tawusurğa
/tawusurʁa/
1. finish, complete, bring to an end; graduate from (a school)
- işni tawusurğa — to finish the work
- institutnu tawusurğa — to graduate from the institute
- şkolnu tawusub, institutha kirdi — having finished school, he entered the institute
- men işimi tawusdum — I finished my work
- ol işin tawusdu — he finished his work
2. use up, consume, squander
- rıshını tawusurğa — to squander a fortune
- saw tetradnı tawusurğa — to fill a whole exercise book with writing
- ol açhasın tawusdu — he used up his money
- biz suwnu tawusduq — we used up the water
- azıqnı tawusdula — they used up the provisions
3. exhaust, drain, wear down (a person or their patience); of illness, waste away
- anı awruw tawusub qoyğandı — the illness has worn him right out
- qayğı anı tawusdu — grief wore him out
- qıyın iş adamnı tawusadı — hard work wears a person out
4. wear out (clothing, footwear)
- eki qawum ayaq kiyim tawusdu — he wore out two pairs of shoes
- çuruqlarımı tawusdum — I wore out my boots
- tüŋkeŋi tawusurğa — to wear oneself out with grief
5. spend, live out (a lifetime, a night)
- ol ömürün elde tawusdu — he spent his life in the village
6. travel the whole length of, go all the way through (a road, a forest) one source
- jolowçu jolun tawusur — the traveler will reach the end of his road
- jolnu tawusalmay qıynalama — I struggle, unable to get to the end of the road
7. stop, quit (work, service) one source
- işlerin tört sağatda tawusa edile — they would stop their work at four o'clock
8. wipe out, exterminate, kill off — Also used figuratively.
- jawlarıbıznı tawusduq — we wiped out our enemies
Expressions
- jaşaw jolun tawusurğa — to die
- köz jaşların tawusurğa — cry oneself out
- köz jawların tawusurğa — grow weary waiting; covet, admire; go blind weeping
- kursun tawusurğa — know it already
Conjugation
Common forms
- tawusadıhe is finishing
- tawusduhe finished
- tawushandıhe has finished
- tawusurhe will finish
- tawusuruqduhe is going to finish
- tawusa edihe was finishing
- tawussaif he finishes
- tawus!finish!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentawusamaI am finishing | sentawusasayou are finishing | oltawusadıhe is finishing | biztawusabızwe are finishing | siztawusasızyou all are finishing | alatawusadılathey are finishing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentawusmaymaI am not finishing | sentawusmaysayou are not finishing | oltawusmaydıhe is not finishing | biztawusmaybızwe are not finishing | siztawusmaysızyou all are not finishing | alatawusmaydılathey are not finishing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentawusamamı? tawusamıma?am I finishing? | sentawusamısa?are you finishing? | oltawusamıdı?is he finishing? | biztawusabızmı? tawusamıbız?are we finishing? | siztawusamısız?are you all finishing? | alatawusamıdıla?are they finishing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentawusmaymamı? tawusmaymıma?aren't I finishing? | sentawusmaymısa?aren't you finishing? | oltawusmaymıdı?isn't he finishing? | biztawusmaybızmı? tawusmaymıbız?aren't we finishing? | siztawusmaymısız?aren't you all finishing? | alatawusmaymıdıla?aren't they finishing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentawusuwçanmaI usually finish | sentawusuwçansayou usually finish | oltawusuwçandıhe usually finishes | biztawusuwçanbızwe usually finish | siztawusuwçansızyou all usually finish | alatawusuwçandılathey usually finish |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentawusmawçanmaI usually don't finish | sentawusmawçansayou usually don't finish | oltawusmawçandıhe usually doesn't finish | biztawusmawçanbızwe usually don't finish | siztawusmawçansızyou all usually don't finish | alatawusmawçandılathey usually don't finish |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentawusuwçanmamı? tawusuwçanmıma?do I usually finish? | sentawusuwçanmısa?do you usually finish? | oltawusuwçanmıdı?does he usually finish? | biztawusuwçanbızmı? tawusuwçanmıbız?do we usually finish? | siztawusuwçanmısız?do you all usually finish? | alatawusuwçanmıdıla?do they usually finish? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentawusmawçanmamı? tawusmawçanmıma?do I usually not finish? | sentawusmawçanmısa?do you usually not finish? | oltawusmawçanmıdı?does he usually not finish? | biztawusmawçanbızmı? tawusmawçanmıbız?do we usually not finish? | siztawusmawçanmısız?do you all usually not finish? | alatawusmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not finish? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltawusubduhe has finished and remains so | alatawusubdulathey have finished and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltawusubmudu?has he finished? | alatawusubmudula?have they finished? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentawusub turamaI keep finishing | sentawusub turasayou keep finishing | oltawusub turadıhe keeps finishing | biztawusub turabızwe keep finishing | siztawusub turasızyou all keep finishing | alatawusub turadılathey keep finishing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentawusub turmaymaI don't keep finishing | sentawusub turmaysayou don't keep finishing | oltawusub turmaydıhe doesn't keep finishing | biztawusub turmaybızwe don't keep finishing | siztawusub turmaysızyou all don't keep finishing | alatawusub turmaydılathey don't keep finishing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentawusub turamamı? tawusub turamıma?do I keep finishing? | sentawusub turamısa?do you keep finishing? | oltawusub turamıdı?does he keep finishing? | biztawusub turabızmı? tawusub turamıbız?do we keep finishing? | siztawusub turamısız?do you all keep finishing? | alatawusub turamıdıla?do they keep finishing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentawusub turmaymamı? tawusub turmaymıma?don't I keep finishing? | sentawusub turmaymısa?don't you keep finishing? | oltawusub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep finishing? | biztawusub turmaybızmı? tawusub turmaymıbız?don't we keep finishing? | siztawusub turmaymısız?don't you all keep finishing? | alatawusub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep finishing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentawusa turamaI am in the middle of finishing | sentawusa turasayou are in the middle of finishing | oltawusa turadıhe is in the middle of finishing | biztawusa turabızwe are in the middle of finishing | siztawusa turasızyou all are in the middle of finishing | alatawusa turadılathey are in the middle of finishing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentawusa turmaymaI am not in the middle of finishing | sentawusa turmaysayou are not in the middle of finishing | oltawusa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of finishing | biztawusa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of finishing | siztawusa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of finishing | alatawusa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of finishing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentawusa turamamı? tawusa turamıma?am I in the middle of finishing? | sentawusa turamısa?are you in the middle of finishing? | oltawusa turamıdı?is he in the middle of finishing? | biztawusa turabızmı? tawusa turamıbız?are we in the middle of finishing? | siztawusa turamısız?are you all in the middle of finishing? | alatawusa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of finishing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentawusa turmaymamı? tawusa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of finishing? | sentawusa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of finishing? | oltawusa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of finishing? | biztawusa turmaybızmı? tawusa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of finishing? | siztawusa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of finishing? | alatawusa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of finishing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentawusdumI finished | sentawusduŋyou finished | oltawusduhe finished | biztawusduqwe finished | siztawusduğuzyou all finished | alatawusdulathey finished |
| Simple past (definite) | mentawusmadımI didn't finish | sentawusmadıŋyou didn't finish | oltawusmadıhe didn't finish | biztawusmadıqwe didn't finish | siztawusmadığızyou all didn't finish | alatawusmadılathey didn't finish |
