çuwuldarğa
/tʃuwuldarʁa/
1. ring, buzz (in the ears) one source
- Muratnı beti ağardı, qulaqları çuwuldadıla — Murat's face turned white, his ears rang
- qulağım çuwuldaydı — my ear is ringing
- qulaqlarım çuwuldaydıla — my ears are ringing
- ol kün qulağım çuwuldadı — that day my ear rang
- başım çuwuldab turadı — my head keeps buzzing
2. whistle, whine (of a bullet) one source
- oqla çuwuldaydıla — the bullets are whistling
- oq çuwuldab ketdi — the bullet whined past
- oq qatımdan çuwuldab ketdi — the bullet whistled past me
3. chirp, twitter (of birds) one source
- çıpçıqla çuwuldaydıla — the birds are twittering
- terekde çıpçıqla çuwuldaydıla — the birds are chirping in the tree
- çıpçıqla çuwuldab başladıla — the birds began to twitter
- çıpçıqla quwanıb çuwuldaydıla — the birds are twittering joyfully
Expressions
- qulaqları çuwuldarğa — feel faint
Conjugation
Common forms
- çuwuldaydıhe is ringing
- çuwuldadıhe rang
- çuwuldağandıhe has rung
- çuwuldarhe will ring
- çuwuldarıqdıhe is going to ring
- çuwulday edihe was ringing
- çuwuldasaif he rings
- çuwulda!ring!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençuwuldaymaI am ringing | sençuwuldaysayou are ringing | olçuwuldaydıhe is ringing | bizçuwuldaybızwe are ringing | sizçuwuldaysızyou all are ringing | alaçuwuldaydılathey are ringing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençuwuldamaymaI am not ringing | sençuwuldamaysayou are not ringing | olçuwuldamaydıhe is not ringing | bizçuwuldamaybızwe are not ringing | sizçuwuldamaysızyou all are not ringing | alaçuwuldamaydılathey are not ringing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençuwuldaymamı? çuwuldaymıma?am I ringing? | sençuwuldaymısa?are you ringing? | olçuwuldaymıdı?is he ringing? | bizçuwuldaybızmı? çuwuldaymıbız?are we ringing? | sizçuwuldaymısız?are you all ringing? | alaçuwuldaymıdıla?are they ringing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençuwuldamaymamı? çuwuldamaymıma?aren't I ringing? | sençuwuldamaymısa?aren't you ringing? | olçuwuldamaymıdı?isn't he ringing? | bizçuwuldamaybızmı? çuwuldamaymıbız?aren't we ringing? | sizçuwuldamaymısız?aren't you all ringing? | alaçuwuldamaymıdıla?aren't they ringing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençuwuldawçanmaI usually ring | sençuwuldawçansayou usually ring | olçuwuldawçandıhe usually rings | bizçuwuldawçanbızwe usually ring | sizçuwuldawçansızyou all usually ring | alaçuwuldawçandılathey usually ring |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençuwuldamawçanmaI usually don't ring | sençuwuldamawçansayou usually don't ring | olçuwuldamawçandıhe usually doesn't ring | bizçuwuldamawçanbızwe usually don't ring | sizçuwuldamawçansızyou all usually don't ring | alaçuwuldamawçandılathey usually don't ring |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençuwuldawçanmamı? çuwuldawçanmıma?do I usually ring? | sençuwuldawçanmısa?do you usually ring? | olçuwuldawçanmıdı?does he usually ring? | bizçuwuldawçanbızmı? çuwuldawçanmıbız?do we usually ring? | sizçuwuldawçanmısız?do you all usually ring? | alaçuwuldawçanmıdıla?do they usually ring? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençuwuldamawçanmamı? çuwuldamawçanmıma?do I usually not ring? | sençuwuldamawçanmısa?do you usually not ring? | olçuwuldamawçanmıdı?does he usually not ring? | bizçuwuldamawçanbızmı? çuwuldamawçanmıbız?do we usually not ring? | sizçuwuldamawçanmısız?do you all usually not ring? | alaçuwuldamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not ring? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçuwuldabdıhe has rung and remains so | alaçuwuldabdılathey have rung and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçuwuldabmıdı?has he rung? | alaçuwuldabmıdıla?have they rung? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençuwuldab turamaI keep ringing | sençuwuldab turasayou keep ringing | olçuwuldab turadıhe keeps ringing | bizçuwuldab turabızwe keep ringing | sizçuwuldab turasızyou all keep ringing | alaçuwuldab turadılathey keep ringing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençuwuldab turmaymaI don't keep ringing | sençuwuldab turmaysayou don't keep ringing | olçuwuldab turmaydıhe doesn't keep ringing | bizçuwuldab turmaybızwe don't keep ringing | sizçuwuldab turmaysızyou all don't keep ringing | alaçuwuldab turmaydılathey don't keep ringing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençuwuldab turamamı? çuwuldab turamıma?do I keep ringing? | sençuwuldab turamısa?do you keep ringing? | olçuwuldab turamıdı?does he keep ringing? | bizçuwuldab turabızmı? çuwuldab turamıbız?do we keep ringing? | sizçuwuldab turamısız?do you all keep ringing? | alaçuwuldab turamıdıla?do they keep ringing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençuwuldab turmaymamı? çuwuldab turmaymıma?don't I keep ringing? | sençuwuldab turmaymısa?don't you keep ringing? | olçuwuldab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep ringing? | bizçuwuldab turmaybızmı? çuwuldab turmaymıbız?don't we keep ringing? | sizçuwuldab turmaymısız?don't you all keep ringing? | alaçuwuldab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep ringing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençuwulday turamaI am in the middle of ringing | sençuwulday turasayou are in the middle of ringing | olçuwulday turadıhe is in the middle of ringing | bizçuwulday turabızwe are in the middle of ringing | sizçuwulday turasızyou all are in the middle of ringing | alaçuwulday turadılathey are in the middle of ringing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençuwulday turmaymaI am not in the middle of ringing | sençuwulday turmaysayou are not in the middle of ringing | olçuwulday turmaydıhe is not in the middle of ringing | bizçuwulday turmaybızwe are not in the middle of ringing | sizçuwulday turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of ringing | alaçuwulday turmaydılathey are not in the middle of ringing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençuwulday turamamı? çuwulday turamıma?am I in the middle of ringing? | sençuwulday turamısa?are you in the middle of ringing? | olçuwulday turamıdı?is he in the middle of ringing? | bizçuwulday turabızmı? çuwulday turamıbız?are we in the middle of ringing? | sizçuwulday turamısız?are you all in the middle of ringing? | alaçuwulday turamıdıla?are they in the middle of ringing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençuwulday turmaymamı? çuwulday turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of ringing? | sençuwulday turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of ringing? | olçuwulday turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of ringing? | bizçuwulday turmaybızmı? çuwulday turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of ringing? | sizçuwulday turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of ringing? | alaçuwulday turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of ringing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençuwuldadımI rang | sençuwuldadıŋyou rang | olçuwuldadıhe rang | bizçuwuldadıqwe rang | sizçuwuldadığızyou all rang | alaçuwuldadılathey rang |
| Simple past (definite) | mençuwuldamadımI didn't ring | sençuwuldamadıŋyou didn't ring | olçuwuldamadıhe didn't ring | bizçuwuldamadıqwe didn't ring | sizçuwuldamadığızyou all didn't ring | alaçuwuldamadılathey didn't ring |
