw | bizkemiralmaz edikkemiralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to gnaw | sizkemiralmaz edigizkemiralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to gnaw | alakemiralmaz edilekemiralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to gnaw |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkemiralğınkemiralğımay you be able to gnaw | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkemiralmağınkemiralmağımay you not be able to gnaw | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkemirirge izleymeI want to gnaw | senkemirirge izleyseyou want to gnaw | olkemirirge izleydihe wants to gnaw | bizkemirirge izleybizwe want to gnaw | sizkemirirge izleysizyou all want to gnaw | alakemirirge izleydilethey want to gnaw |
| want to | menkemirirge izlemeymeI do not want to gnaw | senkemirirge izlemeyseyou do not want to gnaw | olkemirirge izlemeydihe does not want to gnaw | bizkemirirge izlemeybizwe do not want to gnaw | sizkemirirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to gnaw | alakemirirge izlemeydilethey do not want to gnaw |
| would like to | menkemirirge süemeI would like to gnaw | senkemirirge süeseyou would like to gnaw | olkemirirge süedihe would like to gnaw | bizkemirirge süebizwe would like to gnaw | sizkemirirge süesizyou all would like to gnaw | alakemirirge süedilethey would like to gnaw |
| would like to | menkemirirge süymeymeI would not like to gnaw | senkemirirge süymeyseyou would not like to gnaw | olkemirirge süymeydihe would not like to gnaw | bizkemirirge süymeybizwe would not like to gnaw | sizkemirirge süymeysizyou all would not like to gnaw | alakemirirge süymeydilethey would not like to gnaw |
| hope to | menkemirirge umutlanamaI hope to gnaw | senkemirirge umutlanasayou hope to gnaw | olkemirirge umutlanadıhe hopes to gnaw | bizkemirirge umutlanabızwe hope to gnaw | sizkemirirge umutlanasızyou all hope to gnaw | alakemirirge umutlanadılathey hope to gnaw |
| hope to | menkemirirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to gnaw | senkemirirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to gnaw | olkemirirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to gnaw | bizkemirirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to gnaw | sizkemirirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to gnaw | alakemirirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to gnaw |
| be about to | menkemirirge deb turamaI am about to gnaw | senkemirirge deb turasayou are about to gnaw | olkemirirge deb turadıhe is about to gnaw | bizkemirirge deb turabızwe are about to gnaw | sizkemirirge deb turasızyou all are about to gnaw | alakemirirge deb turadılathey are about to gnaw |
| be about to | menkemirirge deb turmaymaI am not about to gnaw | senkemirirge deb turmaysayou are not about to gnaw | olkemirirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to gnaw | bizkemirirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to gnaw | sizkemirirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to gnaw | alakemirirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to gnaw |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkemirirge kerekmeI need to gnaw | senkemirirge kerekseyou need to gnaw | olkemirirge kerekdihe needs to gnaw | bizkemirirge kerekbizwe need to gnaw | sizkemirirge kereksizyou all need to gnaw | alakemirirge kerekdilethey need to gnaw |
| need to | menkemirirge kerek tülmeI do not need to gnaw | senkemirirge kerek tülseyou do not need to gnaw | olkemirirge kerek tüldühe does not need to gnaw | bizkemirirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to gnaw | sizkemirirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to gnaw | alakemirirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to gnaw |
| have to | menmenŋe kemirirge tüşediI have to gnaw | sensenŋe kemirirge tüşediyou have to gnaw | olaŋa kemirirge tüşedihe has to gnaw | bizbizge kemirirge tüşediwe have to gnaw | sizsizge kemirirge tüşediyou all have to gnaw | alaalağa kemirirge tüşedithey have to gnaw |
| have to | menmenŋe kemirirge tüşmeydiI do not have to gnaw | sensenŋe kemirirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to gnaw | olaŋa kemirirge tüşmeydihe does not have to gnaw | bizbizge kemirirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to gnaw | sizsizge kemirirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to gnaw | alaalağa kemirirge tüşmeydithey do not have to gnaw |
| be obliged to | menkemirirge borçlumaI am obliged to gnaw | senkemirirge borçlusayou are obliged to gnaw | olkemirirge borçluduhe is obliged to gnaw | bizkemirirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to gnaw | sizkemirirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to gnaw | alakemirirge borçludulathey are obliged to gnaw |
| be obliged to | menkemirirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to gnaw | senkemirirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to gnaw | olkemirirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to gnaw | bizkemirirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to gnaw | sizkemirirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to gnaw | alakemirirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to gnaw |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkemirirge madarım bardıI have a way to gnaw | senkemirirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to gnaw | olkemirirge madarı bardıhe has a way to gnaw | bizkemirirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to gnaw | sizkemirirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to gnaw | alakemirirge madarları bardıthey have a way to gnaw |
| have a way to | menkemirirge madarım joqduI have no way to gnaw | senkemirirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to gnaw | olkemirirge madarı joqduhe has no way to gnaw | bizkemirirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to gnaw | sizkemirirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to gnaw | alakemirirge madarları joqduthey have no way to gnaw |
