topalarğa
/topalarʁa/
beat, thrash, flog (someone, with a stick or switch) — With adamıça it means give someone a good beating. Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks the word as Karachay.
- anı tayaq bla topaladıla — they beat him with a stick
- ataŋ seni topalarıqdı — your father will thrash you
- adamıça topalarğa — to thrash soundly
- sabiyni topalarıq eseŋ — if you are going to beat the child
Conjugation
Common forms
- topalaydıhe is beating
- topaladıhe beat
- topalağandıhe has beaten
- topalarhe will beat
- topalarıqdıhe is going to beat
- topalay edihe was beating
- topalasaif he beats
- topala!beat!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentopalaymaI am beating | sentopalaysayou are beating | oltopalaydıhe is beating | biztopalaybızwe are beating | siztopalaysızyou all are beating | alatopalaydılathey are beating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentopalamaymaI am not beating | sentopalamaysayou are not beating | oltopalamaydıhe is not beating | biztopalamaybızwe are not beating | siztopalamaysızyou all are not beating | alatopalamaydılathey are not beating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentopalaymamı? topalaymıma?am I beating? | sentopalaymısa?are you beating? | oltopalaymıdı?is he beating? | biztopalaybızmı? topalaymıbız?are we beating? | siztopalaymısız?are you all beating? | alatopalaymıdıla?are they beating? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentopalamaymamı? topalamaymıma?aren't I beating? | sentopalamaymısa?aren't you beating? | oltopalamaymıdı?isn't he beating? | biztopalamaybızmı? topalamaymıbız?aren't we beating? | siztopalamaymısız?aren't you all beating? | alatopalamaymıdıla?aren't they beating? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentopalawçanmaI usually beat | sentopalawçansayou usually beat | oltopalawçandıhe usually beats | biztopalawçanbızwe usually beat | siztopalawçansızyou all usually beat | alatopalawçandılathey usually beat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentopalamawçanmaI usually don't beat | sentopalamawçansayou usually don't beat | oltopalamawçandıhe usually doesn't beat | biztopalamawçanbızwe usually don't beat | siztopalamawçansızyou all usually don't beat | alatopalamawçandılathey usually don't beat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentopalawçanmamı? topalawçanmıma?do I usually beat? | sentopalawçanmısa?do you usually beat? | oltopalawçanmıdı?does he usually beat? | biztopalawçanbızmı? topalawçanmıbız?do we usually beat? | siztopalawçanmısız?do you all usually beat? | alatopalawçanmıdıla?do they usually beat? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentopalamawçanmamı? topalamawçanmıma?do I usually not beat? | sentopalamawçanmısa?do you usually not beat? | oltopalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not beat? | biztopalamawçanbızmı? topalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not beat? | siztopalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not beat? | alatopalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not beat? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltopalabdıhe has beaten and remains so | alatopalabdılathey have beaten and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltopalabmıdı?has he beaten? | alatopalabmıdıla?have they beaten? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentopalab turamaI keep beating | sentopalab turasayou keep beating | oltopalab turadıhe keeps beating | biztopalab turabızwe keep beating | siztopalab turasızyou all keep beating | alatopalab turadılathey keep beating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentopalab turmaymaI don't keep beating | sentopalab turmaysayou don't keep beating | oltopalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep beating | biztopalab turmaybızwe don't keep beating | siztopalab turmaysızyou all don't keep beating | alatopalab turmaydılathey don't keep beating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentopalab turamamı? topalab turamıma?do I keep beating? | sentopalab turamısa?do you keep beating? | oltopalab turamıdı?does he keep beating? | biztopalab turabızmı? topalab turamıbız?do we keep beating? | siztopalab turamısız?do you all keep beating? | alatopalab turamıdıla?do they keep beating? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentopalab turmaymamı? topalab turmaymıma?don't I keep beating? | sentopalab turmaymısa?don't you keep beating? | oltopalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep beating? | biztopalab turmaybızmı? topalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep beating? | siztopalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep beating? | alatopalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep beating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentopalay turamaI am in the middle of beating | sentopalay turasayou are in the middle of beating | oltopalay turadıhe is in the middle of beating | biztopalay turabızwe are in the middle of beating | siztopalay turasızyou all are in the middle of beating | alatopalay turadılathey are in the middle of beating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentopalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of beating | sentopalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of beating | oltopalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of beating | biztopalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of beating | siztopalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of beating | alatopalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of beating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentopalay turamamı? topalay turamıma?am I in the middle of beating? | sentopalay turamısa?are you in the middle of beating? | oltopalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of beating? | biztopalay turabızmı? topalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of beating? | siztopalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of beating? | alatopalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of beating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentopalay turmaymamı? topalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of beating? | sentopalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of beating? | oltopalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of beating? | biztopalay turmaybızmı? topalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of beating? | siztopalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of beating? | alatopalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of beating? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentopaladımI beat | sentopaladıŋyou beat | oltopaladıhe beat | biztopaladıqwe beat | siztopaladığızyou all beat | alatopaladılathey beat |
| Simple past (definite) | mentopalamadımI didn't beat | sentopalamadıŋyou didn't beat | oltopalamadıhe didn't beat | biztopalamadıqwe didn't beat | siztopalamadığızyou all didn't beat | alatopalamadılathey didn't beat |
| Simple past (definite) | mentopaladımmı?did I beat? | sentopaladıŋmı?did you beat? | oltopaladımı?did he beat? | biztopaladıqmı?did we beat? | siztopaladığızmı?did you all beat? | alatopaladılamı?did they beat? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentopalamadımmı?didn't I beat? | sentopalamadıŋmı?didn't you beat? | oltopalamadımı?didn't he beat? | biztopalamadıqmı?didn't we beat? | siztopalamadığızmı?didn't you all beat? | alatopalamadılamı?didn't they beat? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentopalağanmaI have beaten | sentopalağansayou have beaten | oltopalağandıhe has beaten | biztopalağanbızwe have beaten | siztopalağansızyou all have beaten | alatopalağandılathey have beaten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentopalamağanmaI haven't beaten | sentopalamağansayou haven't beaten | oltopalamağandıhe hasn't beaten | biztopalamağanbızwe haven't beaten | siztopalamağansızyou all haven't beaten | alatopalamağandılathey haven't beaten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentopalağanmamı? topalağanmıma?have I beaten? | sentopalağanmısa?have you beaten? | oltopalağanmıdı?has he beaten? | biztopalağanbızmı? topalağanmıbız?have we beaten? | siztopalağanmısız?have you all beaten? | alatopalağanmıdıla?have they beaten? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentopalamağanmamı? topalamağanmıma?haven't I beaten? | sentopalamağanmısa?haven't you beaten? | oltopalamağanmıdı?hasn't he beaten? | biztopalamağanbızmı? topalamağanmıbız?haven't we beaten? | siztopalamağanmısız?haven't you all beaten? | alatopalamağanmıdıla?haven't they beaten? