ürkerge
/yrkerɡe/
1. take fright, shy, start away — said of sheep, horses and other animals
- qoyla ürkdüle — the sheep took fright
- at ürküb qaçdı — the horse shied and bolted
- ürküb, sol janına sekirdi — shied and jumped to its left side
- bir janına ürkerge — to shy to one side
2. be startled, be alarmed, be frightened — Said of people. one source
- sabiy ürküb qaldı — the child was startled
- ol qıçırğanda ürkdü — was startled when he shouted
- ürküb uyanŋandı — he woke with a start
- ürkmey, buyuqmay, sabır söleşgeni — his speaking calmly, without being startled or cowering
Conjugation
Common forms
- ürkedihe is taking fright
- ürkdühe took fright
- ürkgendihe has taken fright
- ürkerhe will take fright
- ürkerikdihe is going to take fright
- ürke edihe was taking fright
- ürkseif he takes fright
- ürk!take fright!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürkemeI am taking fright | senürkeseyou are taking fright | olürkedihe is taking fright | bizürkebizwe are taking fright | sizürkesizyou all are taking fright | alaürkedilethey are taking fright |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürkmeymeI am not taking fright | senürkmeyseyou are not taking fright | olürkmeydihe is not taking fright | bizürkmeybizwe are not taking fright | sizürkmeysizyou all are not taking fright | alaürkmeydilethey are not taking fright |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürkememi? ürkemime?am I taking fright? | senürkemise?are you taking fright? | olürkemidi?is he taking fright? | bizürkebizmi? ürkemibiz?are we taking fright? | sizürkemisiz?are you all taking fright? | alaürkemidile?are they taking fright? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menürkmeymemi? ürkmeymime?aren't I taking fright? | senürkmeymise?aren't you taking fright? | olürkmeymidi?isn't he taking fright? | bizürkmeybizmi? ürkmeymibiz?aren't we taking fright? | sizürkmeymisiz?aren't you all taking fright? | alaürkmeymidile?aren't they taking fright? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürküwçenmeI usually take fright | senürküwçenseyou usually take fright | olürküwçendihe usually takes fright | bizürküwçenbizwe usually take fright | sizürküwçensizyou all usually take fright | alaürküwçendilethey usually take fright |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürkmewçenmeI usually don't take fright | senürkmewçenseyou usually don't take fright | olürkmewçendihe usually doesn't take fright | bizürkmewçenbizwe usually don't take fright | sizürkmewçensizyou all usually don't take fright | alaürkmewçendilethey usually don't take fright |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürküwçenmemi? ürküwçenmime?do I usually take fright? | senürküwçenmise?do you usually take fright? | olürküwçenmidi?does he usually take fright? | bizürküwçenbizmi? ürküwçenmibiz?do we usually take fright? | sizürküwçenmisiz?do you all usually take fright? | alaürküwçenmidile?do they usually take fright? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menürkmewçenmemi? ürkmewçenmime?do I usually not take fright? | senürkmewçenmise?do you usually not take fright? | olürkmewçenmidi?does he usually not take fright? | bizürkmewçenbizmi? ürkmewçenmibiz?do we usually not take fright? | sizürkmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not take fright? | alaürkmewçenmidile?do they usually not take fright? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olürkübdühe has taken fright and remains so | alaürkübdülethey have taken fright and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olürkübmüdü?has he taken fright? | alaürkübmüdüle?have they taken fright? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürküb turamaI keep taking fright | senürküb turasayou keep taking fright | olürküb turadıhe keeps taking fright | bizürküb turabızwe keep taking fright | sizürküb turasızyou all keep taking fright | alaürküb turadılathey keep taking fright |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürküb turmaymaI don't keep taking fright | senürküb turmaysayou don't keep taking fright | olürküb turmaydıhe doesn't keep taking fright | bizürküb turmaybızwe don't keep taking fright | sizürküb turmaysızyou all don't keep taking fright | alaürküb turmaydılathey don't keep taking fright |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürküb turamamı? ürküb turamıma?do I keep taking fright? | senürküb turamısa?do you keep taking fright? | olürküb turamıdı?does he keep taking fright? | bizürküb turabızmı? ürküb turamıbız?do we keep taking fright? | sizürküb turamısız?do you all keep taking fright? | alaürküb turamıdıla?do they keep taking fright? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menürküb turmaymamı? ürküb turmaymıma?don't I keep taking fright? | senürküb turmaymısa?don't you keep taking fright? | olürküb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep taking fright? | bizürküb turmaybızmı? ürküb turmaymıbız?don't we keep taking fright? | sizürküb turmaymısız?don't you all keep taking fright? | alaürküb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep taking fright? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürke turamaI am in the middle of taking fright | senürke turasayou are in the middle of taking fright | olürke turadıhe is in the middle of taking fright | bizürke turabızwe are in the middle of taking fright | sizürke turasızyou all are in the middle of taking fright | alaürke turadılathey are in the middle of taking fright |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürke turmaymaI am not in the middle of taking fright | senürke turmaysayou are not in the middle of taking fright | olürke turmaydıhe is not in the middle of taking fright | bizürke turmaybızwe are not in the middle of taking fright | sizürke turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of taking fright | alaürke turmaydılathey are not in the middle of taking fright |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürke turamamı? ürke turamıma?am I in the middle of taking fright? | senürke turamısa?are you in the middle of taking fright? | olürke turamıdı?is he in the middle of taking fright? | bizürke turabızmı? ürke turamıbız?are we in the middle of taking fright? | sizürke turamısız?are you all in the middle of taking fright? | alaürke turamıdıla?are they in the middle of taking fright? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menürke turmaymamı? ürke turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of taking fright? | senürke turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of taking fright? | olürke turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of taking fright? | bizürke turmaybızmı? ürke turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of taking fright? | sizürke turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of taking fright? | alaürke turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of taking fright? |
| Simple past (definite) | menürkdümI took fright | senürkdüŋyou took fright | olürkdühe took fright | bizürkdükwe took fright | sizürkdügüzyou all took fright | alaürkdülethey took fright |
| Simple past (definite) | menürkmedimI didn't take fright | senürkmediŋyou didn't take fright | olürkmedihe didn't take fright | bizürkmedikwe didn't take fright | sizürkmedigizyou all didn't take fright | alaürkmedilethey didn't take fright |
| Simple past (definite) | menürkdümmü?did I take fright? | senürkdüŋmü?did you take fright? | olürkdümü?did he take fright? | bizürkdükmü?did we take fright? | sizürkdügüzmü?did you all take fright? | alaürkdülemi?did they take fright? |