| Simple past (definite) | mentawusdummu?did I finish? | sentawusduŋmu?did you finish? | oltawusdumu?did he finish? | biztawusduqmu?did we finish? | siztawusduğuzmu?did you all finish? | alatawusdulamı?did they finish? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentawusmadımmı?didn't I finish? | sentawusmadıŋmı?didn't you finish? | oltawusmadımı?didn't he finish? | biztawusmadıqmı?didn't we finish? | siztawusmadığızmı?didn't you all finish? | alatawusmadılamı?didn't they finish? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentawushanmaI have finished | sentawushansayou have finished | oltawushandıhe has finished | biztawushanbızwe have finished | siztawushansızyou all have finished | alatawushandılathey have finished |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentawusmağanmaI haven't finished | sentawusmağansayou haven't finished | oltawusmağandıhe hasn't finished | biztawusmağanbızwe haven't finished | siztawusmağansızyou all haven't finished | alatawusmağandılathey haven't finished |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentawushanmamı? tawushanmıma?have I finished? | sentawushanmısa?have you finished? | oltawushanmıdı?has he finished? | biztawushanbızmı? tawushanmıbız?have we finished? | siztawushanmısız?have you all finished? | alatawushanmıdıla?have they finished? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentawusmağanmamı? tawusmağanmıma?haven't I finished? | sentawusmağanmısa?haven't you finished? | oltawusmağanmıdı?hasn't he finished? | biztawusmağanbızmı? tawusmağanmıbız?haven't we finished? | siztawusmağanmısız?haven't you all finished? | alatawusmağanmıdıla?haven't they finished? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentawusub turdumI kept finishing | sentawusub turduŋyou kept finishing | oltawusub turduhe kept finishing | biztawusub turduqwe kept finishing | siztawusub turduğuzyou all kept finishing | alatawusub turdulathey kept finishing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentawusub turmadımI didn't keep finishing | sentawusub turmadıŋyou didn't keep finishing | oltawusub turmadıhe didn't keep finishing | biztawusub turmadıqwe didn't keep finishing | siztawusub turmadığızyou all didn't keep finishing | alatawusub turmadılathey didn't keep finishing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentawusurmaI will finish | sentawusursayou will finish | oltawusurhe will finish | biztawusurbuzwe will finish | siztawusursuzyou all will finish | alatawusurlathey will finish |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentawusmazmaI won't finish | sentawusmazsayou won't finish | oltawusmazhe won't finish | biztawusmazbızwe won't finish | siztawusmazsızyou all won't finish | alatawusmazlathey won't finish |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentawusurmamı? tawusurmuma?will I finish? | sentawusurmusa?will you finish? | oltawusurmu?will he finish? | biztawusurbuzmu? tawusurmubuz?will we finish? | siztawusurmusuz?will you all finish? | alatawusurlamı? tawusurmula?will they finish? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentawusmazmamı? tawusmazmıma?won't I finish? | sentawusmazmısa?won't you finish? | oltawusmazmı?won't he finish? | biztawusmazbızmı? tawusmazmıbız?won't we finish? | siztawusmazmısız?won't you all finish? | alatawusmazlamı? tawusmazmıla?won't they finish? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentawusuruqmaI am going to finish | sentawusuruqsayou are going to finish | oltawusuruqduhe is going to finish | biztawusuruqbuzwe are going to finish | siztawusuruqsuzyou all are going to finish | alatawusuruqdulathey are going to finish |
| Definite future (future II) | mentawusuruq tülmeI am not going to finish | sentawusuruq tülseyou are not going to finish | oltawusuruq tüldühe is not going to finish | biztawusuruq tülbüzwe are not going to finish | siztawusuruq tülsüzyou all are not going to finish | alatawusuruq tüldülethey are not going to finish |
| Definite future (future II) | mentawusuruqmamı? tawusuruqmuma?am I going to finish? | sentawusuruqmusa?are you going to finish? | oltawusuruqmudu?is he going to finish? | biztawusuruqbuzmu? tawusuruqmubuz?are we going to finish? | siztawusuruqmusuz?are you all going to finish? | alatawusuruqmudula?are they going to finish? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentawusuruq tülmüme?aren't I going to finish? | sentawusuruq tülmüse?aren't you going to finish? | oltawusuruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to finish? | biztawusuruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to finish? | siztawusuruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to finish? | alatawusuruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to finish? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentawushan edimtawushanemI had finished | sentawushan ediŋtawushaneŋyou had finished | oltawushan editawushanedhe had finished | biztawushan ediktawushanekwe had finished | siztawushan edigiztawushanegizyou all had finished | alatawushan ediletawushanellethey had finished |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentawusmağan edimtawusmağanemI hadn't finished | sentawusmağan ediŋtawusmağaneŋyou hadn't finished | oltawusmağan editawusmağanedhe hadn't finished | biztawusmağan ediktawusmağanekwe hadn't finished | siztawusmağan edigiztawusmağanegizyou all hadn't finished | alatawusmağan ediletawusmağanellethey hadn't finished |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentawusa edimtawusaemI was finishing | sentawusa ediŋtawusaeŋyou were finishing | oltawusa editawusaedhe was finishing | biztawusa ediktawusaekwe were finishing | siztawusa edigiztawusaegizyou all were finishing | alatawusa ediletawusaellethey were finishing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentawusmay edimtawusmayemI wasn't finishing | sentawusmay ediŋtawusmayeŋyou weren't finishing | oltawusmay editawusmayedhe wasn't finishing | biztawusmay ediktawusmayekwe weren't finishing | siztawusmay edigiztawusmayegizyou all weren't finishing | alatawusmay ediletawusmayellethey weren't finishing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentawusuwçan edimtawusuwçanemI used to finish | sentawusuwçan ediŋtawusuwçaneŋyou used to finish | oltawusuwçan editawusuwçanedhe used to finish | biztawusuwçan ediktawusuwçanekwe used to finish | siztawusuwçan edigiztawusuwçanegizyou all used to finish | alatawusuwçan ediletawusuwçanellethey used to finish |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentawusmawçan edimtawusmawçanemI didn't use to finish | sentawusmawçan ediŋtawusmawçaneŋyou didn't use to finish | oltawusmawçan editawusmawçanedhe didn't use to finish | biztawusmawçan ediktawusmawçanekwe didn't use to finish | siztawusmawçan edigiztawusmawçanegizyou all didn't use to finish | alatawusmawçan ediletawusmawçanellethey didn't use to finish |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltawusub edihe had finished and remained so | alatawusub edilethey had finished and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltawusub tül edihe hadn't finished | alatawusub tül edilethey hadn't finished | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentawusub tura edimtawusub turaemI had kept finishing | sentawusub tura ediŋtawusub turaeŋyou had kept finishing | oltawusub tura editawusub turaedhe had kept finishing | biztawusub tura ediktawusub turaekwe had kept finishing | siztawusub tura edigiztawusub turaegizyou all had kept finishing | alatawusub tura ediletawusub turaellethey had kept finishing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentawusub turmay edimtawusub turmayemI hadn't kept finishing | sentawusub turmay ediŋtawusub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept finishing | oltawusub turmay editawusub turmayedhe hadn't kept finishing | biztawusub turmay ediktawusub turmayekwe hadn't kept finishing | siztawusub turmay edigiztawusub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept finishing | alatawusub turmay ediletawusub turmayellethey hadn't kept finishing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentawusa tura edimtawusa turaemI was in the middle of finishing | sentawusa tura ediŋtawusa turaeŋyou were in the middle of finishing | oltawusa tura editawusa turaedhe was in the middle of finishing | biztawusa tura ediktawusa turaekwe were in the middle of finishing | siztawusa tura edigiztawusa turaegizyou all were in the middle of finishing | alatawusa tura ediletawusa turaellethey were in the middle of finishing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentawusa turmay edimtawusa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of finishing | sentawusa turmay ediŋtawusa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of finishing | oltawusa turmay editawusa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of finishing | biztawusa turmay ediktawusa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of finishing | siztawusa turmay edigiztawusa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of finishing | alatawusa turmay ediletawusa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of finishing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentawusur edimtawusur emI would finish | sentawusur ediŋtawusur eŋyou would finish | oltawusur editawusur edhe would finish | biztawusur ediktawusur ekwe would finish | siztawusur edigiztawusur egizyou all would finish | alatawusur ediletawusur ellethey would finish |