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentopalab turdumI kept beating | sentopalab turduŋyou kept beating | oltopalab turduhe kept beating | biztopalab turduqwe kept beating | siztopalab turduğuzyou all kept beating | alatopalab turdulathey kept beating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentopalab turmadımI didn't keep beating | sentopalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep beating | oltopalab turmadıhe didn't keep beating | biztopalab turmadıqwe didn't keep beating | siztopalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep beating | alatopalab turmadılathey didn't keep beating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentopalarmaI will beat | sentopalarsayou will beat | oltopalarhe will beat | biztopalarbızwe will beat | siztopalarsızyou all will beat | alatopalarlathey will beat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentopalamazmaI won't beat | sentopalamazsayou won't beat | oltopalamazhe won't beat | biztopalamazbızwe won't beat | siztopalamazsızyou all won't beat | alatopalamazlathey won't beat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentopalarmamı? topalarmıma?will I beat? | sentopalarmısa?will you beat? | oltopalarmı?will he beat? | biztopalarbızmı? topalarmıbız?will we beat? | siztopalarmısız?will you all beat? | alatopalarlamı? topalarmıla?will they beat? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentopalamazmamı? topalamazmıma?won't I beat? | sentopalamazmısa?won't you beat? | oltopalamazmı?won't he beat? | biztopalamazbızmı? topalamazmıbız?won't we beat? | siztopalamazmısız?won't you all beat? | alatopalamazlamı? topalamazmıla?won't they beat? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentopalarıqmaI am going to beat | sentopalarıqsayou are going to beat | oltopalarıqdıhe is going to beat | biztopalarıqbızwe are going to beat | siztopalarıqsızyou all are going to beat | alatopalarıqdılathey are going to beat |
| Definite future (future II) | mentopalarıq tülmeI am not going to beat | sentopalarıq tülseyou are not going to beat | oltopalarıq tüldühe is not going to beat | biztopalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to beat | siztopalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to beat | alatopalarıq tüldülethey are not going to beat |
| Definite future (future II) | mentopalarıqmamı? topalarıqmıma?am I going to beat? | sentopalarıqmısa?are you going to beat? | oltopalarıqmıdı?is he going to beat? | biztopalarıqbızmı? topalarıqmıbız?are we going to beat? | siztopalarıqmısız?are you all going to beat? | alatopalarıqmıdıla?are they going to beat? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentopalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to beat? | sentopalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to beat? | oltopalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to beat? | biztopalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to beat? | siztopalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to beat? | alatopalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to beat? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentopalağan edimtopalağanemI had beaten | sentopalağan ediŋtopalağaneŋyou had beaten | oltopalağan editopalağanedhe had beaten | biztopalağan ediktopalağanekwe had beaten | siztopalağan edigiztopalağanegizyou all had beaten | alatopalağan ediletopalağanellethey had beaten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentopalamağan edimtopalamağanemI hadn't beaten | sentopalamağan ediŋtopalamağaneŋyou hadn't beaten | oltopalamağan editopalamağanedhe hadn't beaten | biztopalamağan ediktopalamağanekwe hadn't beaten | siztopalamağan edigiztopalamağanegizyou all hadn't beaten | alatopalamağan ediletopalamağanellethey hadn't beaten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentopalay edimtopalayemI was beating | sentopalay ediŋtopalayeŋyou were beating | oltopalay editopalayedhe was beating | biztopalay ediktopalayekwe were beating | siztopalay edigiztopalayegizyou all were beating | alatopalay ediletopalayellethey were beating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentopalamay edimtopalamayemI wasn't beating | sentopalamay ediŋtopalamayeŋyou weren't beating | oltopalamay editopalamayedhe wasn't beating | biztopalamay ediktopalamayekwe weren't beating | siztopalamay edigiztopalamayegizyou all weren't beating | alatopalamay ediletopalamayellethey weren't beating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentopalawçan edimtopalawçanemI used to beat | sentopalawçan ediŋtopalawçaneŋyou used to beat | oltopalawçan editopalawçanedhe used to beat | biztopalawçan ediktopalawçanekwe used to beat | siztopalawçan edigiztopalawçanegizyou all used to beat | alatopalawçan ediletopalawçanellethey used to beat |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentopalamawçan edimtopalamawçanemI didn't use to beat | sentopalamawçan ediŋtopalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to beat | oltopalamawçan editopalamawçanedhe didn't use to beat | biztopalamawçan ediktopalamawçanekwe didn't use to beat | siztopalamawçan edigiztopalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to beat | alatopalamawçan ediletopalamawçanellethey didn't use to beat |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltopalab edihe had beaten and remained so | alatopalab edilethey had beaten and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltopalab tül edihe hadn't beaten | alatopalab tül edilethey hadn't beaten | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentopalab tura edimtopalab turaemI had kept beating | sentopalab tura ediŋtopalab turaeŋyou had kept beating | oltopalab tura editopalab turaedhe had kept beating | biztopalab tura ediktopalab turaekwe had kept beating | siztopalab tura edigiztopalab turaegizyou all had kept beating | alatopalab tura ediletopalab turaellethey had kept beating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentopalab turmay edimtopalab turmayemI hadn't kept beating | sentopalab turmay ediŋtopalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept beating | oltopalab turmay editopalab turmayedhe hadn't kept beating | biztopalab turmay ediktopalab turmayekwe hadn't kept beating | siztopalab turmay edigiztopalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept beating | alatopalab turmay ediletopalab turmayellethey hadn't kept beating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentopalay tura edimtopalay turaemI was in the middle of beating | sentopalay tura ediŋtopalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of beating | oltopalay tura editopalay turaedhe was in the middle of beating | biztopalay tura ediktopalay turaekwe were in the middle of beating | siztopalay tura edigiztopalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of beating | alatopalay tura ediletopalay turaellethey were in the middle of beating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentopalay turmay edimtopalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of beating | sentopalay turmay ediŋtopalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of beating | oltopalay turmay editopalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of beating | biztopalay turmay ediktopalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of beating | siztopalay turmay edigiztopalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of beating | alatopalay turmay ediletopalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of beating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentopalar edimtopalar emI would beat | sentopalar ediŋtopalar eŋyou would beat | oltopalar editopalar edhe would beat | biztopalar ediktopalar ekwe would beat | siztopalar edigiztopalar egizyou all would beat | alatopalar ediletopalar ellethey would beat |
