qayarğa
/qajarʁa/
1. sew, stitch, topstitch — Often of stitching on a sewing machine.
- etegin qayarğa — to stitch its hem
- çepkenni jağasın qay — stitch the collar of the chepken
- anam kölekni qayadı — my mother is stitching the shirt
- qız jawluqnu qayadı — the girl is stitching the kerchief
2. border, fringe, encircle
- suw şaharnı ariw qayadı — the river beautifully borders the town
- aqğan suw elni qayıb sarqadı — the flowing water runs bordering the village
- terekle arbaznı qayadıla — trees fringe the yard
- jol elni qayadı — the road runs round the village
3. pull off, do with a flourish — Often of dancing: çıq da toyda bir qay means come out at the wedding and show how it is danced.
- çıq da toyda bir qay — come out and show them how it's done at the wedding
- ol toyda ariw qaydı — he pulled it off beautifully at the wedding
- bir qayıb körgüz — pull it off and show us
Expressions
- qay arı — get lost!
Conjugation
Common forms
- qayadıhe is sewing
- qaydıhe sewed
- qayğandıhe has sewn
- qayarhe will sew
- qayarıqdıhe is going to sew
- qaya edihe was sewing
- qaysaif he sews
- qay!sew!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqayamaI am sewing | senqayasayou are sewing | olqayadıhe is sewing | bizqayabızwe are sewing | sizqayasızyou all are sewing | alaqayadılathey are sewing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqaymaymaI am not sewing | senqaymaysayou are not sewing | olqaymaydıhe is not sewing | bizqaymaybızwe are not sewing | sizqaymaysızyou all are not sewing | alaqaymaydılathey are not sewing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqayamamı? qayamıma?am I sewing? | senqayamısa?are you sewing? | olqayamıdı?is he sewing? | bizqayabızmı? qayamıbız?are we sewing? | sizqayamısız?are you all sewing? | alaqayamıdıla?are they sewing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqaymaymamı? qaymaymıma?aren't I sewing? | senqaymaymısa?aren't you sewing? | olqaymaymıdı?isn't he sewing? | bizqaymaybızmı? qaymaymıbız?aren't we sewing? | sizqaymaymısız?aren't you all sewing? | alaqaymaymıdıla?aren't they sewing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqayıwçanmaI usually sew | senqayıwçansayou usually sew | olqayıwçandıhe usually sews | bizqayıwçanbızwe usually sew | sizqayıwçansızyou all usually sew | alaqayıwçandılathey usually sew |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqaymawçanmaI usually don't sew | senqaymawçansayou usually don't sew | olqaymawçandıhe usually doesn't sew | bizqaymawçanbızwe usually don't sew | sizqaymawçansızyou all usually don't sew | alaqaymawçandılathey usually don't sew |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqayıwçanmamı? qayıwçanmıma?do I usually sew? | senqayıwçanmısa?do you usually sew? | olqayıwçanmıdı?does he usually sew? | bizqayıwçanbızmı? qayıwçanmıbız?do we usually sew? | sizqayıwçanmısız?do you all usually sew? | alaqayıwçanmıdıla?do they usually sew? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqaymawçanmamı? qaymawçanmıma?do I usually not sew? | senqaymawçanmısa?do you usually not sew? | olqaymawçanmıdı?does he usually not sew? | bizqaymawçanbızmı? qaymawçanmıbız?do we usually not sew? | sizqaymawçanmısız?do you all usually not sew? | alaqaymawçanmıdıla?do they usually not sew? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqayıbdıhe has sewn and remains so | alaqayıbdılathey have sewn and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqayıbmıdı?has he sewn? | alaqayıbmıdıla?have they sewn? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayıb turamaI keep sewing | senqayıb turasayou keep sewing | olqayıb turadıhe keeps sewing | bizqayıb turabızwe keep sewing | sizqayıb turasızyou all keep sewing | alaqayıb turadılathey keep sewing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayıb turmaymaI don't keep sewing | senqayıb turmaysayou don't keep sewing | olqayıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep sewing | bizqayıb turmaybızwe don't keep sewing | sizqayıb turmaysızyou all don't keep sewing | alaqayıb turmaydılathey don't keep sewing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayıb turamamı? qayıb turamıma?do I keep sewing? | senqayıb turamısa?do you keep sewing? | olqayıb turamıdı?does he keep sewing? | bizqayıb turabızmı? qayıb turamıbız?do we keep sewing? | sizqayıb turamısız?do you all keep sewing? | alaqayıb turamıdıla?do they keep sewing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayıb turmaymamı? qayıb turmaymıma?don't I keep sewing? | senqayıb turmaymısa?don't you keep sewing? | olqayıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sewing? | bizqayıb turmaybızmı? qayıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep sewing? | sizqayıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep sewing? | alaqayıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sewing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaya turamaI am in the middle of sewing | senqaya turasayou are in the middle of sewing | olqaya turadıhe is in the middle of sewing | bizqaya turabızwe are in the middle of sewing | sizqaya turasızyou all are in the middle of sewing | alaqaya turadılathey are in the middle of sewing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaya turmaymaI am not in the middle of sewing | senqaya turmaysayou are not in the middle of sewing | olqaya turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sewing | bizqaya turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sewing | sizqaya turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sewing | alaqaya turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sewing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaya turamamı? qaya turamıma?am I in the middle of sewing? | senqaya turamısa?are you in the middle of sewing? | olqaya turamıdı?is he in the middle of sewing? | bizqaya turabızmı? qaya turamıbız?are we in the middle of sewing? | sizqaya turamısız?are you all in the middle of sewing? | alaqaya turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sewing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaya turmaymamı? qaya turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sewing? | senqaya turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sewing? | olqaya turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sewing? | bizqaya turmaybızmı? qaya turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sewing? | sizqaya turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sewing? | alaqaya turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sewing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaydımI sewed | senqaydıŋyou sewed | olqaydıhe sewed | bizqaydıqwe sewed | sizqaydığızyou all sewed | alaqaydılathey sewed |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaymadımI didn't sew | senqaymadıŋyou didn't sew | olqaymadıhe didn't sew | bizqaymadıqwe didn't sew | sizqaymadığızyou all didn't sew | alaqaymadılathey didn't sew |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaydımmı?did I sew? | senqaydıŋmı?did you sew? | olqaydımı?did he sew? | bizqaydıqmı?did we sew? | sizqaydığızmı?did you all sew? | alaqaydılamı?did they sew? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaymadımmı?didn't I sew? | senqaymadıŋmı?didn't you sew? | olqaymadımı?didn't he sew? | bizqaymadıqmı?didn't we sew? | sizqaymadığızmı?didn't you all sew? | alaqaymadılamı?didn't they sew? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqayğanmaI have sewn | senqayğansayou have sewn | olqayğandıhe has sewn | bizqayğanbızwe have sewn | sizqayğansızyou all have sewn | alaqayğandılathey have sewn |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqaymağanmaI haven't sewn | senqaymağansayou haven't sewn | olqaymağandıhe hasn't sewn | bizqaymağanbızwe haven't sewn | sizqaymağansızyou all haven't sewn | alaqaymağandılathey haven't sewn |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqayğanmamı? qayğanmıma?have I sewn? | senqayğanmısa?have you sewn? | olqayğanmıdı?has he sewn? | bizqayğanbızmı? qayğanmıbız?have we sewn? | sizqayğanmısız?have you all sewn? | alaqayğanmıdıla?have they sewn? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqaymağanmamı? qaymağanmıma?haven't I sewn? | senqaymağanmısa?haven't you sewn? | olqaymağanmıdı?hasn't he sewn? | bizqaymağanbızmı? qaymağanmıbız?haven't we sewn? | sizqaymağanmısız?haven't you all sewn? | alaqaymağanmıdıla?haven't they sewn? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqayıb turdumI kept sewing | senqayıb turduŋyou kept sewing | olqayıb turduhe kept sewing | bizqayıb turduqwe kept sewing | sizqayıb turduğuzyou all kept sewing | alaqayıb turdulathey kept sewing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqayıb turmadımI didn't keep sewing | senqayıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep sewing | olqayıb turmadıhe didn't keep sewing | bizqayıb turmadıqwe didn't keep sewing | sizqayıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep sewing | alaqayıb turmadılathey didn't keep sewing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqayarmaI will sew | senqayarsayou will sew | olqayarhe will sew | bizqayarbızwe will sew | sizqayarsızyou all will sew | alaqayarlathey will sew |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqaymazmaI won't sew | senqaymazsayou won't sew | olqaymazhe won't sew | bizqaymazbızwe won't sew | sizqaymazsızyou all won't sew | alaqaymazlathey won't sew |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqayarmamı? qayarmıma?will I sew? | senqayarmısa?will you sew? | olqayarmı?will he sew? | bizqayarbızmı? qayarmıbız?will we sew? | sizqayarmısız?will you all sew? | alaqayarlamı? qayarmıla?will they sew? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqaymazmamı? qaymazmıma?won't I sew? | senqaymazmısa?won't you sew? | olqaymazmı?won't he sew? | bizqaymazbızmı? qaymazmıbız?won't we sew? | sizqaymazmısız?won't you all sew? | alaqaymazlamı? qaymazmıla?won't they sew? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayarıqmaI am going to sew | senqayarıqsayou are going to sew | olqayarıqdıhe is going to sew | bizqayarıqbızwe are going to sew | sizqayarıqsızyou all are going to sew | alaqayarıqdılathey are going to sew |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayarıq tülmeI am not going to sew | senqayarıq tülseyou are not going to sew | olqayarıq tüldühe is not going to sew | bizqayarıq tülbüzwe are not going to sew | sizqayarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to sew | alaqayarıq tüldülethey are not going to sew |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayarıqmamı? qayarıqmıma?am I going to sew? | senqayarıqmısa?are you going to sew? | olqayarıqmıdı?is he going to sew? | bizqayarıqbızmı? qayarıqmıbız?are we going to sew? | sizqayarıqmısız?are you all going to sew? | alaqayarıqmıdıla?are they going to sew? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to sew? | senqayarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to sew? | olqayarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to sew? | bizqayarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to sew? | sizqayarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to sew? | alaqayarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to sew? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqayğan edimqayğanemI had sewn | senqayğan ediŋqayğaneŋyou had sewn | olqayğan ediqayğanedhe had sewn | bizqayğan edikqayğanekwe had sewn | sizqayğan edigizqayğanegizyou all had sewn | alaqayğan edileqayğanellethey had sewn |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqaymağan edimqaymağanemI hadn't sewn | senqaymağan ediŋqaymağaneŋyou hadn't sewn | olqaymağan ediqaymağanedhe hadn't sewn | bizqaymağan edikqaymağanekwe hadn't sewn | sizqaymağan edigizqaymağanegizyou all hadn't sewn | alaqaymağan edileqaymağanellethey hadn't sewn |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqaya edimqayaemI was sewing | senqaya ediŋqayaeŋyou were sewing | olqaya ediqayaedhe was sewing | bizqaya edikqayaekwe were sewing | sizqaya edigizqayaegizyou all were sewing | alaqaya edileqayaellethey were sewing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqaymay edimqaymayemI wasn't sewing | senqaymay ediŋqaymayeŋyou weren't sewing | olqaymay ediqaymayedhe wasn't sewing | bizqaymay edikqaymayekwe weren't sewing | sizqaymay edigizqaymayegizyou all weren't sewing | alaqaymay edileqaymayellethey weren't sewing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqayıwçan edimqayıwçanemI used to sew | senqayıwçan ediŋqayıwçaneŋyou used to sew | olqayıwçan ediqayıwçanedhe used to sew | bizqayıwçan edikqayıwçanekwe used to sew | sizqayıwçan edigizqayıwçanegizyou all used to sew | alaqayıwçan edileqayıwçanellethey used to sew |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqaymawçan edimqaymawçanemI didn't use to sew | senqaymawçan ediŋqaymawçaneŋyou didn't use to sew | olqaymawçan ediqaymawçanedhe didn't use to sew | bizqaymawçan edikqaymawçanekwe didn't use to sew | sizqaymawçan edigizqaymawçanegizyou all didn't use to sew | alaqaymawçan edileqaymawçanellethey didn't use to sew |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqayıb edihe had sewn and remained so | alaqayıb edilethey had sewn and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqayıb tül edihe hadn't sewn | alaqayıb tül edilethey hadn't sewn | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqayıb tura edimqayıb turaemI had kept sewing | senqayıb tura ediŋqayıb turaeŋyou had kept sewing | olqayıb tura ediqayıb turaedhe had kept sewing | bizqayıb tura edikqayıb turaekwe had kept sewing | sizqayıb tura edigizqayıb turaegizyou all had kept sewing | alaqayıb tura edileqayıb turaellethey had kept sewing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqayıb turmay edimqayıb turmayemI hadn't kept sewing | senqayıb turmay ediŋqayıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sewing | olqayıb turmay ediqayıb turmayedhe hadn't kept sewing | bizqayıb turmay edikqayıb turmayekwe hadn't kept sewing | sizqayıb turmay edigizqayıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sewing | alaqayıb turmay edileqayıb turmayellethey hadn't kept sewing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqaya tura edimqaya turaemI was in the middle of sewing | senqaya tura ediŋqaya turaeŋyou were in the middle of sewing | olqaya tura ediqaya turaedhe was in the middle of sewing | bizqaya tura edikqaya turaekwe were in the middle of sewing | sizqaya tura edigizqaya turaegizyou all were in the middle of sewing | alaqaya tura edileqaya turaellethey were in the middle of sewing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqaya turmay edimqaya turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sewing | senqaya turmay ediŋqaya turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sewing | olqaya turmay ediqaya turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sewing | bizqaya turmay edikqaya turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sewing | sizqaya turmay edigizqaya turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sewing | alaqaya turmay edileqaya turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sewing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqayar edimqayar emI would sew | senqayar ediŋqayar eŋyou would sew | olqayar ediqayar edhe would sew | bizqayar edikqayar ekwe would sew | sizqayar edigizqayar egizyou all would sew | alaqayar edileqayar ellethey would sew |
| Conditional result (would) | menqaymaz edimqaymaz emI wouldn't sew | senqaymaz ediŋqaymaz eŋyou wouldn't sew | olqaymaz ediqaymaz edhe wouldn't sew | bizqaymaz edikqaymaz ekwe wouldn't sew | sizqaymaz edigizqaymaz egizyou all wouldn't sew | alaqaymaz edileqaymaz ellethey wouldn't sew |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqayarıq edimqayarıq emI would have sewn | senqayarıq ediŋqayarıq eŋyou would have sewn | olqayarıq ediqayarıq edhe would have sewn | bizqayarıq edikqayarıq ekwe would have sewn | sizqayarıq edigizqayarıq egizyou all would have sewn | alaqayarıq edileqayarıq ellethey would have sewn |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqayarıq tül edimqayarıq tül emI wouldn't have sewn | senqayarıq tül ediŋqayarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have sewn | olqayarıq tül ediqayarıq tül edhe wouldn't have sewn | bizqayarıq tül edikqayarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have sewn | sizqayarıq tül edigizqayarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have sewn | alaqayarıq tül edileqayarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have sewn |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqaysamif I sew | senqaysaŋif you sew | olqaysaif he sews | bizqaysaqif we sew | sizqaysağızif you all sew | alaqaysalaif they sew |
| Conditional | menqaymasamif I don't sew | senqaymasaŋif you don't sew | olqaymasaif he doesn't sew | bizqaymasaqif we don't sew | sizqaymasağızif you all don't sew | alaqaymasalaif they don't sew |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqaya esemif I am sewing | senqaya eseŋif you are sewing | olqaya eseif he is sewing | bizqaya esekif we are sewing | sizqaya esegizif you all are sewing | alaqaya eseleif they are sewing |
| Conditional, present real | menqaymay esemif I am not sewing | senqaymay eseŋif you are not sewing | olqaymay eseif he is not sewing | bizqaymay esekif we are not sewing | sizqaymay esegizif you all are not sewing | alaqaymay eseleif they are not sewing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqaysam ediqaysam edif only I sewed | senqaysaŋ ediqaysaŋ edif only you sewed | olqaysa ediqaysaedif only he sewed | bizqaysaq ediqaysaq edif only we sewed | sizqaysağız ediqaysağız edif only you all sewed | alaqaysala ediqaysalaedif only they sewed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqaymasam ediqaymasam edif only I didn't sew | senqaymasaŋ ediqaymasaŋ edif only you didn't sew | olqaymasa ediqaymasaedif only he didn't sew | bizqaymasaq ediqaymasaq edif only we didn't sew | sizqaymasağız ediqaymasağız edif only you all didn't sew | alaqaymasala ediqaymasalaedif only they didn't sew |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqayıb tursamif I carry on sewing | senqayıb tursaŋif you carry on sewing | olqayıb tursaif he carries on sewing | bizqayıb tursaqif we carry on sewing | sizqayıb tursağızif you all carry on sewing | alaqayıb tursalaif they carry on sewing |
| Durative conditional | menqayıb turmasamif I don't carry on sewing | senqayıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on sewing | olqayıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on sewing | bizqayıb turmasaqif we don't carry on sewing | sizqayıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on sewing | alaqayıb turmasalaif they don't carry on sewing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqayıb tura esemif I have kept sewing | senqayıb tura eseŋif you have kept sewing | olqayıb tura eseif he has kept sewing | bizqayıb tura esekif we have kept sewing | sizqayıb tura esegizif you all have kept sewing | alaqayıb tura eseleif they have kept sewing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqayıb turmay esemif I haven't kept sewing | senqayıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sewing | olqayıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept sewing | bizqayıb turmay esekif we haven't kept sewing | sizqayıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sewing | alaqayıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept sewing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqaya tursamif I keep sewing | senqaya tursaŋif you keep sewing | olqaya tursaif he keeps sewing | bizqaya tursaqif we keep sewing | sizqaya tursağızif you all keep sewing | alaqaya tursalaif they keep sewing |