| Simple past (definite) | mençuwuldadımmı?did I ring? | sençuwuldadıŋmı?did you ring? | olçuwuldadımı?did he ring? | bizçuwuldadıqmı?did we ring? | sizçuwuldadığızmı?did you all ring? | alaçuwuldadılamı?did they ring? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençuwuldamadımmı?didn't I ring? | sençuwuldamadıŋmı?didn't you ring? | olçuwuldamadımı?didn't he ring? | bizçuwuldamadıqmı?didn't we ring? | sizçuwuldamadığızmı?didn't you all ring? | alaçuwuldamadılamı?didn't they ring? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençuwuldağanmaI have rung | sençuwuldağansayou have rung | olçuwuldağandıhe has rung | bizçuwuldağanbızwe have rung | sizçuwuldağansızyou all have rung | alaçuwuldağandılathey have rung |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençuwuldamağanmaI haven't rung | sençuwuldamağansayou haven't rung | olçuwuldamağandıhe hasn't rung | bizçuwuldamağanbızwe haven't rung | sizçuwuldamağansızyou all haven't rung | alaçuwuldamağandılathey haven't rung |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençuwuldağanmamı? çuwuldağanmıma?have I rung? | sençuwuldağanmısa?have you rung? | olçuwuldağanmıdı?has he rung? | bizçuwuldağanbızmı? çuwuldağanmıbız?have we rung? | sizçuwuldağanmısız?have you all rung? | alaçuwuldağanmıdıla?have they rung? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençuwuldamağanmamı? çuwuldamağanmıma?haven't I rung? | sençuwuldamağanmısa?haven't you rung? | olçuwuldamağanmıdı?hasn't he rung? | bizçuwuldamağanbızmı? çuwuldamağanmıbız?haven't we rung? | sizçuwuldamağanmısız?haven't you all rung? | alaçuwuldamağanmıdıla?haven't they rung? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençuwuldab turdumI kept ringing | sençuwuldab turduŋyou kept ringing | olçuwuldab turduhe kept ringing | bizçuwuldab turduqwe kept ringing | sizçuwuldab turduğuzyou all kept ringing | alaçuwuldab turdulathey kept ringing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençuwuldab turmadımI didn't keep ringing | sençuwuldab turmadıŋyou didn't keep ringing | olçuwuldab turmadıhe didn't keep ringing | bizçuwuldab turmadıqwe didn't keep ringing | sizçuwuldab turmadığızyou all didn't keep ringing | alaçuwuldab turmadılathey didn't keep ringing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençuwuldarmaI will ring | sençuwuldarsayou will ring | olçuwuldarhe will ring | bizçuwuldarbızwe will ring | sizçuwuldarsızyou all will ring | alaçuwuldarlathey will ring |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençuwuldamazmaI won't ring | sençuwuldamazsayou won't ring | olçuwuldamazhe won't ring | bizçuwuldamazbızwe won't ring | sizçuwuldamazsızyou all won't ring | alaçuwuldamazlathey won't ring |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençuwuldarmamı? çuwuldarmıma?will I ring? | sençuwuldarmısa?will you ring? | olçuwuldarmı?will he ring? | bizçuwuldarbızmı? çuwuldarmıbız?will we ring? | sizçuwuldarmısız?will you all ring? | alaçuwuldarlamı? çuwuldarmıla?will they ring? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençuwuldamazmamı? çuwuldamazmıma?won't I ring? | sençuwuldamazmısa?won't you ring? | olçuwuldamazmı?won't he ring? | bizçuwuldamazbızmı? çuwuldamazmıbız?won't we ring? | sizçuwuldamazmısız?won't you all ring? | alaçuwuldamazlamı? çuwuldamazmıla?won't they ring? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençuwuldarıqmaI am going to ring | sençuwuldarıqsayou are going to ring | olçuwuldarıqdıhe is going to ring | bizçuwuldarıqbızwe are going to ring | sizçuwuldarıqsızyou all are going to ring | alaçuwuldarıqdılathey are going to ring |
| Definite future (future II) | mençuwuldarıq tülmeI am not going to ring | sençuwuldarıq tülseyou are not going to ring | olçuwuldarıq tüldühe is not going to ring | bizçuwuldarıq tülbüzwe are not going to ring | sizçuwuldarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to ring | alaçuwuldarıq tüldülethey are not going to ring |
| Definite future (future II) | mençuwuldarıqmamı? çuwuldarıqmıma?am I going to ring? | sençuwuldarıqmısa?are you going to ring? | olçuwuldarıqmıdı?is he going to ring? | bizçuwuldarıqbızmı? çuwuldarıqmıbız?are we going to ring? | sizçuwuldarıqmısız?are you all going to ring? | alaçuwuldarıqmıdıla?are they going to ring? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençuwuldarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to ring? | sençuwuldarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to ring? | olçuwuldarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to ring? | bizçuwuldarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to ring? | sizçuwuldarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to ring? | alaçuwuldarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to ring? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençuwuldağan edimçuwuldağanemI had rung | sençuwuldağan ediŋçuwuldağaneŋyou had rung | olçuwuldağan ediçuwuldağanedhe had rung | bizçuwuldağan edikçuwuldağanekwe had rung | sizçuwuldağan edigizçuwuldağanegizyou all had rung | alaçuwuldağan edileçuwuldağanellethey had rung |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençuwuldamağan edimçuwuldamağanemI hadn't rung | sençuwuldamağan ediŋçuwuldamağaneŋyou hadn't rung | olçuwuldamağan ediçuwuldamağanedhe hadn't rung | bizçuwuldamağan edikçuwuldamağanekwe hadn't rung | sizçuwuldamağan edigizçuwuldamağanegizyou all hadn't rung | alaçuwuldamağan edileçuwuldamağanellethey hadn't rung |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençuwulday edimçuwuldayemI was ringing | sençuwulday ediŋçuwuldayeŋyou were ringing | olçuwulday ediçuwuldayedhe was ringing | bizçuwulday edikçuwuldayekwe were ringing | sizçuwulday edigizçuwuldayegizyou all were ringing | alaçuwulday edileçuwuldayellethey were ringing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençuwuldamay edimçuwuldamayemI wasn't ringing | sençuwuldamay ediŋçuwuldamayeŋyou weren't ringing | olçuwuldamay ediçuwuldamayedhe wasn't ringing | bizçuwuldamay edikçuwuldamayekwe weren't ringing | sizçuwuldamay edigizçuwuldamayegizyou all weren't ringing | alaçuwuldamay edileçuwuldamayellethey weren't ringing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençuwuldawçan edimçuwuldawçanemI used to ring | sençuwuldawçan ediŋçuwuldawçaneŋyou used to ring | olçuwuldawçan ediçuwuldawçanedhe used to ring | bizçuwuldawçan edikçuwuldawçanekwe used to ring | sizçuwuldawçan edigizçuwuldawçanegizyou all used to ring | alaçuwuldawçan edileçuwuldawçanellethey used to ring |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençuwuldamawçan edimçuwuldamawçanemI didn't use to ring | sençuwuldamawçan ediŋçuwuldamawçaneŋyou didn't use to ring | olçuwuldamawçan ediçuwuldamawçanedhe didn't use to ring | bizçuwuldamawçan edikçuwuldamawçanekwe didn't use to ring | sizçuwuldamawçan edigizçuwuldamawçanegizyou all didn't use to ring | alaçuwuldamawçan edileçuwuldamawçanellethey didn't use to ring |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçuwuldab edihe had rung and remained so | alaçuwuldab edilethey had rung and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçuwuldab tül edihe hadn't rung | alaçuwuldab tül edilethey hadn't rung | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençuwuldab tura edimçuwuldab turaemI had kept ringing | sençuwuldab tura ediŋçuwuldab turaeŋyou had kept ringing | olçuwuldab tura ediçuwuldab turaedhe had kept ringing | bizçuwuldab tura edikçuwuldab turaekwe had kept ringing | sizçuwuldab tura edigizçuwuldab turaegizyou all had kept ringing | alaçuwuldab tura edileçuwuldab turaellethey had kept ringing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençuwuldab turmay edimçuwuldab turmayemI hadn't kept ringing | sençuwuldab turmay ediŋçuwuldab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept ringing | olçuwuldab turmay ediçuwuldab turmayedhe hadn't kept ringing | bizçuwuldab turmay edikçuwuldab turmayekwe hadn't kept ringing | sizçuwuldab turmay edigizçuwuldab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept ringing | alaçuwuldab turmay edileçuwuldab turmayellethey hadn't kept ringing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençuwulday tura edimçuwulday turaemI was in the middle of ringing | sençuwulday tura ediŋçuwulday turaeŋyou were in the middle of ringing | olçuwulday tura ediçuwulday turaedhe was in the middle of ringing | bizçuwulday tura edikçuwulday turaekwe were in the middle of ringing | sizçuwulday tura edigizçuwulday turaegizyou all were in the middle of ringing | alaçuwulday tura edileçuwulday turaellethey were in the middle of ringing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençuwulday turmay edimçuwulday turmayemI wasn't in the middle of ringing | sençuwulday turmay ediŋçuwulday turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of ringing | olçuwulday turmay ediçuwulday turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of ringing | bizçuwulday turmay edikçuwulday turmayekwe weren't in the middle of ringing | sizçuwulday turmay edigizçuwulday turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of ringing | alaçuwulday turmay edileçuwulday turmayellethey weren't in the middle of ringing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençuwuldar edimçuwuldar emI would ring | sençuwuldar ediŋçuwuldar eŋyou would ring | olçuwuldar ediçuwuldar edhe would ring | bizçuwuldar edikçuwuldar ekwe would ring | sizçuwuldar edigizçuwuldar egizyou all would ring | alaçuwuldar edileçuwuldar ellethey would ring |