| Conditional result (would) | mentopalamaz edimtopalamaz emI wouldn't beat | sentopalamaz ediŋtopalamaz eŋyou wouldn't beat | oltopalamaz editopalamaz edhe wouldn't beat | biztopalamaz ediktopalamaz ekwe wouldn't beat | siztopalamaz edigiztopalamaz egizyou all wouldn't beat | alatopalamaz ediletopalamaz ellethey wouldn't beat |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentopalarıq edimtopalarıq emI would have beaten | sentopalarıq ediŋtopalarıq eŋyou would have beaten | oltopalarıq editopalarıq edhe would have beaten | biztopalarıq ediktopalarıq ekwe would have beaten | siztopalarıq edigiztopalarıq egizyou all would have beaten | alatopalarıq ediletopalarıq ellethey would have beaten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentopalarıq tül edimtopalarıq tül emI wouldn't have beaten | sentopalarıq tül ediŋtopalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have beaten | oltopalarıq tül editopalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have beaten | biztopalarıq tül ediktopalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have beaten | siztopalarıq tül edigiztopalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have beaten | alatopalarıq tül ediletopalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have beaten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentopalasamif I beat | sentopalasaŋif you beat | oltopalasaif he beats | biztopalasaqif we beat | siztopalasağızif you all beat | alatopalasalaif they beat |
| Conditional | mentopalamasamif I don't beat | sentopalamasaŋif you don't beat | oltopalamasaif he doesn't beat | biztopalamasaqif we don't beat | siztopalamasağızif you all don't beat | alatopalamasalaif they don't beat |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentopalay esemif I am beating | sentopalay eseŋif you are beating | oltopalay eseif he is beating | biztopalay esekif we are beating | siztopalay esegizif you all are beating | alatopalay eseleif they are beating |
| Conditional, present real | mentopalamay esemif I am not beating | sentopalamay eseŋif you are not beating | oltopalamay eseif he is not beating | biztopalamay esekif we are not beating | siztopalamay esegizif you all are not beating | alatopalamay eseleif they are not beating |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentopalasam editopalasam edif only I beat | sentopalasaŋ editopalasaŋ edif only you beat | oltopalasa editopalasaedif only he beat | biztopalasaq editopalasaq edif only we beat | siztopalasağız editopalasağız edif only you all beat | alatopalasala editopalasalaedif only they beat |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentopalamasam editopalamasam edif only I didn't beat | sentopalamasaŋ editopalamasaŋ edif only you didn't beat | oltopalamasa editopalamasaedif only he didn't beat | biztopalamasaq editopalamasaq edif only we didn't beat | siztopalamasağız editopalamasağız edif only you all didn't beat | alatopalamasala editopalamasalaedif only they didn't beat |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentopalab tursamif I carry on beating | sentopalab tursaŋif you carry on beating | oltopalab tursaif he carries on beating | biztopalab tursaqif we carry on beating | siztopalab tursağızif you all carry on beating | alatopalab tursalaif they carry on beating |
| Durative conditional | mentopalab turmasamif I don't carry on beating | sentopalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on beating | oltopalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on beating | biztopalab turmasaqif we don't carry on beating | siztopalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on beating | alatopalab turmasalaif they don't carry on beating |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentopalab tura esemif I have kept beating | sentopalab tura eseŋif you have kept beating | oltopalab tura eseif he has kept beating | biztopalab tura esekif we have kept beating | siztopalab tura esegizif you all have kept beating | alatopalab tura eseleif they have kept beating |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentopalab turmay esemif I haven't kept beating | sentopalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept beating | oltopalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept beating | biztopalab turmay esekif we haven't kept beating | siztopalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept beating | alatopalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept beating |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentopalay tursamif I keep beating | sentopalay tursaŋif you keep beating | oltopalay tursaif he keeps beating | biztopalay tursaqif we keep beating | siztopalay tursağızif you all keep beating | alatopalay tursalaif they keep beating |
| Progressive conditional | mentopalamay tursamif I keep on not beating | sentopalamay tursaŋif you keep on not beating | oltopalamay tursaif he keeps on not beating | biztopalamay tursaqif we keep on not beating | siztopalamay tursağızif you all keep on not beating | alatopalamay tursalaif they keep on not beating |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentopalay tura esemif I am in the middle of beating | sentopalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of beating | oltopalay tura eseif he is in the middle of beating | biztopalay tura esekif we are in the middle of beating | siztopalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of beating | alatopalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of beating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentopalamay tura esemif I keep on not beating | sentopalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not beating | oltopalamay tura eseif he keeps on not beating | biztopalamay tura esekif we keep on not beating | siztopalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not beating | alatopalamay tura eseleif they keep on not beating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentopaladım esemif I beat | sentopaladıŋ eseŋif you beat | oltopaladı eseif he beat | biztopaladıq esekif we beat | siztopaladığız esegizif you all beat | alatopaladıla eseleif they beat |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentopalamadım esemif I didn't beat | sentopalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't beat | oltopalamadı eseif he didn't beat | biztopalamadıq esekif we didn't beat | siztopalamadığız esegizif you all didn't beat | alatopalamadıla eseleif they didn't beat |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentopalağan esemif I did beat (indeed) | sentopalağan eseŋif you did beat (indeed) | oltopalağan eseif he did beat (indeed) | biztopalağan esekif we did beat (indeed) | siztopalağan esegizif you all did beat (indeed) | alatopalağan eseleif they did beat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentopalamağan esemif I didn't beat (indeed) | sentopalamağan eseŋif you didn't beat (indeed) | oltopalamağan eseif he didn't beat (indeed) | biztopalamağan esekif we didn't beat (indeed) | siztopalamağan esegizif you all didn't beat (indeed) | alatopalamağan eseleif they didn't beat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentopalağan bolsamif I had beaten | sentopalağan bolsaŋif you had beaten | oltopalağan bolsaif he had beaten | biztopalağan bolsaqif we had beaten | siztopalağan bolsağızif you all had beaten | alatopalağan bolsalaif they had beaten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentopalamağan bolsamif I hadn't beaten | sentopalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't beaten | oltopalamağan bolsaif he hadn't beaten | biztopalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't beaten | siztopalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't beaten | alatopalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't beaten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentopalağan bolsam editopalağan bolsam edif only I had beaten | sentopalağan bolsaŋ editopalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had beaten | oltopalağan bolsa editopalağan bolsaedif only he had beaten | biztopalağan bolsaq editopalağan bolsaq edif only we had beaten | siztopalağan bolsağız editopalağan bolsağız edif only you all had beaten | alatopalağan bolsala editopalağan bolsalaedif only they had beaten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentopalamağan bolsam editopalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't beaten | sentopalamağan bolsaŋ editopalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't beaten | oltopalamağan bolsa editopalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't beaten | biztopalamağan bolsaq editopalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't beaten | siztopalamağan bolsağız editopalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't beaten | alatopalamağan bolsala editopalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't beaten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentopalar esemif I will beat | sentopalar eseŋif you will beat | oltopalar eseif he will beat | biztopalar esekif we will beat | siztopalar esegizif you all will beat | alatopalar eseleif they will beat |
