tözerge
/tøzerɡe/
1. endure, bear, stand, be patient — What is endured takes the dative case.
- bir kesek tözügüz — be patient a little while
- qalay tözüb turasa? — how do you bear it?
- köbüne tözgen azına da töz — you who bore the greater part, bear the lesser too
- tözgenibiz köbdü! — we have endured enough!
2. restrain oneself, hold back
- küçden tözüb turdum — I barely held myself back
- ol tözüb bolmay qaldı — he could not hold back any longer
- tözüb qoyarğa — to hold oneself back, to swallow it
3. withstand, hold out, live through, survive
- awurluqğa tözerge — to withstand the weight
- qıyınlıqğa tözerge — to withstand hardship
- açığanŋa tözerge — to live through the pain
- tözerge küreşirge — to try to hold out
4. put up with, tolerate, reconcile oneself to
- kemliklege tözüb tururğa — to put up with shortcomings
- adam tözmez iş — a thing no one can put up with
- bıllay işge tözerge bolmaydı — one cannot put up with such a thing
Conjugation
Common forms
- tözedihe is enduring
- tözdühe endured
- tözgendihe has endured
- tözerhe will endure
- tözerikdihe is going to endure
- töze edihe was enduring
- tözseif he endures
- töz!endure!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentözemeI am enduring | sentözeseyou are enduring | oltözedihe is enduring | biztözebizwe are enduring | siztözesizyou all are enduring | alatözedilethey are enduring |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentözmeymeI am not enduring | sentözmeyseyou are not enduring | oltözmeydihe is not enduring | biztözmeybizwe are not enduring | siztözmeysizyou all are not enduring | alatözmeydilethey are not enduring |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentözememi? tözemime?am I enduring? | sentözemise?are you enduring? | oltözemidi?is he enduring? | biztözebizmi? tözemibiz?are we enduring? | siztözemisiz?are you all enduring? | alatözemidile?are they enduring? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentözmeymemi? tözmeymime?aren't I enduring? | sentözmeymise?aren't you enduring? | oltözmeymidi?isn't he enduring? | biztözmeybizmi? tözmeymibiz?aren't we enduring? | siztözmeymisiz?aren't you all enduring? | alatözmeymidile?aren't they enduring? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentözüwçenmeI usually endure | sentözüwçenseyou usually endure | oltözüwçendihe usually endures | biztözüwçenbizwe usually endure | siztözüwçensizyou all usually endure | alatözüwçendilethey usually endure |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentözmewçenmeI usually don't endure | sentözmewçenseyou usually don't endure | oltözmewçendihe usually doesn't endure | biztözmewçenbizwe usually don't endure | siztözmewçensizyou all usually don't endure | alatözmewçendilethey usually don't endure |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentözüwçenmemi? tözüwçenmime?do I usually endure? | sentözüwçenmise?do you usually endure? | oltözüwçenmidi?does he usually endure? | biztözüwçenbizmi? tözüwçenmibiz?do we usually endure? | siztözüwçenmisiz?do you all usually endure? | alatözüwçenmidile?do they usually endure? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentözmewçenmemi? tözmewçenmime?do I usually not endure? | sentözmewçenmise?do you usually not endure? | oltözmewçenmidi?does he usually not endure? | biztözmewçenbizmi? tözmewçenmibiz?do we usually not endure? | siztözmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not endure? | alatözmewçenmidile?do they usually not endure? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltözübdühe has endured and remains so | alatözübdülethey have endured and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltözübmüdü?has he endured? | alatözübmüdüle?have they endured? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentözüb turamaI keep enduring | sentözüb turasayou keep enduring | oltözüb turadıhe keeps enduring | biztözüb turabızwe keep enduring | siztözüb turasızyou all keep enduring | alatözüb turadılathey keep enduring |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentözüb turmaymaI don't keep enduring | sentözüb turmaysayou don't keep enduring | oltözüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep enduring | biztözüb turmaybızwe don't keep enduring | siztözüb turmaysızyou all don't keep enduring | alatözüb turmaydılathey don't keep enduring |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentözüb turamamı? tözüb turamıma?do I keep enduring? | sentözüb turamısa?do you keep enduring? | oltözüb turamıdı?does he keep enduring? | biztözüb turabızmı? tözüb turamıbız?do we keep enduring? | siztözüb turamısız?do you all keep enduring? | alatözüb turamıdıla?do they keep enduring? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentözüb turmaymamı? tözüb turmaymıma?don't I keep enduring? | sentözüb turmaymısa?don't you keep enduring? | oltözüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep enduring? | biztözüb turmaybızmı? tözüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep enduring? | siztözüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep enduring? | alatözüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep enduring? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöze turamaI am in the middle of enduring | sentöze turasayou are in the middle of enduring | oltöze turadıhe is in the middle of enduring | biztöze turabızwe are in the middle of enduring | siztöze turasızyou all are in the middle of enduring | alatöze turadılathey are in the middle of enduring |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöze turmaymaI am not in the middle of enduring | sentöze turmaysayou are not in the middle of enduring | oltöze turmaydıhe is not in the middle of enduring | biztöze turmaybızwe are not in the middle of enduring | siztöze turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of enduring | alatöze turmaydılathey are not in the middle of enduring |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöze turamamı? töze turamıma?am I in the middle of enduring? | sentöze turamısa?are you in the middle of enduring? | oltöze turamıdı?is he in the middle of enduring? | biztöze turabızmı? töze turamıbız?are we in the middle of enduring? | siztöze turamısız?are you all in the middle of enduring? | alatöze turamıdıla?are they in the middle of enduring? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöze turmaymamı? töze turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of enduring? | sentöze turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of enduring? | oltöze turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of enduring? | biztöze turmaybızmı? töze turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of enduring? | siztöze turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of enduring? | alatöze turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of enduring? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentözdümI endured | sentözdüŋyou endured | oltözdühe endured | biztözdükwe endured | siztözdügüzyou all endured | alatözdülethey endured |
| Simple past (definite) | mentözmedimI didn't endure | sentözmediŋyou didn't endure | oltözmedihe didn't endure | biztözmedikwe didn't endure | siztözmedigizyou all didn't endure | alatözmedilethey didn't endure |
