topalaw
/topalaw/ · plural topalawla
a beating, a flogging (with a stick) — The verbal noun of topalarğa "beat with a stick". Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Karachay.
- qatı topalaw — a severe beating
- topalawdan qorqadı — is afraid of a beating
- ol topalawnu unutmadı — did not forget that beating
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | topalawthe beating | topalawummy beating | topalawuŋyour beating | topalawuhis beating | topalawubuzour beating | topalawuğuzyou all's beating | topalawlarıtheir beatings |
| Genitive | topalawnuthe beating's | topalawumumy beating's | topalawuŋuyour beating's | topalawunuhis beating's | topalawubuznuour beating's | topalawuğuznuyou all's beating's | topalawlarınıtheir beatings' |
| Accusative | topalawnuthe beating (as the object) | topalawumumy beating (as the object) | topalawuŋuyour beating (as the object) | topalawunhis beating (as the object) | topalawubuznuour beating (as the object) | topalawuğuznuyou all's beating (as the object) | topalawlarıntheir beatings (as the object) |
| Dative | topalawğato the beating | topalawumato my beating | topalawuŋato your beating | topalawunato his beating | topalawubuzğato our beating | topalawuğuzğato you all's beating | topalawlarınato their beatings |
| Locative | topalawdain / at the beating | topalawumdain / at my beating | topalawuŋdain / at your beating | topalawundain / at his beating | topalawubuzdain / at our beating | topalawuğuzdain / at you all's beating | topalawlarındain / at their beatings |
| Ablative | topalawdanfrom the beating | topalawumdanfrom my beating | topalawuŋdanfrom your beating | topalawundanfrom his beating | topalawubuzdanfrom our beating | topalawuğuzdanfrom you all's beating | topalawlarındanfrom their beatings |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | topalawlathe beatings | topalawlarımmy beatings | topalawlarıŋyour beatings | topalawlarıhis beatings | topalawlarıbızour beatings | topalawlarığızyou all's beatings | topalawlarıtheir beatings |
| Genitive | topalawlanıthe beatings' | topalawlarımımy beatings' | topalawlarıŋıyour beatings' | topalawlarınıhis beatings' | topalawlarıbıznıour beatings' | topalawlarığıznıyou all's beatings' | topalawlarınıtheir beatings' |
| Accusative | topalawlanıthe beatings (as the object) | topalawlarımımy beatings (as the object) | topalawlarıŋıyour beatings (as the object) | topalawlarınhis beatings (as the object) | topalawlarıbıznıour beatings (as the object) | topalawlarığıznıyou all's beatings (as the object) | topalawlarıntheir beatings (as the object) |
| Dative | topalawlağato the beatings | topalawlarımato my beatings | topalawlarıŋato your beatings | topalawlarınato his beatings | topalawlarıbızğato our beatings | topalawlarığızğato you all's beatings | topalawlarınato their beatings |
| Locative | topalawladain / at the beatings | topalawlarımdain / at my beatings | topalawlarıŋdain / at your beatings | topalawlarındain / at his beatings | topalawlarıbızdain / at our beatings | topalawlarığızdain / at you all's beatings | topalawlarındain / at their beatings |
| Ablative | topalawladanfrom the beatings | topalawlarımdanfrom my beatings | topalawlarıŋdanfrom your beatings | topalawlarındanfrom his beatings | topalawlarıbızdanfrom our beatings | topalawlarığızdanfrom you all's beatings | topalawlarındanfrom their beatings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: topalawları can mean "his / her beatings", "their beating", or "their beatings" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.