| Simple past (definite) | menürkmedimmi?didn't I take fright? | senürkmediŋmi?didn't you take fright? | olürkmedimi?didn't he take fright? | bizürkmedikmi?didn't we take fright? | sizürkmedigizmi?didn't you all take fright? | alaürkmedilemi?didn't they take fright? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürkgenmeI have taken fright | senürkgenseyou have taken fright | olürkgendihe has taken fright | bizürkgenbizwe have taken fright | sizürkgensizyou all have taken fright | alaürkgendilethey have taken fright |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürkmegenmeI haven't taken fright | senürkmegenseyou haven't taken fright | olürkmegendihe hasn't taken fright | bizürkmegenbizwe haven't taken fright | sizürkmegensizyou all haven't taken fright | alaürkmegendilethey haven't taken fright |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürkgenmemi? ürkgenmime?have I taken fright? | senürkgenmise?have you taken fright? | olürkgenmidi?has he taken fright? | bizürkgenbizmi? ürkgenmibiz?have we taken fright? | sizürkgenmisiz?have you all taken fright? | alaürkgenmidile?have they taken fright? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menürkmegenmemi? ürkmegenmime?haven't I taken fright? | senürkmegenmise?haven't you taken fright? | olürkmegenmidi?hasn't he taken fright? | bizürkmegenbizmi? ürkmegenmibiz?haven't we taken fright? | sizürkmegenmisiz?haven't you all taken fright? | alaürkmegenmidile?haven't they taken fright? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menürküb turdumI kept taking fright | senürküb turduŋyou kept taking fright | olürküb turduhe kept taking fright | bizürküb turduqwe kept taking fright | sizürküb turduğuzyou all kept taking fright | alaürküb turdulathey kept taking fright |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menürküb turmadımI didn't keep taking fright | senürküb turmadıŋyou didn't keep taking fright | olürküb turmadıhe didn't keep taking fright | bizürküb turmadıqwe didn't keep taking fright | sizürküb turmadığızyou all didn't keep taking fright | alaürküb turmadılathey didn't keep taking fright |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürkermeI will take fright | senürkerseyou will take fright | olürkerhe will take fright | bizürkerbizwe will take fright | sizürkersizyou all will take fright | alaürkerlethey will take fright |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürkmezmeI won't take fright | senürkmezseyou won't take fright | olürkmezhe won't take fright | bizürkmezbizwe won't take fright | sizürkmezsizyou all won't take fright | alaürkmezlethey won't take fright |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürkermemi? ürkermime?will I take fright? | senürkermise?will you take fright? | olürkermi?will he take fright? | bizürkerbizmi? ürkermibiz?will we take fright? | sizürkermisiz?will you all take fright? | alaürkerlemi? ürkermile?will they take fright? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menürkmezmemi? ürkmezmime?won't I take fright? | senürkmezmise?won't you take fright? | olürkmezmi?won't he take fright? | bizürkmezbizmi? ürkmezmibiz?won't we take fright? | sizürkmezmisiz?won't you all take fright? | alaürkmezlemi? ürkmezmile?won't they take fright? |
| Definite future (future II) | menürkerikmeI am going to take fright | senürkerikseyou are going to take fright | olürkerikdihe is going to take fright | bizürkerikbizwe are going to take fright | sizürkeriksizyou all are going to take fright | alaürkerikdilethey are going to take fright |
| Definite future (future II) | menürkerik tülmeI am not going to take fright | senürkerik tülseyou are not going to take fright | olürkerik tüldühe is not going to take fright | bizürkerik tülbüzwe are not going to take fright | sizürkerik tülsüzyou all are not going to take fright | alaürkerik tüldülethey are not going to take fright |
| Definite future (future II) | menürkerikmemi? ürkerikmime?am I going to take fright? | senürkerikmise?are you going to take fright? | olürkerikmidi?is he going to take fright? | bizürkerikbizmi? ürkerikmibiz?are we going to take fright? | sizürkerikmisiz?are you all going to take fright? | alaürkerikmidile?are they going to take fright? |
| Definite future (future II) | menürkerik tülmüme?aren't I going to take fright? | senürkerik tülmüse?aren't you going to take fright? | olürkerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to take fright? | bizürkerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to take fright? | sizürkerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to take fright? | alaürkerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to take fright? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menürkgen edimürkgenemI had taken fright | senürkgen ediŋürkgeneŋyou had taken fright | olürkgen ediürkgenedhe had taken fright | bizürkgen edikürkgenekwe had taken fright | sizürkgen edigizürkgenegizyou all had taken fright | alaürkgen edileürkgenellethey had taken fright |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menürkmegen edimürkmegenemI hadn't taken fright | senürkmegen ediŋürkmegeneŋyou hadn't taken fright | olürkmegen ediürkmegenedhe hadn't taken fright | bizürkmegen edikürkmegenekwe hadn't taken fright | sizürkmegen edigizürkmegenegizyou all hadn't taken fright | alaürkmegen edileürkmegenellethey hadn't taken fright |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menürke edimürkemI was taking fright | senürke ediŋürkeŋyou were taking fright | olürke ediürkedhe was taking fright | bizürke edikürkekwe were taking fright | sizürke edigizürkegizyou all were taking fright | alaürke edileürkellethey were taking fright |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menürkmey edimürkmeyemI wasn't taking fright | senürkmey ediŋürkmeyeŋyou weren't taking fright | olürkmey ediürkmeyedhe wasn't taking fright | bizürkmey edikürkmeyekwe weren't taking fright | sizürkmey edigizürkmeyegizyou all weren't taking fright | alaürkmey edileürkmeyellethey weren't taking fright |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menürküwçen edimürküwçenemI used to take fright | senürküwçen ediŋürküwçeneŋyou used to take fright | olürküwçen ediürküwçenedhe used to take fright | bizürküwçen edikürküwçenekwe used to take fright | sizürküwçen edigizürküwçenegizyou all used to take fright | alaürküwçen edileürküwçenellethey used to take fright |
| Habitual past (used to) | menürkmewçen edimürkmewçenemI didn't use to take fright | senürkmewçen ediŋürkmewçeneŋyou didn't use to take fright | olürkmewçen ediürkmewçenedhe didn't use to take fright | bizürkmewçen edikürkmewçenekwe didn't use to take fright | sizürkmewçen edigizürkmewçenegizyou all didn't use to take fright | alaürkmewçen edileürkmewçenellethey didn't use to take fright |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olürküb edihe had taken fright and remained so | alaürküb edilethey had taken fright and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olürküb tül edihe hadn't taken fright | alaürküb tül edilethey hadn't taken fright | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menürküb tura edimürküb turaemI had kept taking fright | senürküb tura ediŋürküb turaeŋyou had kept taking fright | olürküb tura ediürküb turaedhe had kept taking fright | bizürküb tura edikürküb turaekwe had kept taking fright | sizürküb tura edigizürküb turaegizyou all had kept taking fright | alaürküb tura edileürküb turaellethey had kept taking fright |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menürküb turmay edimürküb turmayemI hadn't kept taking fright | senürküb turmay ediŋürküb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept taking fright | olürküb turmay ediürküb turmayedhe hadn't kept taking fright | bizürküb turmay edikürküb turmayekwe hadn't kept taking fright | sizürküb turmay edigizürküb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept taking fright | alaürküb turmay edileürküb turmayellethey hadn't kept taking fright |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menürke tura edimürke turaemI was in the middle of taking fright | senürke tura ediŋürke turaeŋyou were in the middle of taking fright | olürke tura ediürke turaedhe was in the middle of taking fright | bizürke tura edikürke turaekwe were in the middle of taking fright | sizürke tura edigizürke turaegizyou all were in the middle of taking fright | alaürke tura edileürke turaellethey were in the middle of taking fright |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menürke turmay edimürke turmayemI wasn't in the middle of taking fright | senürke turmay ediŋürke turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of taking fright | olürke turmay ediürke turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of taking fright | bizürke turmay edikürke turmayekwe weren't in the middle of taking fright | sizürke turmay edigizürke turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of taking fright | alaürke turmay edileürke turmayellethey weren't in the middle of taking fright |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menürker edimürker emI would take fright | senürker ediŋürker eŋyou would take fright | olürker ediürker edhe would take fright | bizürker edikürker ekwe would take fright | sizürker edigizürker egizyou all would take fright | alaürker edileürker ellethey would take fright |
