duwuldarğa
/duwuldarʁa/
1. hum, drone, rumble — Said of engines, vehicles and other things that give out a steady low noise.
- meşnala duwuldab ozadıla — the trucks pass by droning
- motor duwuldaydı — the engine is droning
- tirmen duwulday edi — the mill was humming
- özen duwuldaydı — the gorge is rumbling
2. buzz, ring, howl — Said of ringing ears, buzzing bees or a howling wind.
- qulaqlarım duwuldaydıla — my ears are ringing
- motornu tawuşundan qulaqlarım duwuldaydıla — my ears are ringing from the noise of the engine
- bal çibinle duwuldaydıla — the bees are buzzing
- taŋŋa deri jel duwuldağanlay turdu — the wind went on howling until dawn
3. jabber, chatter, go on at someone — Used of tiresome, non-stop talking.
- ol adam quru duwuldab turadı — that man just keeps on jabbering
- ala duwuldaydıla — they are jabbering
- ne duwuldaysa? — what are you going on about?
- duwuldab turma — don't go on jabbering
Conjugation
Common forms
- duwuldaydıhe is humming
- duwuldadıhe hummed
- duwuldağandıhe has hummed
- duwuldarhe will hum
- duwuldarıqdıhe is going to hum
- duwulday edihe was humming
- duwuldasaif he hums
- duwulda!hum!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menduwuldaymaI am humming | senduwuldaysayou are humming | olduwuldaydıhe is humming | bizduwuldaybızwe are humming | sizduwuldaysızyou all are humming | aladuwuldaydılathey are humming |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menduwuldamaymaI am not humming | senduwuldamaysayou are not humming | olduwuldamaydıhe is not humming | bizduwuldamaybızwe are not humming | sizduwuldamaysızyou all are not humming | aladuwuldamaydılathey are not humming |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menduwuldaymamı? duwuldaymıma?am I humming? | senduwuldaymısa?are you humming? | olduwuldaymıdı?is he humming? | bizduwuldaybızmı? duwuldaymıbız?are we humming? | sizduwuldaymısız?are you all humming? | aladuwuldaymıdıla?are they humming? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menduwuldamaymamı? duwuldamaymıma?aren't I humming? | senduwuldamaymısa?aren't you humming? | olduwuldamaymıdı?isn't he humming? | bizduwuldamaybızmı? duwuldamaymıbız?aren't we humming? | sizduwuldamaymısız?aren't you all humming? | aladuwuldamaymıdıla?aren't they humming? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menduwuldawçanmaI usually hum | senduwuldawçansayou usually hum | olduwuldawçandıhe usually hums | bizduwuldawçanbızwe usually hum | sizduwuldawçansızyou all usually hum | aladuwuldawçandılathey usually hum |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menduwuldamawçanmaI usually don't hum | senduwuldamawçansayou usually don't hum | olduwuldamawçandıhe usually doesn't hum | bizduwuldamawçanbızwe usually don't hum | sizduwuldamawçansızyou all usually don't hum | aladuwuldamawçandılathey usually don't hum |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menduwuldawçanmamı? duwuldawçanmıma?do I usually hum? | senduwuldawçanmısa?do you usually hum? | olduwuldawçanmıdı?does he usually hum? | bizduwuldawçanbızmı? duwuldawçanmıbız?do we usually hum? | sizduwuldawçanmısız?do you all usually hum? | aladuwuldawçanmıdıla?do they usually hum? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menduwuldamawçanmamı? duwuldamawçanmıma?do I usually not hum? | senduwuldamawçanmısa?do you usually not hum? | olduwuldamawçanmıdı?does he usually not hum? | bizduwuldamawçanbızmı? duwuldamawçanmıbız?do we usually not hum? | sizduwuldamawçanmısız?do you all usually not hum? | aladuwuldamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not hum? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olduwuldabdıhe has hummed and remains so | aladuwuldabdılathey have hummed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olduwuldabmıdı?has he hummed? | aladuwuldabmıdıla?have they hummed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menduwuldab turamaI keep humming | senduwuldab turasayou keep humming | olduwuldab turadıhe keeps humming | bizduwuldab turabızwe keep humming | sizduwuldab turasızyou all keep humming | aladuwuldab turadılathey keep humming |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menduwuldab turmaymaI don't keep humming | senduwuldab turmaysayou don't keep humming | olduwuldab turmaydıhe doesn't keep humming | bizduwuldab turmaybızwe don't keep humming | sizduwuldab turmaysızyou all don't keep humming | aladuwuldab turmaydılathey don't keep humming |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menduwuldab turamamı? duwuldab turamıma?do I keep humming? | senduwuldab turamısa?do you keep humming? | olduwuldab turamıdı?does he keep humming? | bizduwuldab turabızmı? duwuldab turamıbız?do we keep humming? | sizduwuldab turamısız?do you all keep humming? | aladuwuldab turamıdıla?do they keep humming? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menduwuldab turmaymamı? duwuldab turmaymıma?don't I keep humming? | senduwuldab turmaymısa?don't you keep humming? | olduwuldab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep humming? | bizduwuldab turmaybızmı? duwuldab turmaymıbız?don't we keep humming? | sizduwuldab turmaymısız?don't you all keep humming? | aladuwuldab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep humming? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menduwulday turamaI am in the middle of humming | senduwulday turasayou are in the middle of humming | olduwulday turadıhe is in the middle of humming | bizduwulday turabızwe are in the middle of humming | sizduwulday turasızyou all are in the middle of humming | aladuwulday turadılathey are in the middle of humming |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menduwulday turmaymaI am not in the middle of humming | senduwulday turmaysayou are not in the middle of humming | olduwulday turmaydıhe is not in the middle of humming | bizduwulday turmaybızwe are not in the middle of humming | sizduwulday turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of humming | aladuwulday turmaydılathey are not in the middle of humming |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menduwulday turamamı? duwulday turamıma?am I in the middle of humming? | senduwulday turamısa?are you in the middle of humming? | olduwulday turamıdı?is he in the middle of humming? | bizduwulday turabızmı? duwulday turamıbız?are we in the middle of humming? | sizduwulday turamısız?are you all in the middle of humming? | aladuwulday turamıdıla?are they in the middle of humming? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menduwulday turmaymamı? duwulday turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of humming? | senduwulday turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of humming? | olduwulday turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of humming? | bizduwulday turmaybızmı? duwulday turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of humming? | sizduwulday turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of humming? | aladuwulday turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of humming? |
| Simple past (definite) | menduwuldadımI hummed | senduwuldadıŋyou hummed | olduwuldadıhe hummed | bizduwuldadıqwe hummed | sizduwuldadığızyou all hummed | aladuwuldadılathey hummed |
| Simple past (definite) | menduwuldamadımI didn't hum | senduwuldamadıŋyou didn't hum | olduwuldamadıhe didn't hum | bizduwuldamadıqwe didn't hum | sizduwuldamadığızyou all didn't hum | aladuwuldamadılathey didn't hum |
| Simple past (definite) | menduwuldadımmı?did I hum? | senduwuldadıŋmı?did you hum? | olduwuldadımı?did he hum? | bizduwuldadıqmı?did we hum? | sizduwuldadığızmı?did you all hum? | aladuwuldadılamı?did they hum? |