| Simple past (definite) | mentözdümmü?did I endure? | sentözdüŋmü?did you endure? | oltözdümü?did he endure? | biztözdükmü?did we endure? | siztözdügüzmü?did you all endure? | alatözdülemi?did they endure? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentözmedimmi?didn't I endure? | sentözmediŋmi?didn't you endure? | oltözmedimi?didn't he endure? | biztözmedikmi?didn't we endure? | siztözmedigizmi?didn't you all endure? | alatözmedilemi?didn't they endure? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentözgenmeI have endured | sentözgenseyou have endured | oltözgendihe has endured | biztözgenbizwe have endured | siztözgensizyou all have endured | alatözgendilethey have endured |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentözmegenmeI haven't endured | sentözmegenseyou haven't endured | oltözmegendihe hasn't endured | biztözmegenbizwe haven't endured | siztözmegensizyou all haven't endured | alatözmegendilethey haven't endured |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentözgenmemi? tözgenmime?have I endured? | sentözgenmise?have you endured? | oltözgenmidi?has he endured? | biztözgenbizmi? tözgenmibiz?have we endured? | siztözgenmisiz?have you all endured? | alatözgenmidile?have they endured? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentözmegenmemi? tözmegenmime?haven't I endured? | sentözmegenmise?haven't you endured? | oltözmegenmidi?hasn't he endured? | biztözmegenbizmi? tözmegenmibiz?haven't we endured? | siztözmegenmisiz?haven't you all endured? | alatözmegenmidile?haven't they endured? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentözüb turdumI kept enduring | sentözüb turduŋyou kept enduring | oltözüb turduhe kept enduring | biztözüb turduqwe kept enduring | siztözüb turduğuzyou all kept enduring | alatözüb turdulathey kept enduring |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentözüb turmadımI didn't keep enduring | sentözüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep enduring | oltözüb turmadıhe didn't keep enduring | biztözüb turmadıqwe didn't keep enduring | siztözüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep enduring | alatözüb turmadılathey didn't keep enduring |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentözermeI will endure | sentözerseyou will endure | oltözerhe will endure | biztözerbizwe will endure | siztözersizyou all will endure | alatözerlethey will endure |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentözmezmeI won't endure | sentözmezseyou won't endure | oltözmezhe won't endure | biztözmezbizwe won't endure | siztözmezsizyou all won't endure | alatözmezlethey won't endure |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentözermemi? tözermime?will I endure? | sentözermise?will you endure? | oltözermi?will he endure? | biztözerbizmi? tözermibiz?will we endure? | siztözermisiz?will you all endure? | alatözerlemi? tözermile?will they endure? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentözmezmemi? tözmezmime?won't I endure? | sentözmezmise?won't you endure? | oltözmezmi?won't he endure? | biztözmezbizmi? tözmezmibiz?won't we endure? | siztözmezmisiz?won't you all endure? | alatözmezlemi? tözmezmile?won't they endure? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentözerikmeI am going to endure | sentözerikseyou are going to endure | oltözerikdihe is going to endure | biztözerikbizwe are going to endure | siztözeriksizyou all are going to endure | alatözerikdilethey are going to endure |
| Definite future (future II) | mentözerik tülmeI am not going to endure | sentözerik tülseyou are not going to endure | oltözerik tüldühe is not going to endure | biztözerik tülbüzwe are not going to endure | siztözerik tülsüzyou all are not going to endure | alatözerik tüldülethey are not going to endure |
| Definite future (future II) | mentözerikmemi? tözerikmime?am I going to endure? | sentözerikmise?are you going to endure? | oltözerikmidi?is he going to endure? | biztözerikbizmi? tözerikmibiz?are we going to endure? | siztözerikmisiz?are you all going to endure? | alatözerikmidile?are they going to endure? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentözerik tülmüme?aren't I going to endure? | sentözerik tülmüse?aren't you going to endure? | oltözerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to endure? | biztözerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to endure? | siztözerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to endure? | alatözerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to endure? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentözgen edimtözgenemI had endured | sentözgen ediŋtözgeneŋyou had endured | oltözgen editözgenedhe had endured | biztözgen ediktözgenekwe had endured | siztözgen edigiztözgenegizyou all had endured | alatözgen ediletözgenellethey had endured |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentözmegen edimtözmegenemI hadn't endured | sentözmegen ediŋtözmegeneŋyou hadn't endured | oltözmegen editözmegenedhe hadn't endured | biztözmegen ediktözmegenekwe hadn't endured | siztözmegen edigiztözmegenegizyou all hadn't endured | alatözmegen ediletözmegenellethey hadn't endured |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentöze edimtözemI was enduring | sentöze ediŋtözeŋyou were enduring | oltöze editözedhe was enduring | biztöze ediktözekwe were enduring | siztöze edigiztözegizyou all were enduring | alatöze ediletözellethey were enduring |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentözmey edimtözmeyemI wasn't enduring | sentözmey ediŋtözmeyeŋyou weren't enduring | oltözmey editözmeyedhe wasn't enduring | biztözmey ediktözmeyekwe weren't enduring | siztözmey edigiztözmeyegizyou all weren't enduring | alatözmey ediletözmeyellethey weren't enduring |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentözüwçen edimtözüwçenemI used to endure | sentözüwçen ediŋtözüwçeneŋyou used to endure | oltözüwçen editözüwçenedhe used to endure | biztözüwçen ediktözüwçenekwe used to endure | siztözüwçen edigiztözüwçenegizyou all used to endure | alatözüwçen ediletözüwçenellethey used to endure |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentözmewçen edimtözmewçenemI didn't use to endure | sentözmewçen ediŋtözmewçeneŋyou didn't use to endure | oltözmewçen editözmewçenedhe didn't use to endure | biztözmewçen ediktözmewçenekwe didn't use to endure | siztözmewçen edigiztözmewçenegizyou all didn't use to endure | alatözmewçen ediletözmewçenellethey didn't use to endure |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltözüb edihe had endured and remained so | alatözüb edilethey had endured and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltözüb tül edihe hadn't endured | alatözüb tül edilethey hadn't endured | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentözüb tura edimtözüb turaemI had kept enduring | sentözüb tura ediŋtözüb turaeŋyou had kept enduring | oltözüb tura editözüb turaedhe had kept enduring | biztözüb tura ediktözüb turaekwe had kept enduring | siztözüb tura edigiztözüb turaegizyou all had kept enduring | alatözüb tura ediletözüb turaellethey had kept enduring |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentözüb turmay edimtözüb turmayemI hadn't kept enduring | sentözüb turmay ediŋtözüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept enduring | oltözüb turmay editözüb turmayedhe hadn't kept enduring | biztözüb turmay ediktözüb turmayekwe hadn't kept enduring | siztözüb turmay edigiztözüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept enduring | alatözüb turmay ediletözüb turmayellethey hadn't kept enduring |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentöze tura edimtöze turaemI was in the middle of enduring | sentöze tura ediŋtöze turaeŋyou were in the middle of enduring | oltöze tura editöze turaedhe was in the middle of enduring | biztöze tura ediktöze turaekwe were in the middle of enduring | siztöze tura edigiztöze turaegizyou all were in the middle of enduring | alatöze tura ediletöze turaellethey were in the middle of enduring |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentöze turmay edimtöze turmayemI wasn't in the middle of enduring | sentöze turmay ediŋtöze turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of enduring | oltöze turmay editöze turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of enduring | biztöze turmay ediktöze turmayekwe weren't in the middle of enduring | siztöze turmay edigiztöze turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of enduring | alatöze turmay ediletöze turmayellethey weren't in the middle of enduring |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentözer edimtözer emI would endure | sentözer ediŋtözer eŋyou would endure | oltözer editözer edhe would endure | biztözer ediktözer ekwe would endure | siztözer edigiztözer egizyou all would endure | alatözer ediletözer ellethey would endure |
