quwururğa
/quwururʁa/
1. fry, roast — Cooking without water: in embers, on the fire, in a pan, or in fat.
- et quwururğa — to fry meat
- et quwurama — I am frying meat
- anam etni quwuradı — my mother is frying the meat
- ol gardoş quwurdu — he fried potatoes
- biz balıq quwurluqbuz — we will fry fish
- nartühnü quwur — roast the maize
- gardoş quwururğa tebreyme — I am starting to fry potatoes
- et quwura kömürde — roasting meat on the embers
- gardoş quwurğan — fried potatoes
2. scorch, burn, beat down — Said of the sun and of dry heat.
- kün quwuradı — the sun is beating down
- bügün kün bek quwuradı — today the sun is beating down hard
- jayda kün quwuradı — in summer the sun scorches
- kün bolğannı quwuradı — the sun scorches everything there is
- kün quwurğan buday sabanlanı — the wheat fields scorched by the sun
3. render down, melt down — Said of fat, especially internal fat.
- iç jawnu quwururğa — to render down the inner fat
- iç jawnu tabada quwur — render down the inner fat in a pan
- anam jawnu quwuradı — my mother is rendering down the fat
- ol jawnu quwurğandı — they have rendered down the fat
- bütew iç jawnu quwururğa — to render down all the inner fat
Expressions
- eski tonun quwururğa — scold harshly
Conjugation
Common forms
- quwuradıhe is frying
- quwurduhe fried
- quwurğandıhe has fried
- quwururhe will fry
- quwurluqduhe is going to fry
- quwura edihe was frying
- quwursaif he fries
- quwur!fry!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwuramaI am frying | senquwurasayou are frying | olquwuradıhe is frying | bizquwurabızwe are frying | sizquwurasızyou all are frying | alaquwuradılathey are frying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwurmaymaI am not frying | senquwurmaysayou are not frying | olquwurmaydıhe is not frying | bizquwurmaybızwe are not frying | sizquwurmaysızyou all are not frying | alaquwurmaydılathey are not frying |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwuramamı? quwuramıma?am I frying? | senquwuramısa?are you frying? | olquwuramıdı?is he frying? | bizquwurabızmı? quwuramıbız?are we frying? | sizquwuramısız?are you all frying? | alaquwuramıdıla?are they frying? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwurmaymamı? quwurmaymıma?aren't I frying? | senquwurmaymısa?aren't you frying? | olquwurmaymıdı?isn't he frying? | bizquwurmaybızmı? quwurmaymıbız?aren't we frying? | sizquwurmaymısız?aren't you all frying? | alaquwurmaymıdıla?aren't they frying? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwuruwçanmaI usually fry | senquwuruwçansayou usually fry | olquwuruwçandıhe usually fries | bizquwuruwçanbızwe usually fry | sizquwuruwçansızyou all usually fry | alaquwuruwçandılathey usually fry |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwurmawçanmaI usually don't fry | senquwurmawçansayou usually don't fry | olquwurmawçandıhe usually doesn't fry | bizquwurmawçanbızwe usually don't fry | sizquwurmawçansızyou all usually don't fry | alaquwurmawçandılathey usually don't fry |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwuruwçanmamı? quwuruwçanmıma?do I usually fry? | senquwuruwçanmısa?do you usually fry? | olquwuruwçanmıdı?does he usually fry? | bizquwuruwçanbızmı? quwuruwçanmıbız?do we usually fry? | sizquwuruwçanmısız?do you all usually fry? | alaquwuruwçanmıdıla?do they usually fry? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwurmawçanmamı? quwurmawçanmıma?do I usually not fry? | senquwurmawçanmısa?do you usually not fry? | olquwurmawçanmıdı?does he usually not fry? | bizquwurmawçanbızmı? quwurmawçanmıbız?do we usually not fry? | sizquwurmawçanmısız?do you all usually not fry? | alaquwurmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not fry? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquwurubduhe has fried and remains so | alaquwurubdulathey have fried and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquwurubmudu?has he fried? | alaquwurubmudula?have they fried? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwurub turamaI keep frying | senquwurub turasayou keep frying | olquwurub turadıhe keeps frying | bizquwurub turabızwe keep frying | sizquwurub turasızyou all keep frying | alaquwurub turadılathey keep frying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwurub turmaymaI don't keep frying | senquwurub turmaysayou don't keep frying | olquwurub turmaydıhe doesn't keep frying | bizquwurub turmaybızwe don't keep frying | sizquwurub turmaysızyou all don't keep frying | alaquwurub turmaydılathey don't keep frying |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwurub turamamı? quwurub turamıma?do I keep frying? | senquwurub turamısa?do you keep frying? | olquwurub turamıdı?does he keep frying? | bizquwurub turabızmı? quwurub turamıbız?do we keep frying? | sizquwurub turamısız?do you all keep frying? | alaquwurub turamıdıla?do they keep frying? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwurub turmaymamı? quwurub turmaymıma?don't I keep frying? | senquwurub turmaymısa?don't you keep frying? | olquwurub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep frying? | bizquwurub turmaybızmı? quwurub turmaymıbız?don't we keep frying? | sizquwurub turmaymısız?don't you all keep frying? | alaquwurub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep frying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwura turamaI am in the middle of frying | senquwura turasayou are in the middle of frying | olquwura turadıhe is in the middle of frying | bizquwura turabızwe are in the middle of frying | sizquwura turasızyou all are in the middle of frying | alaquwura turadılathey are in the middle of frying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwura turmaymaI am not in the middle of frying | senquwura turmaysayou are not in the middle of frying | olquwura turmaydıhe is not in the middle of frying | bizquwura turmaybızwe are not in the middle of frying | sizquwura turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of frying | alaquwura turmaydılathey are not in the middle of frying |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwura turamamı? quwura turamıma?am I in the middle of frying? | senquwura turamısa?are you in the middle of frying? | olquwura turamıdı?is he in the middle of frying? | bizquwura turabızmı? quwura turamıbız?are we in the middle of frying? | sizquwura turamısız?are you all in the middle of frying? | alaquwura turamıdıla?are they in the middle of frying? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwura turmaymamı? quwura turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of frying? | senquwura turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of frying? | olquwura turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of frying? | bizquwura turmaybızmı? quwura turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of frying? | sizquwura turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of frying? | alaquwura turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of frying? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwurdumI fried | senquwurduŋyou fried | olquwurduhe fried | bizquwurduqwe fried | sizquwurduğuzyou all fried | alaquwurdulathey fried |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwurmadımI didn't fry | senquwurmadıŋyou didn't fry | olquwurmadıhe didn't fry | bizquwurmadıqwe didn't fry | sizquwurmadığızyou all didn't fry | alaquwurmadılathey didn't fry |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwurdummu?did I fry? | senquwurduŋmu?did you fry? | olquwurdumu?did he fry? | bizquwurduqmu?did we fry? | sizquwurduğuzmu?did you all fry? | alaquwurdulamı?did they fry? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwurmadımmı?didn't I fry? | senquwurmadıŋmı?didn't you fry? | olquwurmadımı?didn't he fry? | bizquwurmadıqmı?didn't we fry? | sizquwurmadığızmı?didn't you all fry? | alaquwurmadılamı?didn't they fry? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwurğanmaI have fried | senquwurğansayou have fried | olquwurğandıhe has fried | bizquwurğanbızwe have fried | sizquwurğansızyou all have fried | alaquwurğandılathey have fried |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwurmağanmaI haven't fried | senquwurmağansayou haven't fried | olquwurmağandıhe hasn't fried | bizquwurmağanbızwe haven't fried | sizquwurmağansızyou all haven't fried | alaquwurmağandılathey haven't fried |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwurğanmamı? quwurğanmıma?have I fried? | senquwurğanmısa?have you fried? | olquwurğanmıdı?has he fried? | bizquwurğanbızmı? quwurğanmıbız?have we fried? | sizquwurğanmısız?have you all fried? | alaquwurğanmıdıla?have they fried? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwurmağanmamı? quwurmağanmıma?haven't I fried? | senquwurmağanmısa?haven't you fried? | olquwurmağanmıdı?hasn't he fried? | bizquwurmağanbızmı? quwurmağanmıbız?haven't we fried? | sizquwurmağanmısız?haven't you all fried? | alaquwurmağanmıdıla?haven't they fried? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquwurub turdumI kept frying | senquwurub turduŋyou kept frying | olquwurub turduhe kept frying | bizquwurub turduqwe kept frying | sizquwurub turduğuzyou all kept frying | alaquwurub turdulathey kept frying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquwurub turmadımI didn't keep frying | senquwurub turmadıŋyou didn't keep frying | olquwurub turmadıhe didn't keep frying | bizquwurub turmadıqwe didn't keep frying | sizquwurub turmadığızyou all didn't keep frying | alaquwurub turmadılathey didn't keep frying |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwururmaI will fry | senquwurursayou will fry | olquwururhe will fry | bizquwururbuzwe will fry | sizquwurursuzyou all will fry | alaquwururlathey will fry |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwurmazmaI won't fry | senquwurmazsayou won't fry | olquwurmazhe won't fry | bizquwurmazbızwe won't fry | sizquwurmazsızyou all won't fry | alaquwurmazlathey won't fry |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwururmamı? quwururmuma?will I fry? | senquwururmusa?will you fry? | olquwururmu?will he fry? | bizquwururbuzmu? quwururmubuz?will we fry? | sizquwururmusuz?will you all fry? | alaquwururlamı? quwururmula?will they fry? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwurmazmamı? quwurmazmıma?won't I fry? | senquwurmazmısa?won't you fry? | olquwurmazmı?won't he fry? | bizquwurmazbızmı? quwurmazmıbız?won't we fry? | sizquwurmazmısız?won't you all fry? | alaquwurmazlamı? quwurmazmıla?won't they fry? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwurluqma1quwurruqmaI am going to fry | senquwurluqsa1quwurruqsayou are going to fry | olquwurluqdu1quwurruqduhe is going to fry | bizquwurluqbuz1quwurruqbuzwe are going to fry | sizquwurluqsuz1quwurruqsuzyou all are going to fry | alaquwurluqdula1quwurruqdulathey are going to fry |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwurluq tülme1quwurruq tülmeI am not going to fry | senquwurluq tülse1quwurruq tülseyou are not going to fry | olquwurluq tüldü1quwurruq tüldühe is not going to fry | bizquwurluq tülbüz1quwurruq tülbüzwe are not going to fry | sizquwurluq tülsüz1quwurruq tülsüzyou all are not going to fry | alaquwurluq tüldüle1quwurruq tüldülethey are not going to fry |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwurluqmamı?1 quwurluqmuma?quwurruqmamı?am I going to fry? | senquwurluqmusa?1quwurruqmusa?are you going to fry? | olquwurluqmudu?1quwurruqmudu?is he going to fry? | bizquwurluqbuzmu?1 quwurluqmubuz?quwurruqbuzmu?are we going to fry? | sizquwurluqmusuz?1quwurruqmusuz?are you all going to fry? | alaquwurluqmudula?1quwurruqmudula?are they going to fry? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwurluq tülmüme?1quwurruq tülmüme?aren't I going to fry? | senquwurluq tülmüse?1quwurruq tülmüse?aren't you going to fry? | olquwurluq tülmüdü?1quwurruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to fry? | bizquwurluq tülmübüz?1quwurruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to fry? | sizquwurluq tülmüsüz?1quwurruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to fry? | alaquwurluq tülmüdüle?1quwurruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to fry? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so quwurruqdu
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menquwurğan edimquwurğanemI had fried | senquwurğan ediŋquwurğaneŋyou had fried | olquwurğan ediquwurğanedhe had fried | bizquwurğan edikquwurğanekwe had fried | sizquwurğan edigizquwurğanegizyou all had fried | alaquwurğan edilequwurğanellethey had fried |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menquwurmağan edimquwurmağanemI hadn't fried | senquwurmağan ediŋquwurmağaneŋyou hadn't fried | olquwurmağan ediquwurmağanedhe hadn't fried | bizquwurmağan edikquwurmağanekwe hadn't fried | sizquwurmağan edigizquwurmağanegizyou all hadn't fried | alaquwurmağan edilequwurmağanellethey hadn't fried |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menquwura edimquwuraemI was frying | senquwura ediŋquwuraeŋyou were frying | olquwura ediquwuraedhe was frying | bizquwura edikquwuraekwe were frying | sizquwura edigizquwuraegizyou all were frying | alaquwura edilequwuraellethey were frying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menquwurmay edimquwurmayemI wasn't frying | senquwurmay ediŋquwurmayeŋyou weren't frying | olquwurmay ediquwurmayedhe wasn't frying | bizquwurmay edikquwurmayekwe weren't frying | sizquwurmay edigizquwurmayegizyou all weren't frying | alaquwurmay edilequwurmayellethey weren't frying |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menquwuruwçan edimquwuruwçanemI used to fry | senquwuruwçan ediŋquwuruwçaneŋyou used to fry | olquwuruwçan ediquwuruwçanedhe used to fry | bizquwuruwçan edikquwuruwçanekwe used to fry | sizquwuruwçan edigizquwuruwçanegizyou all used to fry | alaquwuruwçan edilequwuruwçanellethey used to fry |
| Habitual past (used to) | menquwurmawçan edimquwurmawçanemI didn't use to fry | senquwurmawçan ediŋquwurmawçaneŋyou didn't use to fry | olquwurmawçan ediquwurmawçanedhe didn't use to fry | bizquwurmawçan edikquwurmawçanekwe didn't use to fry | sizquwurmawçan edigizquwurmawçanegizyou all didn't use to fry | alaquwurmawçan edilequwurmawçanellethey didn't use to fry |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquwurub edihe had fried and remained so | alaquwurub edilethey had fried and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquwurub tül edihe hadn't fried | alaquwurub tül edilethey hadn't fried | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquwurub tura edimquwurub turaemI had kept frying | senquwurub tura ediŋquwurub turaeŋyou had kept frying | olquwurub tura ediquwurub turaedhe had kept frying | bizquwurub tura edikquwurub turaekwe had kept frying | sizquwurub tura edigizquwurub turaegizyou all had kept frying | alaquwurub tura edilequwurub turaellethey had kept frying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquwurub turmay edimquwurub turmayemI hadn't kept frying | senquwurub turmay ediŋquwurub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept frying | olquwurub turmay ediquwurub turmayedhe hadn't kept frying | bizquwurub turmay edikquwurub turmayekwe hadn't kept frying | sizquwurub turmay edigizquwurub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept frying | alaquwurub turmay edilequwurub turmayellethey hadn't kept frying |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menquwura tura edimquwura turaemI was in the middle of frying | senquwura tura ediŋquwura turaeŋyou were in the middle of frying | olquwura tura ediquwura turaedhe was in the middle of frying | bizquwura tura edikquwura turaekwe were in the middle of frying | sizquwura tura edigizquwura turaegizyou all were in the middle of frying | alaquwura tura edilequwura turaellethey were in the middle of frying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menquwura turmay edimquwura turmayemI wasn't in the middle of frying | senquwura turmay ediŋquwura turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of frying | olquwura turmay ediquwura turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of frying | bizquwura turmay edikquwura turmayekwe weren't in the middle of frying | sizquwura turmay edigizquwura turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of frying | alaquwura turmay edilequwura turmayellethey weren't in the middle of frying |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menquwurur edimquwurur emI would fry | senquwurur ediŋquwurur eŋyou would fry | olquwurur ediquwurur edhe would fry | bizquwurur edikquwurur ekwe would fry | sizquwurur edigizquwurur egizyou all would fry | alaquwurur edilequwurur ellethey would fry |