| Conditional, aorist | mentopalamaz esemif I won't beat | sentopalamaz eseŋif you won't beat | oltopalamaz eseif he won't beat | biztopalamaz esekif we won't beat | siztopalamaz esegizif you all won't beat | alatopalamaz eseleif they won't beat |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentopalarıq esemif I am going to beat | sentopalarıq eseŋif you are going to beat | oltopalarıq eseif he is going to beat | biztopalarıq esekif we are going to beat | siztopalarıq esegizif you all are going to beat | alatopalarıq eseleif they are going to beat |
| Conditional, future | mentopalarıq tül esemif I am not going to beat | sentopalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to beat | oltopalarıq tül eseif he is not going to beat | biztopalarıq tül esekif we are not going to beat | siztopalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to beat | alatopalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to beat |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentopalarıq bolsamif I were going to beat | sentopalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to beat | oltopalarıq bolsaif he were going to beat | biztopalarıq bolsaqif we were going to beat | siztopalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to beat | alatopalarıq bolsalaif they were going to beat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentopalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to beat | sentopalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to beat | oltopalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to beat | biztopalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to beat | siztopalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to beat | alatopalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to beat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso topaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentopalay bolurmaI must be beating | sentopalay bolursayou must be beating | oltopalay bolurhe must be beating | biztopalay bolurbuzwe must be beating | siztopalay bolursuzyou all must be beating | alatopalay bolurlathey must be beating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentopalamay bolurmaI must not be beating | sentopalamay bolursayou must not be beating | oltopalamay bolurhe must not be beating | biztopalamay bolurbuzwe must not be beating | siztopalamay bolursuzyou all must not be beating | alatopalamay bolurlathey must not be beating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentopalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of beating | sentopalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of beating | oltopalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of beating | biztopalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of beating | siztopalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of beating | alatopalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of beating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentopalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not beating | sentopalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not beating | oltopalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not beating | biztopalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not beating | siztopalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not beating | alatopalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not beating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentopalağan bolurmaI must have beaten | sentopalağan bolursayou must have beaten | oltopalağan bolurhe must have beaten | biztopalağan bolurbuzwe must have beaten | siztopalağan bolursuzyou all must have beaten | alatopalağan bolurlathey must have beaten |
| Inference (must have) | mentopalamağan bolurmaI must not have beaten | sentopalamağan bolursayou must not have beaten | oltopalamağan bolurhe must not have beaten | biztopalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have beaten | siztopalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have beaten | alatopalamağan bolurlathey must not have beaten |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentopalarıq bolurmaI must be going to beat | sentopalarıq bolursayou must be going to beat | oltopalarıq bolurhe must be going to beat | biztopalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to beat | siztopalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to beat | alatopalarıq bolurlathey must be going to beat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentopalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to beat | sentopalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to beat | oltopalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to beat | biztopalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to beat | siztopalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to beat | alatopalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to beat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentopalayımlet me beat | sentopala!beat! | oltopalasınlet him beat | biztopalayıqlet's beat | siztopalağız!beat, you all! | alatopalasınlalet them beat |
| Commands & suggestions | mentopalamayımlet me not beat | sentopalama!don't beat! | oltopalamasınlet him not beat | biztopalamayıqlet's not beat | siztopalamağız!don't beat, you all! | alatopalamasınlalet them not beat |
| Commands & suggestions | mentopalayımmı?shall I beat? | oltopalasınmı?should he beat? | biztopalayıqmı?shall we beat? | alatopalasınlamı?should they beat? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentopalamayımmı?shall I not beat? | oltopalamasınmı?should he not beat? | biztopalamayıqmı?shall we not beat? | alatopalamasınlamı?should they not beat? | ||
| Requests | sentopalaçı2topalaçınplease beat | oltopalasınçıdo let him beat | siztopalaçığızplease beat (plural/polite) | alatopalasınlaçıdo let them beat | ||
| Requests | sentopalamaçı2topalamaçınplease don't beat | oltopalamasınçıdo let him not beat | siztopalamaçığızplease don't beat (plural/polite) | alatopalamasınlaçıdo let them not beat | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentopalağıntopalağımay you beat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentopalamağıntopalamağımay you not beat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentopalağay edim topalağa edimwould that I beat | sentopalağay ediŋ topalağa ediŋwould that you beat | oltopalağay edi topalağa ediwould that he beat | biztopalağay edik topalağa edikwould that we beat | siztopalağay edigiz topalağa edigizwould that you all beat | alatopalağay edile topalağa edilewould that they beat |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentopalamağay edim topalamağa edimwould that I did not beat | sentopalamağay ediŋ topalamağa ediŋwould that you did not beat | oltopalamağay edi topalamağa ediwould that he did not beat | biztopalamağay edik topalamağa edikwould that we did not beat | siztopalamağay edigiz topalamağa edigizwould that you all did not beat | alatopalamağay edile topalamağa edilewould that they did not beat |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentopalamağa qoyayımtopalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to beat | sentopalamağa qoy!topalama qoy!let someone beat! | oltopalamağa qoysuntopalama qoysunlet him allow someone to beat | biztopalamağa qoyayıqtopalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to beat | siztopalamağa qoyuğuz!topalama qoyuğuz!let someone beat, you all! | alatopalamağa qoysunlatopalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to beat |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentopalamağa qoymayımtopalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to beat | sentopalamağa qoyma!topalama qoyma!don't let someone beat! | oltopalamağa qoymasıntopalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to beat | biztopalamağa qoymayıqtopalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to beat | siztopalamağa qoymağız!topalama qoymağız!don't let someone beat, you all! | alatopalamağa qoymasınlatopalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to beat |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentopalamağa qoyayımmı?topalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to beat? | oltopalamağa qoysunmu?topalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to beat? | biztopalamağa qoyayıqmı?topalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to beat? | alatopalamağa qoysunlamı?topalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to beat? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentopalamağa qoymayımmı?topalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to beat? | oltopalamağa qoymasınmı?topalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to beat? | biztopalamağa qoymayıqmı?topalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to beat? | alatopalamağa qoymasınlamı?topalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to beat? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentopalamağa qoyamatopalama qoyamaI allow someone to beat | sentopalamağa qoyasatopalama qoyasayou allow someone to beat | oltopalamağa qoyadıtopalama qoyadıhe allows someone to beat | biztopalamağa qoyabıztopalama qoyabızwe allow someone to beat | siztopalamağa qoyasıztopalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to beat | alatopalamağa qoyadılatopalama qoyadılathey allow someone to beat |