| Conditional result (would) | mentözmez edimtözmez emI wouldn't endure | sentözmez ediŋtözmez eŋyou wouldn't endure | oltözmez editözmez edhe wouldn't endure | biztözmez ediktözmez ekwe wouldn't endure | siztözmez edigiztözmez egizyou all wouldn't endure | alatözmez ediletözmez ellethey wouldn't endure |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentözerik edimtözerik emI would have endured | sentözerik ediŋtözerik eŋyou would have endured | oltözerik editözerik edhe would have endured | biztözerik ediktözerik ekwe would have endured | siztözerik edigiztözerik egizyou all would have endured | alatözerik ediletözerik ellethey would have endured |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentözerik tül edimtözerik tül emI wouldn't have endured | sentözerik tül ediŋtözerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have endured | oltözerik tül editözerik tül edhe wouldn't have endured | biztözerik tül ediktözerik tül ekwe wouldn't have endured | siztözerik tül edigiztözerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have endured | alatözerik tül ediletözerik tül ellethey wouldn't have endured |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentözsemif I endure | sentözseŋif you endure | oltözseif he endures | biztözsekif we endure | siztözsegizif you all endure | alatözseleif they endure |
| Conditional | mentözmesemif I don't endure | sentözmeseŋif you don't endure | oltözmeseif he doesn't endure | biztözmesekif we don't endure | siztözmesegizif you all don't endure | alatözmeseleif they don't endure |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentöze esemif I am enduring | sentöze eseŋif you are enduring | oltöze eseif he is enduring | biztöze esekif we are enduring | siztöze esegizif you all are enduring | alatöze eseleif they are enduring |
| Conditional, present real | mentözmey esemif I am not enduring | sentözmey eseŋif you are not enduring | oltözmey eseif he is not enduring | biztözmey esekif we are not enduring | siztözmey esegizif you all are not enduring | alatözmey eseleif they are not enduring |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentözsem editözsem edif only I endured | sentözseŋ editözseŋ edif only you endured | oltözse editözsedif only he endured | biztözsek editözsek edif only we endured | siztözsegiz editözsegiz edif only you all endured | alatözsele editözseledif only they endured |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentözmesem editözmesem edif only I didn't endure | sentözmeseŋ editözmeseŋ edif only you didn't endure | oltözmese editözmesedif only he didn't endure | biztözmesek editözmesek edif only we didn't endure | siztözmesegiz editözmesegiz edif only you all didn't endure | alatözmesele editözmeseledif only they didn't endure |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentözüb tursamif I carry on enduring | sentözüb tursaŋif you carry on enduring | oltözüb tursaif he carries on enduring | biztözüb tursaqif we carry on enduring | siztözüb tursağızif you all carry on enduring | alatözüb tursalaif they carry on enduring |
| Durative conditional | mentözüb turmasamif I don't carry on enduring | sentözüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on enduring | oltözüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on enduring | biztözüb turmasaqif we don't carry on enduring | siztözüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on enduring | alatözüb turmasalaif they don't carry on enduring |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentözüb tura esemif I have kept enduring | sentözüb tura eseŋif you have kept enduring | oltözüb tura eseif he has kept enduring | biztözüb tura esekif we have kept enduring | siztözüb tura esegizif you all have kept enduring | alatözüb tura eseleif they have kept enduring |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentözüb turmay esemif I haven't kept enduring | sentözüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept enduring | oltözüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept enduring | biztözüb turmay esekif we haven't kept enduring | siztözüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept enduring | alatözüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept enduring |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentöze tursamif I keep enduring | sentöze tursaŋif you keep enduring | oltöze tursaif he keeps enduring | biztöze tursaqif we keep enduring | siztöze tursağızif you all keep enduring | alatöze tursalaif they keep enduring |
| Progressive conditional | mentözmey tursamif I keep on not enduring | sentözmey tursaŋif you keep on not enduring | oltözmey tursaif he keeps on not enduring | biztözmey tursaqif we keep on not enduring | siztözmey tursağızif you all keep on not enduring | alatözmey tursalaif they keep on not enduring |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentöze tura esemif I am in the middle of enduring | sentöze tura eseŋif you are in the middle of enduring | oltöze tura eseif he is in the middle of enduring | biztöze tura esekif we are in the middle of enduring | siztöze tura esegizif you all are in the middle of enduring | alatöze tura eseleif they are in the middle of enduring |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentözmey tura esemif I keep on not enduring | sentözmey tura eseŋif you keep on not enduring | oltözmey tura eseif he keeps on not enduring | biztözmey tura esekif we keep on not enduring | siztözmey tura esegizif you all keep on not enduring | alatözmey tura eseleif they keep on not enduring |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentözdüm esemif I endured | sentözdüŋ eseŋif you endured | oltözdü eseif he endured | biztözdük esekif we endured | siztözdügüz esegizif you all endured | alatözdüle eseleif they endured |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentözmedim esemif I didn't endure | sentözmediŋ eseŋif you didn't endure | oltözmedi eseif he didn't endure | biztözmedik esekif we didn't endure | siztözmedigiz esegizif you all didn't endure | alatözmedile eseleif they didn't endure |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentözgen esemif I did endure (indeed) | sentözgen eseŋif you did endure (indeed) | oltözgen eseif he did endure (indeed) | biztözgen esekif we did endure (indeed) | siztözgen esegizif you all did endure (indeed) | alatözgen eseleif they did endure (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentözmegen esemif I didn't endure (indeed) | sentözmegen eseŋif you didn't endure (indeed) | oltözmegen eseif he didn't endure (indeed) | biztözmegen esekif we didn't endure (indeed) | siztözmegen esegizif you all didn't endure (indeed) | alatözmegen eseleif they didn't endure (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentözgen bolsamif I had endured | sentözgen bolsaŋif you had endured | oltözgen bolsaif he had endured | biztözgen bolsaqif we had endured | siztözgen bolsağızif you all had endured | alatözgen bolsalaif they had endured |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentözmegen bolsamif I hadn't endured | sentözmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't endured | oltözmegen bolsaif he hadn't endured | biztözmegen bolsaqif we hadn't endured | siztözmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't endured | alatözmegen bolsalaif they hadn't endured |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentözgen bolsam editözgen bolsam edif only I had endured | sentözgen bolsaŋ editözgen bolsaŋ edif only you had endured | oltözgen bolsa editözgen bolsaedif only he had endured | biztözgen bolsaq editözgen bolsaq edif only we had endured | siztözgen bolsağız editözgen bolsağız edif only you all had endured | alatözgen bolsala editözgen bolsalaedif only they had endured |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentözmegen bolsam editözmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't endured | sentözmegen bolsaŋ editözmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't endured | oltözmegen bolsa editözmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't endured | biztözmegen bolsaq editözmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't endured | siztözmegen bolsağız editözmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't endured | alatözmegen bolsala editözmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't endured |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentözer esemif I will endure | sentözer eseŋif you will endure | oltözer eseif he will endure | biztözer esekif we will endure | siztözer esegizif you all will endure | alatözer eseleif they will endure |