| be free to | menkemirirge erkinligim bardıI am free to gnaw | senkemirirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to gnaw | olkemirirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to gnaw | bizkemirirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to gnaw | sizkemirirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to gnaw | alakemirirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to gnaw |
| be free to | menkemirirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to gnaw | senkemirirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to gnaw | olkemirirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to gnaw | bizkemirirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to gnaw | sizkemirirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to gnaw | alakemirirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to gnaw |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kemirirge bolluqduit is possible for me to gnaw | sensenŋe kemirirge bolluqduit is possible for you to gnaw | olaŋa kemirirge bolluqduit is possible for him to gnaw | bizbizge kemirirge bolluqduit is possible for us to gnaw | sizsizge kemirirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to gnaw | alaalağa kemirirge bolluqduit is possible for them to gnaw |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kemirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to gnaw | sensenŋe kemirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to gnaw | olaŋa kemirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to gnaw | bizbizge kemirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to gnaw | sizsizge kemirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to gnaw | alaalağa kemirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to gnaw |
| be ready to | menkemirirge hazırmaI am ready to gnaw | senkemirirge hazırsayou are ready to gnaw | olkemirirge hazırdıhe is ready to gnaw | bizkemirirge hazırbızwe are ready to gnaw | sizkemirirge hazırsızyou all are ready to gnaw | alakemirirge hazırdılathey are ready to gnaw |
| be ready to | menkemirirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to gnaw | senkemirirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to gnaw | olkemirirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to gnaw | bizkemirirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to gnaw | sizkemirirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to gnaw | alakemirirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to gnaw |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkemirirge küreşemeI am trying to gnaw | senkemirirge küreşeseyou are trying to gnaw | olkemirirge küreşedihe is trying to gnaw | bizkemirirge küreşebizwe are trying to gnaw | sizkemirirge küreşesizyou all are trying to gnaw | alakemirirge küreşedilethey are trying to gnaw |
| try to | menkemirirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to gnaw | senkemirirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to gnaw | olkemirirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to gnaw | bizkemirirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to gnaw | sizkemirirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to gnaw | alakemirirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to gnaw |
| agree to | menkemirirge unaymaI agree to gnaw | senkemirirge unaysayou agree to gnaw | olkemirirge unaydıhe agrees to gnaw | bizkemirirge unaybızwe agree to gnaw | sizkemirirge unaysızyou all agree to gnaw | alakemirirge unaydılathey agree to gnaw |
| agree to | menkemirirge unamaymaI refuse to gnaw | senkemirirge unamaysayou refuse to gnaw | olkemirirge unamaydıhe refuses to gnaw | bizkemirirge unamaybızwe refuse to gnaw | sizkemirirge unamaysızyou all refuse to gnaw | alakemirirge unamaydılathey refuse to gnaw |
| hurry to | menkemirirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to gnaw | senkemirirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to gnaw | olkemirirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to gnaw | bizkemirirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to gnaw | sizkemirirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to gnaw | alakemirirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to gnaw |
| hurry to | menkemirirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to gnaw | senkemirirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to gnaw | olkemirirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to gnaw | bizkemirirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to gnaw | sizkemirirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to gnaw | alakemirirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to gnaw |
| be afraid to | menkemirirge qorqamaI am afraid to gnaw | senkemirirge qorqasayou are afraid to gnaw | olkemirirge qorqadıhe is afraid to gnaw | bizkemirirge qorqabızwe are afraid to gnaw | sizkemirirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to gnaw | alakemirirge qorqadılathey are afraid to gnaw |
| be afraid to | menkemirirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to gnaw | senkemirirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to gnaw | olkemirirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to gnaw | bizkemirirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to gnaw | sizkemirirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to gnaw | alakemirirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to gnaw |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkemire bolmazmaI can't be gnawing | senkemire bolmazsayou can't be gnawing | olkemire bolmazhe can't be gnawing | bizkemire bolmazbızwe can't be gnawing | sizkemire bolmazsızyou all can't be gnawing | alakemire bolmazlathey can't be gnawing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkemirmey bolmazmaI must be gnawing (emphatic) | senkemirmey bolmazsayou must be gnawing (emphatic) | olkemirmey bolmazhe must be gnawing (emphatic) | bizkemirmey bolmazbızwe must be gnawing (emphatic) | sizkemirmey bolmazsızyou all must be gnawing (emphatic) | alakemirmey bolmazlathey must be gnawing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkemire turmasamif