| Conditional result (would) | menquwurmaz edimquwurmaz emI wouldn't fry | senquwurmaz ediŋquwurmaz eŋyou wouldn't fry | olquwurmaz ediquwurmaz edhe wouldn't fry | bizquwurmaz edikquwurmaz ekwe wouldn't fry | sizquwurmaz edigizquwurmaz egizyou all wouldn't fry | alaquwurmaz edilequwurmaz ellethey wouldn't fry |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquwurluq edim2quwurluq emquwurruq edimI would have fried | senquwurluq ediŋ2quwurluq eŋquwurruq ediŋyou would have fried | olquwurluq edi2quwurluq edquwurruq edihe would have fried | bizquwurluq edik2quwurluq ekquwurruq edikwe would have fried | sizquwurluq edigiz2quwurluq egizquwurruq edigizyou all would have fried | alaquwurluq edile2quwurluq ellequwurruq edilethey would have fried |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquwurluq tül edim2quwurluq tül emquwurruq tül edimI wouldn't have fried | senquwurluq tül ediŋ2quwurluq tül eŋquwurruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have fried | olquwurluq tül edi2quwurluq tül edquwurruq tül edihe wouldn't have fried | bizquwurluq tül edik2quwurluq tül ekquwurruq tül edikwe wouldn't have fried | sizquwurluq tül edigiz2quwurluq tül egizquwurruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have fried | alaquwurluq tül edile2quwurluq tül ellequwurruq tül edilethey wouldn't have fried |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so quwurruq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menquwursamif I fry | senquwursaŋif you fry | olquwursaif he fries | bizquwursaqif we fry | sizquwursağızif you all fry | alaquwursalaif they fry |
| Conditional | menquwurmasamif I don't fry | senquwurmasaŋif you don't fry | olquwurmasaif he doesn't fry | bizquwurmasaqif we don't fry | sizquwurmasağızif you all don't fry | alaquwurmasalaif they don't fry |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menquwura esemif I am frying | senquwura eseŋif you are frying | olquwura eseif he is frying | bizquwura esekif we are frying | sizquwura esegizif you all are frying | alaquwura eseleif they are frying |
| Conditional, present real | menquwurmay esemif I am not frying | senquwurmay eseŋif you are not frying | olquwurmay eseif he is not frying | bizquwurmay esekif we are not frying | sizquwurmay esegizif you all are not frying | alaquwurmay eseleif they are not frying |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquwursam ediquwursam edif only I fried | senquwursaŋ ediquwursaŋ edif only you fried | olquwursa ediquwursaedif only he fried | bizquwursaq ediquwursaq edif only we fried | sizquwursağız ediquwursağız edif only you all fried | alaquwursala ediquwursalaedif only they fried |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquwurmasam ediquwurmasam edif only I didn't fry | senquwurmasaŋ ediquwurmasaŋ edif only you didn't fry | olquwurmasa ediquwurmasaedif only he didn't fry | bizquwurmasaq ediquwurmasaq edif only we didn't fry | sizquwurmasağız ediquwurmasağız edif only you all didn't fry | alaquwurmasala ediquwurmasalaedif only they didn't fry |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menquwurub tursamif I carry on frying | senquwurub tursaŋif you carry on frying | olquwurub tursaif he carries on frying | bizquwurub tursaqif we carry on frying | sizquwurub tursağızif you all carry on frying | alaquwurub tursalaif they carry on frying |
| Durative conditional | menquwurub turmasamif I don't carry on frying | senquwurub turmasaŋif you don't carry on frying | olquwurub turmasaif he doesn't carry on frying | bizquwurub turmasaqif we don't carry on frying | sizquwurub turmasağızif you all don't carry on frying | alaquwurub turmasalaif they don't carry on frying |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menquwurub tura esemif I have kept frying | senquwurub tura eseŋif you have kept frying | olquwurub tura eseif he has kept frying | bizquwurub tura esekif we have kept frying | sizquwurub tura esegizif you all have kept frying | alaquwurub tura eseleif they have kept frying |
| Durative conditional, present real | menquwurub turmay esemif I haven't kept frying | senquwurub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept frying | olquwurub turmay eseif he hasn't kept frying | bizquwurub turmay esekif we haven't kept frying | sizquwurub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept frying | alaquwurub turmay eseleif they haven't kept frying |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menquwura tursamif I keep frying | senquwura tursaŋif you keep frying | olquwura tursaif he keeps frying | bizquwura tursaqif we keep frying | sizquwura tursağızif you all keep frying | alaquwura tursalaif they keep frying |
| Progressive conditional | menquwurmay tursamif I keep on not frying | senquwurmay tursaŋif you keep on not frying | olquwurmay tursaif he keeps on not frying | bizquwurmay tursaqif we keep on not frying | sizquwurmay tursağızif you all keep on not frying | alaquwurmay tursalaif they keep on not frying |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menquwura tura esemif I am in the middle of frying | senquwura tura eseŋif you are in the middle of frying | olquwura tura eseif he is in the middle of frying | bizquwura tura esekif we are in the middle of frying | sizquwura tura esegizif you all are in the middle of frying | alaquwura tura eseleif they are in the middle of frying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menquwurmay tura esemif I keep on not frying | senquwurmay tura eseŋif you keep on not frying | olquwurmay tura eseif he keeps on not frying | bizquwurmay tura esekif we keep on not frying | sizquwurmay tura esegizif you all keep on not frying | alaquwurmay tura eseleif they keep on not frying |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menquwurdum esemif I fried | senquwurduŋ eseŋif you fried | olquwurdu eseif he fried | bizquwurduq esekif we fried | sizquwurduğuz esegizif you all fried | alaquwurdula eseleif they fried |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menquwurmadım esemif I didn't fry | senquwurmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't fry | olquwurmadı eseif he didn't fry | bizquwurmadıq esekif we didn't fry | sizquwurmadığız esegizif you all didn't fry | alaquwurmadıla eseleif they didn't fry |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menquwurğan esemif I did fry (indeed) | senquwurğan eseŋif you did fry (indeed) | olquwurğan eseif he did fry (indeed) | bizquwurğan esekif we did fry (indeed) | sizquwurğan esegizif you all did fry (indeed) | alaquwurğan eseleif they did fry (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menquwurmağan esemif I didn't fry (indeed) | senquwurmağan eseŋif you didn't fry (indeed) | olquwurmağan eseif he didn't fry (indeed) | bizquwurmağan esekif we didn't fry (indeed) | sizquwurmağan esegizif you all didn't fry (indeed) | alaquwurmağan eseleif they didn't fry (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menquwurğan bolsamif I had fried | senquwurğan bolsaŋif you had fried | olquwurğan bolsaif he had fried | bizquwurğan bolsaqif we had fried | sizquwurğan bolsağızif you all had fried | alaquwurğan bolsalaif they had fried |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menquwurmağan bolsamif I hadn't fried | senquwurmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't fried | olquwurmağan bolsaif he hadn't fried | bizquwurmağan bolsaqif we hadn't fried | sizquwurmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't fried | alaquwurmağan bolsalaif they hadn't fried |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menquwurğan bolsam ediquwurğan bolsam edif only I had fried | senquwurğan bolsaŋ ediquwurğan bolsaŋ edif only you had fried | olquwurğan bolsa ediquwurğan bolsaedif only he had fried | bizquwurğan bolsaq ediquwurğan bolsaq edif only we had fried | sizquwurğan bolsağız ediquwurğan bolsağız edif only you all had fried | alaquwurğan bolsala ediquwurğan bolsalaedif only they had fried |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menquwurmağan bolsam ediquwurmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't fried | senquwurmağan bolsaŋ ediquwurmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't fried | olquwurmağan bolsa ediquwurmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't fried | bizquwurmağan bolsaq ediquwurmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't fried | sizquwurmağan bolsağız ediquwurmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't fried | alaquwurmağan bolsala ediquwurmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't fried |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menquwurur esemif I will fry | senquwurur eseŋif you will fry | olquwurur eseif he will fry | bizquwurur esekif we will fry | sizquwurur esegizif you all will fry | alaquwurur eseleif they will fry |
