qorulurğa
/qorulurʁa/
1. be guarded, be watched over, be protected, be defended
- qorulğan jer — a guarded place
- jawdan qorulğan — protected against the enemy
- qorulğan jerde kırdık igi bitedi — grass grows well in a guarded place
- baçha keçe qoruladı — the garden is guarded at night
- qışlıq igi qoruladı — the winter pasture is well guarded
- halq jawdan qoruladı — the people are defended from the enemy
- ata jurt qorulurğa kerekdi — the homeland must be defended
- sabiyle qorulğandıla — the children have been protected
2. be driven off, be kept away, be kept off
- çibinle aşarıqdan qorulub turadıla — the flies are kept off the food
- buzow qorulurğa kerekdi — the calf must be kept away
- malla bitimden qorulurğa kerekdile — the cattle must be kept off the crop
- çibinle qorulğandıla — the flies have been driven off
Conjugation
Common forms
- qoruladıhe is being guarded
- qorulduhe was guarded
- qorulğandıhe has been guarded
- qorulurhe will be guarded
- qorulluqduhe is going to be guarded
- qorula edihe was being guarded
- qorulsaif he is guarded
- qorul!be guarded!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqorulamaI am being guarded | senqorulasayou are being guarded | olqoruladıhe is being guarded | bizqorulabızwe are being guarded | sizqorulasızyou all are being guarded | alaqoruladılathey are being guarded |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqorulmaymaI am not being guarded | senqorulmaysayou are not being guarded | olqorulmaydıhe is not being guarded | bizqorulmaybızwe are not being guarded | sizqorulmaysızyou all are not being guarded | alaqorulmaydılathey are not being guarded |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqorulamamı? qorulamıma?am I being guarded? | senqorulamısa?are you being guarded? | olqorulamıdı?is he being guarded? | bizqorulabızmı? qorulamıbız?are we being guarded? | sizqorulamısız?are you all being guarded? | alaqorulamıdıla?are they being guarded? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqorulmaymamı? qorulmaymıma?aren't I being guarded? | senqorulmaymısa?aren't you being guarded? | olqorulmaymıdı?isn't he being guarded? | bizqorulmaybızmı? qorulmaymıbız?aren't we being guarded? | sizqorulmaymısız?aren't you all being guarded? | alaqorulmaymıdıla?aren't they being guarded? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqoruluwçanmaI am usually guarded | senqoruluwçansayou are usually guarded | olqoruluwçandıhe is usually guarded | bizqoruluwçanbızwe are usually guarded | sizqoruluwçansızyou all are usually guarded | alaqoruluwçandılathey are usually guarded |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqorulmawçanmaI am usually not guarded | senqorulmawçansayou are usually not guarded | olqorulmawçandıhe is usually not guarded | bizqorulmawçanbızwe are usually not guarded | sizqorulmawçansızyou all are usually not guarded | alaqorulmawçandılathey are usually not guarded |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqoruluwçanmamı? qoruluwçanmıma?am I usually guarded? | senqoruluwçanmısa?are you usually guarded? | olqoruluwçanmıdı?is he usually guarded? | bizqoruluwçanbızmı? qoruluwçanmıbız?are we usually guarded? | sizqoruluwçanmısız?are you all usually guarded? | alaqoruluwçanmıdıla?are they usually guarded? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqorulmawçanmamı? qorulmawçanmıma?am I usually not guarded? | senqorulmawçanmısa?are you usually not guarded? | olqorulmawçanmıdı?is he usually not guarded? | bizqorulmawçanbızmı? qorulmawçanmıbız?are we usually not guarded? | sizqorulmawçanmısız?are you all usually not guarded? | alaqorulmawçanmıdıla?are they usually not guarded? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqorulubduhe has been guarded and remains so | alaqorulubdulathey have been guarded and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqorulubmudu?has he been guarded? | alaqorulubmudula?have they been guarded? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorulub turamaI remain guarded | senqorulub turasayou remain guarded | olqorulub turadıhe remains guarded | bizqorulub turabızwe remain guarded | sizqorulub turasızyou all remain guarded | alaqorulub turadılathey remain guarded |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorulub turmaymaI don't remain guarded | senqorulub turmaysayou don't remain guarded | olqorulub turmaydıhe doesn't remain guarded | bizqorulub turmaybızwe don't remain guarded | sizqorulub turmaysızyou all don't remain guarded | alaqorulub turmaydılathey don't remain guarded |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorulub turamamı? qorulub turamıma?do I remain guarded? | senqorulub turamısa?do you remain guarded? | olqorulub turamıdı?does he remain guarded? | bizqorulub turabızmı? qorulub turamıbız?do we remain guarded? | sizqorulub turamısız?do you all remain guarded? | alaqorulub turamıdıla?do they remain guarded? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqorulub turmaymamı? qorulub turmaymıma?don't I remain guarded? | senqorulub turmaymısa?don't you remain guarded? | olqorulub turmaymıdı?doesn't he remain guarded? | bizqorulub turmaybızmı? qorulub turmaymıbız?don't we remain guarded? | sizqorulub turmaymısız?don't you all remain guarded? | alaqorulub turmaymıdıla?don't they remain guarded? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqorula turamaI am in the middle of being guarded | senqorula turasayou are in the middle of being guarded | olqorula turadıhe is in the middle of being guarded | bizqorula turabızwe are in the middle of being guarded | sizqorula turasızyou all are in the middle of being guarded | alaqorula turadılathey are in the middle of being guarded |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqorula turmaymaI am not in the middle of being guarded | senqorula turmaysayou are not in the middle of being guarded | olqorula turmaydıhe is not in the middle of being guarded | bizqorula turmaybızwe are not in the middle of being guarded | sizqorula turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of being guarded | alaqorula turmaydılathey are not in the middle of being guarded |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqorula turamamı? qorula turamıma?am I in the middle of being guarded? | senqorula turamısa?are you in the middle of being guarded? | olqorula turamıdı?is he in the middle of being guarded? | bizqorula turabızmı? qorula turamıbız?are we in the middle of being guarded? | sizqorula turamısız?are you all in the middle of being guarded? | alaqorula turamıdıla?are they in the middle of being guarded? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqorula turmaymamı? qorula turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of being guarded? | senqorula turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of being guarded? | olqorula turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of being guarded? | bizqorula turmaybızmı? qorula turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of being guarded? | sizqorula turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of being guarded? | alaqorula turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of being guarded? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqoruldumI was guarded | senqorulduŋyou were guarded | olqorulduhe was guarded | bizqorulduqwe were guarded | sizqorulduğuzyou all were guarded | alaqoruldulathey were guarded |
| Simple past (definite) | menqorulmadımI wasn't guarded | senqorulmadıŋyou weren't guarded | olqorulmadıhe wasn't guarded | bizqorulmadıqwe weren't guarded | sizqorulmadığızyou all weren't guarded | alaqorulmadılathey weren't guarded |
| Simple past (definite) | menqoruldummu?was I guarded? | senqorulduŋmu?were you guarded? | olqoruldumu?was he guarded? | bizqorulduqmu?were we guarded? | sizqorulduğuzmu?were you all guarded? | alaqoruldulamı?were they guarded? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqorulmadımmı?wasn't I guarded? | senqorulmadıŋmı?weren't you guarded? | olqorulmadımı?wasn't he guarded? | bizqorulmadıqmı?weren't we guarded? | sizqorulmadığızmı?weren't you all guarded? | alaqorulmadılamı?weren't they guarded? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqorulğanmaI have been guarded | senqorulğansayou have been guarded | olqorulğandıhe has been guarded | bizqorulğanbızwe have been guarded | sizqorulğansızyou all have been guarded | alaqorulğandılathey have been guarded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqorulmağanmaI haven't been guarded | senqorulmağansayou haven't been guarded | olqorulmağandıhe hasn't been guarded | bizqorulmağanbızwe haven't been guarded | sizqorulmağansızyou all haven't been guarded | alaqorulmağandılathey haven't been guarded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqorulğanmamı? qorulğanmıma?have I been guarded? | senqorulğanmısa?have you been guarded? | olqorulğanmıdı?has he been guarded? | bizqorulğanbızmı? qorulğanmıbız?have we been guarded? | sizqorulğanmısız?have you all been guarded? | alaqorulğanmıdıla?have they been guarded? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqorulmağanmamı? qorulmağanmıma?haven't I been guarded? | senqorulmağanmısa?haven't you been guarded? | olqorulmağanmıdı?hasn't he been guarded? | bizqorulmağanbızmı? qorulmağanmıbız?haven't we been guarded? | sizqorulmağanmısız?haven't you all been guarded? | alaqorulmağanmıdıla?haven't they been guarded? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqorulub turdumI remained guarded | senqorulub turduŋyou remained guarded | olqorulub turduhe remained guarded | bizqorulub turduqwe remained guarded | sizqorulub turduğuzyou all remained guarded | alaqorulub turdulathey remained guarded |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqorulub turmadımI didn't remain guarded | senqorulub turmadıŋyou didn't remain guarded | olqorulub turmadıhe didn't remain guarded | bizqorulub turmadıqwe didn't remain guarded | sizqorulub turmadığızyou all didn't remain guarded | alaqorulub turmadılathey didn't remain guarded |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorulurmaI will be guarded | senqorulursayou will be guarded | olqorulurhe will be guarded | bizqorulurbuzwe will be guarded | sizqorulursuzyou all will be guarded | alaqorulurlathey will be guarded |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorulmazmaI won't be guarded | senqorulmazsayou won't be guarded | olqorulmazhe won't be guarded | bizqorulmazbızwe won't be guarded | sizqorulmazsızyou all won't be guarded | alaqorulmazlathey won't be guarded |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorulurmamı? qorulurmuma?will I be guarded? | senqorulurmusa?will you be guarded? | olqorulurmu?will he be guarded? | bizqorulurbuzmu? qorulurmubuz?will we be guarded? | sizqorulurmusuz?will you all be guarded? | alaqorulurlamı? qorulurmula?will they be guarded? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqorulmazmamı? qorulmazmıma?won't I be guarded? | senqorulmazmısa?won't you be guarded? | olqorulmazmı?won't he be guarded? | bizqorulmazbızmı? qorulmazmıbız?won't we be guarded? | sizqorulmazmısız?won't you all be guarded? | alaqorulmazlamı? qorulmazmıla?won't they be guarded? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqorulluqmaI am going to be guarded | senqorulluqsayou are going to be guarded | olqorulluqduhe is going to be guarded | bizqorulluqbuzwe are going to be guarded | sizqorulluqsuzyou all are going to be guarded | alaqorulluqdulathey are going to be guarded |
| Definite future (future II) | menqorulluq tülmeI am not going to be guarded | senqorulluq tülseyou are not going to be guarded | olqorulluq tüldühe is not going to be guarded | bizqorulluq tülbüzwe are not going to be guarded | sizqorulluq tülsüzyou all are not going to be guarded | alaqorulluq tüldülethey are not going to be guarded |
| Definite future (future II) | menqorulluqmamı? qorulluqmuma?am I going to be guarded? | senqorulluqmusa?are you going to be guarded? | olqorulluqmudu?is he going to be guarded? | bizqorulluqbuzmu? qorulluqmubuz?are we going to be guarded? | sizqorulluqmusuz?are you all going to be guarded? | alaqorulluqmudula?are they going to be guarded? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqorulluq tülmüme?aren't I going to be guarded? | senqorulluq tülmüse?aren't you going to be guarded? | olqorulluq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be guarded? | bizqorulluq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be guarded? | sizqorulluq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be guarded? | alaqorulluq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be guarded? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqorulğan edimqorulğanemI had been guarded | senqorulğan ediŋqorulğaneŋyou had been guarded | olqorulğan ediqorulğanedhe had been guarded | bizqorulğan edikqorulğanekwe had been guarded | sizqorulğan edigizqorulğanegizyou all had been guarded | alaqorulğan edileqorulğanellethey had been guarded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqorulmağan edimqorulmağanemI hadn't been guarded | senqorulmağan ediŋqorulmağaneŋyou hadn't been guarded | olqorulmağan ediqorulmağanedhe hadn't been guarded | bizqorulmağan edikqorulmağanekwe hadn't been guarded | sizqorulmağan edigizqorulmağanegizyou all hadn't been guarded | alaqorulmağan edileqorulmağanellethey hadn't been guarded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqorula edimqorulaemI was being guarded | senqorula ediŋqorulaeŋyou were being guarded | olqorula ediqorulaedhe was being guarded | bizqorula edikqorulaekwe were being guarded | sizqorula edigizqorulaegizyou all were being guarded | alaqorula edileqorulaellethey were being guarded |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqorulmay edimqorulmayemI wasn't being guarded | senqorulmay ediŋqorulmayeŋyou weren't being guarded | olqorulmay ediqorulmayedhe wasn't being guarded | bizqorulmay edikqorulmayekwe weren't being guarded | sizqorulmay edigizqorulmayegizyou all weren't being guarded | alaqorulmay edileqorulmayellethey weren't being guarded |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqoruluwçan edimqoruluwçanemI used to be guarded | senqoruluwçan ediŋqoruluwçaneŋyou used to be guarded | olqoruluwçan ediqoruluwçanedhe used to be guarded | bizqoruluwçan edikqoruluwçanekwe used to be guarded | sizqoruluwçan edigizqoruluwçanegizyou all used to be guarded | alaqoruluwçan edileqoruluwçanellethey used to be guarded |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqorulmawçan edimqorulmawçanemI didn't use to be guarded | senqorulmawçan ediŋqorulmawçaneŋyou didn't use to be guarded | olqorulmawçan ediqorulmawçanedhe didn't use to be guarded | bizqorulmawçan edikqorulmawçanekwe didn't use to be guarded | sizqorulmawçan edigizqorulmawçanegizyou all didn't use to be guarded | alaqorulmawçan edileqorulmawçanellethey didn't use to be guarded |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqorulub edihe had been guarded and remained so | alaqorulub edilethey had been guarded and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqorulub tül edihe hadn't been guarded | alaqorulub tül edilethey hadn't been guarded | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqorulub tura edimqorulub turaemI had remained guarded | senqorulub tura ediŋqorulub turaeŋyou had remained guarded | olqorulub tura ediqorulub turaedhe had remained guarded | bizqorulub tura edikqorulub turaekwe had remained guarded | sizqorulub tura edigizqorulub turaegizyou all had remained guarded | alaqorulub tura edileqorulub turaellethey had remained guarded |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqorulub turmay edimqorulub turmayemI hadn't remained guarded | senqorulub turmay ediŋqorulub turmayeŋyou hadn't remained guarded | olqorulub turmay ediqorulub turmayedhe hadn't remained guarded | bizqorulub turmay edikqorulub turmayekwe hadn't remained guarded | sizqorulub turmay edigizqorulub turmayegizyou all hadn't remained guarded | alaqorulub turmay edileqorulub turmayellethey hadn't remained guarded |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqorula tura edimqorula turaemI was in the middle of being guarded | senqorula tura ediŋqorula turaeŋyou were in the middle of being guarded | olqorula tura ediqorula turaedhe was in the middle of being guarded | bizqorula tura edikqorula turaekwe were in the middle of being guarded | sizqorula tura edigizqorula turaegizyou all were in the middle of being guarded | alaqorula tura edileqorula turaellethey were in the middle of being guarded |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqorula turmay edimqorula turmayemI wasn't in the middle of being guarded | senqorula turmay ediŋqorula turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of being guarded | olqorula turmay ediqorula turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of being guarded | bizqorula turmay edikqorula turmayekwe weren't in the middle of being guarded | sizqorula turmay edigizqorula turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of being guarded | alaqorula turmay edileqorula turmayellethey weren't in the middle of being guarded |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqorulur edimqorulur emI would be guarded | senqorulur ediŋqorulur eŋyou would be guarded | olqorulur ediqorulur edhe would be guarded | bizqorulur edikqorulur ekwe would be guarded | sizqorulur edigizqorulur egizyou all would be guarded | alaqorulur edileqorulur ellethey would be guarded |