I don't keep gnawing | senkemire turmasaŋif you don't keep gnawing | olkemire turmasaif he doesn't keep gnawing | bizkemire turmasaqif we don't keep gnawing | sizkemire turmasağızif you all don't keep gnawing | alakemire turmasalaif they don't keep gnawing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkemire tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of gnawing | senkemire tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of gnawing | olkemire tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of gnawing | bizkemire tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of gnawing | sizkemire tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of gnawing | alakemire tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of gnawing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkemirmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not gnawing (emphatic) | senkemirmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not gnawing (emphatic) | olkemirmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not gnawing (emphatic) | bizkemirmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not gnawing (emphatic) | sizkemirmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not gnawing (emphatic) | alakemirmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not gnawing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkemirmey turamaI keep on not gnawing | senkemirmey turasayou keep on not gnawing | olkemirmey turadıhe keeps on not gnawing | bizkemirmey turabızwe keep on not gnawing | sizkemirmey turasızyou all keep on not gnawing | alakemirmey turadılathey keep on not gnawing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkemirmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not gnawing | senkemirmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not gnawing | olkemirmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not gnawing | bizkemirmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not gnawing | sizkemirmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not gnawing | alakemirmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not gnawing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkemirmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not gnawing? | senkemirmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not gnawing? | olkemirmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not gnawing? | bizkemirmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not gnawing? | sizkemirmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not gnawing? | alakemirmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not gnawing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkemirgen bolmazmaI can't have gnawed | senkemirgen bolmazsayou can't have gnawed | olkemirgen bolmazhe can't have gnawed | bizkemirgen bolmazbızwe can't have gnawed | sizkemirgen bolmazsızyou all can't have gnawed | alakemirgen bolmazlathey can't have gnawed |
| Inference — double negation | menkemirmegen bolmazmaI must have gnawed (emphatic) | senkemirmegen bolmazsayou must have gnawed (emphatic) | olkemirmegen bolmazhe must have gnawed (emphatic) | bizkemirmegen bolmazbızwe must have gnawed (emphatic) | sizkemirmegen bolmazsızyou all must have gnawed (emphatic) | alakemirmegen bolmazlathey must have gnawed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkemirgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had gnawed | senkemirgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had gnawed | olkemirgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had gnawed | bizkemirgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had gnawed | sizkemirgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had gnawed | alakemirgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had gnawed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkemirmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't gnawed | senkemirmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't gnawed | olkemirmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't gnawed | bizkemirmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't gnawed | sizkemirmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't gnawed | alakemirmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't gnawed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menkemirlik bolmazmaI can't be going to gnaw | senkemirlik bolmazsayou can't be going to gnaw | olkemirlik bolmazhe can't be going to gnaw | bizkemirlik bolmazbızwe can't be going to gnaw | sizkemirlik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to gnaw | alakemirlik bolmazlathey can't be going to gnaw |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkemirmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to gnaw (emphatic) | senkemirmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to gnaw (emphatic) | olkemirmezlik bolmazhe must be going to gnaw (emphatic) | bizkemirmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to gnaw (emphatic) | sizkemirmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to gnaw (emphatic) | alakemirmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to gnaw (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menkemirlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to gnaw | senkemirlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to gnaw | olkemirlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to gnaw | bizkemirlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to gnaw | sizkemirlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to gnaw | alakemirlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to gnaw |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkemirmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to gnaw | senkemirmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to gnaw | olkemirmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to gnaw | bizkemirmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to gnaw | sizkemirmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to gnaw | alakemirmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to gnaw |