| Simple past (definite) | menduwuldamadımmı?didn't I hum? | senduwuldamadıŋmı?didn't you hum? | olduwuldamadımı?didn't he hum? | bizduwuldamadıqmı?didn't we hum? | sizduwuldamadığızmı?didn't you all hum? | aladuwuldamadılamı?didn't they hum? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menduwuldağanmaI have hummed | senduwuldağansayou have hummed | olduwuldağandıhe has hummed | bizduwuldağanbızwe have hummed | sizduwuldağansızyou all have hummed | aladuwuldağandılathey have hummed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menduwuldamağanmaI haven't hummed | senduwuldamağansayou haven't hummed | olduwuldamağandıhe hasn't hummed | bizduwuldamağanbızwe haven't hummed | sizduwuldamağansızyou all haven't hummed | aladuwuldamağandılathey haven't hummed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menduwuldağanmamı? duwuldağanmıma?have I hummed? | senduwuldağanmısa?have you hummed? | olduwuldağanmıdı?has he hummed? | bizduwuldağanbızmı? duwuldağanmıbız?have we hummed? | sizduwuldağanmısız?have you all hummed? | aladuwuldağanmıdıla?have they hummed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menduwuldamağanmamı? duwuldamağanmıma?haven't I hummed? | senduwuldamağanmısa?haven't you hummed? | olduwuldamağanmıdı?hasn't he hummed? | bizduwuldamağanbızmı? duwuldamağanmıbız?haven't we hummed? | sizduwuldamağanmısız?haven't you all hummed? | aladuwuldamağanmıdıla?haven't they hummed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menduwuldab turdumI kept humming | senduwuldab turduŋyou kept humming | olduwuldab turduhe kept humming | bizduwuldab turduqwe kept humming | sizduwuldab turduğuzyou all kept humming | aladuwuldab turdulathey kept humming |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menduwuldab turmadımI didn't keep humming | senduwuldab turmadıŋyou didn't keep humming | olduwuldab turmadıhe didn't keep humming | bizduwuldab turmadıqwe didn't keep humming | sizduwuldab turmadığızyou all didn't keep humming | aladuwuldab turmadılathey didn't keep humming |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menduwuldarmaI will hum | senduwuldarsayou will hum | olduwuldarhe will hum | bizduwuldarbızwe will hum | sizduwuldarsızyou all will hum | aladuwuldarlathey will hum |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menduwuldamazmaI won't hum | senduwuldamazsayou won't hum | olduwuldamazhe won't hum | bizduwuldamazbızwe won't hum | sizduwuldamazsızyou all won't hum | aladuwuldamazlathey won't hum |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menduwuldarmamı? duwuldarmıma?will I hum? | senduwuldarmısa?will you hum? | olduwuldarmı?will he hum? | bizduwuldarbızmı? duwuldarmıbız?will we hum? | sizduwuldarmısız?will you all hum? | aladuwuldarlamı? duwuldarmıla?will they hum? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menduwuldamazmamı? duwuldamazmıma?won't I hum? | senduwuldamazmısa?won't you hum? | olduwuldamazmı?won't he hum? | bizduwuldamazbızmı? duwuldamazmıbız?won't we hum? | sizduwuldamazmısız?won't you all hum? | aladuwuldamazlamı? duwuldamazmıla?won't they hum? |
| Definite future (future II) | menduwuldarıqmaI am going to hum | senduwuldarıqsayou are going to hum | olduwuldarıqdıhe is going to hum | bizduwuldarıqbızwe are going to hum | sizduwuldarıqsızyou all are going to hum | aladuwuldarıqdılathey are going to hum |
| Definite future (future II) | menduwuldarıq tülmeI am not going to hum | senduwuldarıq tülseyou are not going to hum | olduwuldarıq tüldühe is not going to hum | bizduwuldarıq tülbüzwe are not going to hum | sizduwuldarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to hum | aladuwuldarıq tüldülethey are not going to hum |
| Definite future (future II) | menduwuldarıqmamı? duwuldarıqmıma?am I going to hum? | senduwuldarıqmısa?are you going to hum? | olduwuldarıqmıdı?is he going to hum? | bizduwuldarıqbızmı? duwuldarıqmıbız?are we going to hum? | sizduwuldarıqmısız?are you all going to hum? | aladuwuldarıqmıdıla?are they going to hum? |
| Definite future (future II) | menduwuldarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to hum? | senduwuldarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to hum? | olduwuldarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to hum? | bizduwuldarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to hum? | sizduwuldarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to hum? | aladuwuldarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to hum? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menduwuldağan edimduwuldağanemI had hummed | senduwuldağan ediŋduwuldağaneŋyou had hummed | olduwuldağan ediduwuldağanedhe had hummed | bizduwuldağan edikduwuldağanekwe had hummed | sizduwuldağan edigizduwuldağanegizyou all had hummed | aladuwuldağan edileduwuldağanellethey had hummed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menduwuldamağan edimduwuldamağanemI hadn't hummed | senduwuldamağan ediŋduwuldamağaneŋyou hadn't hummed | olduwuldamağan ediduwuldamağanedhe hadn't hummed | bizduwuldamağan edikduwuldamağanekwe hadn't hummed | sizduwuldamağan edigizduwuldamağanegizyou all hadn't hummed | aladuwuldamağan edileduwuldamağanellethey hadn't hummed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menduwulday edimduwuldayemI was humming | senduwulday ediŋduwuldayeŋyou were humming | olduwulday ediduwuldayedhe was humming | bizduwulday edikduwuldayekwe were humming | sizduwulday edigizduwuldayegizyou all were humming | aladuwulday edileduwuldayellethey were humming |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menduwuldamay edimduwuldamayemI wasn't humming | senduwuldamay ediŋduwuldamayeŋyou weren't humming | olduwuldamay ediduwuldamayedhe wasn't humming | bizduwuldamay edikduwuldamayekwe weren't humming | sizduwuldamay edigizduwuldamayegizyou all weren't humming | aladuwuldamay edileduwuldamayellethey weren't humming |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menduwuldawçan edimduwuldawçanemI used to hum | senduwuldawçan ediŋduwuldawçaneŋyou used to hum | olduwuldawçan ediduwuldawçanedhe used to hum | bizduwuldawçan edikduwuldawçanekwe used to hum | sizduwuldawçan edigizduwuldawçanegizyou all used to hum | aladuwuldawçan edileduwuldawçanellethey used to hum |
| Habitual past (used to) | menduwuldamawçan edimduwuldamawçanemI didn't use to hum | senduwuldamawçan ediŋduwuldamawçaneŋyou didn't use to hum | olduwuldamawçan ediduwuldamawçanedhe didn't use to hum | bizduwuldamawçan edikduwuldamawçanekwe didn't use to hum | sizduwuldamawçan edigizduwuldamawçanegizyou all didn't use to hum | aladuwuldamawçan edileduwuldamawçanellethey didn't use to hum |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olduwuldab edihe had hummed and remained so | aladuwuldab edilethey had hummed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olduwuldab tül edihe hadn't hummed | aladuwuldab tül edilethey hadn't hummed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menduwuldab tura edimduwuldab turaemI had kept humming | senduwuldab tura ediŋduwuldab turaeŋyou had kept humming | olduwuldab tura ediduwuldab turaedhe had kept humming | bizduwuldab tura edikduwuldab turaekwe had kept humming | sizduwuldab tura edigizduwuldab turaegizyou all had kept humming | aladuwuldab tura edileduwuldab turaellethey had kept humming |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menduwuldab turmay edimduwuldab turmayemI hadn't kept humming | senduwuldab turmay ediŋduwuldab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept humming | olduwuldab turmay ediduwuldab turmayedhe hadn't kept humming | bizduwuldab turmay edikduwuldab turmayekwe hadn't kept humming | sizduwuldab turmay edigizduwuldab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept humming | aladuwuldab turmay edileduwuldab turmayellethey hadn't kept humming |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menduwulday tura edimduwulday turaemI was in the middle of humming | senduwulday tura ediŋduwulday turaeŋyou were in the middle of humming | olduwulday tura ediduwulday turaedhe was in the middle of humming | bizduwulday tura edikduwulday turaekwe were in the middle of humming | sizduwulday tura edigizduwulday turaegizyou all were in the middle of humming | aladuwulday tura edileduwulday turaellethey were in the middle of humming |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menduwulday turmay edimduwulday turmayemI wasn't in the middle of humming | senduwulday turmay ediŋduwulday turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of humming | olduwulday turmay ediduwulday turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of humming | bizduwulday turmay edikduwulday turmayekwe weren't in the middle of humming | sizduwulday turmay edigizduwulday turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of humming | aladuwulday turmay edileduwulday turmayellethey weren't in the middle of humming |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menduwuldar edimduwuldar emI would hum | senduwuldar ediŋduwuldar eŋyou would hum | olduwuldar ediduwuldar edhe would hum | bizduwuldar edikduwuldar ekwe would hum | sizduwuldar edigizduwuldar egizyou all would hum | aladuwuldar edileduwuldar ellethey would hum |