| Conditional, aorist | menquwurmaz esemif I won't fry | senquwurmaz eseŋif you won't fry | olquwurmaz eseif he won't fry | bizquwurmaz esekif we won't fry | sizquwurmaz esegizif you all won't fry | alaquwurmaz eseleif they won't fry |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menquwurluq esem4quwurruq esemif I am going to fry | senquwurluq eseŋ4quwurruq eseŋif you are going to fry | olquwurluq ese4quwurruq eseif he is going to fry | bizquwurluq esek4quwurruq esekif we are going to fry | sizquwurluq esegiz4quwurruq esegizif you all are going to fry | alaquwurluq esele4quwurruq eseleif they are going to fry |
| Conditional, future | menquwurluq tül esem4quwurruq tül esemif I am not going to fry | senquwurluq tül eseŋ4quwurruq tül eseŋif you are not going to fry | olquwurluq tül ese4quwurruq tül eseif he is not going to fry | bizquwurluq tül esek4quwurruq tül esekif we are not going to fry | sizquwurluq tül esegiz4quwurruq tül esegizif you all are not going to fry | alaquwurluq tül esele4quwurruq tül eseleif they are not going to fry |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquwurluq bolsam5quwurruq bolsamif I were going to fry | senquwurluq bolsaŋ5quwurruq bolsaŋif you were going to fry | olquwurluq bolsa5quwurruq bolsaif he were going to fry | bizquwurluq bolsaq5quwurruq bolsaqif we were going to fry | sizquwurluq bolsağız5quwurruq bolsağızif you all were going to fry | alaquwurluq bolsala5quwurruq bolsalaif they were going to fry |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquwurmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to fry | senquwurmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to fry | olquwurmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to fry | bizquwurmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to fry | sizquwurmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to fry | alaquwurmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to fry |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso quwurduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so quwurruq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so quwurruq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menquwura bolurmaI must be frying | senquwura bolursayou must be frying | olquwura bolurhe must be frying | bizquwura bolurbuzwe must be frying | sizquwura bolursuzyou all must be frying | alaquwura bolurlathey must be frying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menquwurmay bolurmaI must not be frying | senquwurmay bolursayou must not be frying | olquwurmay bolurhe must not be frying | bizquwurmay bolurbuzwe must not be frying | sizquwurmay bolursuzyou all must not be frying | alaquwurmay bolurlathey must not be frying |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menquwura tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of frying | senquwura tura bolursayou must be in the middle of frying | olquwura tura bolurhe must be in the middle of frying | bizquwura tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of frying | sizquwura tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of frying | alaquwura tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of frying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menquwurmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not frying | senquwurmay tura bolursayou must keep on not frying | olquwurmay tura bolurhe must keep on not frying | bizquwurmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not frying | sizquwurmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not frying | alaquwurmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not frying |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menquwurğan bolurmaI must have fried | senquwurğan bolursayou must have fried | olquwurğan bolurhe must have fried | bizquwurğan bolurbuzwe must have fried | sizquwurğan bolursuzyou all must have fried | alaquwurğan bolurlathey must have fried |
| Inference (must have) | menquwurmağan bolurmaI must not have fried | senquwurmağan bolursayou must not have fried | olquwurmağan bolurhe must not have fried | bizquwurmağan bolurbuzwe must not have fried | sizquwurmağan bolursuzyou all must not have fried | alaquwurmağan bolurlathey must not have fried |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquwurluq bolurma6quwurruq bolurmaI must be going to fry | senquwurluq bolursa6quwurruq bolursayou must be going to fry | olquwurluq bolur6quwurruq bolurhe must be going to fry | bizquwurluq bolurbuz6quwurruq bolurbuzwe must be going to fry | sizquwurluq bolursuz6quwurruq bolursuzyou all must be going to fry | alaquwurluq bolurla6quwurruq bolurlathey must be going to fry |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquwurmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to fry | senquwurmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to fry | olquwurmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to fry | bizquwurmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to fry | sizquwurmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to fry | alaquwurmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to fry |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so quwurruq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menquwurayımlet me fry | senquwur!fry! | olquwursunlet him fry | bizquwurayıqlet's fry | sizquwuruğuz!fry, you all! | alaquwursunlalet them fry |
| Commands & suggestions | menquwurmayımlet me not fry | senquwurma!don't fry! | olquwurmasınlet him not fry | bizquwurmayıqlet's not fry | sizquwurmağız!don't fry, you all! | alaquwurmasınlalet them not fry |
| Commands & suggestions | menquwurayımmı?shall I fry? | olquwursunmu?should he fry? | bizquwurayıqmı?shall we fry? | alaquwursunlamı?should they fry? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menquwurmayımmı?shall I not fry? | olquwurmasınmı?should he not fry? | bizquwurmayıqmı?shall we not fry? | alaquwurmasınlamı?should they not fry? | ||
| Requests | senquwurçu7quwurçunplease fry | olquwursunçudo let him fry | sizquwurçuğuzplease fry (plural/polite) | alaquwursunlaçıdo let them fry | ||
| Requests | senquwurmaçı7quwurmaçınplease don't fry | olquwurmasınçıdo let him not fry | sizquwurmaçığızplease don't fry (plural/polite) | alaquwurmasınlaçıdo let them not fry | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senquwurğunquwurğumay you fry | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senquwurmağınquwurmağımay you not fry | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menquwurğay edim quwurğa edimwould that I fried | senquwurğay ediŋ quwurğa ediŋwould that you fried | olquwurğay edi quwurğa ediwould that he fried | bizquwurğay edik quwurğa edikwould that we fried | sizquwurğay edigiz quwurğa edigizwould that you all fried | alaquwurğay edile quwurğa edilewould that they fried |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menquwurmağay edim quwurmağa edimwould that I did not fry | senquwurmağay ediŋ quwurmağa ediŋwould that you did not fry | olquwurmağay edi quwurmağa ediwould that he did not fry | bizquwurmağay edik quwurmağa edikwould that we did not fry | sizquwurmağay edigiz quwurmağa edigizwould that you all did not fry | alaquwurmağay edile quwurmağa edilewould that they did not fry |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwurmağa qoyayımquwurma qoyayımlet me allow someone to fry | senquwurmağa qoy!quwurma qoy!let someone fry! | olquwurmağa qoysunquwurma qoysunlet him allow someone to fry | bizquwurmağa qoyayıqquwurma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to fry | sizquwurmağa qoyuğuz!quwurma qoyuğuz!let someone fry, you all! | alaquwurmağa qoysunlaquwurma qoysunlalet them allow someone to fry |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwurmağa qoymayımquwurma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to fry | senquwurmağa qoyma!quwurma qoyma!don't let someone fry! | olquwurmağa qoymasınquwurma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to fry | bizquwurmağa qoymayıqquwurma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to fry | sizquwurmağa qoymağız!quwurma qoymağız!don't let someone fry, you all! | alaquwurmağa qoymasınlaquwurma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to fry |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwurmağa qoyayımmı?quwurma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to fry? | olquwurmağa qoysunmu?quwurma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to fry? | bizquwurmağa qoyayıqmı?quwurma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to fry? | alaquwurmağa qoysunlamı?quwurma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to fry? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwurmağa qoymayımmı?quwurma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to fry? | olquwurmağa qoymasınmı?quwurma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to fry? | bizquwurmağa qoymayıqmı?quwurma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to fry? | alaquwurmağa qoymasınlamı?quwurma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to fry? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menquwurmağa qoyamaquwurma qoyamaI allow someone to fry | senquwurmağa qoyasaquwurma qoyasayou allow someone to fry | olquwurmağa qoyadıquwurma qoyadıhe allows someone to fry | bizquwurmağa qoyabızquwurma qoyabızwe allow someone to fry | sizquwurmağa qoyasızquwurma qoyasızyou all allow someone to fry | alaquwurmağa qoyadılaquwurma qoyadılathey allow someone to fry |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwurmağa qoymaymaquwurma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to fry | senquwurmağa qoymaysaquwurma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to fry | olquwurmağa qoymaydıquwurma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to fry | bizquwurmağa qoymaybızquwurma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to fry | sizquwurmağa qoymaysızquwurma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to fry | alaquwurmağa qoymaydılaquwurma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to fry |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwurmağa qoyamamı?quwurma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to fry? | senquwurmağa qoyamısa?quwurma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to fry? | olquwurmağa qoyamıdı?quwurma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to fry? | bizquwurmağa qoyabızmı?quwurma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to fry? | sizquwurmağa qoyamısız?quwurma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to fry? | alaquwurmağa qoyamıdıla?quwurma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to fry? |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwurmağa qoymaymamı?quwurma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to fry? | senquwurmağa qoymaymısa?quwurma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to fry? | olquwurmağa qoymaymıdı?quwurma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to fry? | bizquwurmağa qoymaybızmı?quwurma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to fry? | sizquwurmağa qoymaymısız?quwurma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to fry? | alaquwurmağa qoymaymıdıla?quwurma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to fry? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwurmağa qoydumquwurma qoydumI allowed someone to fry | senquwurmağa qoyduŋquwurma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to fry | olquwurmağa qoyduquwurma qoyduhe allowed someone to fry | bizquwurmağa qoyduqquwurma qoyduqwe allowed someone to fry | sizquwurmağa qoyduğuzquwurma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to fry | alaquwurmağa qoydulaquwurma qoydulathey allowed someone to fry |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwurmağa qoymadımquwurma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to fry | senquwurmağa qoymadıŋquwurma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to fry | olquwurmağa qoymadıquwurma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to fry | bizquwurmağa qoymadıqquwurma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to fry | sizquwurmağa qoymadığızquwurma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to fry | alaquwurmağa qoymadılaquwurma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to fry |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwurmağa qoydummu?quwurma qoydummu?did I allow someone to fry? | senquwurmağa qoyduŋmu?quwurma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to fry? | olquwurmağa qoydumu?quwurma qoydumu?did he allow someone to fry? | bizquwurmağa qoyduqmu?quwurma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to fry? | sizquwurmağa qoyduğuzmu?quwurma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to fry? | alaquwurmağa qoydulamı?quwurma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to fry? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwurmağa qoymadımmı?quwurma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to fry? | senquwurmağa qoymadıŋmı?quwurma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to fry? | olquwurmağa qoymadımı?quwurma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to fry? | bizquwurmağa qoymadıqmı?quwurma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to fry? | sizquwurmağa qoymadığızmı?quwurma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to fry? | alaquwurmağa qoymadılamı?quwurma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to fry? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
quwuralırğa be able to fry · quwuralmazğa be unable to fry
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menquwuralamaI can fry | senquwuralasayou can fry | olquwuraladıhe can fry | bizquwuralabızwe can fry | sizquwuralasızyou all can fry | alaquwuraladılathey can fry |
| Ability — present | menquwuralmaymaI can't fry | senquwuralmaysayou can't fry | olquwuralmaydıhe can't fry | bizquwuralmaybızwe can't fry | sizquwuralmaysızyou all can't fry | alaquwuralmaydılathey can't fry |
| Ability — present | menquwuralamamı? quwuralamıma?can I fry? | senquwuralamısa?can you fry? | olquwuralamıdı?can he fry? | bizquwuralabızmı? quwuralamıbız?can we fry? | sizquwuralamısız?can you all fry? | alaquwuralamıdıla?can they fry? |
| Ability — present | menquwuralmaymamı? quwuralmaymıma?can't I fry? | senquwuralmaymısa?can't you fry? | olquwuralmaymıdı?can't he fry? | bizquwuralmaybızmı? quwuralmaymıbız?can't we fry? | sizquwuralmaymısız?can't you all fry? | alaquwuralmaymıdıla?can't they fry? |
| Ability — if I can… | menquwuralsamif I can fry | senquwuralsaŋif you can fry | olquwuralsaif he can fry | bizquwuralsaqif we can fry | sizquwuralsağızif you all can fry | alaquwuralsalaif they can fry |
| Ability — if I can… | menquwuralmasamif I can't fry | senquwuralmasaŋif you can't fry | olquwuralmasaif he can't fry | bizquwuralmasaqif we can't fry | sizquwuralmasağızif you all can't fry | alaquwuralmasalaif they can't fry |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menquwuraldımI was able to fry | senquwuraldıŋyou were able to fry | olquwuraldıhe was able to fry | bizquwuraldıqwe were able to fry | sizquwuraldığızyou all were able to fry | alaquwuraldılathey were able to fry |
| Ability — simple past | menquwuralmadımI could not fry | senquwuralmadıŋyou could not fry | olquwuralmadıhe could not fry | bizquwuralmadıqwe could not fry | sizquwuralmadığızyou all could not fry | alaquwuralmadılathey could not fry |
| Ability — simple past | menquwuraldımmı?was I able to fry? | senquwuraldıŋmı?were you able to fry? | olquwuraldımı?was he able to fry? | bizquwuraldıqmı?were we able to fry? | sizquwuraldığızmı?were you all able to fry? | alaquwuraldılamı?were they able to fry? |