| Let someone… (present) | mentopalamağa qoymaymatopalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to beat | sentopalamağa qoymaysatopalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to beat | oltopalamağa qoymaydıtopalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to beat | biztopalamağa qoymaybıztopalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to beat | siztopalamağa qoymaysıztopalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to beat | alatopalamağa qoymaydılatopalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to beat |
| Let someone… (present) | mentopalamağa qoyamamı?topalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to beat? | sentopalamağa qoyamısa?topalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to beat? | oltopalamağa qoyamıdı?topalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to beat? | biztopalamağa qoyabızmı?topalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to beat? | siztopalamağa qoyamısız?topalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to beat? | alatopalamağa qoyamıdıla?topalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to beat? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentopalamağa qoymaymamı?topalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to beat? | sentopalamağa qoymaymısa?topalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to beat? | oltopalamağa qoymaymıdı?topalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to beat? | biztopalamağa qoymaybızmı?topalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to beat? | siztopalamağa qoymaymısız?topalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to beat? | alatopalamağa qoymaymıdıla?topalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to beat? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentopalamağa qoydumtopalama qoydumI allowed someone to beat | sentopalamağa qoyduŋtopalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to beat | oltopalamağa qoydutopalama qoyduhe allowed someone to beat | biztopalamağa qoyduqtopalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to beat | siztopalamağa qoyduğuztopalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to beat | alatopalamağa qoydulatopalama qoydulathey allowed someone to beat |
| Let someone… (past) | mentopalamağa qoymadımtopalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to beat | sentopalamağa qoymadıŋtopalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to beat | oltopalamağa qoymadıtopalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to beat | biztopalamağa qoymadıqtopalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to beat | siztopalamağa qoymadığıztopalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to beat | alatopalamağa qoymadılatopalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to beat |
| Let someone… (past) | mentopalamağa qoydummu?topalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to beat? | sentopalamağa qoyduŋmu?topalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to beat? | oltopalamağa qoydumu?topalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to beat? | biztopalamağa qoyduqmu?topalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to beat? | siztopalamağa qoyduğuzmu?topalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to beat? | alatopalamağa qoydulamı?topalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to beat? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentopalamağa qoymadımmı?topalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to beat? | sentopalamağa qoymadıŋmı?topalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to beat? | oltopalamağa qoymadımı?topalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to beat? | biztopalamağa qoymadıqmı?topalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to beat? | siztopalamağa qoymadığızmı?topalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to beat? | alatopalamağa qoymadılamı?topalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to beat? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentopalayalamaI can beat | sentopalayalasayou can beat | oltopalayaladıhe can beat | biztopalayalabızwe can beat | siztopalayalasızyou all can beat | alatopalayaladılathey can beat |
| Ability — present | mentopalayalmaymaI can't beat | sentopalayalmaysayou can't beat | oltopalayalmaydıhe can't beat | biztopalayalmaybızwe can't beat | siztopalayalmaysızyou all can't beat | alatopalayalmaydılathey can't beat |
| Ability — present | mentopalayalamamı? topalayalamıma?can I beat? | sentopalayalamısa?can you beat? | oltopalayalamıdı?can he beat? | biztopalayalabızmı? topalayalamıbız?can we beat? | siztopalayalamısız?can you all beat? | alatopalayalamıdıla?can they beat? |
| Ability — present | mentopalayalmaymamı? topalayalmaymıma?can't I beat? | sentopalayalmaymısa?can't you beat? | oltopalayalmaymıdı?can't he beat? | biztopalayalmaybızmı? topalayalmaymıbız?can't we beat? | siztopalayalmaymısız?can't you all beat? | alatopalayalmaymıdıla?can't they beat? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentopalayalsamif I can beat | sentopalayalsaŋif you can beat | oltopalayalsaif he can beat | biztopalayalsaqif we can beat | siztopalayalsağızif you all can beat | alatopalayalsalaif they can beat |
| Ability — if I can… | mentopalayalmasamif I can't beat | sentopalayalmasaŋif you can't beat | oltopalayalmasaif he can't beat | biztopalayalmasaqif we can't beat | siztopalayalmasağızif you all can't beat | alatopalayalmasalaif they can't beat |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentopalayaldımI was able to beat | sentopalayaldıŋyou were able to beat | oltopalayaldıhe was able to beat | biztopalayaldıqwe were able to beat | siztopalayaldığızyou all were able to beat | alatopalayaldılathey were able to beat |
| Ability — simple past | mentopalayalmadımI could not beat | sentopalayalmadıŋyou could not beat | oltopalayalmadıhe could not beat | biztopalayalmadıqwe could not beat | siztopalayalmadığızyou all could not beat | alatopalayalmadılathey could not beat |
| Ability — simple past | mentopalayaldımmı?was I able to beat? | sentopalayaldıŋmı?were you able to beat? | oltopalayaldımı?was he able to beat? | biztopalayaldıqmı?were we able to beat? | siztopalayaldığızmı?were you all able to beat? | alatopalayaldılamı?were they able to beat? |
| Ability — simple past | mentopalayalmadımmı?couldn't I beat? | sentopalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you beat? | oltopalayalmadımı?couldn't he beat? | biztopalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we beat? | siztopalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all beat? | alatopalayalmadılamı?couldn't they beat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentopalayalğanmaI have been able to beat | sentopalayalğansayou have been able to beat | oltopalayalğandıhe has been able to beat | biztopalayalğanbızwe have been able to beat | siztopalayalğansızyou all have been able to beat | alatopalayalğandılathey have been able to beat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentopalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to beat | sentopalayalmağansayou haven't been able to beat | oltopalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to beat | biztopalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to beat | siztopalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to beat | alatopalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to beat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentopalayalğanmamı? topalayalğanmıma?have I been able to beat? | sentopalayalğanmısa?have you been able to beat? | oltopalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to beat? | biztopalayalğanbızmı? topalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to beat? | siztopalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to beat? | alatopalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to beat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentopalayalmağanmamı? topalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to beat? | sentopalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to beat? | oltopalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to beat? | biztopalayalmağanbızmı? topalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to beat? | siztopalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to beat? | alatopalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to beat? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentopalayalğan edimtopalayalğanemI had been able to beat | sentopalayalğan ediŋtopalayalğaneŋyou had been able to beat | oltopalayalğan editopalayalğanedhe had been able to beat | biztopalayalğan ediktopalayalğanekwe had been able to beat | siztopalayalğan edigiztopalayalğanegizyou all had been able to beat | alatopalayalğan ediletopalayalğanellethey had been able to beat |