| Conditional, aorist | mentözmez esemif I won't endure | sentözmez eseŋif you won't endure | oltözmez eseif he won't endure | biztözmez esekif we won't endure | siztözmez esegizif you all won't endure | alatözmez eseleif they won't endure |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentözerik esemif I am going to endure | sentözerik eseŋif you are going to endure | oltözerik eseif he is going to endure | biztözerik esekif we are going to endure | siztözerik esegizif you all are going to endure | alatözerik eseleif they are going to endure |
| Conditional, future | mentözerik tül esemif I am not going to endure | sentözerik tül eseŋif you are not going to endure | oltözerik tül eseif he is not going to endure | biztözerik tül esekif we are not going to endure | siztözerik tül esegizif you all are not going to endure | alatözerik tül eseleif they are not going to endure |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentözerik bolsamif I were going to endure | sentözerik bolsaŋif you were going to endure | oltözerik bolsaif he were going to endure | biztözerik bolsaqif we were going to endure | siztözerik bolsağızif you all were going to endure | alatözerik bolsalaif they were going to endure |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentözmezlik bolsamif I were not going to endure | sentözmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to endure | oltözmezlik bolsaif he were not going to endure | biztözmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to endure | siztözmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to endure | alatözmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to endure |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tözdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentöze bolurmaI must be enduring | sentöze bolursayou must be enduring | oltöze bolurhe must be enduring | biztöze bolurbuzwe must be enduring | siztöze bolursuzyou all must be enduring | alatöze bolurlathey must be enduring |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentözmey bolurmaI must not be enduring | sentözmey bolursayou must not be enduring | oltözmey bolurhe must not be enduring | biztözmey bolurbuzwe must not be enduring | siztözmey bolursuzyou all must not be enduring | alatözmey bolurlathey must not be enduring |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentöze tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of enduring | sentöze tura bolursayou must be in the middle of enduring | oltöze tura bolurhe must be in the middle of enduring | biztöze tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of enduring | siztöze tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of enduring | alatöze tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of enduring |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentözmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not enduring | sentözmey tura bolursayou must keep on not enduring | oltözmey tura bolurhe must keep on not enduring | biztözmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not enduring | siztözmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not enduring | alatözmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not enduring |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentözgen bolurmaI must have endured | sentözgen bolursayou must have endured | oltözgen bolurhe must have endured | biztözgen bolurbuzwe must have endured | siztözgen bolursuzyou all must have endured | alatözgen bolurlathey must have endured |
| Inference (must have) | mentözmegen bolurmaI must not have endured | sentözmegen bolursayou must not have endured | oltözmegen bolurhe must not have endured | biztözmegen bolurbuzwe must not have endured | siztözmegen bolursuzyou all must not have endured | alatözmegen bolurlathey must not have endured |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentözerik bolurmaI must be going to endure | sentözerik bolursayou must be going to endure | oltözerik bolurhe must be going to endure | biztözerik bolurbuzwe must be going to endure | siztözerik bolursuzyou all must be going to endure | alatözerik bolurlathey must be going to endure |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentözmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to endure | sentözmezlik bolursayou must not be going to endure | oltözmezlik bolurhe must not be going to endure | biztözmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to endure | siztözmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to endure | alatözmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to endure |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentözeyimlet me endure | sentöz!endure! | oltözsünlet him endure | biztözeyiklet's endure | siztözügüz!endure, you all! | alatözsünlelet them endure |
| Commands & suggestions | mentözmeyimlet me not endure | sentözme!don't endure! | oltözmesinlet him not endure | biztözmeyiklet's not endure | siztözmegiz!don't endure, you all! | alatözmesinlelet them not endure |
| Commands & suggestions | mentözeyimmi?shall I endure? | oltözsünmü?should he endure? | biztözeyikmi?shall we endure? | alatözsünlemi?should they endure? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentözmeyimmi?shall I not endure? | oltözmesinmi?should he not endure? | biztözmeyikmi?shall we not endure? | alatözmesinlemi?should they not endure? | ||
| Requests | sentözçü2tözçünplease endure | oltözsünçüdo let him endure | siztözçügüzplease endure (plural/polite) | alatözsünleçido let them endure | ||
| Requests | sentözmeçi2tözmeçinplease don't endure | oltözmesinçido let him not endure | siztözmeçigizplease don't endure (plural/polite) | alatözmesinleçido let them not endure | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentözgüntözgümay you endure | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentözmegintözmegimay you not endure | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentözgey edim tözge edimwould that I endured | sentözgey ediŋ tözge ediŋwould that you endured | oltözgey edi tözge ediwould that he endured | biztözgey edik tözge edikwould that we endured | siztözgey edigiz tözge edigizwould that you all endured | alatözgey edile tözge edilewould that they endured |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentözmegey edim tözmege edimwould that I did not endure | sentözmegey ediŋ tözmege ediŋwould that you did not endure | oltözmegey edi tözmege ediwould that he did not endure | biztözmegey edik tözmege edikwould that we did not endure | siztözmegey edigiz tözmege edigizwould that you all did not endure | alatözmegey edile tözmege edilewould that they did not endure |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentözmege qoyayımtözme qoyayımlet me allow someone to endure | sentözmege qoy!tözme qoy!let someone endure! | oltözmege qoysuntözme qoysunlet him allow someone to endure | biztözmege qoyayıqtözme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to endure | siztözmege qoyuğuz!tözme qoyuğuz!let someone endure, you all! | alatözmege qoysunlatözme qoysunlalet them allow someone to endure |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentözmege qoymayımtözme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to endure | sentözmege qoyma!tözme qoyma!don't let someone endure! | oltözmege qoymasıntözme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to endure | biztözmege qoymayıqtözme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to endure | siztözmege qoymağız!tözme qoymağız!don't let someone endure, you all! | alatözmege qoymasınlatözme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to endure |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentözmege qoyayımmı?tözme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to endure? | oltözmege qoysunmu?tözme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to endure? | biztözmege qoyayıqmı?tözme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to endure? | alatözmege qoysunlamı?tözme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to endure? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentözmege qoymayımmı?tözme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to endure? | oltözmege qoymasınmı?tözme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to endure? | biztözmege qoymayıqmı?tözme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to endure? | alatözmege qoymasınlamı?tözme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to endure? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentözmege qoyamatözme qoyamaI allow someone to endure | sentözmege qoyasatözme qoyasayou allow someone to endure | oltözmege qoyadıtözme qoyadıhe allows someone to endure | biztözmege qoyabıztözme qoyabızwe allow someone to endure | siztözmege qoyasıztözme qoyasızyou all allow someone to endure | alatözmege qoyadılatözme qoyadılathey allow someone to endure |