| Conditional result (would) | mençuwuldamaz edimçuwuldamaz emI wouldn't ring | sençuwuldamaz ediŋçuwuldamaz eŋyou wouldn't ring | olçuwuldamaz ediçuwuldamaz edhe wouldn't ring | bizçuwuldamaz edikçuwuldamaz ekwe wouldn't ring | sizçuwuldamaz edigizçuwuldamaz egizyou all wouldn't ring | alaçuwuldamaz edileçuwuldamaz ellethey wouldn't ring |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençuwuldarıq edimçuwuldarıq emI would have rung | sençuwuldarıq ediŋçuwuldarıq eŋyou would have rung | olçuwuldarıq ediçuwuldarıq edhe would have rung | bizçuwuldarıq edikçuwuldarıq ekwe would have rung | sizçuwuldarıq edigizçuwuldarıq egizyou all would have rung | alaçuwuldarıq edileçuwuldarıq ellethey would have rung |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençuwuldarıq tül edimçuwuldarıq tül emI wouldn't have rung | sençuwuldarıq tül ediŋçuwuldarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have rung | olçuwuldarıq tül ediçuwuldarıq tül edhe wouldn't have rung | bizçuwuldarıq tül edikçuwuldarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have rung | sizçuwuldarıq tül edigizçuwuldarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have rung | alaçuwuldarıq tül edileçuwuldarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have rung |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençuwuldasamif I ring | sençuwuldasaŋif you ring | olçuwuldasaif he rings | bizçuwuldasaqif we ring | sizçuwuldasağızif you all ring | alaçuwuldasalaif they ring |
| Conditional | mençuwuldamasamif I don't ring | sençuwuldamasaŋif you don't ring | olçuwuldamasaif he doesn't ring | bizçuwuldamasaqif we don't ring | sizçuwuldamasağızif you all don't ring | alaçuwuldamasalaif they don't ring |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençuwulday esemif I am ringing | sençuwulday eseŋif you are ringing | olçuwulday eseif he is ringing | bizçuwulday esekif we are ringing | sizçuwulday esegizif you all are ringing | alaçuwulday eseleif they are ringing |
| Conditional, present real | mençuwuldamay esemif I am not ringing | sençuwuldamay eseŋif you are not ringing | olçuwuldamay eseif he is not ringing | bizçuwuldamay esekif we are not ringing | sizçuwuldamay esegizif you all are not ringing | alaçuwuldamay eseleif they are not ringing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençuwuldasam ediçuwuldasam edif only I rang | sençuwuldasaŋ ediçuwuldasaŋ edif only you rang | olçuwuldasa ediçuwuldasaedif only he rang | bizçuwuldasaq ediçuwuldasaq edif only we rang | sizçuwuldasağız ediçuwuldasağız edif only you all rang | alaçuwuldasala ediçuwuldasalaedif only they rang |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençuwuldamasam ediçuwuldamasam edif only I didn't ring | sençuwuldamasaŋ ediçuwuldamasaŋ edif only you didn't ring | olçuwuldamasa ediçuwuldamasaedif only he didn't ring | bizçuwuldamasaq ediçuwuldamasaq edif only we didn't ring | sizçuwuldamasağız ediçuwuldamasağız edif only you all didn't ring | alaçuwuldamasala ediçuwuldamasalaedif only they didn't ring |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençuwuldab tursamif I carry on ringing | sençuwuldab tursaŋif you carry on ringing | olçuwuldab tursaif he carries on ringing | bizçuwuldab tursaqif we carry on ringing | sizçuwuldab tursağızif you all carry on ringing | alaçuwuldab tursalaif they carry on ringing |
| Durative conditional | mençuwuldab turmasamif I don't carry on ringing | sençuwuldab turmasaŋif you don't carry on ringing | olçuwuldab turmasaif he doesn't carry on ringing | bizçuwuldab turmasaqif we don't carry on ringing | sizçuwuldab turmasağızif you all don't carry on ringing | alaçuwuldab turmasalaif they don't carry on ringing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençuwuldab tura esemif I have kept ringing | sençuwuldab tura eseŋif you have kept ringing | olçuwuldab tura eseif he has kept ringing | bizçuwuldab tura esekif we have kept ringing | sizçuwuldab tura esegizif you all have kept ringing | alaçuwuldab tura eseleif they have kept ringing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençuwuldab turmay esemif I haven't kept ringing | sençuwuldab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept ringing | olçuwuldab turmay eseif he hasn't kept ringing | bizçuwuldab turmay esekif we haven't kept ringing | sizçuwuldab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept ringing | alaçuwuldab turmay eseleif they haven't kept ringing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençuwulday tursamif I keep ringing | sençuwulday tursaŋif you keep ringing | olçuwulday tursaif he keeps ringing | bizçuwulday tursaqif we keep ringing | sizçuwulday tursağızif you all keep ringing | alaçuwulday tursalaif they keep ringing |
| Progressive conditional | mençuwuldamay tursamif I keep on not ringing | sençuwuldamay tursaŋif you keep on not ringing | olçuwuldamay tursaif he keeps on not ringing | bizçuwuldamay tursaqif we keep on not ringing | sizçuwuldamay tursağızif you all keep on not ringing | alaçuwuldamay tursalaif they keep on not ringing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençuwulday tura esemif I am in the middle of ringing | sençuwulday tura eseŋif you are in the middle of ringing | olçuwulday tura eseif he is in the middle of ringing | bizçuwulday tura esekif we are in the middle of ringing | sizçuwulday tura esegizif you all are in the middle of ringing | alaçuwulday tura eseleif they are in the middle of ringing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençuwuldamay tura esemif I keep on not ringing | sençuwuldamay tura eseŋif you keep on not ringing | olçuwuldamay tura eseif he keeps on not ringing | bizçuwuldamay tura esekif we keep on not ringing | sizçuwuldamay tura esegizif you all keep on not ringing | alaçuwuldamay tura eseleif they keep on not ringing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençuwuldadım esemif I rang | sençuwuldadıŋ eseŋif you rang | olçuwuldadı eseif he rang | bizçuwuldadıq esekif we rang | sizçuwuldadığız esegizif you all rang | alaçuwuldadıla eseleif they rang |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençuwuldamadım esemif I didn't ring | sençuwuldamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't ring | olçuwuldamadı eseif he didn't ring | bizçuwuldamadıq esekif we didn't ring | sizçuwuldamadığız esegizif you all didn't ring | alaçuwuldamadıla eseleif they didn't ring |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençuwuldağan esemif I did ring (indeed) | sençuwuldağan eseŋif you did ring (indeed) | olçuwuldağan eseif he did ring (indeed) | bizçuwuldağan esekif we did ring (indeed) | sizçuwuldağan esegizif you all did ring (indeed) | alaçuwuldağan eseleif they did ring (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençuwuldamağan esemif I didn't ring (indeed) | sençuwuldamağan eseŋif you didn't ring (indeed) | olçuwuldamağan eseif he didn't ring (indeed) | bizçuwuldamağan esekif we didn't ring (indeed) | sizçuwuldamağan esegizif you all didn't ring (indeed) | alaçuwuldamağan eseleif they didn't ring (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençuwuldağan bolsamif I had rung | sençuwuldağan bolsaŋif you had rung | olçuwuldağan bolsaif he had rung | bizçuwuldağan bolsaqif we had rung | sizçuwuldağan bolsağızif you all had rung | alaçuwuldağan bolsalaif they had rung |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençuwuldamağan bolsamif I hadn't rung | sençuwuldamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't rung | olçuwuldamağan bolsaif he hadn't rung | bizçuwuldamağan bolsaqif we hadn't rung | sizçuwuldamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't rung | alaçuwuldamağan bolsalaif they hadn't rung |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençuwuldağan bolsam ediçuwuldağan bolsam edif only I had rung | sençuwuldağan bolsaŋ ediçuwuldağan bolsaŋ edif only you had rung | olçuwuldağan bolsa ediçuwuldağan bolsaedif only he had rung | bizçuwuldağan bolsaq ediçuwuldağan bolsaq edif only we had rung | sizçuwuldağan bolsağız ediçuwuldağan bolsağız edif only you all had rung | alaçuwuldağan bolsala ediçuwuldağan bolsalaedif only they had rung |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençuwuldamağan bolsam ediçuwuldamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't rung | sençuwuldamağan bolsaŋ ediçuwuldamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't rung | olçuwuldamağan bolsa ediçuwuldamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't rung | bizçuwuldamağan bolsaq ediçuwuldamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't rung | sizçuwuldamağan bolsağız ediçuwuldamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't rung | alaçuwuldamağan bolsala ediçuwuldamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't rung |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençuwuldar esemif I will ring | sençuwuldar eseŋif you will ring | olçuwuldar eseif he will ring | bizçuwuldar esekif we will ring | sizçuwuldar esegizif you all will ring | alaçuwuldar eseleif they will ring |