| Conditional result (would) | menqorulmaz edimqorulmaz emI wouldn't be guarded | senqorulmaz ediŋqorulmaz eŋyou wouldn't be guarded | olqorulmaz ediqorulmaz edhe wouldn't be guarded | bizqorulmaz edikqorulmaz ekwe wouldn't be guarded | sizqorulmaz edigizqorulmaz egizyou all wouldn't be guarded | alaqorulmaz edileqorulmaz ellethey wouldn't be guarded |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqorulluq edimqorulluq emI would have been guarded | senqorulluq ediŋqorulluq eŋyou would have been guarded | olqorulluq ediqorulluq edhe would have been guarded | bizqorulluq edikqorulluq ekwe would have been guarded | sizqorulluq edigizqorulluq egizyou all would have been guarded | alaqorulluq edileqorulluq ellethey would have been guarded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqorulluq tül edimqorulluq tül emI wouldn't have been guarded | senqorulluq tül ediŋqorulluq tül eŋyou wouldn't have been guarded | olqorulluq tül ediqorulluq tül edhe wouldn't have been guarded | bizqorulluq tül edikqorulluq tül ekwe wouldn't have been guarded | sizqorulluq tül edigizqorulluq tül egizyou all wouldn't have been guarded | alaqorulluq tül edileqorulluq tül ellethey wouldn't have been guarded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqorulsamif I am guarded | senqorulsaŋif you are guarded | olqorulsaif he is guarded | bizqorulsaqif we are guarded | sizqorulsağızif you all are guarded | alaqorulsalaif they are guarded |
| Conditional | menqorulmasamif I am not guarded | senqorulmasaŋif you are not guarded | olqorulmasaif he is not guarded | bizqorulmasaqif we are not guarded | sizqorulmasağızif you all are not guarded | alaqorulmasalaif they are not guarded |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqorula esemif I am being guarded | senqorula eseŋif you are being guarded | olqorula eseif he is being guarded | bizqorula esekif we are being guarded | sizqorula esegizif you all are being guarded | alaqorula eseleif they are being guarded |
| Conditional, present real | menqorulmay esemif I am not being guarded | senqorulmay eseŋif you are not being guarded | olqorulmay eseif he is not being guarded | bizqorulmay esekif we are not being guarded | sizqorulmay esegizif you all are not being guarded | alaqorulmay eseleif they are not being guarded |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqorulsam ediqorulsam edif only I was guarded | senqorulsaŋ ediqorulsaŋ edif only you was guarded | olqorulsa ediqorulsaedif only he was guarded | bizqorulsaq ediqorulsaq edif only we was guarded | sizqorulsağız ediqorulsağız edif only you all was guarded | alaqorulsala ediqorulsalaedif only they was guarded |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqorulmasam ediqorulmasam edif only I didn't be guarded | senqorulmasaŋ ediqorulmasaŋ edif only you didn't be guarded | olqorulmasa ediqorulmasaedif only he didn't be guarded | bizqorulmasaq ediqorulmasaq edif only we didn't be guarded | sizqorulmasağız ediqorulmasağız edif only you all didn't be guarded | alaqorulmasala ediqorulmasalaedif only they didn't be guarded |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqorulub tursamif I remain guarded | senqorulub tursaŋif you remain guarded | olqorulub tursaif he remains guarded | bizqorulub tursaqif we remain guarded | sizqorulub tursağızif you all remain guarded | alaqorulub tursalaif they remain guarded |
| Durative conditional | menqorulub turmasamif I don't remain guarded | senqorulub turmasaŋif you don't remain guarded | olqorulub turmasaif he doesn't remain guarded | bizqorulub turmasaqif we don't remain guarded | sizqorulub turmasağızif you all don't remain guarded | alaqorulub turmasalaif they don't remain guarded |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqorulub tura esemif I have remained guarded | senqorulub tura eseŋif you have remained guarded | olqorulub tura eseif he has remained guarded | bizqorulub tura esekif we have remained guarded | sizqorulub tura esegizif you all have remained guarded | alaqorulub tura eseleif they have remained guarded |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqorulub turmay esemif I haven't remained guarded | senqorulub turmay eseŋif you haven't remained guarded | olqorulub turmay eseif he hasn't remained guarded | bizqorulub turmay esekif we haven't remained guarded | sizqorulub turmay esegizif you all haven't remained guarded | alaqorulub turmay eseleif they haven't remained guarded |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqorula tursamif I keep being guarded | senqorula tursaŋif you keep being guarded | olqorula tursaif he keeps being guarded | bizqorula tursaqif we keep being guarded | sizqorula tursağızif you all keep being guarded | alaqorula tursalaif they keep being guarded |
| Progressive conditional | menqorulmay tursamif I keep on not being guarded | senqorulmay tursaŋif you keep on not being guarded | olqorulmay tursaif he keeps on not being guarded | bizqorulmay tursaqif we keep on not being guarded | sizqorulmay tursağızif you all keep on not being guarded | alaqorulmay tursalaif they keep on not being guarded |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqorula tura esemif I am in the middle of being guarded | senqorula tura eseŋif you are in the middle of being guarded | olqorula tura eseif he is in the middle of being guarded | bizqorula tura esekif we are in the middle of being guarded | sizqorula tura esegizif you all are in the middle of being guarded | alaqorula tura eseleif they are in the middle of being guarded |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqorulmay tura esemif I keep on not being guarded | senqorulmay tura eseŋif you keep on not being guarded | olqorulmay tura eseif he keeps on not being guarded | bizqorulmay tura esekif we keep on not being guarded | sizqorulmay tura esegizif you all keep on not being guarded | alaqorulmay tura eseleif they keep on not being guarded |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqoruldum esemif I was guarded | senqorulduŋ eseŋif you were guarded | olqoruldu eseif he was guarded | bizqorulduq esekif we were guarded | sizqorulduğuz esegizif you all were guarded | alaqoruldula eseleif they were guarded |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqorulmadım esemif I wasn't guarded | senqorulmadıŋ eseŋif you weren't guarded | olqorulmadı eseif he wasn't guarded | bizqorulmadıq esekif we weren't guarded | sizqorulmadığız esegizif you all weren't guarded | alaqorulmadıla eseleif they weren't guarded |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqorulğan esemif I was guarded (indeed) | senqorulğan eseŋif you were guarded (indeed) | olqorulğan eseif he was guarded (indeed) | bizqorulğan esekif we were guarded (indeed) | sizqorulğan esegizif you all were guarded (indeed) | alaqorulğan eseleif they were guarded (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqorulmağan esemif I wasn't guarded (indeed) | senqorulmağan eseŋif you weren't guarded (indeed) | olqorulmağan eseif he wasn't guarded (indeed) | bizqorulmağan esekif we weren't guarded (indeed) | sizqorulmağan esegizif you all weren't guarded (indeed) | alaqorulmağan eseleif they weren't guarded (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqorulğan bolsamif I had been guarded | senqorulğan bolsaŋif you had been guarded | olqorulğan bolsaif he had been guarded | bizqorulğan bolsaqif we had been guarded | sizqorulğan bolsağızif you all had been guarded | alaqorulğan bolsalaif they had been guarded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqorulmağan bolsamif I hadn't been guarded | senqorulmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't been guarded | olqorulmağan bolsaif he hadn't been guarded | bizqorulmağan bolsaqif we hadn't been guarded | sizqorulmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't been guarded | alaqorulmağan bolsalaif they hadn't been guarded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqorulğan bolsam ediqorulğan bolsam edif only I had been guarded | senqorulğan bolsaŋ ediqorulğan bolsaŋ edif only you had been guarded | olqorulğan bolsa ediqorulğan bolsaedif only he had been guarded | bizqorulğan bolsaq ediqorulğan bolsaq edif only we had been guarded | sizqorulğan bolsağız ediqorulğan bolsağız edif only you all had been guarded | alaqorulğan bolsala ediqorulğan bolsalaedif only they had been guarded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqorulmağan bolsam ediqorulmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't been guarded | senqorulmağan bolsaŋ ediqorulmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't been guarded | olqorulmağan bolsa ediqorulmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't been guarded | bizqorulmağan bolsaq ediqorulmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't been guarded | sizqorulmağan bolsağız ediqorulmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't been guarded | alaqorulmağan bolsala ediqorulmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't been guarded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqorulur esemif I will be guarded | senqorulur eseŋif you will be guarded | olqorulur eseif he will be guarded | bizqorulur esekif we will be guarded | sizqorulur esegizif you all will be guarded | alaqorulur eseleif they will be guarded |