| Progressive conditional | menqaymay tursamif I keep on not sewing | senqaymay tursaŋif you keep on not sewing | olqaymay tursaif he keeps on not sewing | bizqaymay tursaqif we keep on not sewing | sizqaymay tursağızif you all keep on not sewing | alaqaymay tursalaif they keep on not sewing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqaya tura esemif I am in the middle of sewing | senqaya tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sewing | olqaya tura eseif he is in the middle of sewing | bizqaya tura esekif we are in the middle of sewing | sizqaya tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sewing | alaqaya tura eseleif they are in the middle of sewing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqaymay tura esemif I keep on not sewing | senqaymay tura eseŋif you keep on not sewing | olqaymay tura eseif he keeps on not sewing | bizqaymay tura esekif we keep on not sewing | sizqaymay tura esegizif you all keep on not sewing | alaqaymay tura eseleif they keep on not sewing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqaydım esemif I sewed | senqaydıŋ eseŋif you sewed | olqaydı eseif he sewed | bizqaydıq esekif we sewed | sizqaydığız esegizif you all sewed | alaqaydıla eseleif they sewed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqaymadım esemif I didn't sew | senqaymadıŋ eseŋif you didn't sew | olqaymadı eseif he didn't sew | bizqaymadıq esekif we didn't sew | sizqaymadığız esegizif you all didn't sew | alaqaymadıla eseleif they didn't sew |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqayğan esemif I did sew (indeed) | senqayğan eseŋif you did sew (indeed) | olqayğan eseif he did sew (indeed) | bizqayğan esekif we did sew (indeed) | sizqayğan esegizif you all did sew (indeed) | alaqayğan eseleif they did sew (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqaymağan esemif I didn't sew (indeed) | senqaymağan eseŋif you didn't sew (indeed) | olqaymağan eseif he didn't sew (indeed) | bizqaymağan esekif we didn't sew (indeed) | sizqaymağan esegizif you all didn't sew (indeed) | alaqaymağan eseleif they didn't sew (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqayğan bolsamif I had sewn | senqayğan bolsaŋif you had sewn | olqayğan bolsaif he had sewn | bizqayğan bolsaqif we had sewn | sizqayğan bolsağızif you all had sewn | alaqayğan bolsalaif they had sewn |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqaymağan bolsamif I hadn't sewn | senqaymağan bolsaŋif you hadn't sewn | olqaymağan bolsaif he hadn't sewn | bizqaymağan bolsaqif we hadn't sewn | sizqaymağan bolsağızif you all hadn't sewn | alaqaymağan bolsalaif they hadn't sewn |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqayğan bolsam ediqayğan bolsam edif only I had sewn | senqayğan bolsaŋ ediqayğan bolsaŋ edif only you had sewn | olqayğan bolsa ediqayğan bolsaedif only he had sewn | bizqayğan bolsaq ediqayğan bolsaq edif only we had sewn | sizqayğan bolsağız ediqayğan bolsağız edif only you all had sewn | alaqayğan bolsala ediqayğan bolsalaedif only they had sewn |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqaymağan bolsam ediqaymağan bolsam edif only I hadn't sewn | senqaymağan bolsaŋ ediqaymağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sewn | olqaymağan bolsa ediqaymağan bolsaedif only he hadn't sewn | bizqaymağan bolsaq ediqaymağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't sewn | sizqaymağan bolsağız ediqaymağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sewn | alaqaymağan bolsala ediqaymağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't sewn |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqayar esemif I will sew | senqayar eseŋif you will sew | olqayar eseif he will sew | bizqayar esekif we will sew | sizqayar esegizif you all will sew | alaqayar eseleif they will sew |
| Conditional, aorist | menqaymaz esemif I won't sew | senqaymaz eseŋif you won't sew | olqaymaz eseif he won't sew | bizqaymaz esekif we won't sew | sizqaymaz esegizif you all won't sew | alaqaymaz eseleif they won't sew |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqayarıq esemif I am going to sew | senqayarıq eseŋif you are going to sew | olqayarıq eseif he is going to sew | bizqayarıq esekif we are going to sew | sizqayarıq esegizif you all are going to sew | alaqayarıq eseleif they are going to sew |