| Conditional result (would) | mentawusmaz edimtawusmaz emI wouldn't finish | sentawusmaz ediŋtawusmaz eŋyou wouldn't finish | oltawusmaz editawusmaz edhe wouldn't finish | biztawusmaz ediktawusmaz ekwe wouldn't finish | siztawusmaz edigiztawusmaz egizyou all wouldn't finish | alatawusmaz ediletawusmaz ellethey wouldn't finish |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentawusuruq edimtawusuruq emI would have finished | sentawusuruq ediŋtawusuruq eŋyou would have finished | oltawusuruq editawusuruq edhe would have finished | biztawusuruq ediktawusuruq ekwe would have finished | siztawusuruq edigiztawusuruq egizyou all would have finished | alatawusuruq ediletawusuruq ellethey would have finished |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentawusuruq tül edimtawusuruq tül emI wouldn't have finished | sentawusuruq tül ediŋtawusuruq tül eŋyou wouldn't have finished | oltawusuruq tül editawusuruq tül edhe wouldn't have finished | biztawusuruq tül ediktawusuruq tül ekwe wouldn't have finished | siztawusuruq tül edigiztawusuruq tül egizyou all wouldn't have finished | alatawusuruq tül ediletawusuruq tül ellethey wouldn't have finished |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentawussamif I finish | sentawussaŋif you finish | oltawussaif he finishes | biztawussaqif we finish | siztawussağızif you all finish | alatawussalaif they finish |
| Conditional | mentawusmasamif I don't finish | sentawusmasaŋif you don't finish | oltawusmasaif he doesn't finish | biztawusmasaqif we don't finish | siztawusmasağızif you all don't finish | alatawusmasalaif they don't finish |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentawusa esemif I am finishing | sentawusa eseŋif you are finishing | oltawusa eseif he is finishing | biztawusa esekif we are finishing | siztawusa esegizif you all are finishing | alatawusa eseleif they are finishing |
| Conditional, present real | mentawusmay esemif I am not finishing | sentawusmay eseŋif you are not finishing | oltawusmay eseif he is not finishing | biztawusmay esekif we are not finishing | siztawusmay esegizif you all are not finishing | alatawusmay eseleif they are not finishing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentawussam editawussam edif only I finished | sentawussaŋ editawussaŋ edif only you finished | oltawussa editawussaedif only he finished | biztawussaq editawussaq edif only we finished | siztawussağız editawussağız edif only you all finished | alatawussala editawussalaedif only they finished |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentawusmasam editawusmasam edif only I didn't finish | sentawusmasaŋ editawusmasaŋ edif only you didn't finish | oltawusmasa editawusmasaedif only he didn't finish | biztawusmasaq editawusmasaq edif only we didn't finish | siztawusmasağız editawusmasağız edif only you all didn't finish | alatawusmasala editawusmasalaedif only they didn't finish |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentawusub tursamif I carry on finishing | sentawusub tursaŋif you carry on finishing | oltawusub tursaif he carries on finishing | biztawusub tursaqif we carry on finishing | siztawusub tursağızif you all carry on finishing | alatawusub tursalaif they carry on finishing |
| Durative conditional | mentawusub turmasamif I don't carry on finishing | sentawusub turmasaŋif you don't carry on finishing | oltawusub turmasaif he doesn't carry on finishing | biztawusub turmasaqif we don't carry on finishing | siztawusub turmasağızif you all don't carry on finishing | alatawusub turmasalaif they don't carry on finishing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentawusub tura esemif I have kept finishing | sentawusub tura eseŋif you have kept finishing | oltawusub tura eseif he has kept finishing | biztawusub tura esekif we have kept finishing | siztawusub tura esegizif you all have kept finishing | alatawusub tura eseleif they have kept finishing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentawusub turmay esemif I haven't kept finishing | sentawusub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept finishing | oltawusub turmay eseif he hasn't kept finishing | biztawusub turmay esekif we haven't kept finishing | siztawusub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept finishing | alatawusub turmay eseleif they haven't kept finishing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentawusa tursamif I keep finishing | sentawusa tursaŋif you keep finishing | oltawusa tursaif he keeps finishing | biztawusa tursaqif we keep finishing | siztawusa tursağızif you all keep finishing | alatawusa tursalaif they keep finishing |
| Progressive conditional | mentawusmay tursamif I keep on not finishing | sentawusmay tursaŋif you keep on not finishing | oltawusmay tursaif he keeps on not finishing | biztawusmay tursaqif we keep on not finishing | siztawusmay tursağızif you all keep on not finishing | alatawusmay tursalaif they keep on not finishing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentawusa tura esemif I am in the middle of finishing | sentawusa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of finishing | oltawusa tura eseif he is in the middle of finishing | biztawusa tura esekif we are in the middle of finishing | siztawusa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of finishing | alatawusa tura eseleif they are in the middle of finishing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentawusmay tura esemif I keep on not finishing | sentawusmay tura eseŋif you keep on not finishing | oltawusmay tura eseif he keeps on not finishing | biztawusmay tura esekif we keep on not finishing | siztawusmay tura esegizif you all keep on not finishing | alatawusmay tura eseleif they keep on not finishing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentawusdum esemif I finished | sentawusduŋ eseŋif you finished | oltawusdu eseif he finished | biztawusduq esekif we finished | siztawusduğuz esegizif you all finished | alatawusdula eseleif they finished |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentawusmadım esemif I didn't finish | sentawusmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't finish | oltawusmadı eseif he didn't finish | biztawusmadıq esekif we didn't finish | siztawusmadığız esegizif you all didn't finish | alatawusmadıla eseleif they didn't finish |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentawushan esemif I did finish (indeed) | sentawushan eseŋif you did finish (indeed) | oltawushan eseif he did finish (indeed) | biztawushan esekif we did finish (indeed) | siztawushan esegizif you all did finish (indeed) | alatawushan eseleif they did finish (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentawusmağan esemif I didn't finish (indeed) | sentawusmağan eseŋif you didn't finish (indeed) | oltawusmağan eseif he didn't finish (indeed) | biztawusmağan esekif we didn't finish (indeed) | siztawusmağan esegizif you all didn't finish (indeed) | alatawusmağan eseleif they didn't finish (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentawushan bolsamif I had finished | sentawushan bolsaŋif you had finished | oltawushan bolsaif he had finished | biztawushan bolsaqif we had finished | siztawushan bolsağızif you all had finished | alatawushan bolsalaif they had finished |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentawusmağan bolsamif I hadn't finished | sentawusmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't finished | oltawusmağan bolsaif he hadn't finished | biztawusmağan bolsaqif we hadn't finished | siztawusmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't finished | alatawusmağan bolsalaif they hadn't finished |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentawushan bolsam editawushan bolsam edif only I had finished | sentawushan bolsaŋ editawushan bolsaŋ edif only you had finished | oltawushan bolsa editawushan bolsaedif only he had finished | biztawushan bolsaq editawushan bolsaq edif only we had finished | siztawushan bolsağız editawushan bolsağız edif only you all had finished | alatawushan bolsala editawushan bolsalaedif only they had finished |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentawusmağan bolsam editawusmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't finished | sentawusmağan bolsaŋ editawusmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't finished | oltawusmağan bolsa editawusmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't finished | biztawusmağan bolsaq editawusmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't finished | siztawusmağan bolsağız editawusmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't finished | alatawusmağan bolsala editawusmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't finished |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentawusur esemif I will finish | sentawusur eseŋif you will finish | oltawusur eseif he will finish | biztawusur esekif we will finish | siztawusur esegizif you all will finish | alatawusur eseleif they will finish |
