urunurğa
/urunurʁa/
1. work, toil, labor
- urunub jaşarğa — to live by one's labor
- urunub jaşağan halq — a people living by their labor
- jiger urunurğa — to work energetically
- biz birge urunabız — we work together
- ol köb urunŋandı — he has worked a lot
- urunmağan toyunmaz — he who does not work will not be full
2. produce, raise, grow, work at something — The thing worked at, produced or raised stands in the dative, as in malğa urunurğa 'raise livestock'.
- malğa urunabız — we raise livestock
- jerge urunurğa — to work the land
- malğa urunurğa küreşebiz — we strive to raise livestock
- ol köb jıl malğa urundu — he raised livestock for many years
- jerge urunub jaşaydıla — they live by working the land
- köb ömürleden beri malğa urunadı — has been raising livestock for many centuries
- işge urunurğa — to set to work
3. look over, ask the price, haggle — Used of sizing up goods and bargaining over them before buying. one source
- urunub körürge — to ask the price of something
- bağa edi da, urunmadım — it was dear, so I did not even haggle
- bazarda urunurğa — to haggle at the market
Expressions
- közüne urunurğa — catch one's eye
Conjugation
Common forms
- urunadıhe is working
- urunduhe worked
- urunŋandıhe has worked
- urunurhe will work
- urunnuqduhe is going to work
- uruna edihe was working
- urunsaif he works
- urun!work!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menurunamaI am working | senurunasayou are working | olurunadıhe is working | bizurunabızwe are working | sizurunasızyou all are working | alaurunadılathey are working |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menurunmaymaI am not working | senurunmaysayou are not working | olurunmaydıhe is not working | bizurunmaybızwe are not working | sizurunmaysızyou all are not working | alaurunmaydılathey are not working |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menurunamamı? urunamıma?am I working? | senurunamısa?are you working? | olurunamıdı?is he working? | bizurunabızmı? urunamıbız?are we working? | sizurunamısız?are you all working? | alaurunamıdıla?are they working? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menurunmaymamı? urunmaymıma?aren't I working? | senurunmaymısa?aren't you working? | olurunmaymıdı?isn't he working? | bizurunmaybızmı? urunmaymıbız?aren't we working? | sizurunmaymısız?aren't you all working? | alaurunmaymıdıla?aren't they working? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menurunuwçanmaI usually work | senurunuwçansayou usually work | olurunuwçandıhe usually works | bizurunuwçanbızwe usually work | sizurunuwçansızyou all usually work | alaurunuwçandılathey usually work |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menurunmawçanmaI usually don't work | senurunmawçansayou usually don't work | olurunmawçandıhe usually doesn't work | bizurunmawçanbızwe usually don't work | sizurunmawçansızyou all usually don't work | alaurunmawçandılathey usually don't work |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menurunuwçanmamı? urunuwçanmıma?do I usually work? | senurunuwçanmısa?do you usually work? | olurunuwçanmıdı?does he usually work? | bizurunuwçanbızmı? urunuwçanmıbız?do we usually work? | sizurunuwçanmısız?do you all usually work? | alaurunuwçanmıdıla?do they usually work? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menurunmawçanmamı? urunmawçanmıma?do I usually not work? | senurunmawçanmısa?do you usually not work? | olurunmawçanmıdı?does he usually not work? | bizurunmawçanbızmı? urunmawçanmıbız?do we usually not work? | sizurunmawçanmısız?do you all usually not work? | alaurunmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not work? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olurunubduhe has worked and remains so | alaurunubdulathey have worked and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olurunubmudu?has he worked? | alaurunubmudula?have they worked? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurunub turamaI keep working | senurunub turasayou keep working | olurunub turadıhe keeps working | bizurunub turabızwe keep working | sizurunub turasızyou all keep working | alaurunub turadılathey keep working |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurunub turmaymaI don't keep working | senurunub turmaysayou don't keep working | olurunub turmaydıhe doesn't keep working | bizurunub turmaybızwe don't keep working | sizurunub turmaysızyou all don't keep working | alaurunub turmaydılathey don't keep working |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurunub turamamı? urunub turamıma?do I keep working? | senurunub turamısa?do you keep working? | olurunub turamıdı?does he keep working? | bizurunub turabızmı? urunub turamıbız?do we keep working? | sizurunub turamısız?do you all keep working? | alaurunub turamıdıla?do they keep working? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menurunub turmaymamı? urunub turmaymıma?don't I keep working? | senurunub turmaymısa?don't you keep working? | olurunub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep working? | bizurunub turmaybızmı? urunub turmaymıbız?don't we keep working? | sizurunub turmaymısız?don't you all keep working? | alaurunub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep working? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuruna turamaI am in the middle of working | senuruna turasayou are in the middle of working | oluruna turadıhe is in the middle of working | bizuruna turabızwe are in the middle of working | sizuruna turasızyou all are in the middle of working | alauruna turadılathey are in the middle of working |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuruna turmaymaI am not in the middle of working | senuruna turmaysayou are not in the middle of working | oluruna turmaydıhe is not in the middle of working | bizuruna turmaybızwe are not in the middle of working | sizuruna turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of working | alauruna turmaydılathey are not in the middle of working |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuruna turamamı? uruna turamıma?am I in the middle of working? | senuruna turamısa?are you in the middle of working? | oluruna turamıdı?is he in the middle of working? | bizuruna turabızmı? uruna turamıbız?are we in the middle of working? | sizuruna turamısız?are you all in the middle of working? | alauruna turamıdıla?are they in the middle of working? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuruna turmaymamı? uruna turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of working? | senuruna turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of working? | oluruna turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of working? | bizuruna turmaybızmı? uruna turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of working? | sizuruna turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of working? | alauruna turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of working? |
| Simple past (definite) | menurundumI worked | senurunduŋyou worked | olurunduhe worked | bizurunduqwe worked | sizurunduğuzyou all worked | alaurundulathey worked |
| Simple past (definite) | menurunmadımI didn't work | senurunmadıŋyou didn't work | olurunmadıhe didn't work | bizurunmadıqwe didn't work | sizurunmadığızyou all didn't work | alaurunmadılathey didn't work |
| Simple past (definite) | menurundummu?did I work? | senurunduŋmu?did you work? | olurundumu?did he work? | bizurunduqmu?did we work? | sizurunduğuzmu?did you all work? | alaurundulamı?did they work? |