| Conditional, aorist | mençuwuldamaz esemif I won't ring | sençuwuldamaz eseŋif you won't ring | olçuwuldamaz eseif he won't ring | bizçuwuldamaz esekif we won't ring | sizçuwuldamaz esegizif you all won't ring | alaçuwuldamaz eseleif they won't ring |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençuwuldarıq esemif I am going to ring | sençuwuldarıq eseŋif you are going to ring | olçuwuldarıq eseif he is going to ring | bizçuwuldarıq esekif we are going to ring | sizçuwuldarıq esegizif you all are going to ring | alaçuwuldarıq eseleif they are going to ring |
| Conditional, future | mençuwuldarıq tül esemif I am not going to ring | sençuwuldarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to ring | olçuwuldarıq tül eseif he is not going to ring | bizçuwuldarıq tül esekif we are not going to ring | sizçuwuldarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to ring | alaçuwuldarıq tül eseleif they are not going to ring |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençuwuldarıq bolsamif I were going to ring | sençuwuldarıq bolsaŋif you were going to ring | olçuwuldarıq bolsaif he were going to ring | bizçuwuldarıq bolsaqif we were going to ring | sizçuwuldarıq bolsağızif you all were going to ring | alaçuwuldarıq bolsalaif they were going to ring |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençuwuldamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to ring | sençuwuldamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to ring | olçuwuldamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to ring | bizçuwuldamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to ring | sizçuwuldamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to ring | alaçuwuldamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to ring |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çuwuldadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençuwulday bolurmaI must be ringing | sençuwulday bolursayou must be ringing | olçuwulday bolurhe must be ringing | bizçuwulday bolurbuzwe must be ringing | sizçuwulday bolursuzyou all must be ringing | alaçuwulday bolurlathey must be ringing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençuwuldamay bolurmaI must not be ringing | sençuwuldamay bolursayou must not be ringing | olçuwuldamay bolurhe must not be ringing | bizçuwuldamay bolurbuzwe must not be ringing | sizçuwuldamay bolursuzyou all must not be ringing | alaçuwuldamay bolurlathey must not be ringing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençuwulday tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of ringing | sençuwulday tura bolursayou must be in the middle of ringing | olçuwulday tura bolurhe must be in the middle of ringing | bizçuwulday tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of ringing | sizçuwulday tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of ringing | alaçuwulday tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of ringing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençuwuldamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not ringing | sençuwuldamay tura bolursayou must keep on not ringing | olçuwuldamay tura bolurhe must keep on not ringing | bizçuwuldamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not ringing | sizçuwuldamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not ringing | alaçuwuldamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not ringing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençuwuldağan bolurmaI must have rung | sençuwuldağan bolursayou must have rung | olçuwuldağan bolurhe must have rung | bizçuwuldağan bolurbuzwe must have rung | sizçuwuldağan bolursuzyou all must have rung | alaçuwuldağan bolurlathey must have rung |
| Inference (must have) | mençuwuldamağan bolurmaI must not have rung | sençuwuldamağan bolursayou must not have rung | olçuwuldamağan bolurhe must not have rung | bizçuwuldamağan bolurbuzwe must not have rung | sizçuwuldamağan bolursuzyou all must not have rung | alaçuwuldamağan bolurlathey must not have rung |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençuwuldarıq bolurmaI must be going to ring | sençuwuldarıq bolursayou must be going to ring | olçuwuldarıq bolurhe must be going to ring | bizçuwuldarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to ring | sizçuwuldarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to ring | alaçuwuldarıq bolurlathey must be going to ring |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençuwuldamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to ring | sençuwuldamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to ring | olçuwuldamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to ring | bizçuwuldamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to ring | sizçuwuldamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to ring | alaçuwuldamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to ring |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençuwuldayımlet me ring | sençuwulda!ring! | olçuwuldasınlet him ring | bizçuwuldayıqlet's ring | sizçuwuldağız!ring, you all! | alaçuwuldasınlalet them ring |
| Commands & suggestions | mençuwuldamayımlet me not ring | sençuwuldama!don't ring! | olçuwuldamasınlet him not ring | bizçuwuldamayıqlet's not ring | sizçuwuldamağız!don't ring, you all! | alaçuwuldamasınlalet them not ring |
| Commands & suggestions | mençuwuldayımmı?shall I ring? | olçuwuldasınmı?should he ring? | bizçuwuldayıqmı?shall we ring? | alaçuwuldasınlamı?should they ring? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençuwuldamayımmı?shall I not ring? | olçuwuldamasınmı?should he not ring? | bizçuwuldamayıqmı?shall we not ring? | alaçuwuldamasınlamı?should they not ring? | ||
| Requests | sençuwuldaçı2çuwuldaçınplease ring | olçuwuldasınçıdo let him ring | sizçuwuldaçığızplease ring (plural/polite) | alaçuwuldasınlaçıdo let them ring | ||
| Requests | sençuwuldamaçı2çuwuldamaçınplease don't ring | olçuwuldamasınçıdo let him not ring | sizçuwuldamaçığızplease don't ring (plural/polite) | alaçuwuldamasınlaçıdo let them not ring | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençuwuldağınçuwuldağımay you ring | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençuwuldamağınçuwuldamağımay you not ring | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençuwuldağay edim çuwuldağa edimwould that I rang | sençuwuldağay ediŋ çuwuldağa ediŋwould that you rang | olçuwuldağay edi çuwuldağa ediwould that he rang | bizçuwuldağay edik çuwuldağa edikwould that we rang | sizçuwuldağay edigiz çuwuldağa edigizwould that you all rang | alaçuwuldağay edile çuwuldağa edilewould that they rang |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençuwuldamağay edim çuwuldamağa edimwould that I did not ring | sençuwuldamağay ediŋ çuwuldamağa ediŋwould that you did not ring | olçuwuldamağay edi çuwuldamağa ediwould that he did not ring | bizçuwuldamağay edik çuwuldamağa edikwould that we did not ring | sizçuwuldamağay edigiz çuwuldamağa edigizwould that you all did not ring | alaçuwuldamağay edile çuwuldamağa edilewould that they did not ring |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençuwuldamağa qoyayımçuwuldama qoyayımlet me allow someone to ring | sençuwuldamağa qoy!çuwuldama qoy!let someone ring! | olçuwuldamağa qoysunçuwuldama qoysunlet him allow someone to ring | bizçuwuldamağa qoyayıqçuwuldama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to ring | sizçuwuldamağa qoyuğuz!çuwuldama qoyuğuz!let someone ring, you all! | alaçuwuldamağa qoysunlaçuwuldama qoysunlalet them allow someone to ring |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençuwuldamağa qoymayımçuwuldama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to ring | sençuwuldamağa qoyma!çuwuldama qoyma!don't let someone ring! | olçuwuldamağa qoymasınçuwuldama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to ring | bizçuwuldamağa qoymayıqçuwuldama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to ring | sizçuwuldamağa qoymağız!çuwuldama qoymağız!don't let someone ring, you all! | alaçuwuldamağa qoymasınlaçuwuldama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to ring |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençuwuldamağa qoyayımmı?çuwuldama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to ring? | olçuwuldamağa qoysunmu?çuwuldama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to ring? | bizçuwuldamağa qoyayıqmı?çuwuldama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to ring? | alaçuwuldamağa qoysunlamı?çuwuldama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to ring? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençuwuldamağa qoymayımmı?çuwuldama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to ring? | olçuwuldamağa qoymasınmı?çuwuldama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to ring? | bizçuwuldamağa qoymayıqmı?çuwuldama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to ring? | alaçuwuldamağa qoymasınlamı?çuwuldama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to ring? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençuwuldamağa qoyamaçuwuldama qoyamaI allow someone to ring | sençuwuldamağa qoyasaçuwuldama qoyasayou allow someone to ring | olçuwuldamağa qoyadıçuwuldama qoyadıhe allows someone to ring | bizçuwuldamağa qoyabızçuwuldama qoyabızwe allow someone to ring | sizçuwuldamağa qoyasızçuwuldama qoyasızyou all allow someone to ring | alaçuwuldamağa qoyadılaçuwuldama qoyadılathey allow someone to ring |