| Ability — past perfect | mentopalayalmağan edimtopalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to beat | sentopalayalmağan ediŋtopalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to beat | oltopalayalmağan editopalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to beat | biztopalayalmağan ediktopalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to beat | siztopalayalmağan edigiztopalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to beat | alatopalayalmağan ediletopalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to beat |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentopalayala edimtopalayalaemI could beat | sentopalayala ediŋtopalayalaeŋyou could beat | oltopalayala editopalayalaedhe could beat | biztopalayala ediktopalayalaekwe could beat | siztopalayala edigiztopalayalaegizyou all could beat | alatopalayala ediletopalayalaellethey could beat |
| Ability — past background | mentopalayalmay edimtopalayalmayemI could not beat | sentopalayalmay ediŋtopalayalmayeŋyou could not beat | oltopalayalmay editopalayalmayedhe could not beat | biztopalayalmay ediktopalayalmayekwe could not beat | siztopalayalmay edigiztopalayalmayegizyou all could not beat | alatopalayalmay ediletopalayalmayellethey could not beat |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentopalayalırmaI will be able to beat | sentopalayalırsayou will be able to beat | oltopalayalırhe will be able to beat | biztopalayalırbızwe will be able to beat | siztopalayalırsızyou all will be able to beat | alatopalayalırlathey will be able to beat |
| Ability — future I | mentopalayalmazmaI won't be able to beat | sentopalayalmazsayou won't be able to beat | oltopalayalmazhe won't be able to beat | biztopalayalmazbızwe won't be able to beat | siztopalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to beat | alatopalayalmazlathey won't be able to beat |
| Ability — future I | mentopalayalırmamı? topalayalırmıma?will I be able to beat? | sentopalayalırmısa?will you be able to beat? | oltopalayalırmı?will he be able to beat? | biztopalayalırbızmı? topalayalırmıbız?will we be able to beat? | siztopalayalırmısız?will you all be able to beat? | alatopalayalırlamı? topalayalırmıla?will they be able to beat? |
| Ability — future I | mentopalayalmazmamı? topalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to beat? | sentopalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to beat? | oltopalayalmazmı?won't he be able to beat? | biztopalayalmazbızmı? topalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to beat? | siztopalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to beat? | alatopalayalmazlamı? topalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to beat? |
| Ability — future II | mentopalayallıqmaI am going to be able to beat | sentopalayallıqsayou are going to be able to beat | oltopalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to beat | biztopalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to beat | siztopalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to beat | alatopalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to beat |
| Ability — future II | mentopalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to beat | sentopalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to beat | oltopalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to beat | biztopalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to beat | siztopalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to beat | alatopalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to beat |
| Ability — future II | mentopalayallıqmamı? topalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to beat? | sentopalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to beat? | oltopalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to beat? | biztopalayallıqbızmı? topalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to beat? | siztopalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to beat? | alatopalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to beat? |
| Ability — future II | mentopalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to beat? | sentopalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to beat? | oltopalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to beat? | biztopalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to beat? | siztopalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to beat? | alatopalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to beat? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentopalayalır edimtopalayalır emI would be able to beat | sentopalayalır ediŋtopalayalır eŋyou would be able to beat | oltopalayalır editopalayalır edhe would be able to beat | biztopalayalır ediktopalayalır ekwe would be able to beat | siztopalayalır edigiztopalayalır egizyou all would be able to beat | alatopalayalır ediletopalayalır ellethey would be able to beat |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentopalayalmaz edimtopalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to beat | sentopalayalmaz ediŋtopalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to beat | oltopalayalmaz editopalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to beat | biztopalayalmaz ediktopalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to beat | siztopalayalmaz edigiztopalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to beat | alatopalayalmaz ediletopalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to beat |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentopalayalğıntopalayalğımay you be able to beat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentopalayalmağıntopalayalmağımay you not be able to beat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentopalarğa izleymeI want to beat | sentopalarğa izleyseyou want to beat | oltopalarğa izleydihe wants to beat | biztopalarğa izleybizwe want to beat | siztopalarğa izleysizyou all want to beat | alatopalarğa izleydilethey want to beat |
| want to | mentopalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to beat | sentopalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to beat | oltopalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to beat | biztopalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to beat | siztopalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to beat | alatopalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to beat |
| would like to | mentopalarğa süemeI would like to beat | sentopalarğa süeseyou would like to beat | oltopalarğa süedihe would like to beat | biztopalarğa süebizwe would like to beat | siztopalarğa süesizyou all would like to beat | alatopalarğa süedilethey would like to beat |
| would like to | mentopalarğa süymeymeI would not like to beat | sentopalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to beat | oltopalarğa süymeydihe would not like to beat | biztopalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to beat | siztopalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to beat | alatopalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to beat |
| hope to | mentopalarğa umutlanamaI hope to beat | sentopalarğa umutlanasayou hope to beat | oltopalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to beat | biztopalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to beat | siztopalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to beat | alatopalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to beat |