| Simple past (definite) | menurunmadımmı?didn't I work? | senurunmadıŋmı?didn't you work? | olurunmadımı?didn't he work? | bizurunmadıqmı?didn't we work? | sizurunmadığızmı?didn't you all work? | alaurunmadılamı?didn't they work? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurunŋanmaI have worked | senurunŋansayou have worked | olurunŋandıhe has worked | bizurunŋanbızwe have worked | sizurunŋansızyou all have worked | alaurunŋandılathey have worked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurunmağanmaI haven't worked | senurunmağansayou haven't worked | olurunmağandıhe hasn't worked | bizurunmağanbızwe haven't worked | sizurunmağansızyou all haven't worked | alaurunmağandılathey haven't worked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurunŋanmamı? urunŋanmıma?have I worked? | senurunŋanmısa?have you worked? | olurunŋanmıdı?has he worked? | bizurunŋanbızmı? urunŋanmıbız?have we worked? | sizurunŋanmısız?have you all worked? | alaurunŋanmıdıla?have they worked? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menurunmağanmamı? urunmağanmıma?haven't I worked? | senurunmağanmısa?haven't you worked? | olurunmağanmıdı?hasn't he worked? | bizurunmağanbızmı? urunmağanmıbız?haven't we worked? | sizurunmağanmısız?haven't you all worked? | alaurunmağanmıdıla?haven't they worked? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menurunub turdumI kept working | senurunub turduŋyou kept working | olurunub turduhe kept working | bizurunub turduqwe kept working | sizurunub turduğuzyou all kept working | alaurunub turdulathey kept working |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menurunub turmadımI didn't keep working | senurunub turmadıŋyou didn't keep working | olurunub turmadıhe didn't keep working | bizurunub turmadıqwe didn't keep working | sizurunub turmadığızyou all didn't keep working | alaurunub turmadılathey didn't keep working |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menurunurmaI will work | senurunursayou will work | olurunurhe will work | bizurunurbuzwe will work | sizurunursuzyou all will work | alaurunurlathey will work |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menurunmazmaI won't work | senurunmazsayou won't work | olurunmazhe won't work | bizurunmazbızwe won't work | sizurunmazsızyou all won't work | alaurunmazlathey won't work |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menurunurmamı? urunurmuma?will I work? | senurunurmusa?will you work? | olurunurmu?will he work? | bizurunurbuzmu? urunurmubuz?will we work? | sizurunurmusuz?will you all work? | alaurunurlamı? urunurmula?will they work? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menurunmazmamı? urunmazmıma?won't I work? | senurunmazmısa?won't you work? | olurunmazmı?won't he work? | bizurunmazbızmı? urunmazmıbız?won't we work? | sizurunmazmısız?won't you all work? | alaurunmazlamı? urunmazmıla?won't they work? |
| Definite future (future II) | menurunnuqma1urunuruqmaI am going to work | senurunnuqsa1urunuruqsayou are going to work | olurunnuqdu1urunuruqduhe is going to work | bizurunnuqbuz1urunuruqbuzwe are going to work | sizurunnuqsuz1urunuruqsuzyou all are going to work | alaurunnuqdula1urunuruqdulathey are going to work |
| Definite future (future II) | menurunnuq tülme1urunuruq tülmeI am not going to work | senurunnuq tülse1urunuruq tülseyou are not going to work | olurunnuq tüldü1urunuruq tüldühe is not going to work | bizurunnuq tülbüz1urunuruq tülbüzwe are not going to work | sizurunnuq tülsüz1urunuruq tülsüzyou all are not going to work | alaurunnuq tüldüle1urunuruq tüldülethey are not going to work |
| Definite future (future II) | menurunnuqmamı?1 urunnuqmuma?urunuruqmamı?am I going to work? | senurunnuqmusa?1urunuruqmusa?are you going to work? | olurunnuqmudu?1urunuruqmudu?is he going to work? | bizurunnuqbuzmu?1 urunnuqmubuz?urunuruqbuzmu?are we going to work? | sizurunnuqmusuz?1urunuruqmusuz?are you all going to work? | alaurunnuqmudula?1urunuruqmudula?are they going to work? |
| Definite future (future II) | menurunnuq tülmüme?1urunuruq tülmüme?aren't I going to work? | senurunnuq tülmüse?1urunuruq tülmüse?aren't you going to work? | olurunnuq tülmüdü?1urunuruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to work? | bizurunnuq tülmübüz?1urunuruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to work? | sizurunnuq tülmüsüz?1urunuruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to work? | alaurunnuq tülmüdüle?1urunuruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to work? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so urunuruqdu
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menurunŋan edimurunŋanemI had worked | senurunŋan ediŋurunŋaneŋyou had worked | olurunŋan ediurunŋanedhe had worked | bizurunŋan edikurunŋanekwe had worked | sizurunŋan edigizurunŋanegizyou all had worked | alaurunŋan edileurunŋanellethey had worked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menurunmağan edimurunmağanemI hadn't worked | senurunmağan ediŋurunmağaneŋyou hadn't worked | olurunmağan ediurunmağanedhe hadn't worked | bizurunmağan edikurunmağanekwe hadn't worked | sizurunmağan edigizurunmağanegizyou all hadn't worked | alaurunmağan edileurunmağanellethey hadn't worked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menuruna edimurunaemI was working | senuruna ediŋurunaeŋyou were working | oluruna ediurunaedhe was working | bizuruna edikurunaekwe were working | sizuruna edigizurunaegizyou all were working | alauruna edileurunaellethey were working |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menurunmay edimurunmayemI wasn't working | senurunmay ediŋurunmayeŋyou weren't working | olurunmay ediurunmayedhe wasn't working | bizurunmay edikurunmayekwe weren't working | sizurunmay edigizurunmayegizyou all weren't working | alaurunmay edileurunmayellethey weren't working |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menurunuwçan edimurunuwçanemI used to work | senurunuwçan ediŋurunuwçaneŋyou used to work | olurunuwçan ediurunuwçanedhe used to work | bizurunuwçan edikurunuwçanekwe used to work | sizurunuwçan edigizurunuwçanegizyou all used to work | alaurunuwçan edileurunuwçanellethey used to work |
| Habitual past (used to) | menurunmawçan edimurunmawçanemI didn't use to work | senurunmawçan ediŋurunmawçaneŋyou didn't use to work | olurunmawçan ediurunmawçanedhe didn't use to work | bizurunmawçan edikurunmawçanekwe didn't use to work | sizurunmawçan edigizurunmawçanegizyou all didn't use to work | alaurunmawçan edileurunmawçanellethey didn't use to work |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olurunub edihe had worked and remained so | alaurunub edilethey had worked and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olurunub tül edihe hadn't worked | alaurunub tül edilethey hadn't worked | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menurunub tura edimurunub turaemI had kept working | senurunub tura ediŋurunub turaeŋyou had kept working | olurunub tura ediurunub turaedhe had kept working | bizurunub tura edikurunub turaekwe had kept working | sizurunub tura edigizurunub turaegizyou all had kept working | alaurunub tura edileurunub turaellethey had kept working |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menurunub turmay edimurunub turmayemI hadn't kept working | senurunub turmay ediŋurunub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept working | olurunub turmay ediurunub turmayedhe hadn't kept working | bizurunub turmay edikurunub turmayekwe hadn't kept working | sizurunub turmay edigizurunub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept working | alaurunub turmay edileurunub turmayellethey hadn't kept working |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuruna tura edimuruna turaemI was in the middle of working | senuruna tura ediŋuruna turaeŋyou were in the middle of working | oluruna tura ediuruna turaedhe was in the middle of working | bizuruna tura edikuruna turaekwe were in the middle of working | sizuruna tura edigizuruna turaegizyou all were in the middle of working | alauruna tura edileuruna turaellethey were in the middle of working |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuruna turmay edimuruna turmayemI wasn't in the middle of working | senuruna turmay ediŋuruna turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of working | oluruna turmay ediuruna turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of working | bizuruna turmay edikuruna turmayekwe weren't in the middle of working | sizuruna turmay edigizuruna turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of working | alauruna turmay edileuruna turmayellethey weren't in the middle of working |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menurunur edimurunur emI would work | senurunur ediŋurunur eŋyou would work | olurunur ediurunur edhe would work | bizurunur edikurunur ekwe would work | sizurunur edigizurunur egizyou all would work | alaurunur edileurunur ellethey would work |