| Conditional, aorist | mentawusmaz esemif I won't finish | sentawusmaz eseŋif you won't finish | oltawusmaz eseif he won't finish | biztawusmaz esekif we won't finish | siztawusmaz esegizif you all won't finish | alatawusmaz eseleif they won't finish |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentawusuruq esemif I am going to finish | sentawusuruq eseŋif you are going to finish | oltawusuruq eseif he is going to finish | biztawusuruq esekif we are going to finish | siztawusuruq esegizif you all are going to finish | alatawusuruq eseleif they are going to finish |
| Conditional, future | mentawusuruq tül esemif I am not going to finish | sentawusuruq tül eseŋif you are not going to finish | oltawusuruq tül eseif he is not going to finish | biztawusuruq tül esekif we are not going to finish | siztawusuruq tül esegizif you all are not going to finish | alatawusuruq tül eseleif they are not going to finish |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentawusuruq bolsamif I were going to finish | sentawusuruq bolsaŋif you were going to finish | oltawusuruq bolsaif he were going to finish | biztawusuruq bolsaqif we were going to finish | siztawusuruq bolsağızif you all were going to finish | alatawusuruq bolsalaif they were going to finish |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentawusmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to finish | sentawusmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to finish | oltawusmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to finish | biztawusmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to finish | siztawusmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to finish | alatawusmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to finish |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tawusduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentawusa bolurmaI must be finishing | sentawusa bolursayou must be finishing | oltawusa bolurhe must be finishing | biztawusa bolurbuzwe must be finishing | siztawusa bolursuzyou all must be finishing | alatawusa bolurlathey must be finishing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentawusmay bolurmaI must not be finishing | sentawusmay bolursayou must not be finishing | oltawusmay bolurhe must not be finishing | biztawusmay bolurbuzwe must not be finishing | siztawusmay bolursuzyou all must not be finishing | alatawusmay bolurlathey must not be finishing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentawusa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of finishing | sentawusa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of finishing | oltawusa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of finishing | biztawusa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of finishing | siztawusa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of finishing | alatawusa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of finishing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentawusmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not finishing | sentawusmay tura bolursayou must keep on not finishing | oltawusmay tura bolurhe must keep on not finishing | biztawusmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not finishing | siztawusmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not finishing | alatawusmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not finishing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentawushan bolurmaI must have finished | sentawushan bolursayou must have finished | oltawushan bolurhe must have finished | biztawushan bolurbuzwe must have finished | siztawushan bolursuzyou all must have finished | alatawushan bolurlathey must have finished |
| Inference (must have) | mentawusmağan bolurmaI must not have finished | sentawusmağan bolursayou must not have finished | oltawusmağan bolurhe must not have finished | biztawusmağan bolurbuzwe must not have finished | siztawusmağan bolursuzyou all must not have finished | alatawusmağan bolurlathey must not have finished |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentawusuruq bolurmaI must be going to finish | sentawusuruq bolursayou must be going to finish | oltawusuruq bolurhe must be going to finish | biztawusuruq bolurbuzwe must be going to finish | siztawusuruq bolursuzyou all must be going to finish | alatawusuruq bolurlathey must be going to finish |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentawusmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to finish | sentawusmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to finish | oltawusmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to finish | biztawusmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to finish | siztawusmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to finish | alatawusmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to finish |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentawusayımlet me finish | sentawus!finish! | oltawussunlet him finish | biztawusayıqlet's finish | siztawusuğuz!finish, you all! | alatawussunlalet them finish |
| Commands & suggestions | mentawusmayımlet me not finish | sentawusma!don't finish! | oltawusmasınlet him not finish | biztawusmayıqlet's not finish | siztawusmağız!don't finish, you all! | alatawusmasınlalet them not finish |
| Commands & suggestions | mentawusayımmı?shall I finish? | oltawussunmu?should he finish? | biztawusayıqmı?shall we finish? | alatawussunlamı?should they finish? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentawusmayımmı?shall I not finish? | oltawusmasınmı?should he not finish? | biztawusmayıqmı?shall we not finish? | alatawusmasınlamı?should they not finish? | ||
| Requests | sentawusçu2tawusçunplease finish | oltawussunçudo let him finish | siztawusçuğuzplease finish (plural/polite) | alatawussunlaçıdo let them finish | ||
| Requests | sentawusmaçı2tawusmaçınplease don't finish | oltawusmasınçıdo let him not finish | siztawusmaçığızplease don't finish (plural/polite) | alatawusmasınlaçıdo let them not finish | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentawushuntawushumay you finish | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentawusmağıntawusmağımay you not finish | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentawushay edim tawusha edimwould that I finished | sentawushay ediŋ tawusha ediŋwould that you finished | oltawushay edi tawusha ediwould that he finished | biztawushay edik tawusha edikwould that we finished | siztawushay edigiz tawusha edigizwould that you all finished | alatawushay edile tawusha edilewould that they finished |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentawusmağay edim tawusmağa edimwould that I did not finish | sentawusmağay ediŋ tawusmağa ediŋwould that you did not finish | oltawusmağay edi tawusmağa ediwould that he did not finish | biztawusmağay edik tawusmağa edikwould that we did not finish | siztawusmağay edigiz tawusmağa edigizwould that you all did not finish | alatawusmağay edile tawusmağa edilewould that they did not finish |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentawusmağa qoyayımtawusma qoyayımlet me allow someone to finish | sentawusmağa qoy!tawusma qoy!let someone finish! | oltawusmağa qoysuntawusma qoysunlet him allow someone to finish | biztawusmağa qoyayıqtawusma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to finish | siztawusmağa qoyuğuz!tawusma qoyuğuz!let someone finish, you all! | alatawusmağa qoysunlatawusma qoysunlalet them allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentawusmağa qoymayımtawusma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to finish | sentawusmağa qoyma!tawusma qoyma!don't let someone finish! | oltawusmağa qoymasıntawusma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to finish | biztawusmağa qoymayıqtawusma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to finish | siztawusmağa qoymağız!tawusma qoymağız!don't let someone finish, you all! | alatawusmağa qoymasınlatawusma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentawusmağa qoyayımmı?tawusma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to finish? | oltawusmağa qoysunmu?tawusma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to finish? | biztawusmağa qoyayıqmı?tawusma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to finish? | alatawusmağa qoysunlamı?tawusma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to finish? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentawusmağa qoymayımmı?tawusma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to finish? | oltawusmağa qoymasınmı?tawusma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to finish? | biztawusmağa qoymayıqmı?tawusma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to finish? | alatawusmağa qoymasınlamı?tawusma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to finish? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentawusmağa qoyamatawusma qoyamaI allow someone to finish | sentawusmağa qoyasatawusma qoyasayou allow someone to finish | oltawusmağa qoyadıtawusma qoyadıhe allows someone to finish | biztawusmağa qoyabıztawusma qoyabızwe allow someone to finish | siztawusmağa qoyasıztawusma qoyasızyou all allow someone to finish | alatawusmağa qoyadılatawusma qoyadılathey allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (present) | mentawusmağa qoymaymatawusma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to finish | sentawusmağa qoymaysatawusma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to finish | oltawusmağa qoymaydıtawusma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to finish | biztawusmağa qoymaybıztawusma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to finish | siztawusmağa qoymaysıztawusma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to finish | alatawusmağa qoymaydılatawusma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (present) | mentawusmağa qoyamamı?tawusma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to finish? | sentawusmağa qoyamısa?tawusma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to finish? | oltawusmağa qoyamıdı?tawusma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to finish? | biztawusmağa qoyabızmı?tawusma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to finish? | siztawusmağa qoyamısız?tawusma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to finish? | alatawusmağa qoyamıdıla?tawusma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to finish? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentawusmağa qoymaymamı?tawusma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to finish? | sentawusmağa qoymaymısa?tawusma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to finish? | oltawusmağa qoymaymıdı?tawusma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to finish? | biztawusmağa qoymaybızmı?tawusma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to finish? | siztawusmağa qoymaymısız?tawusma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to finish? | alatawusmağa qoymaymıdıla?tawusma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to finish? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentawusmağa qoydumtawusma qoydumI allowed someone to finish | sentawusmağa qoyduŋtawusma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to finish | oltawusmağa qoydutawusma qoyduhe allowed someone to finish | biztawusmağa qoyduqtawusma qoyduqwe allowed someone to finish | siztawusmağa qoyduğuztawusma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to finish | alatawusmağa qoydulatawusma qoydulathey allowed someone to finish |
| Let someone… (past) | mentawusmağa qoymadımtawusma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to finish | sentawusmağa qoymadıŋtawusma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to finish | oltawusmağa qoymadıtawusma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to finish | biztawusmağa qoymadıqtawusma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to finish | siztawusmağa qoymadığıztawusma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to finish | alatawusmağa qoymadılatawusma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (past) | mentawusmağa qoydummu?tawusma qoydummu?did I allow someone to finish? | sentawusmağa qoyduŋmu?tawusma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to finish? | oltawusmağa qoydumu?tawusma qoydumu?did he allow someone to finish? | biztawusmağa qoyduqmu?tawusma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to finish? | siztawusmağa qoyduğuzmu?tawusma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to finish? | alatawusmağa qoydulamı?tawusma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to finish? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentawusmağa qoymadımmı?tawusma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to finish? | sentawusmağa qoymadıŋmı?tawusma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to finish? | oltawusmağa qoymadımı?tawusma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to finish? | biztawusmağa qoymadıqmı?tawusma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to finish? | siztawusmağa qoymadığızmı?tawusma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to finish? | alatawusmağa qoymadılamı?tawusma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to finish? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tawusalırğa be able to finish · tawusalmazğa be unable to finish
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentawusalamaI can finish | sentawusalasayou can finish | oltawusaladıhe can finish | biztawusalabızwe can finish | siztawusalasızyou all can finish | alatawusaladılathey can finish |
| Ability — present | mentawusalmaymaI can't finish | sentawusalmaysayou can't finish | oltawusalmaydıhe can't finish | biztawusalmaybızwe can't finish | siztawusalmaysızyou all can't finish | alatawusalmaydılathey can't finish |
| Ability — present | mentawusalamamı? tawusalamıma?can I finish? | sentawusalamısa?can you finish? | oltawusalamıdı?can he finish? | biztawusalabızmı? tawusalamıbız?can we finish? | siztawusalamısız?can you all finish? | alatawusalamıdıla?can they finish? |
| Ability — present | mentawusalmaymamı? tawusalmaymıma?can't I finish? | sentawusalmaymısa?can't you finish? | oltawusalmaymıdı?can't he finish? | biztawusalmaybızmı? tawusalmaymıbız?can't we finish? | siztawusalmaymısız?can't you all finish? | alatawusalmaymıdıla?can't they finish? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentawusalsamif I can finish | sentawusalsaŋif you can finish | oltawusalsaif he can finish | biztawusalsaqif we can finish | siztawusalsağızif you all can finish | alatawusalsalaif they can finish |
| Ability — if I can… | mentawusalmasamif I can't finish | sentawusalmasaŋif you can't finish | oltawusalmasaif he can't finish | biztawusalmasaqif we can't finish | siztawusalmasağızif you all can't finish | alatawusalmasalaif they can't finish |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentawusaldımI was able to finish | sentawusaldıŋyou were able to finish | oltawusaldıhe was able to finish | biztawusaldıqwe were able to finish | siztawusaldığızyou all were able to finish | alatawusaldılathey were able to finish |
| Ability — simple past | mentawusalmadımI could not finish | sentawusalmadıŋyou could not finish | oltawusalmadıhe could not finish | biztawusalmadıqwe could not finish | siztawusalmadığızyou all could not finish | alatawusalmadılathey could not finish |
| Ability — simple past | mentawusaldımmı?was I able to finish? | sentawusaldıŋmı?were you able to finish? | oltawusaldımı?was he able to finish? | biztawusaldıqmı?were we able to finish? | siztawusaldığızmı?were you all able to finish? | alatawusaldılamı?were they able to finish? |