| Let someone… (present) | mençuwuldamağa qoymaymaçuwuldama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to ring | sençuwuldamağa qoymaysaçuwuldama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to ring | olçuwuldamağa qoymaydıçuwuldama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to ring | bizçuwuldamağa qoymaybızçuwuldama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to ring | sizçuwuldamağa qoymaysızçuwuldama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to ring | alaçuwuldamağa qoymaydılaçuwuldama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to ring |
| Let someone… (present) | mençuwuldamağa qoyamamı?çuwuldama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to ring? | sençuwuldamağa qoyamısa?çuwuldama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to ring? | olçuwuldamağa qoyamıdı?çuwuldama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to ring? | bizçuwuldamağa qoyabızmı?çuwuldama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to ring? | sizçuwuldamağa qoyamısız?çuwuldama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to ring? | alaçuwuldamağa qoyamıdıla?çuwuldama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to ring? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençuwuldamağa qoymaymamı?çuwuldama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to ring? | sençuwuldamağa qoymaymısa?çuwuldama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to ring? | olçuwuldamağa qoymaymıdı?çuwuldama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to ring? | bizçuwuldamağa qoymaybızmı?çuwuldama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to ring? | sizçuwuldamağa qoymaymısız?çuwuldama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to ring? | alaçuwuldamağa qoymaymıdıla?çuwuldama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to ring? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençuwuldamağa qoydumçuwuldama qoydumI allowed someone to ring | sençuwuldamağa qoyduŋçuwuldama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to ring | olçuwuldamağa qoyduçuwuldama qoyduhe allowed someone to ring | bizçuwuldamağa qoyduqçuwuldama qoyduqwe allowed someone to ring | sizçuwuldamağa qoyduğuzçuwuldama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to ring | alaçuwuldamağa qoydulaçuwuldama qoydulathey allowed someone to ring |
| Let someone… (past) | mençuwuldamağa qoymadımçuwuldama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to ring | sençuwuldamağa qoymadıŋçuwuldama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to ring | olçuwuldamağa qoymadıçuwuldama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to ring | bizçuwuldamağa qoymadıqçuwuldama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to ring | sizçuwuldamağa qoymadığızçuwuldama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to ring | alaçuwuldamağa qoymadılaçuwuldama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to ring |
| Let someone… (past) | mençuwuldamağa qoydummu?çuwuldama qoydummu?did I allow someone to ring? | sençuwuldamağa qoyduŋmu?çuwuldama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to ring? | olçuwuldamağa qoydumu?çuwuldama qoydumu?did he allow someone to ring? | bizçuwuldamağa qoyduqmu?çuwuldama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to ring? | sizçuwuldamağa qoyduğuzmu?çuwuldama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to ring? | alaçuwuldamağa qoydulamı?çuwuldama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to ring? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençuwuldamağa qoymadımmı?çuwuldama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to ring? | sençuwuldamağa qoymadıŋmı?çuwuldama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to ring? | olçuwuldamağa qoymadımı?çuwuldama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to ring? | bizçuwuldamağa qoymadıqmı?çuwuldama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to ring? | sizçuwuldamağa qoymadığızmı?çuwuldama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to ring? | alaçuwuldamağa qoymadılamı?çuwuldama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to ring? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
çuwuldayalırğa be able to ring · çuwuldayalmazğa be unable to ring
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençuwuldayalamaI can ring | sençuwuldayalasayou can ring | olçuwuldayaladıhe can ring | bizçuwuldayalabızwe can ring | sizçuwuldayalasızyou all can ring | alaçuwuldayaladılathey can ring |
| Ability — present | mençuwuldayalmaymaI can't ring | sençuwuldayalmaysayou can't ring | olçuwuldayalmaydıhe can't ring | bizçuwuldayalmaybızwe can't ring | sizçuwuldayalmaysızyou all can't ring | alaçuwuldayalmaydılathey can't ring |
| Ability — present | mençuwuldayalamamı? çuwuldayalamıma?can I ring? | sençuwuldayalamısa?can you ring? | olçuwuldayalamıdı?can he ring? | bizçuwuldayalabızmı? çuwuldayalamıbız?can we ring? | sizçuwuldayalamısız?can you all ring? | alaçuwuldayalamıdıla?can they ring? |
| Ability — present | mençuwuldayalmaymamı? çuwuldayalmaymıma?can't I ring? | sençuwuldayalmaymısa?can't you ring? | olçuwuldayalmaymıdı?can't he ring? | bizçuwuldayalmaybızmı? çuwuldayalmaymıbız?can't we ring? | sizçuwuldayalmaymısız?can't you all ring? | alaçuwuldayalmaymıdıla?can't they ring? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençuwuldayalsamif I can ring | sençuwuldayalsaŋif you can ring | olçuwuldayalsaif he can ring | bizçuwuldayalsaqif we can ring | sizçuwuldayalsağızif you all can ring | alaçuwuldayalsalaif they can ring |
| Ability — if I can… | mençuwuldayalmasamif I can't ring | sençuwuldayalmasaŋif you can't ring | olçuwuldayalmasaif he can't ring | bizçuwuldayalmasaqif we can't ring | sizçuwuldayalmasağızif you all can't ring | alaçuwuldayalmasalaif they can't ring |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençuwuldayaldımI was able to ring | sençuwuldayaldıŋyou were able to ring | olçuwuldayaldıhe was able to ring | bizçuwuldayaldıqwe were able to ring | sizçuwuldayaldığızyou all were able to ring | alaçuwuldayaldılathey were able to ring |
| Ability — simple past | mençuwuldayalmadımI could not ring | sençuwuldayalmadıŋyou could not ring | olçuwuldayalmadıhe could not ring | bizçuwuldayalmadıqwe could not ring | sizçuwuldayalmadığızyou all could not ring | alaçuwuldayalmadılathey could not ring |
| Ability — simple past | mençuwuldayaldımmı?was I able to ring? | sençuwuldayaldıŋmı?were you able to ring? | olçuwuldayaldımı?was he able to ring? | bizçuwuldayaldıqmı?were we able to ring? | sizçuwuldayaldığızmı?were you all able to ring? | alaçuwuldayaldılamı?were they able to ring? |