| Conditional result (would) | menduwuldamaz edimduwuldamaz emI wouldn't hum | senduwuldamaz ediŋduwuldamaz eŋyou wouldn't hum | olduwuldamaz ediduwuldamaz edhe wouldn't hum | bizduwuldamaz edikduwuldamaz ekwe wouldn't hum | sizduwuldamaz edigizduwuldamaz egizyou all wouldn't hum | aladuwuldamaz edileduwuldamaz ellethey wouldn't hum |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menduwuldarıq edimduwuldarıq emI would have hummed | senduwuldarıq ediŋduwuldarıq eŋyou would have hummed | olduwuldarıq ediduwuldarıq edhe would have hummed | bizduwuldarıq edikduwuldarıq ekwe would have hummed | sizduwuldarıq edigizduwuldarıq egizyou all would have hummed | aladuwuldarıq edileduwuldarıq ellethey would have hummed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menduwuldarıq tül edimduwuldarıq tül emI wouldn't have hummed | senduwuldarıq tül ediŋduwuldarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have hummed | olduwuldarıq tül ediduwuldarıq tül edhe wouldn't have hummed | bizduwuldarıq tül edikduwuldarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have hummed | sizduwuldarıq tül edigizduwuldarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have hummed | aladuwuldarıq tül edileduwuldarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have hummed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menduwuldasamif I hum | senduwuldasaŋif you hum | olduwuldasaif he hums | bizduwuldasaqif we hum | sizduwuldasağızif you all hum | aladuwuldasalaif they hum |
| Conditional | menduwuldamasamif I don't hum | senduwuldamasaŋif you don't hum | olduwuldamasaif he doesn't hum | bizduwuldamasaqif we don't hum | sizduwuldamasağızif you all don't hum | aladuwuldamasalaif they don't hum |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menduwulday esemif I am humming | senduwulday eseŋif you are humming | olduwulday eseif he is humming | bizduwulday esekif we are humming | sizduwulday esegizif you all are humming | aladuwulday eseleif they are humming |
| Conditional, present real | menduwuldamay esemif I am not humming | senduwuldamay eseŋif you are not humming | olduwuldamay eseif he is not humming | bizduwuldamay esekif we are not humming | sizduwuldamay esegizif you all are not humming | aladuwuldamay eseleif they are not humming |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menduwuldasam ediduwuldasam edif only I hummed | senduwuldasaŋ ediduwuldasaŋ edif only you hummed | olduwuldasa ediduwuldasaedif only he hummed | bizduwuldasaq ediduwuldasaq edif only we hummed | sizduwuldasağız ediduwuldasağız edif only you all hummed | aladuwuldasala ediduwuldasalaedif only they hummed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menduwuldamasam ediduwuldamasam edif only I didn't hum | senduwuldamasaŋ ediduwuldamasaŋ edif only you didn't hum | olduwuldamasa ediduwuldamasaedif only he didn't hum | bizduwuldamasaq ediduwuldamasaq edif only we didn't hum | sizduwuldamasağız ediduwuldamasağız edif only you all didn't hum | aladuwuldamasala ediduwuldamasalaedif only they didn't hum |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menduwuldab tursamif I carry on humming | senduwuldab tursaŋif you carry on humming | olduwuldab tursaif he carries on humming | bizduwuldab tursaqif we carry on humming | sizduwuldab tursağızif you all carry on humming | aladuwuldab tursalaif they carry on humming |
| Durative conditional | menduwuldab turmasamif I don't carry on humming | senduwuldab turmasaŋif you don't carry on humming | olduwuldab turmasaif he doesn't carry on humming | bizduwuldab turmasaqif we don't carry on humming | sizduwuldab turmasağızif you all don't carry on humming | aladuwuldab turmasalaif they don't carry on humming |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menduwuldab tura esemif I have kept humming | senduwuldab tura eseŋif you have kept humming | olduwuldab tura eseif he has kept humming | bizduwuldab tura esekif we have kept humming | sizduwuldab tura esegizif you all have kept humming | aladuwuldab tura eseleif they have kept humming |
| Durative conditional, present real | menduwuldab turmay esemif I haven't kept humming | senduwuldab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept humming | olduwuldab turmay eseif he hasn't kept humming | bizduwuldab turmay esekif we haven't kept humming | sizduwuldab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept humming | aladuwuldab turmay eseleif they haven't kept humming |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menduwulday tursamif I keep humming | senduwulday tursaŋif you keep humming | olduwulday tursaif he keeps humming | bizduwulday tursaqif we keep humming | sizduwulday tursağızif you all keep humming | aladuwulday tursalaif they keep humming |
| Progressive conditional | menduwuldamay tursamif I keep on not humming | senduwuldamay tursaŋif you keep on not humming | olduwuldamay tursaif he keeps on not humming | bizduwuldamay tursaqif we keep on not humming | sizduwuldamay tursağızif you all keep on not humming | aladuwuldamay tursalaif they keep on not humming |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menduwulday tura esemif I am in the middle of humming | senduwulday tura eseŋif you are in the middle of humming | olduwulday tura eseif he is in the middle of humming | bizduwulday tura esekif we are in the middle of humming | sizduwulday tura esegizif you all are in the middle of humming | aladuwulday tura eseleif they are in the middle of humming |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menduwuldamay tura esemif I keep on not humming | senduwuldamay tura eseŋif you keep on not humming | olduwuldamay tura eseif he keeps on not humming | bizduwuldamay tura esekif we keep on not humming | sizduwuldamay tura esegizif you all keep on not humming | aladuwuldamay tura eseleif they keep on not humming |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menduwuldadım esemif I hummed | senduwuldadıŋ eseŋif you hummed | olduwuldadı eseif he hummed | bizduwuldadıq esekif we hummed | sizduwuldadığız esegizif you all hummed | aladuwuldadıla eseleif they hummed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menduwuldamadım esemif I didn't hum | senduwuldamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't hum | olduwuldamadı eseif he didn't hum | bizduwuldamadıq esekif we didn't hum | sizduwuldamadığız esegizif you all didn't hum | aladuwuldamadıla eseleif they didn't hum |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menduwuldağan esemif I did hum (indeed) | senduwuldağan eseŋif you did hum (indeed) | olduwuldağan eseif he did hum (indeed) | bizduwuldağan esekif we did hum (indeed) | sizduwuldağan esegizif you all did hum (indeed) | aladuwuldağan eseleif they did hum (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menduwuldamağan esemif I didn't hum (indeed) | senduwuldamağan eseŋif you didn't hum (indeed) | olduwuldamağan eseif he didn't hum (indeed) | bizduwuldamağan esekif we didn't hum (indeed) | sizduwuldamağan esegizif you all didn't hum (indeed) | aladuwuldamağan eseleif they didn't hum (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menduwuldağan bolsamif I had hummed | senduwuldağan bolsaŋif you had hummed | olduwuldağan bolsaif he had hummed | bizduwuldağan bolsaqif we had hummed | sizduwuldağan bolsağızif you all had hummed | aladuwuldağan bolsalaif they had hummed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menduwuldamağan bolsamif I hadn't hummed | senduwuldamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't hummed | olduwuldamağan bolsaif he hadn't hummed | bizduwuldamağan bolsaqif we hadn't hummed | sizduwuldamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't hummed | aladuwuldamağan bolsalaif they hadn't hummed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menduwuldağan bolsam ediduwuldağan bolsam edif only I had hummed | senduwuldağan bolsaŋ ediduwuldağan bolsaŋ edif only you had hummed | olduwuldağan bolsa ediduwuldağan bolsaedif only he had hummed | bizduwuldağan bolsaq ediduwuldağan bolsaq edif only we had hummed | sizduwuldağan bolsağız ediduwuldağan bolsağız edif only you all had hummed | aladuwuldağan bolsala ediduwuldağan bolsalaedif only they had hummed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menduwuldamağan bolsam ediduwuldamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't hummed | senduwuldamağan bolsaŋ ediduwuldamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't hummed | olduwuldamağan bolsa ediduwuldamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't hummed | bizduwuldamağan bolsaq ediduwuldamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't hummed | sizduwuldamağan bolsağız ediduwuldamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't hummed | aladuwuldamağan bolsala ediduwuldamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't hummed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menduwuldar esemif I will hum | senduwuldar eseŋif you will hum | olduwuldar eseif he will hum | bizduwuldar esekif we will hum | sizduwuldar esegizif you all will hum | aladuwuldar eseleif they will hum |