| Conditional, aorist | menqorulmaz esemif I won't be guarded | senqorulmaz eseŋif you won't be guarded | olqorulmaz eseif he won't be guarded | bizqorulmaz esekif we won't be guarded | sizqorulmaz esegizif you all won't be guarded | alaqorulmaz eseleif they won't be guarded |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqorulluq esemif I am going to be guarded | senqorulluq eseŋif you are going to be guarded | olqorulluq eseif he is going to be guarded | bizqorulluq esekif we are going to be guarded | sizqorulluq esegizif you all are going to be guarded | alaqorulluq eseleif they are going to be guarded |
| Conditional, future | menqorulluq tül esemif I am not going to be guarded | senqorulluq tül eseŋif you are not going to be guarded | olqorulluq tül eseif he is not going to be guarded | bizqorulluq tül esekif we are not going to be guarded | sizqorulluq tül esegizif you all are not going to be guarded | alaqorulluq tül eseleif they are not going to be guarded |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqorulluq bolsamif I were going to be guarded | senqorulluq bolsaŋif you were going to be guarded | olqorulluq bolsaif he were going to be guarded | bizqorulluq bolsaqif we were going to be guarded | sizqorulluq bolsağızif you all were going to be guarded | alaqorulluq bolsalaif they were going to be guarded |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqorulmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to be guarded | senqorulmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to be guarded | olqorulmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to be guarded | bizqorulmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to be guarded | sizqorulmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to be guarded | alaqorulmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to be guarded |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qorulduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqorula bolurmaI must be being guarded | senqorula bolursayou must be being guarded | olqorula bolurhe must be being guarded | bizqorula bolurbuzwe must be being guarded | sizqorula bolursuzyou all must be being guarded | alaqorula bolurlathey must be being guarded |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqorulmay bolurmaI must not be being guarded | senqorulmay bolursayou must not be being guarded | olqorulmay bolurhe must not be being guarded | bizqorulmay bolurbuzwe must not be being guarded | sizqorulmay bolursuzyou all must not be being guarded | alaqorulmay bolurlathey must not be being guarded |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqorula tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of being guarded | senqorula tura bolursayou must be in the middle of being guarded | olqorula tura bolurhe must be in the middle of being guarded | bizqorula tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of being guarded | sizqorula tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of being guarded | alaqorula tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of being guarded |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqorulmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not being guarded | senqorulmay tura bolursayou must keep on not being guarded | olqorulmay tura bolurhe must keep on not being guarded | bizqorulmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not being guarded | sizqorulmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not being guarded | alaqorulmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not being guarded |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqorulğan bolurmaI must have been guarded | senqorulğan bolursayou must have been guarded | olqorulğan bolurhe must have been guarded | bizqorulğan bolurbuzwe must have been guarded | sizqorulğan bolursuzyou all must have been guarded | alaqorulğan bolurlathey must have been guarded |
| Inference (must have) | menqorulmağan bolurmaI must not have been guarded | senqorulmağan bolursayou must not have been guarded | olqorulmağan bolurhe must not have been guarded | bizqorulmağan bolurbuzwe must not have been guarded | sizqorulmağan bolursuzyou all must not have been guarded | alaqorulmağan bolurlathey must not have been guarded |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqorulluq bolurmaI must be going to be guarded | senqorulluq bolursayou must be going to be guarded | olqorulluq bolurhe must be going to be guarded | bizqorulluq bolurbuzwe must be going to be guarded | sizqorulluq bolursuzyou all must be going to be guarded | alaqorulluq bolurlathey must be going to be guarded |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqorulmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to be guarded | senqorulmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to be guarded | olqorulmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to be guarded | bizqorulmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to be guarded | sizqorulmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to be guarded | alaqorulmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to be guarded |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqorulayımlet me be guarded | senqorul!be guarded! | olqorulsunlet him be guarded | bizqorulayıqlet's be guarded | sizqoruluğuz!be guarded, you all! | alaqorulsunlalet them be guarded |
| Commands & suggestions | menqorulmayımlet me not be guarded | senqorulma!don't be guarded! | olqorulmasınlet him not be guarded | bizqorulmayıqlet's not be guarded | sizqorulmağız!don't be guarded, you all! | alaqorulmasınlalet them not be guarded |
| Commands & suggestions | menqorulayımmı?shall I be guarded? | olqorulsunmu?should he be guarded? | bizqorulayıqmı?shall we be guarded? | alaqorulsunlamı?should they be guarded? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqorulmayımmı?shall I not be guarded? | olqorulmasınmı?should he not be guarded? | bizqorulmayıqmı?shall we not be guarded? | alaqorulmasınlamı?should they not be guarded? | ||
| Requests | senqorulçu2qorulçunplease be guarded | olqorulsunçudo let him be guarded | sizqorulçuğuzplease be guarded (plural/polite) | alaqorulsunlaçıdo let them be guarded | ||
| Requests | senqorulmaçı2qorulmaçınplease don't be guarded | olqorulmasınçıdo let him not be guarded | sizqorulmaçığızplease don't be guarded (plural/polite) | alaqorulmasınlaçıdo let them not be guarded | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqorulğunqorulğumay you be guarded | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqorulmağınqorulmağımay you not be guarded | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqorulğay edim qorulğa edimwould that I were guarded | senqorulğay ediŋ qorulğa ediŋwould that you were guarded | olqorulğay edi qorulğa ediwould that he were guarded | bizqorulğay edik qorulğa edikwould that we were guarded | sizqorulğay edigiz qorulğa edigizwould that you all were guarded | alaqorulğay edile qorulğa edilewould that they were guarded |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqorulmağay edim qorulmağa edimwould that I were not guarded | senqorulmağay ediŋ qorulmağa ediŋwould that you were not guarded | olqorulmağay edi qorulmağa ediwould that he were not guarded | bizqorulmağay edik qorulmağa edikwould that we were not guarded | sizqorulmağay edigiz qorulmağa edigizwould that you all were not guarded | alaqorulmağay edile qorulmağa edilewould that they were not guarded |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorulmağa qoyayımqorulma qoyayımlet me allow someone to be guarded | senqorulmağa qoy!qorulma qoy!let someone be guarded! | olqorulmağa qoysunqorulma qoysunlet him allow someone to be guarded | bizqorulmağa qoyayıqqorulma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to be guarded | sizqorulmağa qoyuğuz!qorulma qoyuğuz!let someone be guarded, you all! | alaqorulmağa qoysunlaqorulma qoysunlalet them allow someone to be guarded |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorulmağa qoymayımqorulma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to be guarded | senqorulmağa qoyma!qorulma qoyma!don't let someone be guarded! | olqorulmağa qoymasınqorulma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to be guarded | bizqorulmağa qoymayıqqorulma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to be guarded | sizqorulmağa qoymağız!qorulma qoymağız!don't let someone be guarded, you all! | alaqorulmağa qoymasınlaqorulma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to be guarded |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorulmağa qoyayımmı?qorulma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to be guarded? | olqorulmağa qoysunmu?qorulma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to be guarded? | bizqorulmağa qoyayıqmı?qorulma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to be guarded? | alaqorulmağa qoysunlamı?qorulma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to be guarded? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqorulmağa qoymayımmı?qorulma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to be guarded? | olqorulmağa qoymasınmı?qorulma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to be guarded? | bizqorulmağa qoymayıqmı?qorulma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to be guarded? | alaqorulmağa qoymasınlamı?qorulma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to be guarded? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqorulmağa qoyamaqorulma qoyamaI allow someone to be guarded | senqorulmağa qoyasaqorulma qoyasayou allow someone to be guarded | olqorulmağa qoyadıqorulma qoyadıhe allows someone to be guarded | bizqorulmağa qoyabızqorulma qoyabızwe allow someone to be guarded | sizqorulmağa qoyasızqorulma qoyasızyou all allow someone to be guarded | alaqorulmağa qoyadılaqorulma qoyadılathey allow someone to be guarded |