| Ability — simple past | mentawusalmadımmı?couldn't I finish? | sentawusalmadıŋmı?couldn't you finish? | oltawusalmadımı?couldn't he finish? | biztawusalmadıqmı?couldn't we finish? | siztawusalmadığızmı?couldn't you all finish? | alatawusalmadılamı?couldn't they finish? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentawusalğanmaI have been able to finish | sentawusalğansayou have been able to finish | oltawusalğandıhe has been able to finish | biztawusalğanbızwe have been able to finish | siztawusalğansızyou all have been able to finish | alatawusalğandılathey have been able to finish |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentawusalmağanmaI haven't been able to finish | sentawusalmağansayou haven't been able to finish | oltawusalmağandıhe hasn't been able to finish | biztawusalmağanbızwe haven't been able to finish | siztawusalmağansızyou all haven't been able to finish | alatawusalmağandılathey haven't been able to finish |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentawusalğanmamı? tawusalğanmıma?have I been able to finish? | sentawusalğanmısa?have you been able to finish? | oltawusalğanmıdı?has he been able to finish? | biztawusalğanbızmı? tawusalğanmıbız?have we been able to finish? | siztawusalğanmısız?have you all been able to finish? | alatawusalğanmıdıla?have they been able to finish? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentawusalmağanmamı? tawusalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to finish? | sentawusalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to finish? | oltawusalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to finish? | biztawusalmağanbızmı? tawusalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to finish? | siztawusalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to finish? | alatawusalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to finish? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentawusalğan edimtawusalğanemI had been able to finish | sentawusalğan ediŋtawusalğaneŋyou had been able to finish | oltawusalğan editawusalğanedhe had been able to finish | biztawusalğan ediktawusalğanekwe had been able to finish | siztawusalğan edigiztawusalğanegizyou all had been able to finish | alatawusalğan ediletawusalğanellethey had been able to finish |
| Ability — past perfect | mentawusalmağan edimtawusalmağanemI hadn't been able to finish | sentawusalmağan ediŋtawusalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to finish | oltawusalmağan editawusalmağanedhe hadn't been able to finish | biztawusalmağan ediktawusalmağanekwe hadn't been able to finish | siztawusalmağan edigiztawusalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to finish | alatawusalmağan ediletawusalmağanellethey hadn't been able to finish |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentawusala edimtawusalaemI could finish | sentawusala ediŋtawusalaeŋyou could finish | oltawusala editawusalaedhe could finish | biztawusala ediktawusalaekwe could finish | siztawusala edigiztawusalaegizyou all could finish | alatawusala ediletawusalaellethey could finish |
| Ability — past background | mentawusalmay edimtawusalmayemI could not finish | sentawusalmay ediŋtawusalmayeŋyou could not finish | oltawusalmay editawusalmayedhe could not finish | biztawusalmay ediktawusalmayekwe could not finish | siztawusalmay edigiztawusalmayegizyou all could not finish | alatawusalmay ediletawusalmayellethey could not finish |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentawusalırmaI will be able to finish | sentawusalırsayou will be able to finish | oltawusalırhe will be able to finish | biztawusalırbızwe will be able to finish | siztawusalırsızyou all will be able to finish | alatawusalırlathey will be able to finish |
| Ability — future I | mentawusalmazmaI won't be able to finish | sentawusalmazsayou won't be able to finish | oltawusalmazhe won't be able to finish | biztawusalmazbızwe won't be able to finish | siztawusalmazsızyou all won't be able to finish | alatawusalmazlathey won't be able to finish |
| Ability — future I | mentawusalırmamı? tawusalırmıma?will I be able to finish? | sentawusalırmısa?will you be able to finish? | oltawusalırmı?will he be able to finish? | biztawusalırbızmı? tawusalırmıbız?will we be able to finish? | siztawusalırmısız?will you all be able to finish? | alatawusalırlamı? tawusalırmıla?will they be able to finish? |
| Ability — future I | mentawusalmazmamı? tawusalmazmıma?won't I be able to finish? | sentawusalmazmısa?won't you be able to finish? | oltawusalmazmı?won't he be able to finish? | biztawusalmazbızmı? tawusalmazmıbız?won't we be able to finish? | siztawusalmazmısız?won't you all be able to finish? | alatawusalmazlamı? tawusalmazmıla?won't they be able to finish? |
| Ability — future II | mentawusallıqmaI am going to be able to finish | sentawusallıqsayou are going to be able to finish | oltawusallıqdıhe is going to be able to finish | biztawusallıqbızwe are going to be able to finish | siztawusallıqsızyou all are going to be able to finish | alatawusallıqdılathey are going to be able to finish |
| Ability — future II | mentawusallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to finish | sentawusallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to finish | oltawusallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to finish | biztawusallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to finish | siztawusallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to finish | alatawusallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to finish |
| Ability — future II | mentawusallıqmamı? tawusallıqmıma?am I going to be able to finish? | sentawusallıqmısa?are you going to be able to finish? | oltawusallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to finish? | biztawusallıqbızmı? tawusallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to finish? | siztawusallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to finish? | alatawusallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to finish? |
| Ability — future II | mentawusallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to finish? | sentawusallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to finish? | oltawusallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to finish? | biztawusallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to finish? | siztawusallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to finish? | alatawusallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to finish? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentawusalır edimtawusalır emI would be able to finish | sentawusalır ediŋtawusalır eŋyou would be able to finish | oltawusalır editawusalır edhe would be able to finish | biztawusalır ediktawusalır ekwe would be able to finish | siztawusalır edigiztawusalır egizyou all would be able to finish | alatawusalır ediletawusalır ellethey would be able to finish |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentawusalmaz edimtawusalmaz emI wouldn't be able to finish | sentawusalmaz ediŋtawusalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to finish | oltawusalmaz editawusalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to finish | biztawusalmaz ediktawusalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to finish | siztawusalmaz edigiztawusalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to finish | alatawusalmaz ediletawusalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to finish |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentawusalğıntawusalğımay you be able to finish | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentawusalmağıntawusalmağımay you not be able to finish | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentawusurğa izleymeI want to finish | sentawusurğa izleyseyou want to finish | oltawusurğa izleydihe wants to finish | biztawusurğa izleybizwe want to finish | siztawusurğa izleysizyou all want to finish | alatawusurğa izleydilethey want to finish |
| want to | mentawusurğa izlemeymeI do not want to finish | sentawusurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to finish | oltawusurğa izlemeydihe does not want to finish | biztawusurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to finish | siztawusurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to finish | alatawusurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to finish |
| would like to | mentawusurğa süemeI would like to finish | sentawusurğa süeseyou would like to finish | oltawusurğa süedihe would like to finish | biztawusurğa süebizwe would like to finish | siztawusurğa süesizyou all would like to finish | alatawusurğa süedilethey would like to finish |
| would like to | mentawusurğa süymeymeI would not like to finish | sentawusurğa süymeyseyou would not like to finish | oltawusurğa süymeydihe would not like to finish | biztawusurğa süymeybizwe would not like to finish | siztawusurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to finish | alatawusurğa süymeydilethey would not like to finish |
| hope to | mentawusurğa umutlanamaI hope to finish | sentawusurğa umutlanasayou hope to finish | oltawusurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to finish | biztawusurğa umutlanabızwe hope to finish | siztawusurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to finish | alatawusurğa umutlanadılathey hope to finish |