| Conditional result (would) | menürkmez edimürkmez emI wouldn't take fright | senürkmez ediŋürkmez eŋyou wouldn't take fright | olürkmez ediürkmez edhe wouldn't take fright | bizürkmez edikürkmez ekwe wouldn't take fright | sizürkmez edigizürkmez egizyou all wouldn't take fright | alaürkmez edileürkmez ellethey wouldn't take fright |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menürkerik edimürkerik emI would have taken fright | senürkerik ediŋürkerik eŋyou would have taken fright | olürkerik ediürkerik edhe would have taken fright | bizürkerik edikürkerik ekwe would have taken fright | sizürkerik edigizürkerik egizyou all would have taken fright | alaürkerik edileürkerik ellethey would have taken fright |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menürkerik tül edimürkerik tül emI wouldn't have taken fright | senürkerik tül ediŋürkerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have taken fright | olürkerik tül ediürkerik tül edhe wouldn't have taken fright | bizürkerik tül edikürkerik tül ekwe wouldn't have taken fright | sizürkerik tül edigizürkerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have taken fright | alaürkerik tül edileürkerik tül ellethey wouldn't have taken fright |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menürksemif I take fright | senürkseŋif you take fright | olürkseif he takes fright | bizürksekif we take fright | sizürksegizif you all take fright | alaürkseleif they take fright |
| Conditional | menürkmesemif I don't take fright | senürkmeseŋif you don't take fright | olürkmeseif he doesn't take fright | bizürkmesekif we don't take fright | sizürkmesegizif you all don't take fright | alaürkmeseleif they don't take fright |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menürke esemif I am taking fright | senürke eseŋif you are taking fright | olürke eseif he is taking fright | bizürke esekif we are taking fright | sizürke esegizif you all are taking fright | alaürke eseleif they are taking fright |
| Conditional, present real | menürkmey esemif I am not taking fright | senürkmey eseŋif you are not taking fright | olürkmey eseif he is not taking fright | bizürkmey esekif we are not taking fright | sizürkmey esegizif you all are not taking fright | alaürkmey eseleif they are not taking fright |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menürksem ediürksem edif only I took fright | senürkseŋ ediürkseŋ edif only you took fright | olürkse ediürksedif only he took fright | bizürksek ediürksek edif only we took fright | sizürksegiz ediürksegiz edif only you all took fright | alaürksele ediürkseledif only they took fright |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menürkmesem ediürkmesem edif only I didn't take fright | senürkmeseŋ ediürkmeseŋ edif only you didn't take fright | olürkmese ediürkmesedif only he didn't take fright | bizürkmesek ediürkmesek edif only we didn't take fright | sizürkmesegiz ediürkmesegiz edif only you all didn't take fright | alaürkmesele ediürkmeseledif only they didn't take fright |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menürküb tursamif I carry on taking fright | senürküb tursaŋif you carry on taking fright | olürküb tursaif he carries on taking fright | bizürküb tursaqif we carry on taking fright | sizürküb tursağızif you all carry on taking fright | alaürküb tursalaif they carry on taking fright |
| Durative conditional | menürküb turmasamif I don't carry on taking fright | senürküb turmasaŋif you don't carry on taking fright | olürküb turmasaif he doesn't carry on taking fright | bizürküb turmasaqif we don't carry on taking fright | sizürküb turmasağızif you all don't carry on taking fright | alaürküb turmasalaif they don't carry on taking fright |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menürküb tura esemif I have kept taking fright | senürküb tura eseŋif you have kept taking fright | olürküb tura eseif he has kept taking fright | bizürküb tura esekif we have kept taking fright | sizürküb tura esegizif you all have kept taking fright | alaürküb tura eseleif they have kept taking fright |
| Durative conditional, present real | menürküb turmay esemif I haven't kept taking fright | senürküb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept taking fright | olürküb turmay eseif he hasn't kept taking fright | bizürküb turmay esekif we haven't kept taking fright | sizürküb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept taking fright | alaürküb turmay eseleif they haven't kept taking fright |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menürke tursamif I keep taking fright | senürke tursaŋif you keep taking fright | olürke tursaif he keeps taking fright | bizürke tursaqif we keep taking fright | sizürke tursağızif you all keep taking fright | alaürke tursalaif they keep taking fright |
| Progressive conditional | menürkmey tursamif I keep on not taking fright | senürkmey tursaŋif you keep on not taking fright | olürkmey tursaif he keeps on not taking fright | bizürkmey tursaqif we keep on not taking fright | sizürkmey tursağızif you all keep on not taking fright | alaürkmey tursalaif they keep on not taking fright |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menürke tura esemif I am in the middle of taking fright | senürke tura eseŋif you are in the middle of taking fright | olürke tura eseif he is in the middle of taking fright | bizürke tura esekif we are in the middle of taking fright | sizürke tura esegizif you all are in the middle of taking fright | alaürke tura eseleif they are in the middle of taking fright |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menürkmey tura esemif I keep on not taking fright | senürkmey tura eseŋif you keep on not taking fright | olürkmey tura eseif he keeps on not taking fright | bizürkmey tura esekif we keep on not taking fright | sizürkmey tura esegizif you all keep on not taking fright | alaürkmey tura eseleif they keep on not taking fright |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menürkdüm esemif I took fright | senürkdüŋ eseŋif you took fright | olürkdü eseif he took fright | bizürkdük esekif we took fright | sizürkdügüz esegizif you all took fright | alaürkdüle eseleif they took fright |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menürkmedim esemif I didn't take fright | senürkmediŋ eseŋif you didn't take fright | olürkmedi eseif he didn't take fright | bizürkmedik esekif we didn't take fright | sizürkmedigiz esegizif you all didn't take fright | alaürkmedile eseleif they didn't take fright |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menürkgen esemif I did take fright (indeed) | senürkgen eseŋif you did take fright (indeed) | olürkgen eseif he did take fright (indeed) | bizürkgen esekif we did take fright (indeed) | sizürkgen esegizif you all did take fright (indeed) | alaürkgen eseleif they did take fright (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menürkmegen esemif I didn't take fright (indeed) | senürkmegen eseŋif you didn't take fright (indeed) | olürkmegen eseif he didn't take fright (indeed) | bizürkmegen esekif we didn't take fright (indeed) | sizürkmegen esegizif you all didn't take fright (indeed) | alaürkmegen eseleif they didn't take fright (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menürkgen bolsamif I had taken fright | senürkgen bolsaŋif you had taken fright | olürkgen bolsaif he had taken fright | bizürkgen bolsaqif we had taken fright | sizürkgen bolsağızif you all had taken fright | alaürkgen bolsalaif they had taken fright |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menürkmegen bolsamif I hadn't taken fright | senürkmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't taken fright | olürkmegen bolsaif he hadn't taken fright | bizürkmegen bolsaqif we hadn't taken fright | sizürkmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't taken fright | alaürkmegen bolsalaif they hadn't taken fright |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menürkgen bolsam ediürkgen bolsam edif only I had taken fright | senürkgen bolsaŋ ediürkgen bolsaŋ edif only you had taken fright | olürkgen bolsa ediürkgen bolsaedif only he had taken fright | bizürkgen bolsaq ediürkgen bolsaq edif only we had taken fright | sizürkgen bolsağız ediürkgen bolsağız edif only you all had taken fright | alaürkgen bolsala ediürkgen bolsalaedif only they had taken fright |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menürkmegen bolsam ediürkmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't taken fright | senürkmegen bolsaŋ ediürkmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't taken fright | olürkmegen bolsa ediürkmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't taken fright | bizürkmegen bolsaq ediürkmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't taken fright | sizürkmegen bolsağız ediürkmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't taken fright | alaürkmegen bolsala ediürkmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't taken fright |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menürker esemif I will take fright | senürker eseŋif you will take fright | olürker eseif he will take fright | bizürker esekif we will take fright | sizürker esegizif you all will take fright | alaürker eseleif they will take fright |