| Conditional result (would) | menurunmaz edimurunmaz emI wouldn't work | senurunmaz ediŋurunmaz eŋyou wouldn't work | olurunmaz ediurunmaz edhe wouldn't work | bizurunmaz edikurunmaz ekwe wouldn't work | sizurunmaz edigizurunmaz egizyou all wouldn't work | alaurunmaz edileurunmaz ellethey wouldn't work |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menurunnuq edim2urunnuq emurunuruq edimI would have worked | senurunnuq ediŋ2urunnuq eŋurunuruq ediŋyou would have worked | olurunnuq edi2urunnuq edurunuruq edihe would have worked | bizurunnuq edik2urunnuq ekurunuruq edikwe would have worked | sizurunnuq edigiz2urunnuq egizurunuruq edigizyou all would have worked | alaurunnuq edile2urunnuq elleurunuruq edilethey would have worked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menurunnuq tül edim2urunnuq tül emurunuruq tül edimI wouldn't have worked | senurunnuq tül ediŋ2urunnuq tül eŋurunuruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have worked | olurunnuq tül edi2urunnuq tül edurunuruq tül edihe wouldn't have worked | bizurunnuq tül edik2urunnuq tül ekurunuruq tül edikwe wouldn't have worked | sizurunnuq tül edigiz2urunnuq tül egizurunuruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have worked | alaurunnuq tül edile2urunnuq tül elleurunuruq tül edilethey wouldn't have worked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so urunuruq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menurunsamif I work | senurunsaŋif you work | olurunsaif he works | bizurunsaqif we work | sizurunsağızif you all work | alaurunsalaif they work |
| Conditional | menurunmasamif I don't work | senurunmasaŋif you don't work | olurunmasaif he doesn't work | bizurunmasaqif we don't work | sizurunmasağızif you all don't work | alaurunmasalaif they don't work |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menuruna esemif I am working | senuruna eseŋif you are working | oluruna eseif he is working | bizuruna esekif we are working | sizuruna esegizif you all are working | alauruna eseleif they are working |
| Conditional, present real | menurunmay esemif I am not working | senurunmay eseŋif you are not working | olurunmay eseif he is not working | bizurunmay esekif we are not working | sizurunmay esegizif you all are not working | alaurunmay eseleif they are not working |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menurunsam ediurunsam edif only I worked | senurunsaŋ ediurunsaŋ edif only you worked | olurunsa ediurunsaedif only he worked | bizurunsaq ediurunsaq edif only we worked | sizurunsağız ediurunsağız edif only you all worked | alaurunsala ediurunsalaedif only they worked |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menurunmasam ediurunmasam edif only I didn't work | senurunmasaŋ ediurunmasaŋ edif only you didn't work | olurunmasa ediurunmasaedif only he didn't work | bizurunmasaq ediurunmasaq edif only we didn't work | sizurunmasağız ediurunmasağız edif only you all didn't work | alaurunmasala ediurunmasalaedif only they didn't work |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menurunub tursamif I carry on working | senurunub tursaŋif you carry on working | olurunub tursaif he carries on working | bizurunub tursaqif we carry on working | sizurunub tursağızif you all carry on working | alaurunub tursalaif they carry on working |
| Durative conditional | menurunub turmasamif I don't carry on working | senurunub turmasaŋif you don't carry on working | olurunub turmasaif he doesn't carry on working | bizurunub turmasaqif we don't carry on working | sizurunub turmasağızif you all don't carry on working | alaurunub turmasalaif they don't carry on working |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menurunub tura esemif I have kept working | senurunub tura eseŋif you have kept working | olurunub tura eseif he has kept working | bizurunub tura esekif we have kept working | sizurunub tura esegizif you all have kept working | alaurunub tura eseleif they have kept working |
| Durative conditional, present real | menurunub turmay esemif I haven't kept working | senurunub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept working | olurunub turmay eseif he hasn't kept working | bizurunub turmay esekif we haven't kept working | sizurunub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept working | alaurunub turmay eseleif they haven't kept working |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menuruna tursamif I keep working | senuruna tursaŋif you keep working | oluruna tursaif he keeps working | bizuruna tursaqif we keep working | sizuruna tursağızif you all keep working | alauruna tursalaif they keep working |
| Progressive conditional | menurunmay tursamif I keep on not working | senurunmay tursaŋif you keep on not working | olurunmay tursaif he keeps on not working | bizurunmay tursaqif we keep on not working | sizurunmay tursağızif you all keep on not working | alaurunmay tursalaif they keep on not working |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menuruna tura esemif I am in the middle of working | senuruna tura eseŋif you are in the middle of working | oluruna tura eseif he is in the middle of working | bizuruna tura esekif we are in the middle of working | sizuruna tura esegizif you all are in the middle of working | alauruna tura eseleif they are in the middle of working |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menurunmay tura esemif I keep on not working | senurunmay tura eseŋif you keep on not working | olurunmay tura eseif he keeps on not working | bizurunmay tura esekif we keep on not working | sizurunmay tura esegizif you all keep on not working | alaurunmay tura eseleif they keep on not working |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menurundum esemif I worked | senurunduŋ eseŋif you worked | olurundu eseif he worked | bizurunduq esekif we worked | sizurunduğuz esegizif you all worked | alaurundula eseleif they worked |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menurunmadım esemif I didn't work | senurunmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't work | olurunmadı eseif he didn't work | bizurunmadıq esekif we didn't work | sizurunmadığız esegizif you all didn't work | alaurunmadıla eseleif they didn't work |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menurunŋan esemif I did work (indeed) | senurunŋan eseŋif you did work (indeed) | olurunŋan eseif he did work (indeed) | bizurunŋan esekif we did work (indeed) | sizurunŋan esegizif you all did work (indeed) | alaurunŋan eseleif they did work (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menurunmağan esemif I didn't work (indeed) | senurunmağan eseŋif you didn't work (indeed) | olurunmağan eseif he didn't work (indeed) | bizurunmağan esekif we didn't work (indeed) | sizurunmağan esegizif you all didn't work (indeed) | alaurunmağan eseleif they didn't work (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menurunŋan bolsamif I had worked | senurunŋan bolsaŋif you had worked | olurunŋan bolsaif he had worked | bizurunŋan bolsaqif we had worked | sizurunŋan bolsağızif you all had worked | alaurunŋan bolsalaif they had worked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menurunmağan bolsamif I hadn't worked | senurunmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't worked | olurunmağan bolsaif he hadn't worked | bizurunmağan bolsaqif we hadn't worked | sizurunmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't worked | alaurunmağan bolsalaif they hadn't worked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menurunŋan bolsam ediurunŋan bolsam edif only I had worked | senurunŋan bolsaŋ ediurunŋan bolsaŋ edif only you had worked | olurunŋan bolsa ediurunŋan bolsaedif only he had worked | bizurunŋan bolsaq ediurunŋan bolsaq edif only we had worked | sizurunŋan bolsağız ediurunŋan bolsağız edif only you all had worked | alaurunŋan bolsala ediurunŋan bolsalaedif only they had worked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menurunmağan bolsam ediurunmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't worked | senurunmağan bolsaŋ ediurunmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't worked | olurunmağan bolsa ediurunmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't worked | bizurunmağan bolsaq ediurunmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't worked | sizurunmağan bolsağız ediurunmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't worked | alaurunmağan bolsala ediurunmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't worked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menurunur esemif I will work | senurunur eseŋif you will work | olurunur eseif he will work | bizurunur esekif we will work | sizurunur esegizif you all will work | alaurunur eseleif they will work |