| Ability — simple past | mençuwuldayalmadımmı?couldn't I ring? | sençuwuldayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you ring? | olçuwuldayalmadımı?couldn't he ring? | bizçuwuldayalmadıqmı?couldn't we ring? | sizçuwuldayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all ring? | alaçuwuldayalmadılamı?couldn't they ring? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençuwuldayalğanmaI have been able to ring | sençuwuldayalğansayou have been able to ring | olçuwuldayalğandıhe has been able to ring | bizçuwuldayalğanbızwe have been able to ring | sizçuwuldayalğansızyou all have been able to ring | alaçuwuldayalğandılathey have been able to ring |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençuwuldayalmağanmaI haven't been able to ring | sençuwuldayalmağansayou haven't been able to ring | olçuwuldayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to ring | bizçuwuldayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to ring | sizçuwuldayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to ring | alaçuwuldayalmağandılathey haven't been able to ring |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençuwuldayalğanmamı? çuwuldayalğanmıma?have I been able to ring? | sençuwuldayalğanmısa?have you been able to ring? | olçuwuldayalğanmıdı?has he been able to ring? | bizçuwuldayalğanbızmı? çuwuldayalğanmıbız?have we been able to ring? | sizçuwuldayalğanmısız?have you all been able to ring? | alaçuwuldayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to ring? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençuwuldayalmağanmamı? çuwuldayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to ring? | sençuwuldayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to ring? | olçuwuldayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to ring? | bizçuwuldayalmağanbızmı? çuwuldayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to ring? | sizçuwuldayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to ring? | alaçuwuldayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to ring? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençuwuldayalğan edimçuwuldayalğanemI had been able to ring | sençuwuldayalğan ediŋçuwuldayalğaneŋyou had been able to ring | olçuwuldayalğan ediçuwuldayalğanedhe had been able to ring | bizçuwuldayalğan edikçuwuldayalğanekwe had been able to ring | sizçuwuldayalğan edigizçuwuldayalğanegizyou all had been able to ring | alaçuwuldayalğan edileçuwuldayalğanellethey had been able to ring |
| Ability — past perfect | mençuwuldayalmağan edimçuwuldayalmağanemI hadn't been able to ring | sençuwuldayalmağan ediŋçuwuldayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to ring | olçuwuldayalmağan ediçuwuldayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to ring | bizçuwuldayalmağan edikçuwuldayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to ring | sizçuwuldayalmağan edigizçuwuldayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to ring | alaçuwuldayalmağan edileçuwuldayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to ring |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençuwuldayala edimçuwuldayalaemI could ring | sençuwuldayala ediŋçuwuldayalaeŋyou could ring | olçuwuldayala ediçuwuldayalaedhe could ring | bizçuwuldayala edikçuwuldayalaekwe could ring | sizçuwuldayala edigizçuwuldayalaegizyou all could ring | alaçuwuldayala edileçuwuldayalaellethey could ring |
| Ability — past background | mençuwuldayalmay edimçuwuldayalmayemI could not ring | sençuwuldayalmay ediŋçuwuldayalmayeŋyou could not ring | olçuwuldayalmay ediçuwuldayalmayedhe could not ring | bizçuwuldayalmay edikçuwuldayalmayekwe could not ring | sizçuwuldayalmay edigizçuwuldayalmayegizyou all could not ring | alaçuwuldayalmay edileçuwuldayalmayellethey could not ring |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençuwuldayalırmaI will be able to ring | sençuwuldayalırsayou will be able to ring | olçuwuldayalırhe will be able to ring | bizçuwuldayalırbızwe will be able to ring | sizçuwuldayalırsızyou all will be able to ring | alaçuwuldayalırlathey will be able to ring |
| Ability — future I | mençuwuldayalmazmaI won't be able to ring | sençuwuldayalmazsayou won't be able to ring | olçuwuldayalmazhe won't be able to ring | bizçuwuldayalmazbızwe won't be able to ring | sizçuwuldayalmazsızyou all won't be able to ring | alaçuwuldayalmazlathey won't be able to ring |
| Ability — future I | mençuwuldayalırmamı? çuwuldayalırmıma?will I be able to ring? | sençuwuldayalırmısa?will you be able to ring? | olçuwuldayalırmı?will he be able to ring? | bizçuwuldayalırbızmı? çuwuldayalırmıbız?will we be able to ring? | sizçuwuldayalırmısız?will you all be able to ring? | alaçuwuldayalırlamı? çuwuldayalırmıla?will they be able to ring? |
| Ability — future I | mençuwuldayalmazmamı? çuwuldayalmazmıma?won't I be able to ring? | sençuwuldayalmazmısa?won't you be able to ring? | olçuwuldayalmazmı?won't he be able to ring? | bizçuwuldayalmazbızmı? çuwuldayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to ring? | sizçuwuldayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to ring? | alaçuwuldayalmazlamı? çuwuldayalmazmıla?won't they be able to ring? |
| Ability — future II | mençuwuldayallıqmaI am going to be able to ring | sençuwuldayallıqsayou are going to be able to ring | olçuwuldayallıqdıhe is going to be able to ring | bizçuwuldayallıqbızwe are going to be able to ring | sizçuwuldayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to ring | alaçuwuldayallıqdılathey are going to be able to ring |
| Ability — future II | mençuwuldayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to ring | sençuwuldayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to ring | olçuwuldayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to ring | bizçuwuldayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to ring | sizçuwuldayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to ring | alaçuwuldayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to ring |
| Ability — future II | mençuwuldayallıqmamı? çuwuldayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to ring? | sençuwuldayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to ring? | olçuwuldayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to ring? | bizçuwuldayallıqbızmı? çuwuldayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to ring? | sizçuwuldayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to ring? | alaçuwuldayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to ring? |
| Ability — future II | mençuwuldayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to ring? | sençuwuldayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to ring? | olçuwuldayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to ring? | bizçuwuldayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to ring? | sizçuwuldayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to ring? | alaçuwuldayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to ring? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençuwuldayalır edimçuwuldayalır emI would be able to ring | sençuwuldayalır ediŋçuwuldayalır eŋyou would be able to ring | olçuwuldayalır ediçuwuldayalır edhe would be able to ring | bizçuwuldayalır edikçuwuldayalır ekwe would be able to ring | sizçuwuldayalır edigizçuwuldayalır egizyou all would be able to ring | alaçuwuldayalır edileçuwuldayalır ellethey would be able to ring |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençuwuldayalmaz edimçuwuldayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to ring | sençuwuldayalmaz ediŋçuwuldayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to ring | olçuwuldayalmaz ediçuwuldayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to ring | bizçuwuldayalmaz edikçuwuldayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to ring | sizçuwuldayalmaz edigizçuwuldayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to ring | alaçuwuldayalmaz edileçuwuldayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to ring |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençuwuldayalğınçuwuldayalğımay you be able to ring | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençuwuldayalmağınçuwuldayalmağımay you not be able to ring | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençuwuldarğa izleymeI want to ring | sençuwuldarğa izleyseyou want to ring | olçuwuldarğa izleydihe wants to ring | bizçuwuldarğa izleybizwe want to ring | sizçuwuldarğa izleysizyou all want to ring | alaçuwuldarğa izleydilethey want to ring |
| want to | mençuwuldarğa izlemeymeI do not want to ring | sençuwuldarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to ring | olçuwuldarğa izlemeydihe does not want to ring | bizçuwuldarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to ring | sizçuwuldarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to ring | alaçuwuldarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to ring |
| would like to | mençuwuldarğa süemeI would like to ring | sençuwuldarğa süeseyou would like to ring | olçuwuldarğa süedihe would like to ring | bizçuwuldarğa süebizwe would like to ring | sizçuwuldarğa süesizyou all would like to ring | alaçuwuldarğa süedilethey would like to ring |
| would like to | mençuwuldarğa süymeymeI would not like to ring | sençuwuldarğa süymeyseyou would not like to ring | olçuwuldarğa süymeydihe would not like to ring | bizçuwuldarğa süymeybizwe would not like to ring | sizçuwuldarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to ring | alaçuwuldarğa süymeydilethey would not like to ring |
| hope to | mençuwuldarğa umutlanamaI hope to ring | sençuwuldarğa umutlanasayou hope to ring | olçuwuldarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to ring | bizçuwuldarğa umutlanabızwe hope to ring | sizçuwuldarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to ring | alaçuwuldarğa umutlanadılathey hope to ring |
