teŋ
/teŋ/ · plural teŋle
1. friend, companion, comrade
- jan teŋim — my dearest friend
- halal teŋ — a true friend
- qısha teŋle — close friends
- tatlı teŋle — dear friends
- şkol teŋle — school friends
- teŋim keledi — my friend is coming
2. peer, one of the same age
- ala teŋledile — they are of the same age
- teŋ qızla — girls of the same age
- atam bla teŋdi — he is of the same age as my father
- Hasan bla Hakim teŋledile — Hasan and Hakim are the same age
- Ahmat teŋlerinden boyludu — Ahmat is taller than his peers
3. equal, identical, equivalent, the same in amount or size
- teŋ ülüşle — equal shares
- boyları teŋ jaşla — young men of the same height
- alanı awurluqları teŋdi — their weights are equal
- bizni ülüşleribiz teŋ edile — our shares were equal
4. equally, in equal shares
- teŋ üleşirge — to divide in equal shares
- aşnı barıbızğa da teŋ üleşdik — we shared out the food equally among us all
- açhanı ekigizge teŋ üleşigiz — divide the money equally between the two of you
5. an equal, a match — Said of a person who matches another in standing, ability or worth.
- ol senŋe teŋ tüldü — he is not your equal
- anŋa teŋ joqdu — he has no equal
- aŋa teŋ hazna adam joqdu — there is hardly anyone his equal
- sen kesiŋi aŋa teŋ sanaysa — you consider yourself his equal
6. together, at the same time
- teŋ keldik — we arrived at the same time
- teŋ başlarğa — to begin at the same time
- jawun bla teŋ jetdile — they arrived at the same time as the rain
- işibizni taŋ bla teŋ boşadıq — we finished our work at the same time as daybreak
7. fair, just, equal for everyone
- teŋ jaşaw — a fair life
- teŋ nasıb — a fair share of happiness
- andan sora milletle teŋ boldula — after that the peoples became equal
- barıbızğa da teŋ jaşaw kerekdi — we all need a life that is fair to everyone
8. of the right size, fitting
- palton menŋe teŋdi — the coat is just my size
- üsüme teŋ palton tabmayma — I can't find a coat my size
- üsüŋe teŋ kiyim — clothing that fits you
- ayaqlarıŋa teŋ çuruqla — shoes that fit your feet
9. evenly, uniformly
- eki janına teŋ tögülgen — spread evenly on both sides
- jüknü eki janına teŋ saldıla — they placed the load evenly on both sides
10. abreast, alongside — The person or thing kept level with is named in a comitative phrase.
- it bla teŋ çabarğa — to run alongside a dog
- birew bla teŋ atla — walk abreast of someone
- ol meni bla teŋ baradı — he keeps pace alongside me
- jaşçıq atası bla teŋ atlaydı — the boy walks abreast of his father
11. on equal terms, as an equal
- qızla jaşla bla teŋ işleydile — the girls work on equal terms with the boys
- ullula bla teŋ çalqı çalğandı — he mowed hay on equal terms with the grown men
- meni sabiyleri bla teŋ ösdürgendi — he raised me on equal terms with his children
Expressions
- antlı teŋ — sworn friend
- kesin kişige teŋ etmegen — arrogant, boastful
- teŋ etmezge — hold above all
- ağı bla qızılı teŋ tögülürge — be strikingly beautiful
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | teŋthe friend | teŋimmy friend | teŋiŋyour friend | teŋihis friend | teŋibizour friend | teŋigizyou all's friend | teŋleritheir friends |
| Genitive | teŋnithe friend's | teŋimimy friend's | teŋiŋiyour friend's | teŋinihis friend's | teŋibizniour friend's | teŋigizniyou all's friend's | teŋlerinitheir friends' |
| Accusative | teŋnithe friend (as the object) | teŋimimy friend (as the object) | teŋiŋiyour friend (as the object) | teŋinhis friend (as the object) | teŋibizniour friend (as the object) | teŋigizniyou all's friend (as the object) | teŋlerintheir friends (as the object) |
| Dative | teŋŋeto the friend | teŋimeto my friend | teŋiŋeto your friend | teŋineto his friend | teŋibizgeto our friend | teŋigizgeto you all's friend | teŋlerineto their friends |
| Locative | teŋdein / at the friend | teŋimdein / at my friend | teŋiŋdein / at your friend | teŋindein / at his friend | teŋibizdein / at our friend | teŋigizdein / at you all's friend | teŋlerindein / at their friends |
| Ablative | teŋdenfrom the friend | teŋimdenfrom my friend | teŋiŋdenfrom your friend | teŋindenfrom his friend | teŋibizdenfrom our friend | teŋigizdenfrom you all's friend | teŋlerindenfrom their friends |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | teŋlethe friends | teŋlerimmy friends | teŋleriŋyour friends | teŋlerihis friends | teŋleribizour friends | teŋlerigizyou all's friends | teŋleritheir friends |
| Genitive | teŋlenithe friends' | teŋlerimimy friends' | teŋleriŋiyour friends' | teŋlerinihis friends' | teŋleribizniour friends' | teŋlerigizniyou all's friends' | teŋlerinitheir friends' |
| Accusative | teŋlenithe friends (as the object) | teŋlerimimy friends (as the object) | teŋleriŋiyour friends (as the object) | teŋlerinhis friends (as the object) | teŋleribizniour friends (as the object) | teŋlerigizniyou all's friends (as the object) | teŋlerintheir friends (as the object) |