| Let someone… (present) | mentözmege qoymaymatözme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to endure | sentözmege qoymaysatözme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to endure | oltözmege qoymaydıtözme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to endure | biztözmege qoymaybıztözme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to endure | siztözmege qoymaysıztözme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to endure | alatözmege qoymaydılatözme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to endure |
| Let someone… (present) | mentözmege qoyamamı?tözme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to endure? | sentözmege qoyamısa?tözme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to endure? | oltözmege qoyamıdı?tözme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to endure? | biztözmege qoyabızmı?tözme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to endure? | siztözmege qoyamısız?tözme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to endure? | alatözmege qoyamıdıla?tözme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to endure? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentözmege qoymaymamı?tözme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to endure? | sentözmege qoymaymısa?tözme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to endure? | oltözmege qoymaymıdı?tözme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to endure? | biztözmege qoymaybızmı?tözme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to endure? | siztözmege qoymaymısız?tözme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to endure? | alatözmege qoymaymıdıla?tözme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to endure? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentözmege qoydumtözme qoydumI allowed someone to endure | sentözmege qoyduŋtözme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to endure | oltözmege qoydutözme qoyduhe allowed someone to endure | biztözmege qoyduqtözme qoyduqwe allowed someone to endure | siztözmege qoyduğuztözme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to endure | alatözmege qoydulatözme qoydulathey allowed someone to endure |
| Let someone… (past) | mentözmege qoymadımtözme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to endure | sentözmege qoymadıŋtözme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to endure | oltözmege qoymadıtözme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to endure | biztözmege qoymadıqtözme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to endure | siztözmege qoymadığıztözme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to endure | alatözmege qoymadılatözme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to endure |
| Let someone… (past) | mentözmege qoydummu?tözme qoydummu?did I allow someone to endure? | sentözmege qoyduŋmu?tözme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to endure? | oltözmege qoydumu?tözme qoydumu?did he allow someone to endure? | biztözmege qoyduqmu?tözme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to endure? | siztözmege qoyduğuzmu?tözme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to endure? | alatözmege qoydulamı?tözme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to endure? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentözmege qoymadımmı?tözme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to endure? | sentözmege qoymadıŋmı?tözme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to endure? | oltözmege qoymadımı?tözme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to endure? | biztözmege qoymadıqmı?tözme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to endure? | siztözmege qoymadığızmı?tözme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to endure? | alatözmege qoymadılamı?tözme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to endure? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tözalırğa be able to endure · tözalmazğa be unable to endure
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentözalamaI can endure | sentözalasayou can endure | oltözaladıhe can endure | biztözalabızwe can endure | siztözalasızyou all can endure | alatözaladılathey can endure |
| Ability — present | mentözalmaymaI can't endure | sentözalmaysayou can't endure | oltözalmaydıhe can't endure | biztözalmaybızwe can't endure | siztözalmaysızyou all can't endure | alatözalmaydılathey can't endure |
| Ability — present | mentözalamamı? tözalamıma?can I endure? | sentözalamısa?can you endure? | oltözalamıdı?can he endure? | biztözalabızmı? tözalamıbız?can we endure? | siztözalamısız?can you all endure? | alatözalamıdıla?can they endure? |
| Ability — present | mentözalmaymamı? tözalmaymıma?can't I endure? | sentözalmaymısa?can't you endure? | oltözalmaymıdı?can't he endure? | biztözalmaybızmı? tözalmaymıbız?can't we endure? | siztözalmaymısız?can't you all endure? | alatözalmaymıdıla?can't they endure? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentözalsamif I can endure | sentözalsaŋif you can endure | oltözalsaif he can endure | biztözalsaqif we can endure | siztözalsağızif you all can endure | alatözalsalaif they can endure |
| Ability — if I can… | mentözalmasamif I can't endure | sentözalmasaŋif you can't endure | oltözalmasaif he can't endure | biztözalmasaqif we can't endure | siztözalmasağızif you all can't endure | alatözalmasalaif they can't endure |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentözaldımI was able to endure | sentözaldıŋyou were able to endure | oltözaldıhe was able to endure | biztözaldıqwe were able to endure | siztözaldığızyou all were able to endure | alatözaldılathey were able to endure |
| Ability — simple past | mentözalmadımI could not endure | sentözalmadıŋyou could not endure | oltözalmadıhe could not endure | biztözalmadıqwe could not endure | siztözalmadığızyou all could not endure | alatözalmadılathey could not endure |
| Ability — simple past | mentözaldımmı?was I able to endure? | sentözaldıŋmı?were you able to endure? | oltözaldımı?was he able to endure? | biztözaldıqmı?were we able to endure? | siztözaldığızmı?were you all able to endure? | alatözaldılamı?were they able to endure? |