| hope to | mençuwuldarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to ring | sençuwuldarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to ring | olçuwuldarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to ring | bizçuwuldarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to ring | sizçuwuldarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to ring | alaçuwuldarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to ring |
| be about to | mençuwuldarğa deb turamaI am about to ring | sençuwuldarğa deb turasayou are about to ring | olçuwuldarğa deb turadıhe is about to ring | bizçuwuldarğa deb turabızwe are about to ring | sizçuwuldarğa deb turasızyou all are about to ring | alaçuwuldarğa deb turadılathey are about to ring |
| be about to | mençuwuldarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to ring | sençuwuldarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to ring | olçuwuldarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to ring | bizçuwuldarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to ring | sizçuwuldarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to ring | alaçuwuldarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to ring |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençuwuldarğa kerekmeI need to ring | sençuwuldarğa kerekseyou need to ring | olçuwuldarğa kerekdihe needs to ring | bizçuwuldarğa kerekbizwe need to ring | sizçuwuldarğa kereksizyou all need to ring | alaçuwuldarğa kerekdilethey need to ring |
| need to | mençuwuldarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to ring | sençuwuldarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to ring | olçuwuldarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to ring | bizçuwuldarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to ring | sizçuwuldarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to ring | alaçuwuldarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to ring |
| have to | menmenŋe çuwuldarğa tüşediI have to ring | sensenŋe çuwuldarğa tüşediyou have to ring | olaŋa çuwuldarğa tüşedihe has to ring | bizbizge çuwuldarğa tüşediwe have to ring | sizsizge çuwuldarğa tüşediyou all have to ring | alaalağa çuwuldarğa tüşedithey have to ring |
| have to | menmenŋe çuwuldarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to ring | sensenŋe çuwuldarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to ring | olaŋa çuwuldarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to ring | bizbizge çuwuldarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to ring | sizsizge çuwuldarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to ring | alaalağa çuwuldarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to ring |
| be obliged to | mençuwuldarğa borçlumaI am obliged to ring | sençuwuldarğa borçlusayou are obliged to ring | olçuwuldarğa borçluduhe is obliged to ring | bizçuwuldarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to ring | sizçuwuldarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to ring | alaçuwuldarğa borçludulathey are obliged to ring |
| be obliged to | mençuwuldarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to ring | sençuwuldarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to ring | olçuwuldarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to ring | bizçuwuldarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to ring | sizçuwuldarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to ring | alaçuwuldarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to ring |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençuwuldarğa madarım bardıI have a way to ring | sençuwuldarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to ring | olçuwuldarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to ring | bizçuwuldarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to ring | sizçuwuldarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to ring | alaçuwuldarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to ring |
| have a way to | mençuwuldarğa madarım joqduI have no way to ring | sençuwuldarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to ring | olçuwuldarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to ring | bizçuwuldarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to ring | sizçuwuldarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to ring | alaçuwuldarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to ring |
| be free to | mençuwuldarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to ring | sençuwuldarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to ring | olçuwuldarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to ring | bizçuwuldarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to ring | sizçuwuldarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to ring | alaçuwuldarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to ring |
| be free to | mençuwuldarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to ring | sençuwuldarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to ring | olçuwuldarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to ring | bizçuwuldarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to ring | sizçuwuldarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to ring | alaçuwuldarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to ring |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to ring | sensenŋe çuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to ring | olaŋa çuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to ring | bizbizge çuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to ring | sizsizge çuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to ring | alaalağa çuwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to ring |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to ring | sensenŋe çuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to ring | olaŋa çuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to ring | bizbizge çuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to ring | sizsizge çuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to ring | alaalağa çuwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to ring |
| be ready to | mençuwuldarğa hazırmaI am ready to ring | sençuwuldarğa hazırsayou are ready to ring | olçuwuldarğa hazırdıhe is ready to ring | bizçuwuldarğa hazırbızwe are ready to ring | sizçuwuldarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to ring | alaçuwuldarğa hazırdılathey are ready to ring |
| be ready to | mençuwuldarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to ring | sençuwuldarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to ring | olçuwuldarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to ring | bizçuwuldarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to ring | sizçuwuldarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to ring | alaçuwuldarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to ring |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençuwuldarğa küreşemeI am trying to ring | sençuwuldarğa küreşeseyou are trying to ring | olçuwuldarğa küreşedihe is trying to ring | bizçuwuldarğa küreşebizwe are trying to ring | sizçuwuldarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to ring | alaçuwuldarğa küreşedilethey are trying to ring |
| try to | mençuwuldarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to ring | sençuwuldarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to ring | olçuwuldarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to ring | bizçuwuldarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to ring | sizçuwuldarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to ring | alaçuwuldarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to ring |
| agree to | mençuwuldarğa unaymaI agree to ring | sençuwuldarğa unaysayou agree to ring | olçuwuldarğa unaydıhe agrees to ring | bizçuwuldarğa unaybızwe agree to ring | sizçuwuldarğa unaysızyou all agree to ring | alaçuwuldarğa unaydılathey agree to ring |
| agree to | mençuwuldarğa unamaymaI refuse to ring | sençuwuldarğa unamaysayou refuse to ring | olçuwuldarğa unamaydıhe refuses to ring | bizçuwuldarğa unamaybızwe refuse to ring | sizçuwuldarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to ring | alaçuwuldarğa unamaydılathey refuse to ring |
| hurry to | mençuwuldarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to ring | sençuwuldarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to ring | olçuwuldarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to ring | bizçuwuldarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to ring | sizçuwuldarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to ring | alaçuwuldarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to ring |