| Conditional, aorist | menürkmez esemif I won't take fright | senürkmez eseŋif you won't take fright | olürkmez eseif he won't take fright | bizürkmez esekif we won't take fright | sizürkmez esegizif you all won't take fright | alaürkmez eseleif they won't take fright |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menürkerik esemif I am going to take fright | senürkerik eseŋif you are going to take fright | olürkerik eseif he is going to take fright | bizürkerik esekif we are going to take fright | sizürkerik esegizif you all are going to take fright | alaürkerik eseleif they are going to take fright |
| Conditional, future | menürkerik tül esemif I am not going to take fright | senürkerik tül eseŋif you are not going to take fright | olürkerik tül eseif he is not going to take fright | bizürkerik tül esekif we are not going to take fright | sizürkerik tül esegizif you all are not going to take fright | alaürkerik tül eseleif they are not going to take fright |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menürkerik bolsamif I were going to take fright | senürkerik bolsaŋif you were going to take fright | olürkerik bolsaif he were going to take fright | bizürkerik bolsaqif we were going to take fright | sizürkerik bolsağızif you all were going to take fright | alaürkerik bolsalaif they were going to take fright |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menürkmezlik bolsamif I were not going to take fright | senürkmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to take fright | olürkmezlik bolsaif he were not going to take fright | bizürkmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to take fright | sizürkmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to take fright | alaürkmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to take fright |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ürkdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menürke bolurmaI must be taking fright | senürke bolursayou must be taking fright | olürke bolurhe must be taking fright | bizürke bolurbuzwe must be taking fright | sizürke bolursuzyou all must be taking fright | alaürke bolurlathey must be taking fright |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menürkmey bolurmaI must not be taking fright | senürkmey bolursayou must not be taking fright | olürkmey bolurhe must not be taking fright | bizürkmey bolurbuzwe must not be taking fright | sizürkmey bolursuzyou all must not be taking fright | alaürkmey bolurlathey must not be taking fright |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menürke tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of taking fright | senürke tura bolursayou must be in the middle of taking fright | olürke tura bolurhe must be in the middle of taking fright | bizürke tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of taking fright | sizürke tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of taking fright | alaürke tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of taking fright |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menürkmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not taking fright | senürkmey tura bolursayou must keep on not taking fright | olürkmey tura bolurhe must keep on not taking fright | bizürkmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not taking fright | sizürkmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not taking fright | alaürkmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not taking fright |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menürkgen bolurmaI must have taken fright | senürkgen bolursayou must have taken fright | olürkgen bolurhe must have taken fright | bizürkgen bolurbuzwe must have taken fright | sizürkgen bolursuzyou all must have taken fright | alaürkgen bolurlathey must have taken fright |
| Inference (must have) | menürkmegen bolurmaI must not have taken fright | senürkmegen bolursayou must not have taken fright | olürkmegen bolurhe must not have taken fright | bizürkmegen bolurbuzwe must not have taken fright | sizürkmegen bolursuzyou all must not have taken fright | alaürkmegen bolurlathey must not have taken fright |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menürkerik bolurmaI must be going to take fright | senürkerik bolursayou must be going to take fright | olürkerik bolurhe must be going to take fright | bizürkerik bolurbuzwe must be going to take fright | sizürkerik bolursuzyou all must be going to take fright | alaürkerik bolurlathey must be going to take fright |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menürkmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to take fright | senürkmezlik bolursayou must not be going to take fright | olürkmezlik bolurhe must not be going to take fright | bizürkmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to take fright | sizürkmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to take fright | alaürkmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to take fright |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menürkeyimlet me take fright | senürk!take fright! | olürksünlet him take fright | bizürkeyiklet's take fright | sizürkügüz!take fright, you all! | alaürksünlelet them take fright |
| Commands & suggestions | menürkmeyimlet me not take fright | senürkme!don't take fright! | olürkmesinlet him not take fright | bizürkmeyiklet's not take fright | sizürkmegiz!don't take fright, you all! | alaürkmesinlelet them not take fright |
| Commands & suggestions | menürkeyimmi?shall I take fright? | olürksünmü?should he take fright? | bizürkeyikmi?shall we take fright? | alaürksünlemi?should they take fright? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menürkmeyimmi?shall I not take fright? | olürkmesinmi?should he not take fright? | bizürkmeyikmi?shall we not take fright? | alaürkmesinlemi?should they not take fright? | ||
| Requests | senürkçü2ürkçünplease take fright | olürksünçüdo let him take fright | sizürkçügüzplease take fright (plural/polite) | alaürksünleçido let them take fright | ||
| Requests | senürkmeçi2ürkmeçinplease don't take fright | olürkmesinçido let him not take fright | sizürkmeçigizplease don't take fright (plural/polite) | alaürkmesinleçido let them not take fright | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senürkgünürkgümay you take fright | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senürkmeginürkmegimay you not take fright | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menürkgey edim ürkge edimwould that I took fright | senürkgey ediŋ ürkge ediŋwould that you took fright | olürkgey edi ürkge ediwould that he took fright | bizürkgey edik ürkge edikwould that we took fright | sizürkgey edigiz ürkge edigizwould that you all took fright | alaürkgey edile ürkge edilewould that they took fright |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menürkmegey edim ürkmege edimwould that I did not take fright | senürkmegey ediŋ ürkmege ediŋwould that you did not take fright | olürkmegey edi ürkmege ediwould that he did not take fright | bizürkmegey edik ürkmege edikwould that we did not take fright | sizürkmegey edigiz ürkmege edigizwould that you all did not take fright | alaürkmegey edile ürkmege edilewould that they did not take fright |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menürkmege qoyayımürkme qoyayımlet me allow someone to take fright | senürkmege qoy!ürkme qoy!let someone take fright! | olürkmege qoysunürkme qoysunlet him allow someone to take fright | bizürkmege qoyayıqürkme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to take fright | sizürkmege qoyuğuz!ürkme qoyuğuz!let someone take fright, you all! | alaürkmege qoysunlaürkme qoysunlalet them allow someone to take fright |
| Let someone… (commands) | menürkmege qoymayımürkme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to take fright | senürkmege qoyma!ürkme qoyma!don't let someone take fright! | olürkmege qoymasınürkme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to take fright | bizürkmege qoymayıqürkme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to take fright | sizürkmege qoymağız!ürkme qoymağız!don't let someone take fright, you all! | alaürkmege qoymasınlaürkme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to take fright |