| Conditional, aorist | menurunmaz esemif I won't work | senurunmaz eseŋif you won't work | olurunmaz eseif he won't work | bizurunmaz esekif we won't work | sizurunmaz esegizif you all won't work | alaurunmaz eseleif they won't work |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menurunnuq esem4urunuruq esemif I am going to work | senurunnuq eseŋ4urunuruq eseŋif you are going to work | olurunnuq ese4urunuruq eseif he is going to work | bizurunnuq esek4urunuruq esekif we are going to work | sizurunnuq esegiz4urunuruq esegizif you all are going to work | alaurunnuq esele4urunuruq eseleif they are going to work |
| Conditional, future | menurunnuq tül esem4urunuruq tül esemif I am not going to work | senurunnuq tül eseŋ4urunuruq tül eseŋif you are not going to work | olurunnuq tül ese4urunuruq tül eseif he is not going to work | bizurunnuq tül esek4urunuruq tül esekif we are not going to work | sizurunnuq tül esegiz4urunuruq tül esegizif you all are not going to work | alaurunnuq tül esele4urunuruq tül eseleif they are not going to work |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menurunnuq bolsam5urunuruq bolsamif I were going to work | senurunnuq bolsaŋ5urunuruq bolsaŋif you were going to work | olurunnuq bolsa5urunuruq bolsaif he were going to work | bizurunnuq bolsaq5urunuruq bolsaqif we were going to work | sizurunnuq bolsağız5urunuruq bolsağızif you all were going to work | alaurunnuq bolsala5urunuruq bolsalaif they were going to work |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menurunmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to work | senurunmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to work | olurunmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to work | bizurunmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to work | sizurunmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to work | alaurunmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to work |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso urunduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so urunuruq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurefull form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so urunuruq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menuruna bolurmaI must be working | senuruna bolursayou must be working | oluruna bolurhe must be working | bizuruna bolurbuzwe must be working | sizuruna bolursuzyou all must be working | alauruna bolurlathey must be working |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menurunmay bolurmaI must not be working | senurunmay bolursayou must not be working | olurunmay bolurhe must not be working | bizurunmay bolurbuzwe must not be working | sizurunmay bolursuzyou all must not be working | alaurunmay bolurlathey must not be working |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menuruna tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of working | senuruna tura bolursayou must be in the middle of working | oluruna tura bolurhe must be in the middle of working | bizuruna tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of working | sizuruna tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of working | alauruna tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of working |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menurunmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not working | senurunmay tura bolursayou must keep on not working | olurunmay tura bolurhe must keep on not working | bizurunmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not working | sizurunmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not working | alaurunmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not working |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menurunŋan bolurmaI must have worked | senurunŋan bolursayou must have worked | olurunŋan bolurhe must have worked | bizurunŋan bolurbuzwe must have worked | sizurunŋan bolursuzyou all must have worked | alaurunŋan bolurlathey must have worked |
| Inference (must have) | menurunmağan bolurmaI must not have worked | senurunmağan bolursayou must not have worked | olurunmağan bolurhe must not have worked | bizurunmağan bolurbuzwe must not have worked | sizurunmağan bolursuzyou all must not have worked | alaurunmağan bolurlathey must not have worked |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menurunnuq bolurma6urunuruq bolurmaI must be going to work | senurunnuq bolursa6urunuruq bolursayou must be going to work | olurunnuq bolur6urunuruq bolurhe must be going to work | bizurunnuq bolurbuz6urunuruq bolurbuzwe must be going to work | sizurunnuq bolursuz6urunuruq bolursuzyou all must be going to work | alaurunnuq bolurla6urunuruq bolurlathey must be going to work |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menurunmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to work | senurunmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to work | olurunmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to work | bizurunmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to work | sizurunmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to work | alaurunmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to work |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)full form: after n the ending contracts to -nıq/-nik, and the full -ırıq/-irik is also written, so urunuruq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menurunayımlet me work | senurun!work! | olurunsunlet him work | bizurunayıqlet's work | sizurunuğuz!work, you all! | alaurunsunlalet them work |
| Commands & suggestions | menurunmayımlet me not work | senurunma!don't work! | olurunmasınlet him not work | bizurunmayıqlet's not work | sizurunmağız!don't work, you all! | alaurunmasınlalet them not work |
| Commands & suggestions | menurunayımmı?shall I work? | olurunsunmu?should he work? | bizurunayıqmı?shall we work? | alaurunsunlamı?should they work? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menurunmayımmı?shall I not work? | olurunmasınmı?should he not work? | bizurunmayıqmı?shall we not work? | alaurunmasınlamı?should they not work? | ||
| Requests | senurunçu7urunçunplease work | olurunsunçudo let him work | sizurunçuğuzplease work (plural/polite) | alaurunsunlaçıdo let them work | ||
| Requests | senurunmaçı7urunmaçınplease don't work | olurunmasınçıdo let him not work | sizurunmaçığızplease don't work (plural/polite) | alaurunmasınlaçıdo let them not work | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senurunŋunurunŋumay you work | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senurunmağınurunmağımay you not work | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menurunŋay edim urunŋa edimwould that I worked | senurunŋay ediŋ urunŋa ediŋwould that you worked | olurunŋay edi urunŋa ediwould that he worked | bizurunŋay edik urunŋa edikwould that we worked | sizurunŋay edigiz urunŋa edigizwould that you all worked | alaurunŋay edile urunŋa edilewould that they worked |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menurunmağay edim urunmağa edimwould that I did not work | senurunmağay ediŋ urunmağa ediŋwould that you did not work | olurunmağay edi urunmağa ediwould that he did not work | bizurunmağay edik urunmağa edikwould that we did not work | sizurunmağay edigiz urunmağa edigizwould that you all did not work | alaurunmağay edile urunmağa edilewould that they did not work |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menurunmağa qoyayımurunma qoyayımlet me allow someone to work | senurunmağa qoy!urunma qoy!let someone work! | olurunmağa qoysunurunma qoysunlet him allow someone to work | bizurunmağa qoyayıqurunma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to work | sizurunmağa qoyuğuz!urunma qoyuğuz!let someone work, you all! | alaurunmağa qoysunlaurunma qoysunlalet them allow someone to work |
