joldaş
/dʒoldaʃ/ · plural joldaşla
1. fellow traveler, companion, comrade — The plural joldaşla is used to address a group, like English "comrades".
- aşhı joldaş — a good companion
- men joldaşım bla keldim — I came with my companion
- joldaşıŋ aqıllı bolsa — if your companion is wise
- joldaşla! — comrades!
- aman bla joldaş bolma — don't be a companion to a bad person
- jol tabhınçı joldaş tab — before you find the road, find a companion
- jolda joluqğan joldaş bolmaz — one met on the road won't become a companion
- joldaşını qadrin bilgen sıylı bolur — whoever values his comrade will be honored
2. comrade (as a title or form of address), citizen — Placed before a name or rank, as in joldaş kapitan "comrade captain". Common in Soviet-era usage.
- joldaş kapitan — comrade captain
- boluş, joldaş, qralıŋa! — help your country, comrade!
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | joldaşthe fellow traveler | joldaşımmy fellow traveler | joldaşıŋyour fellow traveler | joldaşıhis fellow traveler | joldaşıbızour fellow traveler | joldaşığızyou all's fellow traveler | joldaşlarıtheir fellow travelers |
| Genitive | joldaşnıthe fellow traveler's | joldaşımımy fellow traveler's | joldaşıŋıyour fellow traveler's | joldaşınıhis fellow traveler's | joldaşıbıznıour fellow traveler's | joldaşığıznıyou all's fellow traveler's | joldaşlarınıtheir fellow travelers' |
| Accusative | joldaşnıthe fellow traveler (as the object) | joldaşımımy fellow traveler (as the object) | joldaşıŋıyour fellow traveler (as the object) | joldaşınhis fellow traveler (as the object) | joldaşıbıznıour fellow traveler (as the object) | joldaşığıznıyou all's fellow traveler (as the object) | joldaşlarıntheir fellow travelers (as the object) |
| Dative | joldaşhato the fellow traveler | joldaşımato my fellow traveler | joldaşıŋato your fellow traveler | joldaşınato his fellow traveler | joldaşıbızğato our fellow traveler | joldaşığızğato you all's fellow traveler | joldaşlarınato their fellow travelers |
| Locative | joldaşdain / at the fellow traveler | joldaşımdain / at my fellow traveler | joldaşıŋdain / at your fellow traveler | joldaşındain / at his fellow traveler | joldaşıbızdain / at our fellow traveler | joldaşığızdain / at you all's fellow traveler | joldaşlarındain / at their fellow travelers |
| Ablative | joldaşdanfrom the fellow traveler | joldaşımdanfrom my fellow traveler | joldaşıŋdanfrom your fellow traveler | joldaşındanfrom his fellow traveler | joldaşıbızdanfrom our fellow traveler | joldaşığızdanfrom you all's fellow traveler | joldaşlarındanfrom their fellow travelers |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | joldaşlathe fellow travelers | joldaşlarımmy fellow travelers | joldaşlarıŋyour fellow travelers | joldaşlarıhis fellow travelers | joldaşlarıbızour fellow travelers | joldaşlarığızyou all's fellow travelers | joldaşlarıtheir fellow travelers |
| Genitive | joldaşlanıthe fellow travelers' | joldaşlarımımy fellow travelers' | joldaşlarıŋıyour fellow travelers' | joldaşlarınıhis fellow travelers' | joldaşlarıbıznıour fellow travelers' | joldaşlarığıznıyou all's fellow travelers' | joldaşlarınıtheir fellow travelers' |
| Accusative | joldaşlanıthe fellow travelers (as the object) | joldaşlarımımy fellow travelers (as the object) | joldaşlarıŋıyour fellow travelers (as the object) | joldaşlarınhis fellow travelers (as the object) | joldaşlarıbıznıour fellow travelers (as the object) | joldaşlarığıznıyou all's fellow travelers (as the object) | joldaşlarıntheir fellow travelers (as the object) |
| Dative | joldaşlağato the fellow travelers | joldaşlarımato my fellow travelers | joldaşlarıŋato your fellow travelers | joldaşlarınato his fellow travelers | joldaşlarıbızğato our fellow travelers | joldaşlarığızğato you all's fellow travelers | joldaşlarınato their fellow travelers |
| Locative | joldaşladain / at the fellow travelers | joldaşlarımdain / at my fellow travelers | joldaşlarıŋdain / at your fellow travelers | joldaşlarındain / at his fellow travelers | joldaşlarıbızdain / at our fellow travelers | joldaşlarığızdain / at you all's fellow travelers | joldaşlarındain / at their fellow travelers |
| Ablative | joldaşladanfrom the fellow travelers | joldaşlarımdanfrom my fellow travelers | joldaşlarıŋdanfrom your fellow travelers | joldaşlarındanfrom his fellow travelers | joldaşlarıbızdanfrom our fellow travelers | joldaşlarığızdanfrom you all's fellow travelers | joldaşlarındanfrom their fellow travelers |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: joldaşları can mean "his / her fellow travelers", "their fellow traveler", or "their fellow travelers" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | joldaşnıqıthe fellow traveler's one | joldaşnıqılathe fellow traveler's ones | joldaşlanıqıthe fellow travelers' one | joldaşlanıqılathe fellow travelers' ones |
| Genitive | joldaşnıqınıof the fellow traveler's one | joldaşnıqılanıof the fellow traveler's ones | joldaşlanıqınıof the fellow travelers' one | joldaşlanıqılanıof the fellow travelers' ones |
| Accusative | joldaşnıqınthe fellow traveler's one (as the object) | joldaşnıqılanıthe fellow traveler's ones (as the object) | joldaşlanıqınthe fellow travelers' one (as the object) | joldaşlanıqılanıthe fellow travelers' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | joldaşnıqınato the fellow traveler's one | joldaşnıqılağato the fellow traveler's ones | joldaşlanıqınato the fellow travelers' one | joldaşlanıqılağato the fellow travelers' ones |
| Locative | joldaşnıqındain / at the fellow traveler's one | joldaşnıqıladain / at the fellow traveler's ones | joldaşlanıqındain / at the fellow travelers' one | joldaşlanıqıladain / at the fellow travelers' ones |
| Ablative | joldaşnıqındanfrom the fellow traveler's one | joldaşnıqıladanfrom the fellow traveler's ones | joldaşlanıqındanfrom the fellow travelers' one | joldaşlanıqıladanfrom the fellow travelers' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.