| Ability — simple past | mentözalmadımmı?couldn't I endure? | sentözalmadıŋmı?couldn't you endure? | oltözalmadımı?couldn't he endure? | biztözalmadıqmı?couldn't we endure? | siztözalmadığızmı?couldn't you all endure? | alatözalmadılamı?couldn't they endure? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentözalğanmaI have been able to endure | sentözalğansayou have been able to endure | oltözalğandıhe has been able to endure | biztözalğanbızwe have been able to endure | siztözalğansızyou all have been able to endure | alatözalğandılathey have been able to endure |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentözalmağanmaI haven't been able to endure | sentözalmağansayou haven't been able to endure | oltözalmağandıhe hasn't been able to endure | biztözalmağanbızwe haven't been able to endure | siztözalmağansızyou all haven't been able to endure | alatözalmağandılathey haven't been able to endure |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentözalğanmamı? tözalğanmıma?have I been able to endure? | sentözalğanmısa?have you been able to endure? | oltözalğanmıdı?has he been able to endure? | biztözalğanbızmı? tözalğanmıbız?have we been able to endure? | siztözalğanmısız?have you all been able to endure? | alatözalğanmıdıla?have they been able to endure? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentözalmağanmamı? tözalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to endure? | sentözalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to endure? | oltözalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to endure? | biztözalmağanbızmı? tözalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to endure? | siztözalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to endure? | alatözalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to endure? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentözalğan edimtözalğanemI had been able to endure | sentözalğan ediŋtözalğaneŋyou had been able to endure | oltözalğan editözalğanedhe had been able to endure | biztözalğan ediktözalğanekwe had been able to endure | siztözalğan edigiztözalğanegizyou all had been able to endure | alatözalğan ediletözalğanellethey had been able to endure |
| Ability — past perfect | mentözalmağan edimtözalmağanemI hadn't been able to endure | sentözalmağan ediŋtözalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to endure | oltözalmağan editözalmağanedhe hadn't been able to endure | biztözalmağan ediktözalmağanekwe hadn't been able to endure | siztözalmağan edigiztözalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to endure | alatözalmağan ediletözalmağanellethey hadn't been able to endure |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentözala edimtözalaemI could endure | sentözala ediŋtözalaeŋyou could endure | oltözala editözalaedhe could endure | biztözala ediktözalaekwe could endure | siztözala edigiztözalaegizyou all could endure | alatözala ediletözalaellethey could endure |
| Ability — past background | mentözalmay edimtözalmayemI could not endure | sentözalmay ediŋtözalmayeŋyou could not endure | oltözalmay editözalmayedhe could not endure | biztözalmay ediktözalmayekwe could not endure | siztözalmay edigiztözalmayegizyou all could not endure | alatözalmay ediletözalmayellethey could not endure |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentözalırmaI will be able to endure | sentözalırsayou will be able to endure | oltözalırhe will be able to endure | biztözalırbızwe will be able to endure | siztözalırsızyou all will be able to endure | alatözalırlathey will be able to endure |
| Ability — future I | mentözalmazmaI won't be able to endure | sentözalmazsayou won't be able to endure | oltözalmazhe won't be able to endure | biztözalmazbızwe won't be able to endure | siztözalmazsızyou all won't be able to endure | alatözalmazlathey won't be able to endure |
| Ability — future I | mentözalırmamı? tözalırmıma?will I be able to endure? | sentözalırmısa?will you be able to endure? | oltözalırmı?will he be able to endure? | biztözalırbızmı? tözalırmıbız?will we be able to endure? | siztözalırmısız?will you all be able to endure? | alatözalırlamı? tözalırmıla?will they be able to endure? |
| Ability — future I | mentözalmazmamı? tözalmazmıma?won't I be able to endure? | sentözalmazmısa?won't you be able to endure? | oltözalmazmı?won't he be able to endure? | biztözalmazbızmı? tözalmazmıbız?won't we be able to endure? | siztözalmazmısız?won't you all be able to endure? | alatözalmazlamı? tözalmazmıla?won't they be able to endure? |
| Ability — future II | mentözallıqmaI am going to be able to endure | sentözallıqsayou are going to be able to endure | oltözallıqdıhe is going to be able to endure | biztözallıqbızwe are going to be able to endure | siztözallıqsızyou all are going to be able to endure | alatözallıqdılathey are going to be able to endure |
| Ability — future II | mentözallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to endure | sentözallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to endure | oltözallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to endure | biztözallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to endure | siztözallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to endure | alatözallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to endure |
| Ability — future II | mentözallıqmamı? tözallıqmıma?am I going to be able to endure? | sentözallıqmısa?are you going to be able to endure? | oltözallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to endure? | biztözallıqbızmı? tözallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to endure? | siztözallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to endure? | alatözallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to endure? |
| Ability — future II | mentözallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to endure? | sentözallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to endure? | oltözallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to endure? | biztözallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to endure? | siztözallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to endure? | alatözallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to endure? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentözalır edimtözalır emI would be able to endure | sentözalır ediŋtözalır eŋyou would be able to endure | oltözalır editözalır edhe would be able to endure | biztözalır ediktözalır ekwe would be able to endure | siztözalır edigiztözalır egizyou all would be able to endure | alatözalır ediletözalır ellethey would be able to endure |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentözalmaz edimtözalmaz emI wouldn't be able to endure | sentözalmaz ediŋtözalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to endure | oltözalmaz editözalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to endure | biztözalmaz ediktözalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to endure | siztözalmaz edigiztözalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to endure | alatözalmaz ediletözalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to endure |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentözalğıntözalğımay you be able to endure | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentözalmağıntözalmağımay you not be able to endure | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentözerge izleymeI want to endure | sentözerge izleyseyou want to endure | oltözerge izleydihe wants to endure | biztözerge izleybizwe want to endure | siztözerge izleysizyou all want to endure | alatözerge izleydilethey want to endure |
| want to | mentözerge izlemeymeI do not want to endure | sentözerge izlemeyseyou do not want to endure | oltözerge izlemeydihe does not want to endure | biztözerge izlemeybizwe do not want to endure | siztözerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to endure | alatözerge izlemeydilethey do not want to endure |
| would like to | mentözerge süemeI would like to endure | sentözerge süeseyou would like to endure | oltözerge süedihe would like to endure | biztözerge süebizwe would like to endure | siztözerge süesizyou all would like to endure | alatözerge süedilethey would like to endure |
| would like to | mentözerge süymeymeI would not like to endure | sentözerge süymeyseyou would not like to endure | oltözerge süymeydihe would not like to endure | biztözerge süymeybizwe would not like to endure | siztözerge süymeysizyou all would not like to endure | alatözerge süymeydilethey would not like to endure |
| hope to | mentözerge umutlanamaI hope to endure | sentözerge umutlanasayou hope to endure | oltözerge umutlanadıhe hopes to endure | biztözerge umutlanabızwe hope to endure | siztözerge umutlanasızyou all hope to endure | alatözerge umutlanadılathey hope to endure |