| hurry to | mençuwuldarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to ring | sençuwuldarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to ring | olçuwuldarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to ring | bizçuwuldarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to ring | sizçuwuldarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to ring | alaçuwuldarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to ring |
| be afraid to | mençuwuldarğa qorqamaI am afraid to ring | sençuwuldarğa qorqasayou are afraid to ring | olçuwuldarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to ring | bizçuwuldarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to ring | sizçuwuldarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to ring | alaçuwuldarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to ring |
| be afraid to | mençuwuldarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to ring | sençuwuldarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to ring | olçuwuldarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to ring | bizçuwuldarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to ring | sizçuwuldarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to ring | alaçuwuldarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to ring |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençuwulday bolmazmaI can't be ringing | sençuwulday bolmazsayou can't be ringing | olçuwulday bolmazhe can't be ringing | bizçuwulday bolmazbızwe can't be ringing | sizçuwulday bolmazsızyou all can't be ringing | alaçuwulday bolmazlathey can't be ringing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençuwuldamay bolmazmaI must be ringing (emphatic) | sençuwuldamay bolmazsayou must be ringing (emphatic) | olçuwuldamay bolmazhe must be ringing (emphatic) | bizçuwuldamay bolmazbızwe must be ringing (emphatic) | sizçuwuldamay bolmazsızyou all must be ringing (emphatic) | alaçuwuldamay bolmazlathey must be ringing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençuwulday turmasamif I don't keep ringing | sençuwulday turmasaŋif you don't keep ringing | olçuwulday turmasaif he doesn't keep ringing | bizçuwulday turmasaqif we don't keep ringing | sizçuwulday turmasağızif you all don't keep ringing | alaçuwulday turmasalaif they don't keep ringing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençuwulday tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of ringing | sençuwulday tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of ringing | olçuwulday tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of ringing | bizçuwulday tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of ringing | sizçuwulday tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of ringing | alaçuwulday tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of ringing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençuwuldamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not ringing (emphatic) | sençuwuldamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not ringing (emphatic) | olçuwuldamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not ringing (emphatic) | bizçuwuldamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not ringing (emphatic) | sizçuwuldamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not ringing (emphatic) | alaçuwuldamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not ringing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençuwuldamay turamaI keep on not ringing | sençuwuldamay turasayou keep on not ringing | olçuwuldamay turadıhe keeps on not ringing | bizçuwuldamay turabızwe keep on not ringing | sizçuwuldamay turasızyou all keep on not ringing | alaçuwuldamay turadılathey keep on not ringing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençuwuldamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not ringing | sençuwuldamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not ringing | olçuwuldamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not ringing | bizçuwuldamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not ringing | sizçuwuldamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not ringing | alaçuwuldamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not ringing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençuwuldamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not ringing? | sençuwuldamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not ringing? | olçuwuldamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not ringing? | bizçuwuldamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not ringing? | sizçuwuldamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not ringing? | alaçuwuldamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not ringing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençuwuldağan bolmazmaI can't have rung | sençuwuldağan bolmazsayou can't have rung | olçuwuldağan bolmazhe can't have rung | bizçuwuldağan bolmazbızwe can't have rung | sizçuwuldağan bolmazsızyou all can't have rung | alaçuwuldağan bolmazlathey can't have rung |
| Inference — double negation | mençuwuldamağan bolmazmaI must have rung (emphatic) | sençuwuldamağan bolmazsayou must have rung (emphatic) | olçuwuldamağan bolmazhe must have rung (emphatic) | bizçuwuldamağan bolmazbızwe must have rung (emphatic) | sizçuwuldamağan bolmazsızyou all must have rung (emphatic) | alaçuwuldamağan bolmazlathey must have rung (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençuwuldağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had rung | sençuwuldağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had rung | olçuwuldağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had rung | bizçuwuldağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had rung | sizçuwuldağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had rung | alaçuwuldağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had rung |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençuwuldamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't rung | sençuwuldamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't rung | olçuwuldamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't rung | bizçuwuldamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't rung | sizçuwuldamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't rung | alaçuwuldamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't rung |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençuwuldarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to ring | sençuwuldarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to ring | olçuwuldarıq bolmazhe can't be going to ring | bizçuwuldarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to ring | sizçuwuldarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to ring | alaçuwuldarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to ring |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençuwuldamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to ring (emphatic) | sençuwuldamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to ring (emphatic) | olçuwuldamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to ring (emphatic) | bizçuwuldamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to ring (emphatic) | sizçuwuldamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to ring (emphatic) | alaçuwuldamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to ring (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençuwuldarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to ring | sençuwuldarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to ring | olçuwuldarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to ring | bizçuwuldarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to ring | sizçuwuldarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to ring | alaçuwuldarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to ring |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençuwuldamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to ring | sençuwuldamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to ring | olçuwuldamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to ring | bizçuwuldamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to ring | sizçuwuldamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to ring | alaçuwuldamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to ring |