| Conditional, aorist | menduwuldamaz esemif I won't hum | senduwuldamaz eseŋif you won't hum | olduwuldamaz eseif he won't hum | bizduwuldamaz esekif we won't hum | sizduwuldamaz esegizif you all won't hum | aladuwuldamaz eseleif they won't hum |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menduwuldarıq esemif I am going to hum | senduwuldarıq eseŋif you are going to hum | olduwuldarıq eseif he is going to hum | bizduwuldarıq esekif we are going to hum | sizduwuldarıq esegizif you all are going to hum | aladuwuldarıq eseleif they are going to hum |
| Conditional, future | menduwuldarıq tül esemif I am not going to hum | senduwuldarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to hum | olduwuldarıq tül eseif he is not going to hum | bizduwuldarıq tül esekif we are not going to hum | sizduwuldarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to hum | aladuwuldarıq tül eseleif they are not going to hum |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menduwuldarıq bolsamif I were going to hum | senduwuldarıq bolsaŋif you were going to hum | olduwuldarıq bolsaif he were going to hum | bizduwuldarıq bolsaqif we were going to hum | sizduwuldarıq bolsağızif you all were going to hum | aladuwuldarıq bolsalaif they were going to hum |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menduwuldamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to hum | senduwuldamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to hum | olduwuldamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to hum | bizduwuldamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to hum | sizduwuldamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to hum | aladuwuldamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to hum |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso duwuldadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menduwulday bolurmaI must be humming | senduwulday bolursayou must be humming | olduwulday bolurhe must be humming | bizduwulday bolurbuzwe must be humming | sizduwulday bolursuzyou all must be humming | aladuwulday bolurlathey must be humming |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menduwuldamay bolurmaI must not be humming | senduwuldamay bolursayou must not be humming | olduwuldamay bolurhe must not be humming | bizduwuldamay bolurbuzwe must not be humming | sizduwuldamay bolursuzyou all must not be humming | aladuwuldamay bolurlathey must not be humming |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menduwulday tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of humming | senduwulday tura bolursayou must be in the middle of humming | olduwulday tura bolurhe must be in the middle of humming | bizduwulday tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of humming | sizduwulday tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of humming | aladuwulday tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of humming |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menduwuldamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not humming | senduwuldamay tura bolursayou must keep on not humming | olduwuldamay tura bolurhe must keep on not humming | bizduwuldamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not humming | sizduwuldamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not humming | aladuwuldamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not humming |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menduwuldağan bolurmaI must have hummed | senduwuldağan bolursayou must have hummed | olduwuldağan bolurhe must have hummed | bizduwuldağan bolurbuzwe must have hummed | sizduwuldağan bolursuzyou all must have hummed | aladuwuldağan bolurlathey must have hummed |
| Inference (must have) | menduwuldamağan bolurmaI must not have hummed | senduwuldamağan bolursayou must not have hummed | olduwuldamağan bolurhe must not have hummed | bizduwuldamağan bolurbuzwe must not have hummed | sizduwuldamağan bolursuzyou all must not have hummed | aladuwuldamağan bolurlathey must not have hummed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menduwuldarıq bolurmaI must be going to hum | senduwuldarıq bolursayou must be going to hum | olduwuldarıq bolurhe must be going to hum | bizduwuldarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to hum | sizduwuldarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to hum | aladuwuldarıq bolurlathey must be going to hum |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menduwuldamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to hum | senduwuldamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to hum | olduwuldamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to hum | bizduwuldamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to hum | sizduwuldamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to hum | aladuwuldamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to hum |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menduwuldayımlet me hum | senduwulda!hum! | olduwuldasınlet him hum | bizduwuldayıqlet's hum | sizduwuldağız!hum, you all! | aladuwuldasınlalet them hum |
| Commands & suggestions | menduwuldamayımlet me not hum | senduwuldama!don't hum! | olduwuldamasınlet him not hum | bizduwuldamayıqlet's not hum | sizduwuldamağız!don't hum, you all! | aladuwuldamasınlalet them not hum |
| Commands & suggestions | menduwuldayımmı?shall I hum? | olduwuldasınmı?should he hum? | bizduwuldayıqmı?shall we hum? | aladuwuldasınlamı?should they hum? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menduwuldamayımmı?shall I not hum? | olduwuldamasınmı?should he not hum? | bizduwuldamayıqmı?shall we not hum? | aladuwuldamasınlamı?should they not hum? | ||
| Requests | senduwuldaçı2duwuldaçınplease hum | olduwuldasınçıdo let him hum | sizduwuldaçığızplease hum (plural/polite) | aladuwuldasınlaçıdo let them hum | ||
| Requests | senduwuldamaçı2duwuldamaçınplease don't hum | olduwuldamasınçıdo let him not hum | sizduwuldamaçığızplease don't hum (plural/polite) | aladuwuldamasınlaçıdo let them not hum | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senduwuldağınduwuldağımay you hum | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senduwuldamağınduwuldamağımay you not hum | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menduwuldağay edim duwuldağa edimwould that I hummed | senduwuldağay ediŋ duwuldağa ediŋwould that you hummed | olduwuldağay edi duwuldağa ediwould that he hummed | bizduwuldağay edik duwuldağa edikwould that we hummed | sizduwuldağay edigiz duwuldağa edigizwould that you all hummed | aladuwuldağay edile duwuldağa edilewould that they hummed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menduwuldamağay edim duwuldamağa edimwould that I did not hum | senduwuldamağay ediŋ duwuldamağa ediŋwould that you did not hum | olduwuldamağay edi duwuldamağa ediwould that he did not hum | bizduwuldamağay edik duwuldamağa edikwould that we did not hum | sizduwuldamağay edigiz duwuldamağa edigizwould that you all did not hum | aladuwuldamağay edile duwuldamağa edilewould that they did not hum |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menduwuldamağa qoyayımduwuldama qoyayımlet me allow someone to hum | senduwuldamağa qoy!duwuldama qoy!let someone hum! | olduwuldamağa qoysunduwuldama qoysunlet him allow someone to hum | bizduwuldamağa qoyayıqduwuldama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to hum | sizduwuldamağa qoyuğuz!duwuldama qoyuğuz!let someone hum, you all! | aladuwuldamağa qoysunladuwuldama qoysunlalet them allow someone to hum |
| Let someone… (commands) | menduwuldamağa qoymayımduwuldama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to hum | senduwuldamağa qoyma!duwuldama qoyma!don't let someone hum! | olduwuldamağa qoymasınduwuldama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to hum | bizduwuldamağa qoymayıqduwuldama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to hum | sizduwuldamağa qoymağız!duwuldama qoymağız!don't let someone hum, you all! | aladuwuldamağa qoymasınladuwuldama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to hum |
