tawlu
/tawlu/
Definitions
1. mountaineer, highlander, mountain-dweller
- tawlu adam tawnu qılığın bilir — a mountaineer knows the ways of the mountain
- batır, qonaqçı tawlula — brave, hospitable mountaineers
- tawluğa jol qıyınlığı qorquw bolmaz — road hardship is no fear for a mountaineer
- tawlu ellede hawa ariwdu — the air is fresh in the highlanders' villages
2. a Balkar, a member of the Balkar people
- tawlula bla Qaraçaylıla qarnadaş halqlardıla — the Balkars and Karachays are brotherly peoples
- tawlu qardaşlarıbızğa salam jiberdik — we sent greetings to our Balkar brothers
- tawlu til bla Qaraçay til — the Balkar and Karachay languages
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | tawluthe mountaineer | tawlulathe mountaineers | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | tawlunuthe mountaineer's | tawlulanıthe mountaineers' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | tawlunuthe mountaineer (as the object) | tawlulanıthe mountaineers (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | tawluğato the mountaineer | tawlulağato the mountaineers | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | tawludaat / in the mountaineer | tawluladaat / in the mountaineers | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | tawludanfrom the mountaineer | tawluladanfrom the mountaineers | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | tawlummy mountaineer | tawlularımmy mountaineers |
| your | tawlungyour mountaineer | tawlularıngyour mountaineers |
| his / her | tawlusuhis / her mountaineer | tawlularıhis / her mountaineers |
| our | tawlubuzour mountaineer | tawlularıbızour mountaineers |
| you all's | tawluğuzyou all's mountaineer | tawlularığızyou all's mountaineers |
| their | tawlularıtheir mountaineer | tawlularıtheir mountaineers |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: tawluları can mean "his / her mountaineers", "their mountaineer", or "their mountaineers" — context decides.