| Let someone… (commands) | menürkmege qoyayımmı?ürkme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to take fright? | olürkmege qoysunmu?ürkme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to take fright? | bizürkmege qoyayıqmı?ürkme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to take fright? | alaürkmege qoysunlamı?ürkme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to take fright? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menürkmege qoymayımmı?ürkme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to take fright? | olürkmege qoymasınmı?ürkme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to take fright? | bizürkmege qoymayıqmı?ürkme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to take fright? | alaürkmege qoymasınlamı?ürkme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to take fright? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menürkmege qoyamaürkme qoyamaI allow someone to take fright | senürkmege qoyasaürkme qoyasayou allow someone to take fright | olürkmege qoyadıürkme qoyadıhe allows someone to take fright | bizürkmege qoyabızürkme qoyabızwe allow someone to take fright | sizürkmege qoyasızürkme qoyasızyou all allow someone to take fright | alaürkmege qoyadılaürkme qoyadılathey allow someone to take fright |
| Let someone… (present) | menürkmege qoymaymaürkme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to take fright | senürkmege qoymaysaürkme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to take fright | olürkmege qoymaydıürkme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to take fright | bizürkmege qoymaybızürkme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to take fright | sizürkmege qoymaysızürkme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to take fright | alaürkmege qoymaydılaürkme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to take fright |
| Let someone… (present) | menürkmege qoyamamı?ürkme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to take fright? | senürkmege qoyamısa?ürkme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to take fright? | olürkmege qoyamıdı?ürkme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to take fright? | bizürkmege qoyabızmı?ürkme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to take fright? | sizürkmege qoyamısız?ürkme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to take fright? | alaürkmege qoyamıdıla?ürkme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to take fright? |
| Let someone… (present) | menürkmege qoymaymamı?ürkme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to take fright? | senürkmege qoymaymısa?ürkme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to take fright? | olürkmege qoymaymıdı?ürkme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to take fright? | bizürkmege qoymaybızmı?ürkme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to take fright? | sizürkmege qoymaymısız?ürkme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to take fright? | alaürkmege qoymaymıdıla?ürkme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to take fright? |
| Let someone… (past) | menürkmege qoydumürkme qoydumI allowed someone to take fright | senürkmege qoyduŋürkme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to take fright | olürkmege qoyduürkme qoyduhe allowed someone to take fright | bizürkmege qoyduqürkme qoyduqwe allowed someone to take fright | sizürkmege qoyduğuzürkme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to take fright | alaürkmege qoydulaürkme qoydulathey allowed someone to take fright |
| Let someone… (past) | menürkmege qoymadımürkme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to take fright | senürkmege qoymadıŋürkme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to take fright | olürkmege qoymadıürkme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to take fright | bizürkmege qoymadıqürkme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to take fright | sizürkmege qoymadığızürkme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to take fright | alaürkmege qoymadılaürkme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to take fright |
| Let someone… (past) | menürkmege qoydummu?ürkme qoydummu?did I allow someone to take fright? | senürkmege qoyduŋmu?ürkme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to take fright? | olürkmege qoydumu?ürkme qoydumu?did he allow someone to take fright? | bizürkmege qoyduqmu?ürkme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to take fright? | sizürkmege qoyduğuzmu?ürkme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to take fright? | alaürkmege qoydulamı?ürkme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to take fright? |
| Let someone… (past) | menürkmege qoymadımmı?ürkme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to take fright? | senürkmege qoymadıŋmı?ürkme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to take fright? | olürkmege qoymadımı?ürkme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to take fright? | bizürkmege qoymadıqmı?ürkme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to take fright? | sizürkmege qoymadığızmı?ürkme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to take fright? | alaürkmege qoymadılamı?ürkme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to take fright? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
ürkalırğa be able to take fright · ürkalmazğa be unable to take fright
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menürkalamaI can take fright | senürkalasayou can take fright | olürkaladıhe can take fright | bizürkalabızwe can take fright | sizürkalasızyou all can take fright | alaürkaladılathey can take fright |
| Ability — present | menürkalmaymaI can't take fright | senürkalmaysayou can't take fright | olürkalmaydıhe can't take fright | bizürkalmaybızwe can't take fright | sizürkalmaysızyou all can't take fright | alaürkalmaydılathey can't take fright |
| Ability — present | menürkalamamı? ürkalamıma?can I take fright? | senürkalamısa?can you take fright? | olürkalamıdı?can he take fright? | bizürkalabızmı? ürkalamıbız?can we take fright? | sizürkalamısız?can you all take fright? | alaürkalamıdıla?can they take fright? |
| Ability — present | menürkalmaymamı? ürkalmaymıma?can't I take fright? | senürkalmaymısa?can't you take fright? | olürkalmaymıdı?can't he take fright? | bizürkalmaybızmı? ürkalmaymıbız?can't we take fright? | sizürkalmaymısız?can't you all take fright? | alaürkalmaymıdıla?can't they take fright? |
| Ability — if I can… | menürkalsamif I can take fright | senürkalsaŋif you can take fright | olürkalsaif he can take fright | bizürkalsaqif we can take fright | sizürkalsağızif you all can take fright | alaürkalsalaif they can take fright |
| Ability — if I can… | menürkalmasamif I can't take fright | senürkalmasaŋif you can't take fright | olürkalmasaif he can't take fright | bizürkalmasaqif we can't take fright | sizürkalmasağızif you all can't take fright | alaürkalmasalaif they can't take fright |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menürkaldımI was able to take fright | senürkaldıŋyou were able to take fright | olürkaldıhe was able to take fright | bizürkaldıqwe were able to take fright | sizürkaldığızyou all were able to take fright | alaürkaldılathey were able to take fright |
| Ability — simple past | menürkalmadımI could not take fright | senürkalmadıŋyou could not take fright | olürkalmadıhe could not take fright | bizürkalmadıqwe could not take fright | sizürkalmadığızyou all could not take fright | alaürkalmadılathey could not take fright |
| Ability — simple past | menürkaldımmı?was I able to take fright? | senürkaldıŋmı?were you able to take fright? | olürkaldımı?was he able to take fright? | bizürkaldıqmı?were we able to take fright? | sizürkaldığızmı?were you all able to take fright? | alaürkaldılamı?were they able to take fright? |
| Ability — simple past | menürkalmadımmı?couldn't I take fright? | senürkalmadıŋmı?couldn't you take fright? | olürkalmadımı?couldn't he take fright? | bizürkalmadıqmı?couldn't we take fright? | sizürkalmadığızmı?couldn't you all take fright? | alaürkalmadılamı?couldn't they take fright? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürkalğanmaI have been able to take fright | senürkalğansayou have been able to take fright | olürkalğandıhe has been able to take fright | bizürkalğanbızwe have been able to take fright | sizürkalğansızyou all have been able to take fright | alaürkalğandılathey have been able to take fright |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürkalmağanmaI haven't been able to take fright | senürkalmağansayou haven't been able to take fright | olürkalmağandıhe hasn't been able to take fright | bizürkalmağanbızwe haven't been able to take fright | sizürkalmağansızyou all haven't been able to take fright | alaürkalmağandılathey haven't been able to take fright |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürkalğanmamı? ürkalğanmıma?have I been able to take fright? | senürkalğanmısa?have you been able to take fright? | olürkalğanmıdı?has he been able to take fright? | bizürkalğanbızmı? ürkalğanmıbız?have we been able to take fright? | sizürkalğanmısız?have you all been able to take fright? | alaürkalğanmıdıla?have they been able to take fright? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menürkalmağanmamı? ürkalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to take fright? | senürkalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to take fright? | olürkalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to take fright? | bizürkalmağanbızmı? ürkalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to take fright? | sizürkalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to take fright? | alaürkalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to take fright? |