| Let someone… (commands) | menurunmağa qoymayımurunma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to work | senurunmağa qoyma!urunma qoyma!don't let someone work! | olurunmağa qoymasınurunma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to work | bizurunmağa qoymayıqurunma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to work | sizurunmağa qoymağız!urunma qoymağız!don't let someone work, you all! | alaurunmağa qoymasınlaurunma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to work |
| Let someone… (commands) | menurunmağa qoyayımmı?urunma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to work? | olurunmağa qoysunmu?urunma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to work? | bizurunmağa qoyayıqmı?urunma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to work? | alaurunmağa qoysunlamı?urunma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to work? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menurunmağa qoymayımmı?urunma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to work? | olurunmağa qoymasınmı?urunma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to work? | bizurunmağa qoymayıqmı?urunma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to work? | alaurunmağa qoymasınlamı?urunma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to work? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menurunmağa qoyamaurunma qoyamaI allow someone to work | senurunmağa qoyasaurunma qoyasayou allow someone to work | olurunmağa qoyadıurunma qoyadıhe allows someone to work | bizurunmağa qoyabızurunma qoyabızwe allow someone to work | sizurunmağa qoyasızurunma qoyasızyou all allow someone to work | alaurunmağa qoyadılaurunma qoyadılathey allow someone to work |
| Let someone… (present) | menurunmağa qoymaymaurunma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to work | senurunmağa qoymaysaurunma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to work | olurunmağa qoymaydıurunma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to work | bizurunmağa qoymaybızurunma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to work | sizurunmağa qoymaysızurunma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to work | alaurunmağa qoymaydılaurunma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to work |
| Let someone… (present) | menurunmağa qoyamamı?urunma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to work? | senurunmağa qoyamısa?urunma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to work? | olurunmağa qoyamıdı?urunma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to work? | bizurunmağa qoyabızmı?urunma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to work? | sizurunmağa qoyamısız?urunma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to work? | alaurunmağa qoyamıdıla?urunma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to work? |
| Let someone… (present) | menurunmağa qoymaymamı?urunma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to work? | senurunmağa qoymaymısa?urunma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to work? | olurunmağa qoymaymıdı?urunma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to work? | bizurunmağa qoymaybızmı?urunma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to work? | sizurunmağa qoymaymısız?urunma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to work? | alaurunmağa qoymaymıdıla?urunma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to work? |
| Let someone… (past) | menurunmağa qoydumurunma qoydumI allowed someone to work | senurunmağa qoyduŋurunma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to work | olurunmağa qoyduurunma qoyduhe allowed someone to work | bizurunmağa qoyduqurunma qoyduqwe allowed someone to work | sizurunmağa qoyduğuzurunma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to work | alaurunmağa qoydulaurunma qoydulathey allowed someone to work |
| Let someone… (past) | menurunmağa qoymadımurunma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to work | senurunmağa qoymadıŋurunma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to work | olurunmağa qoymadıurunma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to work | bizurunmağa qoymadıqurunma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to work | sizurunmağa qoymadığızurunma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to work | alaurunmağa qoymadılaurunma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to work |
| Let someone… (past) | menurunmağa qoydummu?urunma qoydummu?did I allow someone to work? | senurunmağa qoyduŋmu?urunma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to work? | olurunmağa qoydumu?urunma qoydumu?did he allow someone to work? | bizurunmağa qoyduqmu?urunma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to work? | sizurunmağa qoyduğuzmu?urunma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to work? | alaurunmağa qoydulamı?urunma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to work? |
| Let someone… (past) | menurunmağa qoymadımmı?urunma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to work? | senurunmağa qoymadıŋmı?urunma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to work? | olurunmağa qoymadımı?urunma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to work? | bizurunmağa qoymadıqmı?urunma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to work? | sizurunmağa qoymadığızmı?urunma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to work? | alaurunmağa qoymadılamı?urunma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to work? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
urunalırğa be able to work · urunalmazğa be unable to work
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menurunalamaI can work | senurunalasayou can work | olurunaladıhe can work | bizurunalabızwe can work | sizurunalasızyou all can work | alaurunaladılathey can work |
| Ability — present | menurunalmaymaI can't work | senurunalmaysayou can't work | olurunalmaydıhe can't work | bizurunalmaybızwe can't work | sizurunalmaysızyou all can't work | alaurunalmaydılathey can't work |
| Ability — present | menurunalamamı? urunalamıma?can I work? | senurunalamısa?can you work? | olurunalamıdı?can he work? | bizurunalabızmı? urunalamıbız?can we work? | sizurunalamısız?can you all work? | alaurunalamıdıla?can they work? |
| Ability — present | menurunalmaymamı? urunalmaymıma?can't I work? | senurunalmaymısa?can't you work? | olurunalmaymıdı?can't he work? | bizurunalmaybızmı? urunalmaymıbız?can't we work? | sizurunalmaymısız?can't you all work? | alaurunalmaymıdıla?can't they work? |
| Ability — if I can… | menurunalsamif I can work | senurunalsaŋif you can work | olurunalsaif he can work | bizurunalsaqif we can work | sizurunalsağızif you all can work | alaurunalsalaif they can work |
| Ability — if I can… | menurunalmasamif I can't work | senurunalmasaŋif you can't work | olurunalmasaif he can't work | bizurunalmasaqif we can't work | sizurunalmasağızif you all can't work | alaurunalmasalaif they can't work |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menurunaldımI was able to work | senurunaldıŋyou were able to work | olurunaldıhe was able to work | bizurunaldıqwe were able to work | sizurunaldığızyou all were able to work | alaurunaldılathey were able to work |
| Ability — simple past | menurunalmadımI could not work | senurunalmadıŋyou could not work | olurunalmadıhe could not work | bizurunalmadıqwe could not work | sizurunalmadığızyou all could not work | alaurunalmadılathey could not work |
| Ability — simple past | menurunaldımmı?was I able to work? | senurunaldıŋmı?were you able to work? | olurunaldımı?was he able to work? | bizurunaldıqmı?were we able to work? | sizurunaldığızmı?were you all able to work? | alaurunaldılamı?were they able to work? |