| Let someone… (commands) | menduwuldamağa qoyayımmı?duwuldama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to hum? | olduwuldamağa qoysunmu?duwuldama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to hum? | bizduwuldamağa qoyayıqmı?duwuldama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to hum? | aladuwuldamağa qoysunlamı?duwuldama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to hum? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menduwuldamağa qoymayımmı?duwuldama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to hum? | olduwuldamağa qoymasınmı?duwuldama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to hum? | bizduwuldamağa qoymayıqmı?duwuldama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to hum? | aladuwuldamağa qoymasınlamı?duwuldama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to hum? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menduwuldamağa qoyamaduwuldama qoyamaI allow someone to hum | senduwuldamağa qoyasaduwuldama qoyasayou allow someone to hum | olduwuldamağa qoyadıduwuldama qoyadıhe allows someone to hum | bizduwuldamağa qoyabızduwuldama qoyabızwe allow someone to hum | sizduwuldamağa qoyasızduwuldama qoyasızyou all allow someone to hum | aladuwuldamağa qoyadıladuwuldama qoyadılathey allow someone to hum |
| Let someone… (present) | menduwuldamağa qoymaymaduwuldama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to hum | senduwuldamağa qoymaysaduwuldama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to hum | olduwuldamağa qoymaydıduwuldama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to hum | bizduwuldamağa qoymaybızduwuldama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to hum | sizduwuldamağa qoymaysızduwuldama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to hum | aladuwuldamağa qoymaydıladuwuldama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to hum |
| Let someone… (present) | menduwuldamağa qoyamamı?duwuldama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to hum? | senduwuldamağa qoyamısa?duwuldama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to hum? | olduwuldamağa qoyamıdı?duwuldama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to hum? | bizduwuldamağa qoyabızmı?duwuldama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to hum? | sizduwuldamağa qoyamısız?duwuldama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to hum? | aladuwuldamağa qoyamıdıla?duwuldama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to hum? |
| Let someone… (present) | menduwuldamağa qoymaymamı?duwuldama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to hum? | senduwuldamağa qoymaymısa?duwuldama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to hum? | olduwuldamağa qoymaymıdı?duwuldama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to hum? | bizduwuldamağa qoymaybızmı?duwuldama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to hum? | sizduwuldamağa qoymaymısız?duwuldama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to hum? | aladuwuldamağa qoymaymıdıla?duwuldama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to hum? |
| Let someone… (past) | menduwuldamağa qoydumduwuldama qoydumI allowed someone to hum | senduwuldamağa qoyduŋduwuldama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to hum | olduwuldamağa qoyduduwuldama qoyduhe allowed someone to hum | bizduwuldamağa qoyduqduwuldama qoyduqwe allowed someone to hum | sizduwuldamağa qoyduğuzduwuldama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to hum | aladuwuldamağa qoyduladuwuldama qoydulathey allowed someone to hum |
| Let someone… (past) | menduwuldamağa qoymadımduwuldama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to hum | senduwuldamağa qoymadıŋduwuldama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to hum | olduwuldamağa qoymadıduwuldama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to hum | bizduwuldamağa qoymadıqduwuldama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to hum | sizduwuldamağa qoymadığızduwuldama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to hum | aladuwuldamağa qoymadıladuwuldama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to hum |
| Let someone… (past) | menduwuldamağa qoydummu?duwuldama qoydummu?did I allow someone to hum? | senduwuldamağa qoyduŋmu?duwuldama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to hum? | olduwuldamağa qoydumu?duwuldama qoydumu?did he allow someone to hum? | bizduwuldamağa qoyduqmu?duwuldama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to hum? | sizduwuldamağa qoyduğuzmu?duwuldama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to hum? | aladuwuldamağa qoydulamı?duwuldama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to hum? |
| Let someone… (past) | menduwuldamağa qoymadımmı?duwuldama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to hum? | senduwuldamağa qoymadıŋmı?duwuldama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to hum? | olduwuldamağa qoymadımı?duwuldama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to hum? | bizduwuldamağa qoymadıqmı?duwuldama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to hum? | sizduwuldamağa qoymadığızmı?duwuldama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to hum? | aladuwuldamağa qoymadılamı?duwuldama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to hum? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
duwuldayalırğa be able to hum · duwuldayalmazğa be unable to hum
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menduwuldayalamaI can hum | senduwuldayalasayou can hum | olduwuldayaladıhe can hum | bizduwuldayalabızwe can hum | sizduwuldayalasızyou all can hum | aladuwuldayaladılathey can hum |
| Ability — present | menduwuldayalmaymaI can't hum | senduwuldayalmaysayou can't hum | olduwuldayalmaydıhe can't hum | bizduwuldayalmaybızwe can't hum | sizduwuldayalmaysızyou all can't hum | aladuwuldayalmaydılathey can't hum |
| Ability — present | menduwuldayalamamı? duwuldayalamıma?can I hum? | senduwuldayalamısa?can you hum? | olduwuldayalamıdı?can he hum? | bizduwuldayalabızmı? duwuldayalamıbız?can we hum? | sizduwuldayalamısız?can you all hum? | aladuwuldayalamıdıla?can they hum? |
| Ability — present | menduwuldayalmaymamı? duwuldayalmaymıma?can't I hum? | senduwuldayalmaymısa?can't you hum? | olduwuldayalmaymıdı?can't he hum? | bizduwuldayalmaybızmı? duwuldayalmaymıbız?can't we hum? | sizduwuldayalmaymısız?can't you all hum? | aladuwuldayalmaymıdıla?can't they hum? |
| Ability — if I can… | menduwuldayalsamif I can hum | senduwuldayalsaŋif you can hum | olduwuldayalsaif he can hum | bizduwuldayalsaqif we can hum | sizduwuldayalsağızif you all can hum | aladuwuldayalsalaif they can hum |
| Ability — if I can… | menduwuldayalmasamif I can't hum | senduwuldayalmasaŋif you can't hum | olduwuldayalmasaif he can't hum | bizduwuldayalmasaqif we can't hum | sizduwuldayalmasağızif you all can't hum | aladuwuldayalmasalaif they can't hum |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menduwuldayaldımI was able to hum | senduwuldayaldıŋyou were able to hum | olduwuldayaldıhe was able to hum | bizduwuldayaldıqwe were able to hum | sizduwuldayaldığızyou all were able to hum | aladuwuldayaldılathey were able to hum |
| Ability — simple past | menduwuldayalmadımI could not hum | senduwuldayalmadıŋyou could not hum | olduwuldayalmadıhe could not hum | bizduwuldayalmadıqwe could not hum | sizduwuldayalmadığızyou all could not hum | aladuwuldayalmadılathey could not hum |
| Ability — simple past | menduwuldayaldımmı?was I able to hum? | senduwuldayaldıŋmı?were you able to hum? | olduwuldayaldımı?was he able to hum? | bizduwuldayaldıqmı?were we able to hum? | sizduwuldayaldığızmı?were you all able to hum? | aladuwuldayaldılamı?were they able to hum? |
| Ability — simple past | menduwuldayalmadımmı?couldn't I hum? | senduwuldayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you hum? | olduwuldayalmadımı?couldn't he hum? | bizduwuldayalmadıqmı?couldn't we hum? | sizduwuldayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all hum? | aladuwuldayalmadılamı?couldn't they hum? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menduwuldayalğanmaI have been able to hum | senduwuldayalğansayou have been able to hum | olduwuldayalğandıhe has been able to hum | bizduwuldayalğanbızwe have been able to hum | sizduwuldayalğansızyou all have been able to hum | aladuwuldayalğandılathey have been able to hum |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menduwuldayalmağanmaI haven't been able to hum | senduwuldayalmağansayou haven't been able to hum | olduwuldayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to hum | bizduwuldayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to hum | sizduwuldayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to hum | aladuwuldayalmağandılathey haven't been able to hum |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menduwuldayalğanmamı? duwuldayalğanmıma?have I been able to hum? | senduwuldayalğanmısa?have you been able to hum? | olduwuldayalğanmıdı?has he been able to hum? | bizduwuldayalğanbızmı? duwuldayalğanmıbız?have we been able to hum? | sizduwuldayalğanmısız?have you all been able to hum? | aladuwuldayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to hum? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menduwuldayalmağanmamı? duwuldayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to hum? | senduwuldayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to hum? | olduwuldayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to hum? | bizduwuldayalmağanbızmı? duwuldayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to hum? | sizduwuldayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to hum? | aladuwuldayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to hum? |