| Ability — past perfect | menürkalğan edimürkalğanemI had been able to take fright | senürkalğan ediŋürkalğaneŋyou had been able to take fright | olürkalğan ediürkalğanedhe had been able to take fright | bizürkalğan edikürkalğanekwe had been able to take fright | sizürkalğan edigizürkalğanegizyou all had been able to take fright | alaürkalğan edileürkalğanellethey had been able to take fright |
| Ability — past perfect | menürkalmağan edimürkalmağanemI hadn't been able to take fright | senürkalmağan ediŋürkalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to take fright | olürkalmağan ediürkalmağanedhe hadn't been able to take fright | bizürkalmağan edikürkalmağanekwe hadn't been able to take fright | sizürkalmağan edigizürkalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to take fright | alaürkalmağan edileürkalmağanellethey hadn't been able to take fright |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menürkala edimürkalaemI could take fright | senürkala ediŋürkalaeŋyou could take fright | olürkala ediürkalaedhe could take fright | bizürkala edikürkalaekwe could take fright | sizürkala edigizürkalaegizyou all could take fright | alaürkala edileürkalaellethey could take fright |
| Ability — past background | menürkalmay edimürkalmayemI could not take fright | senürkalmay ediŋürkalmayeŋyou could not take fright | olürkalmay ediürkalmayedhe could not take fright | bizürkalmay edikürkalmayekwe could not take fright | sizürkalmay edigizürkalmayegizyou all could not take fright | alaürkalmay edileürkalmayellethey could not take fright |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menürkalırmaI will be able to take fright | senürkalırsayou will be able to take fright | olürkalırhe will be able to take fright | bizürkalırbızwe will be able to take fright | sizürkalırsızyou all will be able to take fright | alaürkalırlathey will be able to take fright |
| Ability — future I | menürkalmazmaI won't be able to take fright | senürkalmazsayou won't be able to take fright | olürkalmazhe won't be able to take fright | bizürkalmazbızwe won't be able to take fright | sizürkalmazsızyou all won't be able to take fright | alaürkalmazlathey won't be able to take fright |
| Ability — future I | menürkalırmamı? ürkalırmıma?will I be able to take fright? | senürkalırmısa?will you be able to take fright? | olürkalırmı?will he be able to take fright? | bizürkalırbızmı? ürkalırmıbız?will we be able to take fright? | sizürkalırmısız?will you all be able to take fright? | alaürkalırlamı? ürkalırmıla?will they be able to take fright? |
| Ability — future I | menürkalmazmamı? ürkalmazmıma?won't I be able to take fright? | senürkalmazmısa?won't you be able to take fright? | olürkalmazmı?won't he be able to take fright? | bizürkalmazbızmı? ürkalmazmıbız?won't we be able to take fright? | sizürkalmazmısız?won't you all be able to take fright? | alaürkalmazlamı? ürkalmazmıla?won't they be able to take fright? |
| Ability — future II | menürkallıqmaI am going to be able to take fright | senürkallıqsayou are going to be able to take fright | olürkallıqdıhe is going to be able to take fright | bizürkallıqbızwe are going to be able to take fright | sizürkallıqsızyou all are going to be able to take fright | alaürkallıqdılathey are going to be able to take fright |
| Ability — future II | menürkallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to take fright | senürkallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to take fright | olürkallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to take fright | bizürkallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to take fright | sizürkallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to take fright | alaürkallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to take fright |
| Ability — future II | menürkallıqmamı? ürkallıqmıma?am I going to be able to take fright? | senürkallıqmısa?are you going to be able to take fright? | olürkallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to take fright? | bizürkallıqbızmı? ürkallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to take fright? | sizürkallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to take fright? | alaürkallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to take fright? |
| Ability — future II | menürkallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to take fright? | senürkallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to take fright? | olürkallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to take fright? | bizürkallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to take fright? | sizürkallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to take fright? | alaürkallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to take fright? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menürkalır edimürkalır emI would be able to take fright | senürkalır ediŋürkalır eŋyou would be able to take fright | olürkalır ediürkalır edhe would be able to take fright | bizürkalır edikürkalır ekwe would be able to take fright | sizürkalır edigizürkalır egizyou all would be able to take fright | alaürkalır edileürkalır ellethey would be able to take fright |
| Ability — would be able to… | menürkalmaz edimürkalmaz emI wouldn't be able to take fright | senürkalmaz ediŋürkalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to take fright | olürkalmaz ediürkalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to take fright | bizürkalmaz edikürkalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to take fright | sizürkalmaz edigizürkalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to take fright | alaürkalmaz edileürkalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to take fright |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senürkalğınürkalğımay you be able to take fright | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senürkalmağınürkalmağımay you not be able to take fright | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menürkerge izleymeI want to take fright | senürkerge izleyseyou want to take fright | olürkerge izleydihe wants to take fright | bizürkerge izleybizwe want to take fright | sizürkerge izleysizyou all want to take fright | alaürkerge izleydilethey want to take fright |
| want to | menürkerge izlemeymeI do not want to take fright | senürkerge izlemeyseyou do not want to take fright | olürkerge izlemeydihe does not want to take fright | bizürkerge izlemeybizwe do not want to take fright | sizürkerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to take fright | alaürkerge izlemeydilethey do not want to take fright |
| would like to | menürkerge süemeI would like to take fright | senürkerge süeseyou would like to take fright | olürkerge süedihe would like to take fright | bizürkerge süebizwe would like to take fright | sizürkerge süesizyou all would like to take fright | alaürkerge süedilethey would like to take fright |
| would like to | menürkerge süymeymeI would not like to take fright | senürkerge süymeyseyou would not like to take fright | olürkerge süymeydihe would not like to take fright | bizürkerge süymeybizwe would not like to take fright | sizürkerge süymeysizyou all would not like to take fright | alaürkerge süymeydilethey would not like to take fright |
| hope to | menürkerge umutlanamaI hope to take fright | senürkerge umutlanasayou hope to take fright | olürkerge umutlanadıhe hopes to take fright | bizürkerge umutlanabızwe hope to take fright | sizürkerge umutlanasızyou all hope to take fright | alaürkerge umutlanadılathey hope to take fright |