| hope to | mentopalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to beat | sentopalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to beat | oltopalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to beat | biztopalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to beat | siztopalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to beat | alatopalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to beat |
| be about to | mentopalarğa deb turamaI am about to beat | sentopalarğa deb turasayou are about to beat | oltopalarğa deb turadıhe is about to beat | biztopalarğa deb turabızwe are about to beat | siztopalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to beat | alatopalarğa deb turadılathey are about to beat |
| be about to | mentopalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to beat | sentopalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to beat | oltopalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to beat | biztopalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to beat | siztopalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to beat | alatopalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to beat |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentopalarğa kerekmeI need to beat | sentopalarğa kerekseyou need to beat | oltopalarğa kerekdihe needs to beat | biztopalarğa kerekbizwe need to beat | siztopalarğa kereksizyou all need to beat | alatopalarğa kerekdilethey need to beat |
| need to | mentopalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to beat | sentopalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to beat | oltopalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to beat | biztopalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to beat | siztopalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to beat | alatopalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to beat |
| have to | menmenŋe topalarğa tüşediI have to beat | sensenŋe topalarğa tüşediyou have to beat | olaŋa topalarğa tüşedihe has to beat | bizbizge topalarğa tüşediwe have to beat | sizsizge topalarğa tüşediyou all have to beat | alaalağa topalarğa tüşedithey have to beat |
| have to | menmenŋe topalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to beat | sensenŋe topalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to beat | olaŋa topalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to beat | bizbizge topalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to beat | sizsizge topalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to beat | alaalağa topalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to beat |
| be obliged to | mentopalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to beat | sentopalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to beat | oltopalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to beat | biztopalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to beat | siztopalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to beat | alatopalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to beat |
| be obliged to | mentopalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to beat | sentopalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to beat | oltopalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to beat | biztopalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to beat | siztopalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to beat | alatopalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to beat |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentopalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to beat | sentopalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to beat | oltopalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to beat | biztopalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to beat | siztopalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to beat | alatopalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to beat |
| have a way to | mentopalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to beat | sentopalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to beat | oltopalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to beat | biztopalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to beat | siztopalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to beat | alatopalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to beat |
| be free to | mentopalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to beat | sentopalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to beat | oltopalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to beat | biztopalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to beat | siztopalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to beat | alatopalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to beat |
| be free to | mentopalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to beat | sentopalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to beat | oltopalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to beat | biztopalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to beat | siztopalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to beat | alatopalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to beat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe topalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to beat | sensenŋe topalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to beat | olaŋa topalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to beat | bizbizge topalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to beat | sizsizge topalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to beat | alaalağa topalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to beat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe topalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to beat | sensenŋe topalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to beat | olaŋa topalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to beat | bizbizge topalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to beat | sizsizge topalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to beat | alaalağa topalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to beat |
| be ready to | mentopalarğa hazırmaI am ready to beat | sentopalarğa hazırsayou are ready to beat | oltopalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to beat | biztopalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to beat | siztopalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to beat | alatopalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to beat |
| be ready to | mentopalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to beat | sentopalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to beat | oltopalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to beat | biztopalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to beat | siztopalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to beat | alatopalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to beat |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentopalarğa küreşemeI am trying to beat | sentopalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to beat | oltopalarğa küreşedihe is trying to beat | biztopalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to beat | siztopalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to beat | alatopalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to beat |
| try to | mentopalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to beat | sentopalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to beat | oltopalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to beat | biztopalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to beat | siztopalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to beat | alatopalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to beat |
| agree to | mentopalarğa unaymaI agree to beat | sentopalarğa unaysayou agree to beat | oltopalarğa unaydıhe agrees to beat | biztopalarğa unaybızwe agree to beat | siztopalarğa unaysızyou all agree to beat | alatopalarğa unaydılathey agree to beat |
| agree to | mentopalarğa unamaymaI refuse to beat | sentopalarğa unamaysayou refuse to beat | oltopalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to beat | biztopalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to beat | siztopalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to beat | alatopalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to beat |