| Ability — simple past | menurunalmadımmı?couldn't I work? | senurunalmadıŋmı?couldn't you work? | olurunalmadımı?couldn't he work? | bizurunalmadıqmı?couldn't we work? | sizurunalmadığızmı?couldn't you all work? | alaurunalmadılamı?couldn't they work? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menurunalğanmaI have been able to work | senurunalğansayou have been able to work | olurunalğandıhe has been able to work | bizurunalğanbızwe have been able to work | sizurunalğansızyou all have been able to work | alaurunalğandılathey have been able to work |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menurunalmağanmaI haven't been able to work | senurunalmağansayou haven't been able to work | olurunalmağandıhe hasn't been able to work | bizurunalmağanbızwe haven't been able to work | sizurunalmağansızyou all haven't been able to work | alaurunalmağandılathey haven't been able to work |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menurunalğanmamı? urunalğanmıma?have I been able to work? | senurunalğanmısa?have you been able to work? | olurunalğanmıdı?has he been able to work? | bizurunalğanbızmı? urunalğanmıbız?have we been able to work? | sizurunalğanmısız?have you all been able to work? | alaurunalğanmıdıla?have they been able to work? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menurunalmağanmamı? urunalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to work? | senurunalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to work? | olurunalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to work? | bizurunalmağanbızmı? urunalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to work? | sizurunalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to work? | alaurunalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to work? |
| Ability — past perfect | menurunalğan edimurunalğanemI had been able to work | senurunalğan ediŋurunalğaneŋyou had been able to work | olurunalğan ediurunalğanedhe had been able to work | bizurunalğan edikurunalğanekwe had been able to work | sizurunalğan edigizurunalğanegizyou all had been able to work | alaurunalğan edileurunalğanellethey had been able to work |
| Ability — past perfect | menurunalmağan edimurunalmağanemI hadn't been able to work | senurunalmağan ediŋurunalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to work | olurunalmağan ediurunalmağanedhe hadn't been able to work | bizurunalmağan edikurunalmağanekwe hadn't been able to work | sizurunalmağan edigizurunalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to work | alaurunalmağan edileurunalmağanellethey hadn't been able to work |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menurunala edimurunalaemI could work | senurunala ediŋurunalaeŋyou could work | olurunala ediurunalaedhe could work | bizurunala edikurunalaekwe could work | sizurunala edigizurunalaegizyou all could work | alaurunala edileurunalaellethey could work |
| Ability — past background | menurunalmay edimurunalmayemI could not work | senurunalmay ediŋurunalmayeŋyou could not work | olurunalmay ediurunalmayedhe could not work | bizurunalmay edikurunalmayekwe could not work | sizurunalmay edigizurunalmayegizyou all could not work | alaurunalmay edileurunalmayellethey could not work |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menurunalırmaI will be able to work | senurunalırsayou will be able to work | olurunalırhe will be able to work | bizurunalırbızwe will be able to work | sizurunalırsızyou all will be able to work | alaurunalırlathey will be able to work |
| Ability — future I | menurunalmazmaI won't be able to work | senurunalmazsayou won't be able to work | olurunalmazhe won't be able to work | bizurunalmazbızwe won't be able to work | sizurunalmazsızyou all won't be able to work | alaurunalmazlathey won't be able to work |
| Ability — future I | menurunalırmamı? urunalırmıma?will I be able to work? | senurunalırmısa?will you be able to work? | olurunalırmı?will he be able to work? | bizurunalırbızmı? urunalırmıbız?will we be able to work? | sizurunalırmısız?will you all be able to work? | alaurunalırlamı? urunalırmıla?will they be able to work? |
| Ability — future I | menurunalmazmamı? urunalmazmıma?won't I be able to work? | senurunalmazmısa?won't you be able to work? | olurunalmazmı?won't he be able to work? | bizurunalmazbızmı? urunalmazmıbız?won't we be able to work? | sizurunalmazmısız?won't you all be able to work? | alaurunalmazlamı? urunalmazmıla?won't they be able to work? |
| Ability — future II | menurunallıqmaI am going to be able to work | senurunallıqsayou are going to be able to work | olurunallıqdıhe is going to be able to work | bizurunallıqbızwe are going to be able to work | sizurunallıqsızyou all are going to be able to work | alaurunallıqdılathey are going to be able to work |
| Ability — future II | menurunallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to work | senurunallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to work | olurunallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to work | bizurunallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to work | sizurunallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to work | alaurunallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to work |
| Ability — future II | menurunallıqmamı? urunallıqmıma?am I going to be able to work? | senurunallıqmısa?are you going to be able to work? | olurunallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to work? | bizurunallıqbızmı? urunallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to work? | sizurunallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to work? | alaurunallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to work? |
| Ability — future II | menurunallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to work? | senurunallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to work? | olurunallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to work? | bizurunallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to work? | sizurunallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to work? | alaurunallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to work? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menurunalır edimurunalır emI would be able to work | senurunalır ediŋurunalır eŋyou would be able to work | olurunalır ediurunalır edhe would be able to work | bizurunalır edikurunalır ekwe would be able to work | sizurunalır edigizurunalır egizyou all would be able to work | alaurunalır edileurunalır ellethey would be able to work |
| Ability — would be able to… | menurunalmaz edimurunalmaz emI wouldn't be able to work | senurunalmaz ediŋurunalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to work | olurunalmaz ediurunalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to work | bizurunalmaz edikurunalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to work | sizurunalmaz edigizurunalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to work | alaurunalmaz edileurunalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to work |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senurunalğınurunalğımay you be able to work | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senurunalmağınurunalmağımay you not be able to work | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menurunurğa izleymeI want to work | senurunurğa izleyseyou want to work | olurunurğa izleydihe wants to work | bizurunurğa izleybizwe want to work | sizurunurğa izleysizyou all want to work | alaurunurğa izleydilethey want to work |
| want to | menurunurğa izlemeymeI do not want to work | senurunurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to work | olurunurğa izlemeydihe does not want to work | bizurunurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to work | sizurunurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to work | alaurunurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to work |
| would like to | menurunurğa süemeI would like to work | senurunurğa süeseyou would like to work | olurunurğa süedihe would like to work | bizurunurğa süebizwe would like to work | sizurunurğa süesizyou all would like to work | alaurunurğa süedilethey would like to work |
| would like to | menurunurğa süymeymeI would not like to work | senurunurğa süymeyseyou would not like to work | olurunurğa süymeydihe would not like to work | bizurunurğa süymeybizwe would not like to work | sizurunurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to work | alaurunurğa süymeydilethey would not like to work |
| hope to | menurunurğa umutlanamaI hope to work | senurunurğa umutlanasayou hope to work | olurunurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to work | bizurunurğa umutlanabızwe hope to work | sizurunurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to work | alaurunurğa umutlanadılathey hope to work |