| hope to | mentözerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to endure | sentözerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to endure | oltözerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to endure | biztözerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to endure | siztözerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to endure | alatözerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to endure |
| be about to | mentözerge deb turamaI am about to endure | sentözerge deb turasayou are about to endure | oltözerge deb turadıhe is about to endure | biztözerge deb turabızwe are about to endure | siztözerge deb turasızyou all are about to endure | alatözerge deb turadılathey are about to endure |
| be about to | mentözerge deb turmaymaI am not about to endure | sentözerge deb turmaysayou are not about to endure | oltözerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to endure | biztözerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to endure | siztözerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to endure | alatözerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to endure |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentözerge kerekmeI need to endure | sentözerge kerekseyou need to endure | oltözerge kerekdihe needs to endure | biztözerge kerekbizwe need to endure | siztözerge kereksizyou all need to endure | alatözerge kerekdilethey need to endure |
| need to | mentözerge kerek tülmeI do not need to endure | sentözerge kerek tülseyou do not need to endure | oltözerge kerek tüldühe does not need to endure | biztözerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to endure | siztözerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to endure | alatözerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to endure |
| have to | menmenŋe tözerge tüşediI have to endure | sensenŋe tözerge tüşediyou have to endure | olaŋa tözerge tüşedihe has to endure | bizbizge tözerge tüşediwe have to endure | sizsizge tözerge tüşediyou all have to endure | alaalağa tözerge tüşedithey have to endure |
| have to | menmenŋe tözerge tüşmeydiI do not have to endure | sensenŋe tözerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to endure | olaŋa tözerge tüşmeydihe does not have to endure | bizbizge tözerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to endure | sizsizge tözerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to endure | alaalağa tözerge tüşmeydithey do not have to endure |
| be obliged to | mentözerge borçlumaI am obliged to endure | sentözerge borçlusayou are obliged to endure | oltözerge borçluduhe is obliged to endure | biztözerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to endure | siztözerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to endure | alatözerge borçludulathey are obliged to endure |
| be obliged to | mentözerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to endure | sentözerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to endure | oltözerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to endure | biztözerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to endure | siztözerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to endure | alatözerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to endure |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentözerge madarım bardıI have a way to endure | sentözerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to endure | oltözerge madarı bardıhe has a way to endure | biztözerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to endure | siztözerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to endure | alatözerge madarları bardıthey have a way to endure |
| have a way to | mentözerge madarım joqduI have no way to endure | sentözerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to endure | oltözerge madarı joqduhe has no way to endure | biztözerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to endure | siztözerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to endure | alatözerge madarları joqduthey have no way to endure |
| be free to | mentözerge erkinligim bardıI am free to endure | sentözerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to endure | oltözerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to endure | biztözerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to endure | siztözerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to endure | alatözerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to endure |
| be free to | mentözerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to endure | sentözerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to endure | oltözerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to endure | biztözerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to endure | siztözerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to endure | alatözerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to endure |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tözerge bolluqduit is possible for me to endure | sensenŋe tözerge bolluqduit is possible for you to endure | olaŋa tözerge bolluqduit is possible for him to endure | bizbizge tözerge bolluqduit is possible for us to endure | sizsizge tözerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to endure | alaalağa tözerge bolluqduit is possible for them to endure |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tözerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to endure | sensenŋe tözerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to endure | olaŋa tözerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to endure | bizbizge tözerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to endure | sizsizge tözerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to endure | alaalağa tözerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to endure |
| be ready to | mentözerge hazırmaI am ready to endure | sentözerge hazırsayou are ready to endure | oltözerge hazırdıhe is ready to endure | biztözerge hazırbızwe are ready to endure | siztözerge hazırsızyou all are ready to endure | alatözerge hazırdılathey are ready to endure |
| be ready to | mentözerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to endure | sentözerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to endure | oltözerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to endure | biztözerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to endure | siztözerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to endure | alatözerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to endure |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentözerge küreşemeI am trying to endure | sentözerge küreşeseyou are trying to endure | oltözerge küreşedihe is trying to endure | biztözerge küreşebizwe are trying to endure | siztözerge küreşesizyou all are trying to endure | alatözerge küreşedilethey are trying to endure |
| try to | mentözerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to endure | sentözerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to endure | oltözerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to endure | biztözerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to endure | siztözerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to endure | alatözerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to endure |
| agree to | mentözerge unaymaI agree to endure | sentözerge unaysayou agree to endure | oltözerge unaydıhe agrees to endure | biztözerge unaybızwe agree to endure | siztözerge unaysızyou all agree to endure | alatözerge unaydılathey agree to endure |
| agree to | mentözerge unamaymaI refuse to endure | sentözerge unamaysayou refuse to endure | oltözerge unamaydıhe refuses to endure | biztözerge unamaybızwe refuse to endure | siztözerge unamaysızyou all refuse to endure | alatözerge unamaydılathey refuse to endure |
| hurry to | mentözerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to endure | sentözerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to endure | oltözerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to endure | biztözerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to endure | siztözerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to endure | alatözerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to endure |