| Ability — past perfect | menduwuldayalğan edimduwuldayalğanemI had been able to hum | senduwuldayalğan ediŋduwuldayalğaneŋyou had been able to hum | olduwuldayalğan ediduwuldayalğanedhe had been able to hum | bizduwuldayalğan edikduwuldayalğanekwe had been able to hum | sizduwuldayalğan edigizduwuldayalğanegizyou all had been able to hum | aladuwuldayalğan edileduwuldayalğanellethey had been able to hum |
| Ability — past perfect | menduwuldayalmağan edimduwuldayalmağanemI hadn't been able to hum | senduwuldayalmağan ediŋduwuldayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to hum | olduwuldayalmağan ediduwuldayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to hum | bizduwuldayalmağan edikduwuldayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to hum | sizduwuldayalmağan edigizduwuldayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to hum | aladuwuldayalmağan edileduwuldayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to hum |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menduwuldayala edimduwuldayalaemI could hum | senduwuldayala ediŋduwuldayalaeŋyou could hum | olduwuldayala ediduwuldayalaedhe could hum | bizduwuldayala edikduwuldayalaekwe could hum | sizduwuldayala edigizduwuldayalaegizyou all could hum | aladuwuldayala edileduwuldayalaellethey could hum |
| Ability — past background | menduwuldayalmay edimduwuldayalmayemI could not hum | senduwuldayalmay ediŋduwuldayalmayeŋyou could not hum | olduwuldayalmay ediduwuldayalmayedhe could not hum | bizduwuldayalmay edikduwuldayalmayekwe could not hum | sizduwuldayalmay edigizduwuldayalmayegizyou all could not hum | aladuwuldayalmay edileduwuldayalmayellethey could not hum |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menduwuldayalırmaI will be able to hum | senduwuldayalırsayou will be able to hum | olduwuldayalırhe will be able to hum | bizduwuldayalırbızwe will be able to hum | sizduwuldayalırsızyou all will be able to hum | aladuwuldayalırlathey will be able to hum |
| Ability — future I | menduwuldayalmazmaI won't be able to hum | senduwuldayalmazsayou won't be able to hum | olduwuldayalmazhe won't be able to hum | bizduwuldayalmazbızwe won't be able to hum | sizduwuldayalmazsızyou all won't be able to hum | aladuwuldayalmazlathey won't be able to hum |
| Ability — future I | menduwuldayalırmamı? duwuldayalırmıma?will I be able to hum? | senduwuldayalırmısa?will you be able to hum? | olduwuldayalırmı?will he be able to hum? | bizduwuldayalırbızmı? duwuldayalırmıbız?will we be able to hum? | sizduwuldayalırmısız?will you all be able to hum? | aladuwuldayalırlamı? duwuldayalırmıla?will they be able to hum? |
| Ability — future I | menduwuldayalmazmamı? duwuldayalmazmıma?won't I be able to hum? | senduwuldayalmazmısa?won't you be able to hum? | olduwuldayalmazmı?won't he be able to hum? | bizduwuldayalmazbızmı? duwuldayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to hum? | sizduwuldayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to hum? | aladuwuldayalmazlamı? duwuldayalmazmıla?won't they be able to hum? |
| Ability — future II | menduwuldayallıqmaI am going to be able to hum | senduwuldayallıqsayou are going to be able to hum | olduwuldayallıqdıhe is going to be able to hum | bizduwuldayallıqbızwe are going to be able to hum | sizduwuldayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to hum | aladuwuldayallıqdılathey are going to be able to hum |
| Ability — future II | menduwuldayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to hum | senduwuldayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to hum | olduwuldayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to hum | bizduwuldayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to hum | sizduwuldayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to hum | aladuwuldayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to hum |
| Ability — future II | menduwuldayallıqmamı? duwuldayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to hum? | senduwuldayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to hum? | olduwuldayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to hum? | bizduwuldayallıqbızmı? duwuldayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to hum? | sizduwuldayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to hum? | aladuwuldayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to hum? |
| Ability — future II | menduwuldayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to hum? | senduwuldayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to hum? | olduwuldayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to hum? | bizduwuldayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to hum? | sizduwuldayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to hum? | aladuwuldayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to hum? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menduwuldayalır edimduwuldayalır emI would be able to hum | senduwuldayalır ediŋduwuldayalır eŋyou would be able to hum | olduwuldayalır ediduwuldayalır edhe would be able to hum | bizduwuldayalır edikduwuldayalır ekwe would be able to hum | sizduwuldayalır edigizduwuldayalır egizyou all would be able to hum | aladuwuldayalır edileduwuldayalır ellethey would be able to hum |
| Ability — would be able to… | menduwuldayalmaz edimduwuldayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to hum | senduwuldayalmaz ediŋduwuldayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to hum | olduwuldayalmaz ediduwuldayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to hum | bizduwuldayalmaz edikduwuldayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to hum | sizduwuldayalmaz edigizduwuldayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to hum | aladuwuldayalmaz edileduwuldayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to hum |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senduwuldayalğınduwuldayalğımay you be able to hum | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senduwuldayalmağınduwuldayalmağımay you not be able to hum | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menduwuldarğa izleymeI want to hum | senduwuldarğa izleyseyou want to hum | olduwuldarğa izleydihe wants to hum | bizduwuldarğa izleybizwe want to hum | sizduwuldarğa izleysizyou all want to hum | aladuwuldarğa izleydilethey want to hum |
| want to | menduwuldarğa izlemeymeI do not want to hum | senduwuldarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to hum | olduwuldarğa izlemeydihe does not want to hum | bizduwuldarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to hum | sizduwuldarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to hum | aladuwuldarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to hum |
| would like to | menduwuldarğa süemeI would like to hum | senduwuldarğa süeseyou would like to hum | olduwuldarğa süedihe would like to hum | bizduwuldarğa süebizwe would like to hum | sizduwuldarğa süesizyou all would like to hum | aladuwuldarğa süedilethey would like to hum |
| would like to | menduwuldarğa süymeymeI would not like to hum | senduwuldarğa süymeyseyou would not like to hum | olduwuldarğa süymeydihe would not like to hum | bizduwuldarğa süymeybizwe would not like to hum | sizduwuldarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to hum | aladuwuldarğa süymeydilethey would not like to hum |
| hope to | menduwuldarğa umutlanamaI hope to hum | senduwuldarğa umutlanasayou hope to hum | olduwuldarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to hum | bizduwuldarğa umutlanabızwe hope to hum | sizduwuldarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to hum | aladuwuldarğa umutlanadılathey hope to hum |