| Dative | teŋlegeto the friends | teŋlerimeto my friends | teŋleriŋeto your friends | teŋlerineto his friends | teŋleribizgeto our friends | teŋlerigizgeto you all's friends | teŋlerineto their friends |
| Locative | teŋledein / at the friends | teŋlerimdein / at my friends | teŋleriŋdein / at your friends | teŋlerindein / at his friends | teŋleribizdein / at our friends | teŋlerigizdein / at you all's friends | teŋlerindein / at their friends |
| Ablative | teŋledenfrom the friends | teŋlerimdenfrom my friends | teŋleriŋdenfrom your friends | teŋlerindenfrom his friends | teŋleribizdenfrom our friends | teŋlerigizdenfrom you all's friends | teŋlerindenfrom their friends |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: teŋleri can mean "his / her friends", "their friend", or "their friends" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | teŋnikithe friend's one | teŋnikilethe friend's ones | teŋlenikithe friends' one | teŋlenikilethe friends' ones |
| Genitive | teŋnikiniof the friend's one | teŋnikileniof the friend's ones | teŋlenikiniof the friends' one | teŋlenikileniof the friends' ones |
| Accusative | teŋnikinthe friend's one (as the object) | teŋnikilenithe friend's ones (as the object) | teŋlenikinthe friends' one (as the object) | teŋlenikilenithe friends' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | teŋnikineto the friend's one | teŋnikilegeto the friend's ones | teŋlenikineto the friends' one | teŋlenikilegeto the friends' ones |
| Locative | teŋnikindein / at the friend's one | teŋnikiledein / at the friend's ones | teŋlenikindein / at the friends' one | teŋlenikiledein / at the friends' ones |
| Ablative | teŋnikindenfrom the friend's one | teŋnikiledenfrom the friend's ones | teŋlenikindenfrom the friends' one | teŋlenikiledenfrom the friends' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | teŋmeI am equal | teŋseyou are equal | teŋdihe is equal | teŋbizwe are equal | teŋsizyou all are equal | teŋdilethey are equal |
| comparative — more | teŋirekmeI am more equal | teŋirekseyou are more equal | teŋirekdihe is more equal | teŋirekbizwe are more equal | teŋireksizyou all are more equal | teŋirekdilethey are more equal |
| intensifier — very | bek teŋmeI am very equal | bek teŋseyou are very equal | bek teŋdihe is very equal | bek teŋbizwe are very equal | bek teŋsizyou all are very equal | bek teŋdilethey are very equal |
| superlative — most | em teŋmeI am the most equal | em teŋseyou are the most equal | em teŋdihe is the most equal | em teŋbizwe are the most equal | em teŋsizyou all are the most equal | em teŋdilethey are the most equal |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden teŋdi — "compared to me, he is equal."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki teŋdimine is equal | seniki teŋdiyours is equal | anıqı teŋdihis is equal | bizniki teŋdiours is equal | sizniki teŋdiyours (pl.) is equal | alanıqı teŋditheirs is equal |
| comparative — more | meniki teŋirekdimine is more equal | seniki teŋirekdiyours is more equal | anıqı teŋirekdihis is more equal | bizniki teŋirekdiours is more equal | sizniki teŋirekdiyours (pl.) is more equal | alanıqı teŋirekditheirs is more equal |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek teŋdimine is very equal | seniki bek teŋdiyours is very equal | anıqı bek teŋdihis is very equal | bizniki bek teŋdiours is very equal | sizniki bek teŋdiyours (pl.) is very equal | alanıqı bek teŋditheirs is very equal |
| superlative — most | meniki em teŋdimine is the most equal | seniki em teŋdiyours is the most equal | anıqı em teŋdihis is the most equal | bizniki em teŋdiours is the most equal | sizniki em teŋdiyours (pl.) is the most equal | alanıqı em teŋditheirs is the most equal |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile teŋdilemine are equal | senikile teŋdileyours are equal | anıqıla teŋdilehis are equal | biznikile teŋdileours are equal | siznikile teŋdileyours (pl.) are equal | alanıqıla teŋdiletheirs are equal |
| comparative — more | menikile teŋirekdilemine are more equal | senikile teŋirekdileyours are more equal | anıqıla teŋirekdilehis are more equal | biznikile teŋirekdileours are more equal | siznikile teŋirekdileyours (pl.) are more equal | alanıqıla teŋirekdiletheirs are more equal |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek teŋdilemine are very equal | senikile bek teŋdileyours are very equal | anıqıla bek teŋdilehis are very equal | biznikile bek teŋdileours are very equal | siznikile bek teŋdileyours (pl.) are very equal | alanıqıla bek teŋdiletheirs are very equal |
| superlative — most | menikile em teŋdilemine are the most equal | senikile em teŋdileyours are the most equal | anıqıla em teŋdilehis are the most equal | biznikile em teŋdileours are the most equal | siznikile em teŋdileyours (pl.) are the most equal | alanıqıla em teŋdiletheirs are the most equal |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu teŋdi, bıla teŋdile. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".