| hurry to | mentözerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to endure | sentözerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to endure | oltözerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to endure | biztözerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to endure | siztözerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to endure | alatözerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to endure |
| be afraid to | mentözerge qorqamaI am afraid to endure | sentözerge qorqasayou are afraid to endure | oltözerge qorqadıhe is afraid to endure | biztözerge qorqabızwe are afraid to endure | siztözerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to endure | alatözerge qorqadılathey are afraid to endure |
| be afraid to | mentözerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to endure | sentözerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to endure | oltözerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to endure | biztözerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to endure | siztözerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to endure | alatözerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to endure |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentöze bolmazmaI can't be enduring | sentöze bolmazsayou can't be enduring | oltöze bolmazhe can't be enduring | biztöze bolmazbızwe can't be enduring | siztöze bolmazsızyou all can't be enduring | alatöze bolmazlathey can't be enduring |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentözmey bolmazmaI must be enduring (emphatic) | sentözmey bolmazsayou must be enduring (emphatic) | oltözmey bolmazhe must be enduring (emphatic) | biztözmey bolmazbızwe must be enduring (emphatic) | siztözmey bolmazsızyou all must be enduring (emphatic) | alatözmey bolmazlathey must be enduring (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentöze turmasamif I don't keep enduring | sentöze turmasaŋif you don't keep enduring | oltöze turmasaif he doesn't keep enduring | biztöze turmasaqif we don't keep enduring | siztöze turmasağızif you all don't keep enduring | alatöze turmasalaif they don't keep enduring |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentöze tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of enduring | sentöze tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of enduring | oltöze tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of enduring | biztöze tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of enduring | siztöze tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of enduring | alatöze tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of enduring |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentözmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not enduring (emphatic) | sentözmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not enduring (emphatic) | oltözmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not enduring (emphatic) | biztözmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not enduring (emphatic) | siztözmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not enduring (emphatic) | alatözmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not enduring (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentözmey turamaI keep on not enduring | sentözmey turasayou keep on not enduring | oltözmey turadıhe keeps on not enduring | biztözmey turabızwe keep on not enduring | siztözmey turasızyou all keep on not enduring | alatözmey turadılathey keep on not enduring |
| Progressive — double negation | mentözmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not enduring | sentözmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not enduring | oltözmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not enduring | biztözmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not enduring | siztözmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not enduring | alatözmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not enduring |
| Progressive — double negation | mentözmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not enduring? | sentözmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not enduring? | oltözmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not enduring? | biztözmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not enduring? | siztözmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not enduring? | alatözmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not enduring? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentözgen bolmazmaI can't have endured | sentözgen bolmazsayou can't have endured | oltözgen bolmazhe can't have endured | biztözgen bolmazbızwe can't have endured | siztözgen bolmazsızyou all can't have endured | alatözgen bolmazlathey can't have endured |
| Inference — double negation | mentözmegen bolmazmaI must have endured (emphatic) | sentözmegen bolmazsayou must have endured (emphatic) | oltözmegen bolmazhe must have endured (emphatic) | biztözmegen bolmazbızwe must have endured (emphatic) | siztözmegen bolmazsızyou all must have endured (emphatic) | alatözmegen bolmazlathey must have endured (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentözgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had endured | sentözgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had endured | oltözgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had endured | biztözgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had endured | siztözgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had endured | alatözgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had endured |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentözmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't endured | sentözmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't endured | oltözmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't endured | biztözmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't endured | siztözmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't endured | alatözmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't endured |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentözerik bolmazmaI can't be going to endure | sentözerik bolmazsayou can't be going to endure | oltözerik bolmazhe can't be going to endure | biztözerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to endure | siztözerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to endure | alatözerik bolmazlathey can't be going to endure |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentözmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to endure (emphatic) | sentözmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to endure (emphatic) | oltözmezlik bolmazhe must be going to endure (emphatic) | biztözmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to endure (emphatic) | siztözmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to endure (emphatic) | alatözmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to endure (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentözerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to endure | sentözerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to endure | oltözerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to endure | biztözerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to endure | siztözerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to endure | alatözerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to endure |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentözmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to endure | sentözmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to endure | oltözmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to endure | biztözmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to endure | siztözmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to endure | alatözmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to endure |