| hope to | menduwuldarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to hum | senduwuldarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to hum | olduwuldarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to hum | bizduwuldarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to hum | sizduwuldarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to hum | aladuwuldarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to hum |
| be about to | menduwuldarğa deb turamaI am about to hum | senduwuldarğa deb turasayou are about to hum | olduwuldarğa deb turadıhe is about to hum | bizduwuldarğa deb turabızwe are about to hum | sizduwuldarğa deb turasızyou all are about to hum | aladuwuldarğa deb turadılathey are about to hum |
| be about to | menduwuldarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to hum | senduwuldarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to hum | olduwuldarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to hum | bizduwuldarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to hum | sizduwuldarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to hum | aladuwuldarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to hum |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menduwuldarğa kerekmeI need to hum | senduwuldarğa kerekseyou need to hum | olduwuldarğa kerekdihe needs to hum | bizduwuldarğa kerekbizwe need to hum | sizduwuldarğa kereksizyou all need to hum | aladuwuldarğa kerekdilethey need to hum |
| need to | menduwuldarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to hum | senduwuldarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to hum | olduwuldarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to hum | bizduwuldarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to hum | sizduwuldarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to hum | aladuwuldarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to hum |
| have to | menmenŋe duwuldarğa tüşediI have to hum | sensenŋe duwuldarğa tüşediyou have to hum | olaŋa duwuldarğa tüşedihe has to hum | bizbizge duwuldarğa tüşediwe have to hum | sizsizge duwuldarğa tüşediyou all have to hum | alaalağa duwuldarğa tüşedithey have to hum |
| have to | menmenŋe duwuldarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to hum | sensenŋe duwuldarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to hum | olaŋa duwuldarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to hum | bizbizge duwuldarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to hum | sizsizge duwuldarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to hum | alaalağa duwuldarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to hum |
| be obliged to | menduwuldarğa borçlumaI am obliged to hum | senduwuldarğa borçlusayou are obliged to hum | olduwuldarğa borçluduhe is obliged to hum | bizduwuldarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to hum | sizduwuldarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to hum | aladuwuldarğa borçludulathey are obliged to hum |
| be obliged to | menduwuldarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to hum | senduwuldarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to hum | olduwuldarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to hum | bizduwuldarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to hum | sizduwuldarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to hum | aladuwuldarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to hum |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menduwuldarğa madarım bardıI have a way to hum | senduwuldarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to hum | olduwuldarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to hum | bizduwuldarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to hum | sizduwuldarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to hum | aladuwuldarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to hum |
| have a way to | menduwuldarğa madarım joqduI have no way to hum | senduwuldarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to hum | olduwuldarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to hum | bizduwuldarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to hum | sizduwuldarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to hum | aladuwuldarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to hum |
| be free to | menduwuldarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to hum | senduwuldarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to hum | olduwuldarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to hum | bizduwuldarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to hum | sizduwuldarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to hum | aladuwuldarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to hum |
| be free to | menduwuldarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to hum | senduwuldarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to hum | olduwuldarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to hum | bizduwuldarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to hum | sizduwuldarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to hum | aladuwuldarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to hum |
| be possible to | menmenŋe duwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to hum | sensenŋe duwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to hum | olaŋa duwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to hum | bizbizge duwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to hum | sizsizge duwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to hum | alaalağa duwuldarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to hum |
| be possible to | menmenŋe duwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to hum | sensenŋe duwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to hum | olaŋa duwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to hum | bizbizge duwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to hum | sizsizge duwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to hum | alaalağa duwuldarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to hum |
| be ready to | menduwuldarğa hazırmaI am ready to hum | senduwuldarğa hazırsayou are ready to hum | olduwuldarğa hazırdıhe is ready to hum | bizduwuldarğa hazırbızwe are ready to hum | sizduwuldarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to hum | aladuwuldarğa hazırdılathey are ready to hum |
| be ready to | menduwuldarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to hum | senduwuldarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to hum | olduwuldarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to hum | bizduwuldarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to hum | sizduwuldarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to hum | aladuwuldarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to hum |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menduwuldarğa küreşemeI am trying to hum | senduwuldarğa küreşeseyou are trying to hum | olduwuldarğa küreşedihe is trying to hum | bizduwuldarğa küreşebizwe are trying to hum | sizduwuldarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to hum | aladuwuldarğa küreşedilethey are trying to hum |
| try to | menduwuldarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to hum | senduwuldarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to hum | olduwuldarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to hum | bizduwuldarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to hum | sizduwuldarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to hum | aladuwuldarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to hum |
| agree to | menduwuldarğa unaymaI agree to hum | senduwuldarğa unaysayou agree to hum | olduwuldarğa unaydıhe agrees to hum | bizduwuldarğa unaybızwe agree to hum | sizduwuldarğa unaysızyou all agree to hum | aladuwuldarğa unaydılathey agree to hum |
| agree to | menduwuldarğa unamaymaI refuse to hum | senduwuldarğa unamaysayou refuse to hum | olduwuldarğa unamaydıhe refuses to hum | bizduwuldarğa unamaybızwe refuse to hum | sizduwuldarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to hum | aladuwuldarğa unamaydılathey refuse to hum |
| hurry to | menduwuldarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to hum | senduwuldarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to hum | olduwuldarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to hum | bizduwuldarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to hum | sizduwuldarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to hum | aladuwuldarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to hum |