| hope to | menürkerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to take fright | senürkerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to take fright | olürkerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to take fright | bizürkerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to take fright | sizürkerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to take fright | alaürkerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to take fright |
| be about to | menürkerge deb turamaI am about to take fright | senürkerge deb turasayou are about to take fright | olürkerge deb turadıhe is about to take fright | bizürkerge deb turabızwe are about to take fright | sizürkerge deb turasızyou all are about to take fright | alaürkerge deb turadılathey are about to take fright |
| be about to | menürkerge deb turmaymaI am not about to take fright | senürkerge deb turmaysayou are not about to take fright | olürkerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to take fright | bizürkerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to take fright | sizürkerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to take fright | alaürkerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to take fright |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menürkerge kerekmeI need to take fright | senürkerge kerekseyou need to take fright | olürkerge kerekdihe needs to take fright | bizürkerge kerekbizwe need to take fright | sizürkerge kereksizyou all need to take fright | alaürkerge kerekdilethey need to take fright |
| need to | menürkerge kerek tülmeI do not need to take fright | senürkerge kerek tülseyou do not need to take fright | olürkerge kerek tüldühe does not need to take fright | bizürkerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to take fright | sizürkerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to take fright | alaürkerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to take fright |
| have to | menmenŋe ürkerge tüşediI have to take fright | sensenŋe ürkerge tüşediyou have to take fright | olaŋa ürkerge tüşedihe has to take fright | bizbizge ürkerge tüşediwe have to take fright | sizsizge ürkerge tüşediyou all have to take fright | alaalağa ürkerge tüşedithey have to take fright |
| have to | menmenŋe ürkerge tüşmeydiI do not have to take fright | sensenŋe ürkerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to take fright | olaŋa ürkerge tüşmeydihe does not have to take fright | bizbizge ürkerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to take fright | sizsizge ürkerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to take fright | alaalağa ürkerge tüşmeydithey do not have to take fright |
| be obliged to | menürkerge borçlumaI am obliged to take fright | senürkerge borçlusayou are obliged to take fright | olürkerge borçluduhe is obliged to take fright | bizürkerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to take fright | sizürkerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to take fright | alaürkerge borçludulathey are obliged to take fright |
| be obliged to | menürkerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to take fright | senürkerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to take fright | olürkerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to take fright | bizürkerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to take fright | sizürkerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to take fright | alaürkerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to take fright |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menürkerge madarım bardıI have a way to take fright | senürkerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to take fright | olürkerge madarı bardıhe has a way to take fright | bizürkerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to take fright | sizürkerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to take fright | alaürkerge madarları bardıthey have a way to take fright |
| have a way to | menürkerge madarım joqduI have no way to take fright | senürkerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to take fright | olürkerge madarı joqduhe has no way to take fright | bizürkerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to take fright | sizürkerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to take fright | alaürkerge madarları joqduthey have no way to take fright |
| be free to | menürkerge erkinligim bardıI am free to take fright | senürkerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to take fright | olürkerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to take fright | bizürkerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to take fright | sizürkerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to take fright | alaürkerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to take fright |
| be free to | menürkerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to take fright | senürkerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to take fright | olürkerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to take fright | bizürkerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to take fright | sizürkerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to take fright | alaürkerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to take fright |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ürkerge bolluqduit is possible for me to take fright | sensenŋe ürkerge bolluqduit is possible for you to take fright | olaŋa ürkerge bolluqduit is possible for him to take fright | bizbizge ürkerge bolluqduit is possible for us to take fright | sizsizge ürkerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to take fright | alaalağa ürkerge bolluqduit is possible for them to take fright |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to take fright | sensenŋe ürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to take fright | olaŋa ürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to take fright | bizbizge ürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to take fright | sizsizge ürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to take fright | alaalağa ürkerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to take fright |
| be ready to | menürkerge hazırmaI am ready to take fright | senürkerge hazırsayou are ready to take fright | olürkerge hazırdıhe is ready to take fright | bizürkerge hazırbızwe are ready to take fright | sizürkerge hazırsızyou all are ready to take fright | alaürkerge hazırdılathey are ready to take fright |
| be ready to | menürkerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to take fright | senürkerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to take fright | olürkerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to take fright | bizürkerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to take fright | sizürkerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to take fright | alaürkerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to take fright |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menürkerge küreşemeI am trying to take fright | senürkerge küreşeseyou are trying to take fright | olürkerge küreşedihe is trying to take fright | bizürkerge küreşebizwe are trying to take fright | sizürkerge küreşesizyou all are trying to take fright | alaürkerge küreşedilethey are trying to take fright |
| try to | menürkerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to take fright | senürkerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to take fright | olürkerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to take fright | bizürkerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to take fright | sizürkerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to take fright | alaürkerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to take fright |
| agree to | menürkerge unaymaI agree to take fright | senürkerge unaysayou agree to take fright | olürkerge unaydıhe agrees to take fright | bizürkerge unaybızwe agree to take fright | sizürkerge unaysızyou all agree to take fright | alaürkerge unaydılathey agree to take fright |
| agree to | menürkerge unamaymaI refuse to take fright | senürkerge unamaysayou refuse to take fright | olürkerge unamaydıhe refuses to take fright | bizürkerge unamaybızwe refuse to take fright | sizürkerge unamaysızyou all refuse to take fright | alaürkerge unamaydılathey refuse to take fright |
| hurry to | menürkerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to take fright | senürkerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to take fright | olürkerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to take fright | bizürkerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to take fright | sizürkerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to take fright | alaürkerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to take fright |