| hope to | mentawusurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to finish | sentawusurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to finish | oltawusurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to finish | biztawusurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to finish | siztawusurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to finish | alatawusurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to finish |
| be about to | mentawusurğa deb turamaI am about to finish | sentawusurğa deb turasayou are about to finish | oltawusurğa deb turadıhe is about to finish | biztawusurğa deb turabızwe are about to finish | siztawusurğa deb turasızyou all are about to finish | alatawusurğa deb turadılathey are about to finish |
| be about to | mentawusurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to finish | sentawusurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to finish | oltawusurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to finish | biztawusurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to finish | siztawusurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to finish | alatawusurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to finish |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentawusurğa kerekmeI need to finish | sentawusurğa kerekseyou need to finish | oltawusurğa kerekdihe needs to finish | biztawusurğa kerekbizwe need to finish | siztawusurğa kereksizyou all need to finish | alatawusurğa kerekdilethey need to finish |
| need to | mentawusurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to finish | sentawusurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to finish | oltawusurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to finish | biztawusurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to finish | siztawusurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to finish | alatawusurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to finish |
| have to | menmenŋe tawusurğa tüşediI have to finish | sensenŋe tawusurğa tüşediyou have to finish | olaŋa tawusurğa tüşedihe has to finish | bizbizge tawusurğa tüşediwe have to finish | sizsizge tawusurğa tüşediyou all have to finish | alaalağa tawusurğa tüşedithey have to finish |
| have to | menmenŋe tawusurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to finish | sensenŋe tawusurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to finish | olaŋa tawusurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to finish | bizbizge tawusurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to finish | sizsizge tawusurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to finish | alaalağa tawusurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to finish |
| be obliged to | mentawusurğa borçlumaI am obliged to finish | sentawusurğa borçlusayou are obliged to finish | oltawusurğa borçluduhe is obliged to finish | biztawusurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to finish | siztawusurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to finish | alatawusurğa borçludulathey are obliged to finish |
| be obliged to | mentawusurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to finish | sentawusurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to finish | oltawusurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to finish | biztawusurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to finish | siztawusurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to finish | alatawusurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to finish |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentawusurğa madarım bardıI have a way to finish | sentawusurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to finish | oltawusurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to finish | biztawusurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to finish | siztawusurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to finish | alatawusurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to finish |
| have a way to | mentawusurğa madarım joqduI have no way to finish | sentawusurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to finish | oltawusurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to finish | biztawusurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to finish | siztawusurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to finish | alatawusurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to finish |
| be free to | mentawusurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to finish | sentawusurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to finish | oltawusurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to finish | biztawusurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to finish | siztawusurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to finish | alatawusurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to finish |
| be free to | mentawusurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to finish | sentawusurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to finish | oltawusurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to finish | biztawusurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to finish | siztawusurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to finish | alatawusurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to finish |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tawusurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to finish | sensenŋe tawusurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to finish | olaŋa tawusurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to finish | bizbizge tawusurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to finish | sizsizge tawusurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to finish | alaalağa tawusurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to finish |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tawusurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to finish | sensenŋe tawusurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to finish | olaŋa tawusurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to finish | bizbizge tawusurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to finish | sizsizge tawusurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to finish | alaalağa tawusurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to finish |
| be ready to | mentawusurğa hazırmaI am ready to finish | sentawusurğa hazırsayou are ready to finish | oltawusurğa hazırdıhe is ready to finish | biztawusurğa hazırbızwe are ready to finish | siztawusurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to finish | alatawusurğa hazırdılathey are ready to finish |
| be ready to | mentawusurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to finish | sentawusurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to finish | oltawusurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to finish | biztawusurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to finish | siztawusurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to finish | alatawusurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to finish |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentawusurğa küreşemeI am trying to finish | sentawusurğa küreşeseyou are trying to finish | oltawusurğa küreşedihe is trying to finish | biztawusurğa küreşebizwe are trying to finish | siztawusurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to finish | alatawusurğa küreşedilethey are trying to finish |
| try to | mentawusurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to finish | sentawusurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to finish | oltawusurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to finish | biztawusurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to finish | siztawusurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to finish | alatawusurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to finish |
| agree to | mentawusurğa unaymaI agree to finish | sentawusurğa unaysayou agree to finish | oltawusurğa unaydıhe agrees to finish | biztawusurğa unaybızwe agree to finish | siztawusurğa unaysızyou all agree to finish | alatawusurğa unaydılathey agree to finish |
| agree to | mentawusurğa unamaymaI refuse to finish | sentawusurğa unamaysayou refuse to finish | oltawusurğa unamaydıhe refuses to finish | biztawusurğa unamaybızwe refuse to finish | siztawusurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to finish | alatawusurğa unamaydılathey refuse to finish |