| hope to | menurunurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to work | senurunurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to work | olurunurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to work | bizurunurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to work | sizurunurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to work | alaurunurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to work |
| be about to | menurunurğa deb turamaI am about to work | senurunurğa deb turasayou are about to work | olurunurğa deb turadıhe is about to work | bizurunurğa deb turabızwe are about to work | sizurunurğa deb turasızyou all are about to work | alaurunurğa deb turadılathey are about to work |
| be about to | menurunurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to work | senurunurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to work | olurunurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to work | bizurunurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to work | sizurunurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to work | alaurunurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to work |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menurunurğa kerekmeI need to work | senurunurğa kerekseyou need to work | olurunurğa kerekdihe needs to work | bizurunurğa kerekbizwe need to work | sizurunurğa kereksizyou all need to work | alaurunurğa kerekdilethey need to work |
| need to | menurunurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to work | senurunurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to work | olurunurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to work | bizurunurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to work | sizurunurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to work | alaurunurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to work |
| have to | menmenŋe urunurğa tüşediI have to work | sensenŋe urunurğa tüşediyou have to work | olaŋa urunurğa tüşedihe has to work | bizbizge urunurğa tüşediwe have to work | sizsizge urunurğa tüşediyou all have to work | alaalağa urunurğa tüşedithey have to work |
| have to | menmenŋe urunurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to work | sensenŋe urunurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to work | olaŋa urunurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to work | bizbizge urunurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to work | sizsizge urunurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to work | alaalağa urunurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to work |
| be obliged to | menurunurğa borçlumaI am obliged to work | senurunurğa borçlusayou are obliged to work | olurunurğa borçluduhe is obliged to work | bizurunurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to work | sizurunurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to work | alaurunurğa borçludulathey are obliged to work |
| be obliged to | menurunurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to work | senurunurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to work | olurunurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to work | bizurunurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to work | sizurunurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to work | alaurunurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to work |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menurunurğa madarım bardıI have a way to work | senurunurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to work | olurunurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to work | bizurunurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to work | sizurunurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to work | alaurunurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to work |
| have a way to | menurunurğa madarım joqduI have no way to work | senurunurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to work | olurunurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to work | bizurunurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to work | sizurunurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to work | alaurunurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to work |
| be free to | menurunurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to work | senurunurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to work | olurunurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to work | bizurunurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to work | sizurunurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to work | alaurunurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to work |
| be free to | menurunurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to work | senurunurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to work | olurunurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to work | bizurunurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to work | sizurunurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to work | alaurunurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to work |
| be possible to | menmenŋe urunurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to work | sensenŋe urunurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to work | olaŋa urunurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to work | bizbizge urunurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to work | sizsizge urunurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to work | alaalağa urunurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to work |
| be possible to | menmenŋe urunurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to work | sensenŋe urunurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to work | olaŋa urunurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to work | bizbizge urunurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to work | sizsizge urunurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to work | alaalağa urunurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to work |
| be ready to | menurunurğa hazırmaI am ready to work | senurunurğa hazırsayou are ready to work | olurunurğa hazırdıhe is ready to work | bizurunurğa hazırbızwe are ready to work | sizurunurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to work | alaurunurğa hazırdılathey are ready to work |
| be ready to | menurunurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to work | senurunurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to work | olurunurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to work | bizurunurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to work | sizurunurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to work | alaurunurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to work |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menurunurğa küreşemeI am trying to work | senurunurğa küreşeseyou are trying to work | olurunurğa küreşedihe is trying to work | bizurunurğa küreşebizwe are trying to work | sizurunurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to work | alaurunurğa küreşedilethey are trying to work |
| try to | menurunurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to work | senurunurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to work | olurunurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to work | bizurunurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to work | sizurunurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to work | alaurunurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to work |
| agree to | menurunurğa unaymaI agree to work | senurunurğa unaysayou agree to work | olurunurğa unaydıhe agrees to work | bizurunurğa unaybızwe agree to work | sizurunurğa unaysızyou all agree to work | alaurunurğa unaydılathey agree to work |
| agree to | menurunurğa unamaymaI refuse to work | senurunurğa unamaysayou refuse to work | olurunurğa unamaydıhe refuses to work | bizurunurğa unamaybızwe refuse to work | sizurunurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to work | alaurunurğa unamaydılathey refuse to work |