| Let someone… (present) | menqorulmağa qoymaymaqorulma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to be guarded | senqorulmağa qoymaysaqorulma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to be guarded | olqorulmağa qoymaydıqorulma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to be guarded | bizqorulmağa qoymaybızqorulma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to be guarded | sizqorulmağa qoymaysızqorulma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to be guarded | alaqorulmağa qoymaydılaqorulma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to be guarded |
| Let someone… (present) | menqorulmağa qoyamamı?qorulma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to be guarded? | senqorulmağa qoyamısa?qorulma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to be guarded? | olqorulmağa qoyamıdı?qorulma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to be guarded? | bizqorulmağa qoyabızmı?qorulma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to be guarded? | sizqorulmağa qoyamısız?qorulma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to be guarded? | alaqorulmağa qoyamıdıla?qorulma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to be guarded? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqorulmağa qoymaymamı?qorulma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to be guarded? | senqorulmağa qoymaymısa?qorulma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to be guarded? | olqorulmağa qoymaymıdı?qorulma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to be guarded? | bizqorulmağa qoymaybızmı?qorulma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to be guarded? | sizqorulmağa qoymaymısız?qorulma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to be guarded? | alaqorulmağa qoymaymıdıla?qorulma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to be guarded? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorulmağa qoydumqorulma qoydumI allowed someone to be guarded | senqorulmağa qoyduŋqorulma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to be guarded | olqorulmağa qoyduqorulma qoyduhe allowed someone to be guarded | bizqorulmağa qoyduqqorulma qoyduqwe allowed someone to be guarded | sizqorulmağa qoyduğuzqorulma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to be guarded | alaqorulmağa qoydulaqorulma qoydulathey allowed someone to be guarded |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorulmağa qoymadımqorulma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to be guarded | senqorulmağa qoymadıŋqorulma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to be guarded | olqorulmağa qoymadıqorulma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to be guarded | bizqorulmağa qoymadıqqorulma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to be guarded | sizqorulmağa qoymadığızqorulma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to be guarded | alaqorulmağa qoymadılaqorulma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to be guarded |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorulmağa qoydummu?qorulma qoydummu?did I allow someone to be guarded? | senqorulmağa qoyduŋmu?qorulma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to be guarded? | olqorulmağa qoydumu?qorulma qoydumu?did he allow someone to be guarded? | bizqorulmağa qoyduqmu?qorulma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to be guarded? | sizqorulmağa qoyduğuzmu?qorulma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to be guarded? | alaqorulmağa qoydulamı?qorulma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to be guarded? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqorulmağa qoymadımmı?qorulma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to be guarded? | senqorulmağa qoymadıŋmı?qorulma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to be guarded? | olqorulmağa qoymadımı?qorulma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to be guarded? | bizqorulmağa qoymadıqmı?qorulma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to be guarded? | sizqorulmağa qoymadığızmı?qorulma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to be guarded? | alaqorulmağa qoymadılamı?qorulma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to be guarded? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qorulalırğa be able to be guarded · qorulalmazğa be unable to be guarded
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqorulalamaI can be guarded | senqorulalasayou can be guarded | olqorulaladıhe can be guarded | bizqorulalabızwe can be guarded | sizqorulalasızyou all can be guarded | alaqorulaladılathey can be guarded |
| Ability — present | menqorulalmaymaI can't be guarded | senqorulalmaysayou can't be guarded | olqorulalmaydıhe can't be guarded | bizqorulalmaybızwe can't be guarded | sizqorulalmaysızyou all can't be guarded | alaqorulalmaydılathey can't be guarded |
| Ability — present | menqorulalamamı? qorulalamıma?can I be guarded? | senqorulalamısa?can you be guarded? | olqorulalamıdı?can he be guarded? | bizqorulalabızmı? qorulalamıbız?can we be guarded? | sizqorulalamısız?can you all be guarded? | alaqorulalamıdıla?can they be guarded? |
| Ability — present | menqorulalmaymamı? qorulalmaymıma?can't I be guarded? | senqorulalmaymısa?can't you be guarded? | olqorulalmaymıdı?can't he be guarded? | bizqorulalmaybızmı? qorulalmaymıbız?can't we be guarded? | sizqorulalmaymısız?can't you all be guarded? | alaqorulalmaymıdıla?can't they be guarded? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqorulalsamif I can be guarded | senqorulalsaŋif you can be guarded | olqorulalsaif he can be guarded | bizqorulalsaqif we can be guarded | sizqorulalsağızif you all can be guarded | alaqorulalsalaif they can be guarded |
| Ability — if I can… | menqorulalmasamif I can't be guarded | senqorulalmasaŋif you can't be guarded | olqorulalmasaif he can't be guarded | bizqorulalmasaqif we can't be guarded | sizqorulalmasağızif you all can't be guarded | alaqorulalmasalaif they can't be guarded |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqorulaldımI was able to be guarded | senqorulaldıŋyou were able to be guarded | olqorulaldıhe was able to be guarded | bizqorulaldıqwe were able to be guarded | sizqorulaldığızyou all were able to be guarded | alaqorulaldılathey were able to be guarded |
| Ability — simple past | menqorulalmadımI could not be guarded | senqorulalmadıŋyou could not be guarded | olqorulalmadıhe could not be guarded | bizqorulalmadıqwe could not be guarded | sizqorulalmadığızyou all could not be guarded | alaqorulalmadılathey could not be guarded |
| Ability — simple past | menqorulaldımmı?was I able to be guarded? | senqorulaldıŋmı?were you able to be guarded? | olqorulaldımı?was he able to be guarded? | bizqorulaldıqmı?were we able to be guarded? | sizqorulaldığızmı?were you all able to be guarded? | alaqorulaldılamı?were they able to be guarded? |
| Ability — simple past | menqorulalmadımmı?couldn't I be guarded? | senqorulalmadıŋmı?couldn't you be guarded? | olqorulalmadımı?couldn't he be guarded? | bizqorulalmadıqmı?couldn't we be guarded? | sizqorulalmadığızmı?couldn't you all be guarded? | alaqorulalmadılamı?couldn't they be guarded? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqorulalğanmaI have been able to be guarded | senqorulalğansayou have been able to be guarded | olqorulalğandıhe has been able to be guarded | bizqorulalğanbızwe have been able to be guarded | sizqorulalğansızyou all have been able to be guarded | alaqorulalğandılathey have been able to be guarded |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqorulalmağanmaI haven't been able to be guarded | senqorulalmağansayou haven't been able to be guarded | olqorulalmağandıhe hasn't been able to be guarded | bizqorulalmağanbızwe haven't been able to be guarded | sizqorulalmağansızyou all haven't been able to be guarded | alaqorulalmağandılathey haven't been able to be guarded |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqorulalğanmamı? qorulalğanmıma?have I been able to be guarded? | senqorulalğanmısa?have you been able to be guarded? | olqorulalğanmıdı?has he been able to be guarded? | bizqorulalğanbızmı? qorulalğanmıbız?have we been able to be guarded? | sizqorulalğanmısız?have you all been able to be guarded? | alaqorulalğanmıdıla?have they been able to be guarded? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqorulalmağanmamı? qorulalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to be guarded? | senqorulalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to be guarded? | olqorulalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to be guarded? | bizqorulalmağanbızmı? qorulalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to be guarded? | sizqorulalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to be guarded? | alaqorulalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to be guarded? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqorulalğan edimqorulalğanemI had been able to be guarded | senqorulalğan ediŋqorulalğaneŋyou had been able to be guarded | olqorulalğan ediqorulalğanedhe had been able to be guarded | bizqorulalğan edikqorulalğanekwe had been able to be guarded | sizqorulalğan edigizqorulalğanegizyou all had been able to be guarded | alaqorulalğan edileqorulalğanellethey had been able to be guarded |