| hurry to | mentawusurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to finish | sentawusurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to finish | oltawusurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to finish | biztawusurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to finish | siztawusurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to finish | alatawusurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to finish |
| hurry to | mentawusurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to finish | sentawusurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to finish | oltawusurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to finish | biztawusurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to finish | siztawusurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to finish | alatawusurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to finish |
| be afraid to | mentawusurğa qorqamaI am afraid to finish | sentawusurğa qorqasayou are afraid to finish | oltawusurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to finish | biztawusurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to finish | siztawusurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to finish | alatawusurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to finish |
| be afraid to | mentawusurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to finish | sentawusurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to finish | oltawusurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to finish | biztawusurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to finish | siztawusurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to finish | alatawusurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to finish |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentawusa bolmazmaI can't be finishing | sentawusa bolmazsayou can't be finishing | oltawusa bolmazhe can't be finishing | biztawusa bolmazbızwe can't be finishing | siztawusa bolmazsızyou all can't be finishing | alatawusa bolmazlathey can't be finishing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentawusmay bolmazmaI must be finishing (emphatic) | sentawusmay bolmazsayou must be finishing (emphatic) | oltawusmay bolmazhe must be finishing (emphatic) | biztawusmay bolmazbızwe must be finishing (emphatic) | siztawusmay bolmazsızyou all must be finishing (emphatic) | alatawusmay bolmazlathey must be finishing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentawusa turmasamif I don't keep finishing | sentawusa turmasaŋif you don't keep finishing | oltawusa turmasaif he doesn't keep finishing | biztawusa turmasaqif we don't keep finishing | siztawusa turmasağızif you all don't keep finishing | alatawusa turmasalaif they don't keep finishing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentawusa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of finishing | sentawusa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of finishing | oltawusa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of finishing | biztawusa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of finishing | siztawusa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of finishing | alatawusa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of finishing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentawusmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | sentawusmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | oltawusmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | biztawusmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | siztawusmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | alatawusmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not finishing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentawusmay turamaI keep on not finishing | sentawusmay turasayou keep on not finishing | oltawusmay turadıhe keeps on not finishing | biztawusmay turabızwe keep on not finishing | siztawusmay turasızyou all keep on not finishing | alatawusmay turadılathey keep on not finishing |
| Progressive — double negation | mentawusmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not finishing | sentawusmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not finishing | oltawusmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not finishing | biztawusmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not finishing | siztawusmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not finishing | alatawusmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not finishing |
| Progressive — double negation | mentawusmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not finishing? | sentawusmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not finishing? | oltawusmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not finishing? | biztawusmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not finishing? | siztawusmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not finishing? | alatawusmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not finishing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentawushan bolmazmaI can't have finished | sentawushan bolmazsayou can't have finished | oltawushan bolmazhe can't have finished | biztawushan bolmazbızwe can't have finished | siztawushan bolmazsızyou all can't have finished | alatawushan bolmazlathey can't have finished |
| Inference — double negation | mentawusmağan bolmazmaI must have finished (emphatic) | sentawusmağan bolmazsayou must have finished (emphatic) | oltawusmağan bolmazhe must have finished (emphatic) | biztawusmağan bolmazbızwe must have finished (emphatic) | siztawusmağan bolmazsızyou all must have finished (emphatic) | alatawusmağan bolmazlathey must have finished (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentawushan bolmasamif it weren't that I had finished | sentawushan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had finished | oltawushan bolmasaif it weren't that he had finished | biztawushan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had finished | siztawushan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had finished | alatawushan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had finished |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentawusmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't finished | sentawusmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't finished | oltawusmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't finished | biztawusmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't finished | siztawusmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't finished | alatawusmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't finished |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentawusuruq bolmazmaI can't be going to finish | sentawusuruq bolmazsayou can't be going to finish | oltawusuruq bolmazhe can't be going to finish | biztawusuruq bolmazbızwe can't be going to finish | siztawusuruq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to finish | alatawusuruq bolmazlathey can't be going to finish |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentawusmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to finish (emphatic) | sentawusmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to finish (emphatic) | oltawusmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to finish (emphatic) | biztawusmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to finish (emphatic) | siztawusmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to finish (emphatic) | alatawusmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to finish (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentawusuruq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to finish | sentawusuruq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to finish | oltawusuruq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to finish | biztawusuruq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to finish | siztawusuruq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to finish | alatawusuruq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to finish |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentawusmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to finish | sentawusmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to finish | oltawusmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to finish | biztawusmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to finish | siztawusmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to finish | alatawusmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to finish |