| hurry to | menurunurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to work | senurunurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to work | olurunurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to work | bizurunurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to work | sizurunurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to work | alaurunurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to work |
| hurry to | menurunurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to work | senurunurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to work | olurunurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to work | bizurunurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to work | sizurunurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to work | alaurunurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to work |
| be afraid to | menurunurğa qorqamaI am afraid to work | senurunurğa qorqasayou are afraid to work | olurunurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to work | bizurunurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to work | sizurunurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to work | alaurunurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to work |
| be afraid to | menurunurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to work | senurunurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to work | olurunurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to work | bizurunurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to work | sizurunurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to work | alaurunurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to work |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menuruna bolmazmaI can't be working | senuruna bolmazsayou can't be working | oluruna bolmazhe can't be working | bizuruna bolmazbızwe can't be working | sizuruna bolmazsızyou all can't be working | alauruna bolmazlathey can't be working |
| Inference, present — double negation | menurunmay bolmazmaI must be working (emphatic) | senurunmay bolmazsayou must be working (emphatic) | olurunmay bolmazhe must be working (emphatic) | bizurunmay bolmazbızwe must be working (emphatic) | sizurunmay bolmazsızyou all must be working (emphatic) | alaurunmay bolmazlathey must be working (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menuruna turmasamif I don't keep working | senuruna turmasaŋif you don't keep working | oluruna turmasaif he doesn't keep working | bizuruna turmasaqif we don't keep working | sizuruna turmasağızif you all don't keep working | alauruna turmasalaif they don't keep working |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menuruna tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of working | senuruna tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of working | oluruna tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of working | bizuruna tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of working | sizuruna tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of working | alauruna tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of working |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menurunmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not working (emphatic) | senurunmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not working (emphatic) | olurunmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not working (emphatic) | bizurunmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not working (emphatic) | sizurunmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not working (emphatic) | alaurunmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not working (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menurunmay turamaI keep on not working | senurunmay turasayou keep on not working | olurunmay turadıhe keeps on not working | bizurunmay turabızwe keep on not working | sizurunmay turasızyou all keep on not working | alaurunmay turadılathey keep on not working |
| Progressive — double negation | menurunmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not working | senurunmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not working | olurunmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not working | bizurunmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not working | sizurunmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not working | alaurunmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not working |
| Progressive — double negation | menurunmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not working? | senurunmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not working? | olurunmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not working? | bizurunmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not working? | sizurunmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not working? | alaurunmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not working? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menurunŋan bolmazmaI can't have worked | senurunŋan bolmazsayou can't have worked | olurunŋan bolmazhe can't have worked | bizurunŋan bolmazbızwe can't have worked | sizurunŋan bolmazsızyou all can't have worked | alaurunŋan bolmazlathey can't have worked |
| Inference — double negation | menurunmağan bolmazmaI must have worked (emphatic) | senurunmağan bolmazsayou must have worked (emphatic) | olurunmağan bolmazhe must have worked (emphatic) | bizurunmağan bolmazbızwe must have worked (emphatic) | sizurunmağan bolmazsızyou all must have worked (emphatic) | alaurunmağan bolmazlathey must have worked (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menurunŋan bolmasamif it weren't that I had worked | senurunŋan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had worked | olurunŋan bolmasaif it weren't that he had worked | bizurunŋan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had worked | sizurunŋan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had worked | alaurunŋan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had worked |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menurunmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't worked | senurunmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't worked | olurunmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't worked | bizurunmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't worked | sizurunmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't worked | alaurunmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't worked |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menurunnuq bolmazmaI can't be going to work | senurunnuq bolmazsayou can't be going to work | olurunnuq bolmazhe can't be going to work | bizurunnuq bolmazbızwe can't be going to work | sizurunnuq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to work | alaurunnuq bolmazlathey can't be going to work |
| Inference, future — double negation | menurunmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to work (emphatic) | senurunmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to work (emphatic) | olurunmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to work (emphatic) | bizurunmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to work (emphatic) | sizurunmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to work (emphatic) | alaurunmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to work (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menurunnuq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to work | senurunnuq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to work | olurunnuq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to work | bizurunnuq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to work | sizurunnuq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to work | alaurunnuq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to work |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menurunmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to work | senurunmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to work | olurunmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to work | bizurunmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to work | sizurunmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to work | alaurunmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to work |