tawlu
/tawlu/ · plural tawlula
1. highlander, mountaineer, mountain dweller, a person who lives in the mountains — Used of the mountain peoples of the Caucasus generally, such as the Balkars, Karachays and Ossetians. With a following noun such as tişirıw or qız it names a mountain woman or girl.
- tawlu tawnu süedi — a highlander loves the mountain
- tawlula tawlanı bek süedile — highlanders love the mountains very much
- tawlula tawda jaşaydıla — mountaineers live in the mountains
- jiger tawlula — brave highlanders
- batır, qonaqçı tawlula — brave, hospitable mountaineers
- tawlu tişirıw — a mountain woman
- tawlu adam tawnu qılığın bilir — a mountaineer knows the ways of the mountain
- tawluğa jol qıyınlığı qorquw bolmaz — the hardship of the road is no fear for a mountaineer
2. Balkar, a member of the Balkar people — Before another noun it means Balkar, of the Balkars. One dictionary marks this meaning as dialectal.
- bu jaş tawludu — this young man is a Balkar
- tawlula bla qaraçaylıla qarnaş halqladıla — the Balkars and Karachays are brotherly peoples
- tawlula bla qabartılıla — Balkars and Kabardians
- tawlula bla birge oruslula, qabartılıla — Russians and Kabardians together with the Balkars
- tawlu qarnaşlarıbızğa salam jiberdik — we sent greetings to our Balkar brothers
- tawlu til bla Qaraçay til — the Balkar and Karachay languages
3. mountain, mountainous, highland — In this meaning the word stands before the noun it describes.
- tawlu jer — a mountainous place
- tawlu jurt — a mountainous country
- tawlu elde eki jıl jaşağanma — I lived in a mountain village for two years
- tawlu ellede hawa ariwdu — the air is lovely in the mountain villages
Expressions
- eşegi ölgen tawluça — downcast, crestfallen
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tawluthe mountaineer | tawlummy mountaineer | tawluŋyour mountaineer | tawlusuhis mountaineer | tawlubuzour mountaineer | tawluğuzyou all's mountaineer | tawlularıtheir mountaineers |
| Genitive | tawlunuthe mountaineer's | tawlumumy mountaineer's | tawluŋuyour mountaineer's | tawlusunuhis mountaineer's | tawlubuznuour mountaineer's | tawluğuznuyou all's mountaineer's | tawlularınıtheir mountaineers' |
| Accusative | tawlunuthe mountaineer (as the object) | tawlumumy mountaineer (as the object) | tawluŋuyour mountaineer (as the object) | tawlusunhis mountaineer (as the object) | tawlubuznuour mountaineer (as the object) | tawluğuznuyou all's mountaineer (as the object) | tawlularıntheir mountaineers (as the object) |
| Dative | tawluğato the mountaineer | tawlumato my mountaineer | tawluŋato your mountaineer | tawlusunato his mountaineer | tawlubuzğato our mountaineer | tawluğuzğato you all's mountaineer | tawlularınato their mountaineers |
| Locative | tawludain / at the mountaineer | tawlumdain / at my mountaineer | tawluŋdain / at your mountaineer | tawlusundain / at his mountaineer | tawlubuzdain / at our mountaineer | tawluğuzdain / at you all's mountaineer | tawlularındain / at their mountaineers |
| Ablative | tawludanfrom the mountaineer | tawlumdanfrom my mountaineer | tawluŋdanfrom your mountaineer | tawlusundanfrom his mountaineer | tawlubuzdanfrom our mountaineer | tawluğuzdanfrom you all's mountaineer | tawlularındanfrom their mountaineers |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tawlulathe mountaineers | tawlularımmy mountaineers | tawlularıŋyour mountaineers | tawlularıhis mountaineers | tawlularıbızour mountaineers | tawlularığızyou all's mountaineers | tawlularıtheir mountaineers |
| Genitive | tawlulanıthe mountaineers' | tawlularımımy mountaineers' | tawlularıŋıyour mountaineers' | tawlularınıhis mountaineers' | tawlularıbıznıour mountaineers' | tawlularığıznıyou all's mountaineers' | tawlularınıtheir mountaineers' |
| Accusative | tawlulanıthe mountaineers (as the object) | tawlularımımy mountaineers (as the object) | tawlularıŋıyour mountaineers (as the object) | tawlularınhis mountaineers (as the object) | tawlularıbıznıour mountaineers (as the object) | tawlularığıznıyou all's mountaineers (as the object) | tawlularıntheir mountaineers (as the object) |
| Dative | tawlulağato the mountaineers | tawlularımato my mountaineers | tawlularıŋato your mountaineers | tawlularınato his mountaineers | tawlularıbızğato our mountaineers | tawlularığızğato you all's mountaineers | tawlularınato their mountaineers |
| Locative | tawluladain / at the mountaineers | tawlularımdain / at my mountaineers | tawlularıŋdain / at your mountaineers | tawlularındain / at his mountaineers | tawlularıbızdain / at our mountaineers | tawlularığızdain / at you all's mountaineers | tawlularındain / at their mountaineers |
| Ablative | tawluladanfrom the mountaineers | tawlularımdanfrom my mountaineers | tawlularıŋdanfrom your mountaineers | tawlularındanfrom his mountaineers | tawlularıbızdanfrom our mountaineers | tawlularığızdanfrom you all's mountaineers | tawlularındanfrom their mountaineers |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: tawluları can mean "his / her mountaineers", "their mountaineer", or "their mountaineers" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tawlunuquthe mountaineer's one | tawlunuqulathe mountaineer's ones | tawlulanıqıthe mountaineers' one | tawlulanıqılathe mountaineers' ones |
| Genitive | tawlunuqunuof the mountaineer's one | tawlunuqulanıof the mountaineer's ones | tawlulanıqınıof the mountaineers' one | tawlulanıqılanıof the mountaineers' ones |
| Accusative | tawlunuqunthe mountaineer's one (as the object) | tawlunuqulanıthe mountaineer's ones (as the object) | tawlulanıqınthe mountaineers' one (as the object) | tawlulanıqılanıthe mountaineers' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | tawlunuqunato the mountaineer's one | tawlunuqulağato the mountaineer's ones | tawlulanıqınato the mountaineers' one | tawlulanıqılağato the mountaineers' ones |
| Locative | tawlunuqundain / at the mountaineer's one | tawlunuquladain / at the mountaineer's ones | tawlulanıqındain / at the mountaineers' one | tawlulanıqıladain / at the mountaineers' ones |
| Ablative | tawlunuqundanfrom the mountaineer's one | tawlunuquladanfrom the mountaineer's ones | tawlulanıqındanfrom the mountaineers' one | tawlulanıqıladanfrom the mountaineers' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.