| Ability — past perfect | menqorulalmağan edimqorulalmağanemI hadn't been able to be guarded | senqorulalmağan ediŋqorulalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to be guarded | olqorulalmağan ediqorulalmağanedhe hadn't been able to be guarded | bizqorulalmağan edikqorulalmağanekwe hadn't been able to be guarded | sizqorulalmağan edigizqorulalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to be guarded | alaqorulalmağan edileqorulalmağanellethey hadn't been able to be guarded |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqorulala edimqorulalaemI could be guarded | senqorulala ediŋqorulalaeŋyou could be guarded | olqorulala ediqorulalaedhe could be guarded | bizqorulala edikqorulalaekwe could be guarded | sizqorulala edigizqorulalaegizyou all could be guarded | alaqorulala edileqorulalaellethey could be guarded |
| Ability — past background | menqorulalmay edimqorulalmayemI could not be guarded | senqorulalmay ediŋqorulalmayeŋyou could not be guarded | olqorulalmay ediqorulalmayedhe could not be guarded | bizqorulalmay edikqorulalmayekwe could not be guarded | sizqorulalmay edigizqorulalmayegizyou all could not be guarded | alaqorulalmay edileqorulalmayellethey could not be guarded |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqorulalırmaI will be able to be guarded | senqorulalırsayou will be able to be guarded | olqorulalırhe will be able to be guarded | bizqorulalırbızwe will be able to be guarded | sizqorulalırsızyou all will be able to be guarded | alaqorulalırlathey will be able to be guarded |
| Ability — future I | menqorulalmazmaI won't be able to be guarded | senqorulalmazsayou won't be able to be guarded | olqorulalmazhe won't be able to be guarded | bizqorulalmazbızwe won't be able to be guarded | sizqorulalmazsızyou all won't be able to be guarded | alaqorulalmazlathey won't be able to be guarded |
| Ability — future I | menqorulalırmamı? qorulalırmıma?will I be able to be guarded? | senqorulalırmısa?will you be able to be guarded? | olqorulalırmı?will he be able to be guarded? | bizqorulalırbızmı? qorulalırmıbız?will we be able to be guarded? | sizqorulalırmısız?will you all be able to be guarded? | alaqorulalırlamı? qorulalırmıla?will they be able to be guarded? |
| Ability — future I | menqorulalmazmamı? qorulalmazmıma?won't I be able to be guarded? | senqorulalmazmısa?won't you be able to be guarded? | olqorulalmazmı?won't he be able to be guarded? | bizqorulalmazbızmı? qorulalmazmıbız?won't we be able to be guarded? | sizqorulalmazmısız?won't you all be able to be guarded? | alaqorulalmazlamı? qorulalmazmıla?won't they be able to be guarded? |
| Ability — future II | menqorulallıqmaI am going to be able to be guarded | senqorulallıqsayou are going to be able to be guarded | olqorulallıqdıhe is going to be able to be guarded | bizqorulallıqbızwe are going to be able to be guarded | sizqorulallıqsızyou all are going to be able to be guarded | alaqorulallıqdılathey are going to be able to be guarded |
| Ability — future II | menqorulallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to be guarded | senqorulallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to be guarded | olqorulallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to be guarded | bizqorulallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to be guarded | sizqorulallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to be guarded | alaqorulallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to be guarded |
| Ability — future II | menqorulallıqmamı? qorulallıqmıma?am I going to be able to be guarded? | senqorulallıqmısa?are you going to be able to be guarded? | olqorulallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to be guarded? | bizqorulallıqbızmı? qorulallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to be guarded? | sizqorulallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to be guarded? | alaqorulallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to be guarded? |
| Ability — future II | menqorulallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to be guarded? | senqorulallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to be guarded? | olqorulallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to be guarded? | bizqorulallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to be guarded? | sizqorulallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to be guarded? | alaqorulallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to be guarded? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqorulalır edimqorulalır emI would be able to be guarded | senqorulalır ediŋqorulalır eŋyou would be able to be guarded | olqorulalır ediqorulalır edhe would be able to be guarded | bizqorulalır edikqorulalır ekwe would be able to be guarded | sizqorulalır edigizqorulalır egizyou all would be able to be guarded | alaqorulalır edileqorulalır ellethey would be able to be guarded |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqorulalmaz edimqorulalmaz emI wouldn't be able to be guarded | senqorulalmaz ediŋqorulalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to be guarded | olqorulalmaz ediqorulalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to be guarded | bizqorulalmaz edikqorulalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to be guarded | sizqorulalmaz edigizqorulalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to be guarded | alaqorulalmaz edileqorulalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to be guarded |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqorulalğınqorulalğımay you be able to be guarded | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqorulalmağınqorulalmağımay you not be able to be guarded | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqorulurğa izleymeI want to be guarded | senqorulurğa izleyseyou want to be guarded | olqorulurğa izleydihe wants to be guarded | bizqorulurğa izleybizwe want to be guarded | sizqorulurğa izleysizyou all want to be guarded | alaqorulurğa izleydilethey want to be guarded |
| want to | menqorulurğa izlemeymeI do not want to be guarded | senqorulurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to be guarded | olqorulurğa izlemeydihe does not want to be guarded | bizqorulurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to be guarded | sizqorulurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to be guarded | alaqorulurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to be guarded |
| would like to | menqorulurğa süemeI would like to be guarded | senqorulurğa süeseyou would like to be guarded | olqorulurğa süedihe would like to be guarded | bizqorulurğa süebizwe would like to be guarded | sizqorulurğa süesizyou all would like to be guarded | alaqorulurğa süedilethey would like to be guarded |
| would like to | menqorulurğa süymeymeI would not like to be guarded | senqorulurğa süymeyseyou would not like to be guarded | olqorulurğa süymeydihe would not like to be guarded | bizqorulurğa süymeybizwe would not like to be guarded | sizqorulurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to be guarded | alaqorulurğa süymeydilethey would not like to be guarded |
| hope to | menqorulurğa umutlanamaI hope to be guarded | senqorulurğa umutlanasayou hope to be guarded | olqorulurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to be guarded | bizqorulurğa umutlanabızwe hope to be guarded | sizqorulurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to be guarded | alaqorulurğa umutlanadılathey hope to be guarded |
| hope to | menqorulurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to be guarded | senqorulurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to be guarded | olqorulurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to be guarded | bizqorulurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to be guarded | sizqorulurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to be guarded | alaqorulurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to be guarded |