| Ability — simple past | menquwuralmadımmı?couldn't I fry? | senquwuralmadıŋmı?couldn't you fry? | olquwuralmadımı?couldn't he fry? | bizquwuralmadıqmı?couldn't we fry? | sizquwuralmadığızmı?couldn't you all fry? | alaquwuralmadılamı?couldn't they fry? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwuralğanmaI have been able to fry | senquwuralğansayou have been able to fry | olquwuralğandıhe has been able to fry | bizquwuralğanbızwe have been able to fry | sizquwuralğansızyou all have been able to fry | alaquwuralğandılathey have been able to fry |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwuralmağanmaI haven't been able to fry | senquwuralmağansayou haven't been able to fry | olquwuralmağandıhe hasn't been able to fry | bizquwuralmağanbızwe haven't been able to fry | sizquwuralmağansızyou all haven't been able to fry | alaquwuralmağandılathey haven't been able to fry |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwuralğanmamı? quwuralğanmıma?have I been able to fry? | senquwuralğanmısa?have you been able to fry? | olquwuralğanmıdı?has he been able to fry? | bizquwuralğanbızmı? quwuralğanmıbız?have we been able to fry? | sizquwuralğanmısız?have you all been able to fry? | alaquwuralğanmıdıla?have they been able to fry? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwuralmağanmamı? quwuralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to fry? | senquwuralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to fry? | olquwuralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to fry? | bizquwuralmağanbızmı? quwuralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to fry? | sizquwuralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to fry? | alaquwuralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to fry? |
| Ability — past perfect | menquwuralğan edimquwuralğanemI had been able to fry | senquwuralğan ediŋquwuralğaneŋyou had been able to fry | olquwuralğan ediquwuralğanedhe had been able to fry | bizquwuralğan edikquwuralğanekwe had been able to fry | sizquwuralğan edigizquwuralğanegizyou all had been able to fry | alaquwuralğan edilequwuralğanellethey had been able to fry |
| Ability — past perfect | menquwuralmağan edimquwuralmağanemI hadn't been able to fry | senquwuralmağan ediŋquwuralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to fry | olquwuralmağan ediquwuralmağanedhe hadn't been able to fry | bizquwuralmağan edikquwuralmağanekwe hadn't been able to fry | sizquwuralmağan edigizquwuralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to fry | alaquwuralmağan edilequwuralmağanellethey hadn't been able to fry |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menquwurala edimquwuralaemI could fry | senquwurala ediŋquwuralaeŋyou could fry | olquwurala ediquwuralaedhe could fry | bizquwurala edikquwuralaekwe could fry | sizquwurala edigizquwuralaegizyou all could fry | alaquwurala edilequwuralaellethey could fry |
| Ability — past background | menquwuralmay edimquwuralmayemI could not fry | senquwuralmay ediŋquwuralmayeŋyou could not fry | olquwuralmay ediquwuralmayedhe could not fry | bizquwuralmay edikquwuralmayekwe could not fry | sizquwuralmay edigizquwuralmayegizyou all could not fry | alaquwuralmay edilequwuralmayellethey could not fry |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menquwuralırmaI will be able to fry | senquwuralırsayou will be able to fry | olquwuralırhe will be able to fry | bizquwuralırbızwe will be able to fry | sizquwuralırsızyou all will be able to fry | alaquwuralırlathey will be able to fry |
| Ability — future I | menquwuralmazmaI won't be able to fry | senquwuralmazsayou won't be able to fry | olquwuralmazhe won't be able to fry | bizquwuralmazbızwe won't be able to fry | sizquwuralmazsızyou all won't be able to fry | alaquwuralmazlathey won't be able to fry |
| Ability — future I | menquwuralırmamı? quwuralırmıma?will I be able to fry? | senquwuralırmısa?will you be able to fry? | olquwuralırmı?will he be able to fry? | bizquwuralırbızmı? quwuralırmıbız?will we be able to fry? | sizquwuralırmısız?will you all be able to fry? | alaquwuralırlamı? quwuralırmıla?will they be able to fry? |
| Ability — future I | menquwuralmazmamı? quwuralmazmıma?won't I be able to fry? | senquwuralmazmısa?won't you be able to fry? | olquwuralmazmı?won't he be able to fry? | bizquwuralmazbızmı? quwuralmazmıbız?won't we be able to fry? | sizquwuralmazmısız?won't you all be able to fry? | alaquwuralmazlamı? quwuralmazmıla?won't they be able to fry? |
| Ability — future II | menquwurallıqmaI am going to be able to fry | senquwurallıqsayou are going to be able to fry | olquwurallıqdıhe is going to be able to fry | bizquwurallıqbızwe are going to be able to fry | sizquwurallıqsızyou all are going to be able to fry | alaquwurallıqdılathey are going to be able to fry |
| Ability — future II | menquwurallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to fry | senquwurallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to fry | olquwurallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to fry | bizquwurallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to fry | sizquwurallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to fry | alaquwurallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to fry |
| Ability — future II | menquwurallıqmamı? quwurallıqmıma?am I going to be able to fry? | senquwurallıqmısa?are you going to be able to fry? | olquwurallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to fry? | bizquwurallıqbızmı? quwurallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to fry? | sizquwurallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to fry? | alaquwurallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to fry? |
| Ability — future II | menquwurallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to fry? | senquwurallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to fry? | olquwurallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to fry? | bizquwurallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to fry? | sizquwurallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to fry? | alaquwurallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to fry? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquwuralır edimquwuralır emI would be able to fry | senquwuralır ediŋquwuralır eŋyou would be able to fry | olquwuralır ediquwuralır edhe would be able to fry | bizquwuralır edikquwuralır ekwe would be able to fry | sizquwuralır edigizquwuralır egizyou all would be able to fry | alaquwuralır edilequwuralır ellethey would be able to fry |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquwuralmaz edimquwuralmaz emI wouldn't be able to fry | senquwuralmaz ediŋquwuralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to fry | olquwuralmaz ediquwuralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to fry | bizquwuralmaz edikquwuralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to fry | sizquwuralmaz edigizquwuralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to fry | alaquwuralmaz edilequwuralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to fry |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquwuralğınquwuralğımay you be able to fry | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquwuralmağınquwuralmağımay you not be able to fry | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menquwururğa izleymeI want to fry | senquwururğa izleyseyou want to fry | olquwururğa izleydihe wants to fry | bizquwururğa izleybizwe want to fry | sizquwururğa izleysizyou all want to fry | alaquwururğa izleydilethey want to fry |
| want to | menquwururğa izlemeymeI do not want to fry | senquwururğa izlemeyseyou do not want to fry | olquwururğa izlemeydihe does not want to fry | bizquwururğa izlemeybizwe do not want to fry | sizquwururğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to fry | alaquwururğa izlemeydilethey do not want to fry |
| would like to | menquwururğa süemeI would like to fry | senquwururğa süeseyou would like to fry | olquwururğa süedihe would like to fry | bizquwururğa süebizwe would like to fry | sizquwururğa süesizyou all would like to fry | alaquwururğa süedilethey would like to fry |
| would like to | menquwururğa süymeymeI would not like to fry | senquwururğa süymeyseyou would not like to fry | olquwururğa süymeydihe would not like to fry | bizquwururğa süymeybizwe would not like to fry | sizquwururğa süymeysizyou all would not like to fry | alaquwururğa süymeydilethey would not like to fry |