| hurry to | mentopalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to beat | sentopalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to beat | oltopalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to beat | biztopalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to beat | siztopalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to beat | alatopalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to beat |
| hurry to | mentopalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to beat | sentopalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to beat | oltopalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to beat | biztopalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to beat | siztopalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to beat | alatopalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to beat |
| be afraid to | mentopalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to beat | sentopalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to beat | oltopalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to beat | biztopalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to beat | siztopalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to beat | alatopalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to beat |
| be afraid to | mentopalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to beat | sentopalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to beat | oltopalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to beat | biztopalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to beat | siztopalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to beat | alatopalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to beat |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentopalay bolmazmaI can't be beating | sentopalay bolmazsayou can't be beating | oltopalay bolmazhe can't be beating | biztopalay bolmazbızwe can't be beating | siztopalay bolmazsızyou all can't be beating | alatopalay bolmazlathey can't be beating |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentopalamay bolmazmaI must be beating (emphatic) | sentopalamay bolmazsayou must be beating (emphatic) | oltopalamay bolmazhe must be beating (emphatic) | biztopalamay bolmazbızwe must be beating (emphatic) | siztopalamay bolmazsızyou all must be beating (emphatic) | alatopalamay bolmazlathey must be beating (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentopalay turmasamif I don't keep beating | sentopalay turmasaŋif you don't keep beating | oltopalay turmasaif he doesn't keep beating | biztopalay turmasaqif we don't keep beating | siztopalay turmasağızif you all don't keep beating | alatopalay turmasalaif they don't keep beating |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentopalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of beating | sentopalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of beating | oltopalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of beating | biztopalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of beating | siztopalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of beating | alatopalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of beating |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentopalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not beating (emphatic) | sentopalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not beating (emphatic) | oltopalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not beating (emphatic) | biztopalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not beating (emphatic) | siztopalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not beating (emphatic) | alatopalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not beating (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentopalamay turamaI keep on not beating | sentopalamay turasayou keep on not beating | oltopalamay turadıhe keeps on not beating | biztopalamay turabızwe keep on not beating | siztopalamay turasızyou all keep on not beating | alatopalamay turadılathey keep on not beating |
| Progressive — double negation | mentopalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not beating | sentopalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not beating | oltopalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not beating | biztopalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not beating | siztopalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not beating | alatopalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not beating |
| Progressive — double negation | mentopalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not beating? | sentopalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not beating? | oltopalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not beating? | biztopalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not beating? | siztopalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not beating? | alatopalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not beating? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentopalağan bolmazmaI can't have beaten | sentopalağan bolmazsayou can't have beaten | oltopalağan bolmazhe can't have beaten | biztopalağan bolmazbızwe can't have beaten | siztopalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have beaten | alatopalağan bolmazlathey can't have beaten |
| Inference — double negation | mentopalamağan bolmazmaI must have beaten (emphatic) | sentopalamağan bolmazsayou must have beaten (emphatic) | oltopalamağan bolmazhe must have beaten (emphatic) | biztopalamağan bolmazbızwe must have beaten (emphatic) | siztopalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have beaten (emphatic) | alatopalamağan bolmazlathey must have beaten (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentopalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had beaten | sentopalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had beaten | oltopalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had beaten | biztopalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had beaten | siztopalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had beaten | alatopalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had beaten |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentopalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't beaten | sentopalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't beaten | oltopalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't beaten | biztopalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't beaten | siztopalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't beaten | alatopalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't beaten |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentopalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to beat | sentopalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to beat | oltopalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to beat | biztopalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to beat | siztopalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to beat | alatopalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to beat |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentopalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to beat (emphatic) | sentopalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to beat (emphatic) | oltopalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to beat (emphatic) | biztopalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to beat (emphatic) | siztopalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to beat (emphatic) | alatopalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to beat (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentopalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to beat | sentopalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to beat | oltopalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to beat | biztopalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to beat | siztopalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to beat | alatopalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to beat |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentopalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to beat | sentopalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to beat | oltopalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to beat | biztopalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to beat | siztopalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to beat | alatopalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to beat |