| hurry to | menduwuldarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to hum | senduwuldarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to hum | olduwuldarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to hum | bizduwuldarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to hum | sizduwuldarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to hum | aladuwuldarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to hum |
| be afraid to | menduwuldarğa qorqamaI am afraid to hum | senduwuldarğa qorqasayou are afraid to hum | olduwuldarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to hum | bizduwuldarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to hum | sizduwuldarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to hum | aladuwuldarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to hum |
| be afraid to | menduwuldarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to hum | senduwuldarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to hum | olduwuldarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to hum | bizduwuldarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to hum | sizduwuldarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to hum | aladuwuldarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to hum |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menduwulday bolmazmaI can't be humming | senduwulday bolmazsayou can't be humming | olduwulday bolmazhe can't be humming | bizduwulday bolmazbızwe can't be humming | sizduwulday bolmazsızyou all can't be humming | aladuwulday bolmazlathey can't be humming |
| Inference, present — double negation | menduwuldamay bolmazmaI must be humming (emphatic) | senduwuldamay bolmazsayou must be humming (emphatic) | olduwuldamay bolmazhe must be humming (emphatic) | bizduwuldamay bolmazbızwe must be humming (emphatic) | sizduwuldamay bolmazsızyou all must be humming (emphatic) | aladuwuldamay bolmazlathey must be humming (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menduwulday turmasamif I don't keep humming | senduwulday turmasaŋif you don't keep humming | olduwulday turmasaif he doesn't keep humming | bizduwulday turmasaqif we don't keep humming | sizduwulday turmasağızif you all don't keep humming | aladuwulday turmasalaif they don't keep humming |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menduwulday tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of humming | senduwulday tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of humming | olduwulday tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of humming | bizduwulday tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of humming | sizduwulday tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of humming | aladuwulday tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of humming |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menduwuldamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not humming (emphatic) | senduwuldamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not humming (emphatic) | olduwuldamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not humming (emphatic) | bizduwuldamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not humming (emphatic) | sizduwuldamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not humming (emphatic) | aladuwuldamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not humming (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menduwuldamay turamaI keep on not humming | senduwuldamay turasayou keep on not humming | olduwuldamay turadıhe keeps on not humming | bizduwuldamay turabızwe keep on not humming | sizduwuldamay turasızyou all keep on not humming | aladuwuldamay turadılathey keep on not humming |
| Progressive — double negation | menduwuldamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not humming | senduwuldamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not humming | olduwuldamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not humming | bizduwuldamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not humming | sizduwuldamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not humming | aladuwuldamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not humming |
| Progressive — double negation | menduwuldamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not humming? | senduwuldamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not humming? | olduwuldamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not humming? | bizduwuldamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not humming? | sizduwuldamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not humming? | aladuwuldamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not humming? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menduwuldağan bolmazmaI can't have hummed | senduwuldağan bolmazsayou can't have hummed | olduwuldağan bolmazhe can't have hummed | bizduwuldağan bolmazbızwe can't have hummed | sizduwuldağan bolmazsızyou all can't have hummed | aladuwuldağan bolmazlathey can't have hummed |
| Inference — double negation | menduwuldamağan bolmazmaI must have hummed (emphatic) | senduwuldamağan bolmazsayou must have hummed (emphatic) | olduwuldamağan bolmazhe must have hummed (emphatic) | bizduwuldamağan bolmazbızwe must have hummed (emphatic) | sizduwuldamağan bolmazsızyou all must have hummed (emphatic) | aladuwuldamağan bolmazlathey must have hummed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menduwuldağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had hummed | senduwuldağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had hummed | olduwuldağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had hummed | bizduwuldağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had hummed | sizduwuldağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had hummed | aladuwuldağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had hummed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menduwuldamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't hummed | senduwuldamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't hummed | olduwuldamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't hummed | bizduwuldamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't hummed | sizduwuldamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't hummed | aladuwuldamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't hummed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menduwuldarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to hum | senduwuldarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to hum | olduwuldarıq bolmazhe can't be going to hum | bizduwuldarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to hum | sizduwuldarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to hum | aladuwuldarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to hum |
| Inference, future — double negation | menduwuldamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to hum (emphatic) | senduwuldamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to hum (emphatic) | olduwuldamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to hum (emphatic) | bizduwuldamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to hum (emphatic) | sizduwuldamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to hum (emphatic) | aladuwuldamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to hum (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menduwuldarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to hum | senduwuldarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to hum | olduwuldarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to hum | bizduwuldarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to hum | sizduwuldarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to hum | aladuwuldarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to hum |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menduwuldamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to hum | senduwuldamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to hum | olduwuldamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to hum | bizduwuldamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to hum | sizduwuldamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to hum | aladuwuldamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to hum |