| be about to | menqorulurğa deb turamaI am about to be guarded | senqorulurğa deb turasayou are about to be guarded | olqorulurğa deb turadıhe is about to be guarded | bizqorulurğa deb turabızwe are about to be guarded | sizqorulurğa deb turasızyou all are about to be guarded | alaqorulurğa deb turadılathey are about to be guarded |
| be about to | menqorulurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to be guarded | senqorulurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to be guarded | olqorulurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to be guarded | bizqorulurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to be guarded | sizqorulurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to be guarded | alaqorulurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to be guarded |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqorulurğa kerekmeI need to be guarded | senqorulurğa kerekseyou need to be guarded | olqorulurğa kerekdihe needs to be guarded | bizqorulurğa kerekbizwe need to be guarded | sizqorulurğa kereksizyou all need to be guarded | alaqorulurğa kerekdilethey need to be guarded |
| need to | menqorulurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to be guarded | senqorulurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to be guarded | olqorulurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to be guarded | bizqorulurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to be guarded | sizqorulurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to be guarded | alaqorulurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to be guarded |
| have to | menmenŋe qorulurğa tüşediI have to be guarded | sensenŋe qorulurğa tüşediyou have to be guarded | olaŋa qorulurğa tüşedihe has to be guarded | bizbizge qorulurğa tüşediwe have to be guarded | sizsizge qorulurğa tüşediyou all have to be guarded | alaalağa qorulurğa tüşedithey have to be guarded |
| have to | menmenŋe qorulurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to be guarded | sensenŋe qorulurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to be guarded | olaŋa qorulurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to be guarded | bizbizge qorulurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to be guarded | sizsizge qorulurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to be guarded | alaalağa qorulurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to be guarded |
| be obliged to | menqorulurğa borçlumaI am obliged to be guarded | senqorulurğa borçlusayou are obliged to be guarded | olqorulurğa borçluduhe is obliged to be guarded | bizqorulurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to be guarded | sizqorulurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to be guarded | alaqorulurğa borçludulathey are obliged to be guarded |
| be obliged to | menqorulurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to be guarded | senqorulurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to be guarded | olqorulurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to be guarded | bizqorulurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to be guarded | sizqorulurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to be guarded | alaqorulurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to be guarded |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqorulurğa madarım bardıI have a way to be guarded | senqorulurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to be guarded | olqorulurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to be guarded | bizqorulurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to be guarded | sizqorulurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to be guarded | alaqorulurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to be guarded |
| have a way to | menqorulurğa madarım joqduI have no way to be guarded | senqorulurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to be guarded | olqorulurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to be guarded | bizqorulurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to be guarded | sizqorulurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to be guarded | alaqorulurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to be guarded |
| be free to | menqorulurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to be guarded | senqorulurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to be guarded | olqorulurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to be guarded | bizqorulurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to be guarded | sizqorulurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to be guarded | alaqorulurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to be guarded |
| be free to | menqorulurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to be guarded | senqorulurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to be guarded | olqorulurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to be guarded | bizqorulurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to be guarded | sizqorulurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to be guarded | alaqorulurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to be guarded |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qorulurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to be guarded | sensenŋe qorulurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to be guarded | olaŋa qorulurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to be guarded | bizbizge qorulurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to be guarded | sizsizge qorulurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to be guarded | alaalağa qorulurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to be guarded |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qorulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to be guarded | sensenŋe qorulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to be guarded | olaŋa qorulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to be guarded | bizbizge qorulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to be guarded | sizsizge qorulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to be guarded | alaalağa qorulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to be guarded |
| be ready to | menqorulurğa hazırmaI am ready to be guarded | senqorulurğa hazırsayou are ready to be guarded | olqorulurğa hazırdıhe is ready to be guarded | bizqorulurğa hazırbızwe are ready to be guarded | sizqorulurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to be guarded | alaqorulurğa hazırdılathey are ready to be guarded |
| be ready to | menqorulurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to be guarded | senqorulurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to be guarded | olqorulurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to be guarded | bizqorulurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to be guarded | sizqorulurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to be guarded | alaqorulurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to be guarded |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqorulurğa küreşemeI am trying to be guarded | senqorulurğa küreşeseyou are trying to be guarded | olqorulurğa küreşedihe is trying to be guarded | bizqorulurğa küreşebizwe are trying to be guarded | sizqorulurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to be guarded | alaqorulurğa küreşedilethey are trying to be guarded |
| try to | menqorulurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to be guarded | senqorulurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to be guarded | olqorulurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to be guarded | bizqorulurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to be guarded | sizqorulurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to be guarded | alaqorulurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to be guarded |
| agree to | menqorulurğa unaymaI agree to be guarded | senqorulurğa unaysayou agree to be guarded | olqorulurğa unaydıhe agrees to be guarded | bizqorulurğa unaybızwe agree to be guarded | sizqorulurğa unaysızyou all agree to be guarded | alaqorulurğa unaydılathey agree to be guarded |
| agree to | menqorulurğa unamaymaI refuse to be guarded | senqorulurğa unamaysayou refuse to be guarded | olqorulurğa unamaydıhe refuses to be guarded | bizqorulurğa unamaybızwe refuse to be guarded | sizqorulurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to be guarded | alaqorulurğa unamaydılathey refuse to be guarded |
| hurry to | menqorulurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to be guarded | senqorulurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to be guarded | olqorulurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to be guarded | bizqorulurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to be guarded | sizqorulurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to be guarded | alaqorulurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to be guarded |