| hurry to | menürkerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to take fright | senürkerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to take fright | olürkerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to take fright | bizürkerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to take fright | sizürkerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to take fright | alaürkerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to take fright |
| be afraid to | menürkerge qorqamaI am afraid to take fright | senürkerge qorqasayou are afraid to take fright | olürkerge qorqadıhe is afraid to take fright | bizürkerge qorqabızwe are afraid to take fright | sizürkerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to take fright | alaürkerge qorqadılathey are afraid to take fright |
| be afraid to | menürkerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to take fright | senürkerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to take fright | olürkerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to take fright | bizürkerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to take fright | sizürkerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to take fright | alaürkerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to take fright |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menürke bolmazmaI can't be taking fright | senürke bolmazsayou can't be taking fright | olürke bolmazhe can't be taking fright | bizürke bolmazbızwe can't be taking fright | sizürke bolmazsızyou all can't be taking fright | alaürke bolmazlathey can't be taking fright |
| Inference, present — double negation | menürkmey bolmazmaI must be taking fright (emphatic) | senürkmey bolmazsayou must be taking fright (emphatic) | olürkmey bolmazhe must be taking fright (emphatic) | bizürkmey bolmazbızwe must be taking fright (emphatic) | sizürkmey bolmazsızyou all must be taking fright (emphatic) | alaürkmey bolmazlathey must be taking fright (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menürke turmasamif I don't keep taking fright | senürke turmasaŋif you don't keep taking fright | olürke turmasaif he doesn't keep taking fright | bizürke turmasaqif we don't keep taking fright | sizürke turmasağızif you all don't keep taking fright | alaürke turmasalaif they don't keep taking fright |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menürke tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of taking fright | senürke tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of taking fright | olürke tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of taking fright | bizürke tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of taking fright | sizürke tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of taking fright | alaürke tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of taking fright |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menürkmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not taking fright (emphatic) | senürkmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not taking fright (emphatic) | olürkmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not taking fright (emphatic) | bizürkmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not taking fright (emphatic) | sizürkmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not taking fright (emphatic) | alaürkmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not taking fright (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menürkmey turamaI keep on not taking fright | senürkmey turasayou keep on not taking fright | olürkmey turadıhe keeps on not taking fright | bizürkmey turabızwe keep on not taking fright | sizürkmey turasızyou all keep on not taking fright | alaürkmey turadılathey keep on not taking fright |
| Progressive — double negation | menürkmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not taking fright | senürkmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not taking fright | olürkmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not taking fright | bizürkmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not taking fright | sizürkmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not taking fright | alaürkmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not taking fright |
| Progressive — double negation | menürkmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not taking fright? | senürkmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not taking fright? | olürkmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not taking fright? | bizürkmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not taking fright? | sizürkmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not taking fright? | alaürkmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not taking fright? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menürkgen bolmazmaI can't have taken fright | senürkgen bolmazsayou can't have taken fright | olürkgen bolmazhe can't have taken fright | bizürkgen bolmazbızwe can't have taken fright | sizürkgen bolmazsızyou all can't have taken fright | alaürkgen bolmazlathey can't have taken fright |
| Inference — double negation | menürkmegen bolmazmaI must have taken fright (emphatic) | senürkmegen bolmazsayou must have taken fright (emphatic) | olürkmegen bolmazhe must have taken fright (emphatic) | bizürkmegen bolmazbızwe must have taken fright (emphatic) | sizürkmegen bolmazsızyou all must have taken fright (emphatic) | alaürkmegen bolmazlathey must have taken fright (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menürkgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had taken fright | senürkgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had taken fright | olürkgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had taken fright | bizürkgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had taken fright | sizürkgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had taken fright | alaürkgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had taken fright |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menürkmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't taken fright | senürkmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't taken fright | olürkmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't taken fright | bizürkmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't taken fright | sizürkmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't taken fright | alaürkmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't taken fright |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menürkerik bolmazmaI can't be going to take fright | senürkerik bolmazsayou can't be going to take fright | olürkerik bolmazhe can't be going to take fright | bizürkerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to take fright | sizürkerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to take fright | alaürkerik bolmazlathey can't be going to take fright |
| Inference, future — double negation | menürkmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to take fright (emphatic) | senürkmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to take fright (emphatic) | olürkmezlik bolmazhe must be going to take fright (emphatic) | bizürkmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to take fright (emphatic) | sizürkmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to take fright (emphatic) | alaürkmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to take fright (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menürkerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to take fright | senürkerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to take fright | olürkerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to take fright | bizürkerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to take fright | sizürkerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to take fright | alaürkerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to take fright |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menürkmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to take fright | senürkmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to take fright | olürkmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to take fright | bizürkmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to take fright | sizürkmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to take fright | alaürkmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to take fright |