| hope to | menquwururğa umutlanamaI hope to fry | senquwururğa umutlanasayou hope to fry | olquwururğa umutlanadıhe hopes to fry | bizquwururğa umutlanabızwe hope to fry | sizquwururğa umutlanasızyou all hope to fry | alaquwururğa umutlanadılathey hope to fry |
| hope to | menquwururğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to fry | senquwururğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to fry | olquwururğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to fry | bizquwururğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to fry | sizquwururğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to fry | alaquwururğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to fry |
| be about to | menquwururğa deb turamaI am about to fry | senquwururğa deb turasayou are about to fry | olquwururğa deb turadıhe is about to fry | bizquwururğa deb turabızwe are about to fry | sizquwururğa deb turasızyou all are about to fry | alaquwururğa deb turadılathey are about to fry |
| be about to | menquwururğa deb turmaymaI am not about to fry | senquwururğa deb turmaysayou are not about to fry | olquwururğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to fry | bizquwururğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to fry | sizquwururğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to fry | alaquwururğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to fry |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menquwururğa kerekmeI need to fry | senquwururğa kerekseyou need to fry | olquwururğa kerekdihe needs to fry | bizquwururğa kerekbizwe need to fry | sizquwururğa kereksizyou all need to fry | alaquwururğa kerekdilethey need to fry |
| need to | menquwururğa kerek tülmeI do not need to fry | senquwururğa kerek tülseyou do not need to fry | olquwururğa kerek tüldühe does not need to fry | bizquwururğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to fry | sizquwururğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to fry | alaquwururğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to fry |
| have to | menmenŋe quwururğa tüşediI have to fry | sensenŋe quwururğa tüşediyou have to fry | olaŋa quwururğa tüşedihe has to fry | bizbizge quwururğa tüşediwe have to fry | sizsizge quwururğa tüşediyou all have to fry | alaalağa quwururğa tüşedithey have to fry |
| have to | menmenŋe quwururğa tüşmeydiI do not have to fry | sensenŋe quwururğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to fry | olaŋa quwururğa tüşmeydihe does not have to fry | bizbizge quwururğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to fry | sizsizge quwururğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to fry | alaalağa quwururğa tüşmeydithey do not have to fry |
| be obliged to | menquwururğa borçlumaI am obliged to fry | senquwururğa borçlusayou are obliged to fry | olquwururğa borçluduhe is obliged to fry | bizquwururğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to fry | sizquwururğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to fry | alaquwururğa borçludulathey are obliged to fry |
| be obliged to | menquwururğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to fry | senquwururğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to fry | olquwururğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to fry | bizquwururğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to fry | sizquwururğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to fry | alaquwururğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to fry |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menquwururğa madarım bardıI have a way to fry | senquwururğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to fry | olquwururğa madarı bardıhe has a way to fry | bizquwururğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to fry | sizquwururğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to fry | alaquwururğa madarları bardıthey have a way to fry |
| have a way to | menquwururğa madarım joqduI have no way to fry | senquwururğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to fry | olquwururğa madarı joqduhe has no way to fry | bizquwururğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to fry | sizquwururğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to fry | alaquwururğa madarları joqduthey have no way to fry |
| be free to | menquwururğa erkinligim bardıI am free to fry | senquwururğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to fry | olquwururğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to fry | bizquwururğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to fry | sizquwururğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to fry | alaquwururğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to fry |
| be free to | menquwururğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to fry | senquwururğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to fry | olquwururğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to fry | bizquwururğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to fry | sizquwururğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to fry | alaquwururğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to fry |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quwururğa bolluqduit is possible for me to fry | sensenŋe quwururğa bolluqduit is possible for you to fry | olaŋa quwururğa bolluqduit is possible for him to fry | bizbizge quwururğa bolluqduit is possible for us to fry | sizsizge quwururğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to fry | alaalağa quwururğa bolluqduit is possible for them to fry |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to fry | sensenŋe quwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to fry | olaŋa quwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to fry | bizbizge quwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to fry | sizsizge quwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to fry | alaalağa quwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to fry |
| be ready to | menquwururğa hazırmaI am ready to fry | senquwururğa hazırsayou are ready to fry | olquwururğa hazırdıhe is ready to fry | bizquwururğa hazırbızwe are ready to fry | sizquwururğa hazırsızyou all are ready to fry | alaquwururğa hazırdılathey are ready to fry |
| be ready to | menquwururğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to fry | senquwururğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to fry | olquwururğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to fry | bizquwururğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to fry | sizquwururğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to fry | alaquwururğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to fry |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menquwururğa küreşemeI am trying to fry | senquwururğa küreşeseyou are trying to fry | olquwururğa küreşedihe is trying to fry | bizquwururğa küreşebizwe are trying to fry | sizquwururğa küreşesizyou all are trying to fry | alaquwururğa küreşedilethey are trying to fry |
| try to | menquwururğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to fry | senquwururğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to fry | olquwururğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to fry | bizquwururğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to fry | sizquwururğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to fry | alaquwururğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to fry |
| agree to | menquwururğa unaymaI agree to fry | senquwururğa unaysayou agree to fry | olquwururğa unaydıhe agrees to fry | bizquwururğa unaybızwe agree to fry | sizquwururğa unaysızyou all agree to fry | alaquwururğa unaydılathey agree to fry |
| agree to | menquwururğa unamaymaI refuse to fry | senquwururğa unamaysayou refuse to fry | olquwururğa unamaydıhe refuses to fry | bizquwururğa unamaybızwe refuse to fry | sizquwururğa unamaysızyou all refuse to fry | alaquwururğa unamaydılathey refuse to fry |