| hurry to | menqorulurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to be guarded | senqorulurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to be guarded | olqorulurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to be guarded | bizqorulurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to be guarded | sizqorulurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to be guarded | alaqorulurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to be guarded |
| be afraid to | menqorulurğa qorqamaI am afraid to be guarded | senqorulurğa qorqasayou are afraid to be guarded | olqorulurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to be guarded | bizqorulurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to be guarded | sizqorulurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to be guarded | alaqorulurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to be guarded |
| be afraid to | menqorulurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to be guarded | senqorulurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to be guarded | olqorulurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to be guarded | bizqorulurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to be guarded | sizqorulurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to be guarded | alaqorulurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to be guarded |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqorula bolmazmaI can't be being guarded | senqorula bolmazsayou can't be being guarded | olqorula bolmazhe can't be being guarded | bizqorula bolmazbızwe can't be being guarded | sizqorula bolmazsızyou all can't be being guarded | alaqorula bolmazlathey can't be being guarded |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqorulmay bolmazmaI must be being guarded (emphatic) | senqorulmay bolmazsayou must be being guarded (emphatic) | olqorulmay bolmazhe must be being guarded (emphatic) | bizqorulmay bolmazbızwe must be being guarded (emphatic) | sizqorulmay bolmazsızyou all must be being guarded (emphatic) | alaqorulmay bolmazlathey must be being guarded (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqorula turmasamif I don't keep being guarded | senqorula turmasaŋif you don't keep being guarded | olqorula turmasaif he doesn't keep being guarded | bizqorula turmasaqif we don't keep being guarded | sizqorula turmasağızif you all don't keep being guarded | alaqorula turmasalaif they don't keep being guarded |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqorula tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of being guarded | senqorula tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of being guarded | olqorula tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of being guarded | bizqorula tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of being guarded | sizqorula tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of being guarded | alaqorula tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of being guarded |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqorulmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not being guarded (emphatic) | senqorulmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not being guarded (emphatic) | olqorulmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not being guarded (emphatic) | bizqorulmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not being guarded (emphatic) | sizqorulmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not being guarded (emphatic) | alaqorulmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not being guarded (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqorulmay turamaI keep on not being guarded | senqorulmay turasayou keep on not being guarded | olqorulmay turadıhe keeps on not being guarded | bizqorulmay turabızwe keep on not being guarded | sizqorulmay turasızyou all keep on not being guarded | alaqorulmay turadılathey keep on not being guarded |
| Progressive — double negation | menqorulmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not being guarded | senqorulmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not being guarded | olqorulmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not being guarded | bizqorulmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not being guarded | sizqorulmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not being guarded | alaqorulmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not being guarded |
| Progressive — double negation | menqorulmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not being guarded? | senqorulmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not being guarded? | olqorulmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not being guarded? | bizqorulmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not being guarded? | sizqorulmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not being guarded? | alaqorulmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not being guarded? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqorulğan bolmazmaI can't have been guarded | senqorulğan bolmazsayou can't have been guarded | olqorulğan bolmazhe can't have been guarded | bizqorulğan bolmazbızwe can't have been guarded | sizqorulğan bolmazsızyou all can't have been guarded | alaqorulğan bolmazlathey can't have been guarded |
| Inference — double negation | menqorulmağan bolmazmaI must have been guarded (emphatic) | senqorulmağan bolmazsayou must have been guarded (emphatic) | olqorulmağan bolmazhe must have been guarded (emphatic) | bizqorulmağan bolmazbızwe must have been guarded (emphatic) | sizqorulmağan bolmazsızyou all must have been guarded (emphatic) | alaqorulmağan bolmazlathey must have been guarded (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqorulğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had been guarded | senqorulğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had been guarded | olqorulğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had been guarded | bizqorulğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had been guarded | sizqorulğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had been guarded | alaqorulğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had been guarded |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqorulmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't been guarded | senqorulmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't been guarded | olqorulmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't been guarded | bizqorulmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't been guarded | sizqorulmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't been guarded | alaqorulmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't been guarded |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqorulluq bolmazmaI can't be going to be guarded | senqorulluq bolmazsayou can't be going to be guarded | olqorulluq bolmazhe can't be going to be guarded | bizqorulluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to be guarded | sizqorulluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to be guarded | alaqorulluq bolmazlathey can't be going to be guarded |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqorulmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to be guarded (emphatic) | senqorulmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to be guarded (emphatic) | olqorulmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to be guarded (emphatic) | bizqorulmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to be guarded (emphatic) | sizqorulmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to be guarded (emphatic) | alaqorulmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to be guarded (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqorulluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to be guarded | senqorulluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to be guarded | olqorulluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to be guarded | bizqorulluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to be guarded | sizqorulluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to be guarded | alaqorulluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to be guarded |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqorulmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to be guarded | senqorulmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to be guarded | olqorulmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to be guarded | bizqorulmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to be guarded | sizqorulmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to be guarded | alaqorulmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to be guarded |