| hurry to | menquwururğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to fry | senquwururğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to fry | olquwururğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to fry | bizquwururğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to fry | sizquwururğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to fry | alaquwururğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to fry |
| hurry to | menquwururğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to fry | senquwururğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to fry | olquwururğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to fry | bizquwururğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to fry | sizquwururğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to fry | alaquwururğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to fry |
| be afraid to | menquwururğa qorqamaI am afraid to fry | senquwururğa qorqasayou are afraid to fry | olquwururğa qorqadıhe is afraid to fry | bizquwururğa qorqabızwe are afraid to fry | sizquwururğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to fry | alaquwururğa qorqadılathey are afraid to fry |
| be afraid to | menquwururğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to fry | senquwururğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to fry | olquwururğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to fry | bizquwururğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to fry | sizquwururğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to fry | alaquwururğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to fry |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menquwura bolmazmaI can't be frying | senquwura bolmazsayou can't be frying | olquwura bolmazhe can't be frying | bizquwura bolmazbızwe can't be frying | sizquwura bolmazsızyou all can't be frying | alaquwura bolmazlathey can't be frying |
| Inference, present — double negation | menquwurmay bolmazmaI must be frying (emphatic) | senquwurmay bolmazsayou must be frying (emphatic) | olquwurmay bolmazhe must be frying (emphatic) | bizquwurmay bolmazbızwe must be frying (emphatic) | sizquwurmay bolmazsızyou all must be frying (emphatic) | alaquwurmay bolmazlathey must be frying (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menquwura turmasamif I don't keep frying | senquwura turmasaŋif you don't keep frying | olquwura turmasaif he doesn't keep frying | bizquwura turmasaqif we don't keep frying | sizquwura turmasağızif you all don't keep frying | alaquwura turmasalaif they don't keep frying |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menquwura tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of frying | senquwura tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of frying | olquwura tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of frying | bizquwura tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of frying | sizquwura tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of frying | alaquwura tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of frying |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menquwurmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not frying (emphatic) | senquwurmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not frying (emphatic) | olquwurmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not frying (emphatic) | bizquwurmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not frying (emphatic) | sizquwurmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not frying (emphatic) | alaquwurmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not frying (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menquwurmay turamaI keep on not frying | senquwurmay turasayou keep on not frying | olquwurmay turadıhe keeps on not frying | bizquwurmay turabızwe keep on not frying | sizquwurmay turasızyou all keep on not frying | alaquwurmay turadılathey keep on not frying |
| Progressive — double negation | menquwurmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not frying | senquwurmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not frying | olquwurmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not frying | bizquwurmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not frying | sizquwurmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not frying | alaquwurmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not frying |
| Progressive — double negation | menquwurmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not frying? | senquwurmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not frying? | olquwurmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not frying? | bizquwurmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not frying? | sizquwurmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not frying? | alaquwurmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not frying? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menquwurğan bolmazmaI can't have fried | senquwurğan bolmazsayou can't have fried | olquwurğan bolmazhe can't have fried | bizquwurğan bolmazbızwe can't have fried | sizquwurğan bolmazsızyou all can't have fried | alaquwurğan bolmazlathey can't have fried |
| Inference — double negation | menquwurmağan bolmazmaI must have fried (emphatic) | senquwurmağan bolmazsayou must have fried (emphatic) | olquwurmağan bolmazhe must have fried (emphatic) | bizquwurmağan bolmazbızwe must have fried (emphatic) | sizquwurmağan bolmazsızyou all must have fried (emphatic) | alaquwurmağan bolmazlathey must have fried (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menquwurğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had fried | senquwurğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had fried | olquwurğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had fried | bizquwurğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had fried | sizquwurğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had fried | alaquwurğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had fried |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menquwurmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't fried | senquwurmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't fried | olquwurmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't fried | bizquwurmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't fried | sizquwurmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't fried | alaquwurmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't fried |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menquwurluq bolmazmaI can't be going to fry | senquwurluq bolmazsayou can't be going to fry | olquwurluq bolmazhe can't be going to fry | bizquwurluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to fry | sizquwurluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to fry | alaquwurluq bolmazlathey can't be going to fry |
| Inference, future — double negation | menquwurmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to fry (emphatic) | senquwurmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to fry (emphatic) | olquwurmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to fry (emphatic) | bizquwurmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to fry (emphatic) | sizquwurmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to fry (emphatic) | alaquwurmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to fry (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menquwurluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to fry | senquwurluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to fry | olquwurluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to fry | bizquwurluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to fry | sizquwurluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to fry | alaquwurluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to fry |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menquwurmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to fry | senquwurmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to fry | olquwurmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to fry | bizquwurmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to fry | sizquwurmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to fry | alaquwurmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to fry |