| Conditional, future | menqayarıq tül esemif I am not going to sew | senqayarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to sew | olqayarıq tül eseif he is not going to sew | bizqayarıq tül esekif we are not going to sew | sizqayarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to sew | alaqayarıq tül eseleif they are not going to sew |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqayarıq bolsamif I were going to sew | senqayarıq bolsaŋif you were going to sew | olqayarıq bolsaif he were going to sew | bizqayarıq bolsaqif we were going to sew | sizqayarıq bolsağızif you all were going to sew | alaqayarıq bolsalaif they were going to sew |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqaymazlıq bolsamif I were not going to sew | senqaymazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to sew | olqaymazlıq bolsaif he were not going to sew | bizqaymazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to sew | sizqaymazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to sew | alaqaymazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to sew |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qaydıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqaya bolurmaI must be sewing | senqaya bolursayou must be sewing | olqaya bolurhe must be sewing | bizqaya bolurbuzwe must be sewing | sizqaya bolursuzyou all must be sewing | alaqaya bolurlathey must be sewing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqaymay bolurmaI must not be sewing | senqaymay bolursayou must not be sewing | olqaymay bolurhe must not be sewing | bizqaymay bolurbuzwe must not be sewing | sizqaymay bolursuzyou all must not be sewing | alaqaymay bolurlathey must not be sewing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqaya tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sewing | senqaya tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sewing | olqaya tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sewing | bizqaya tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sewing | sizqaya tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sewing | alaqaya tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sewing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqaymay tura bolurmaI must keep on not sewing | senqaymay tura bolursayou must keep on not sewing | olqaymay tura bolurhe must keep on not sewing | bizqaymay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sewing | sizqaymay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sewing | alaqaymay tura bolurlathey must keep on not sewing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqayğan bolurmaI must have sewn | senqayğan bolursayou must have sewn | olqayğan bolurhe must have sewn | bizqayğan bolurbuzwe must have sewn | sizqayğan bolursuzyou all must have sewn | alaqayğan bolurlathey must have sewn |
| Inference (must have) | menqaymağan bolurmaI must not have sewn | senqaymağan bolursayou must not have sewn | olqaymağan bolurhe must not have sewn | bizqaymağan bolurbuzwe must not have sewn | sizqaymağan bolursuzyou all must not have sewn | alaqaymağan bolurlathey must not have sewn |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqayarıq bolurmaI must be going to sew | senqayarıq bolursayou must be going to sew | olqayarıq bolurhe must be going to sew | bizqayarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to sew | sizqayarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to sew | alaqayarıq bolurlathey must be going to sew |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqaymazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to sew | senqaymazlıq bolursayou must not be going to sew | olqaymazlıq bolurhe must not be going to sew | bizqaymazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to sew | sizqaymazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to sew | alaqaymazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to sew |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqayayımlet me sew | senqay!sew! | olqaysınlet him sew | bizqayayıqlet's sew | sizqayığız!sew, you all! | alaqaysınlalet them sew |
| Commands & suggestions | menqaymayımlet me not sew | senqayma!don't sew! | olqaymasınlet him not sew | bizqaymayıqlet's not sew | sizqaymağız!don't sew, you all! | alaqaymasınlalet them not sew |
| Commands & suggestions | menqayayımmı?shall I sew? | olqaysınmı?should he sew? | bizqayayıqmı?shall we sew? | alaqaysınlamı?should they sew? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqaymayımmı?shall I not sew? | olqaymasınmı?should he not sew? | bizqaymayıqmı?shall we not sew? | alaqaymasınlamı?should they not sew? | ||
| Requests | senqayçı2qayçınplease sew | olqaysınçıdo let him sew | sizqayçığızplease sew (plural/polite) | alaqaysınlaçıdo let them sew | ||
| Requests | senqaymaçı2qaymaçınplease don't sew | olqaymasınçıdo let him not sew | sizqaymaçığızplease don't sew (plural/polite) | alaqaymasınlaçıdo let them not sew | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqayğınqayğımay you sew | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqaymağınqaymağımay you not sew | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqayğay edim qayğa edimwould that I sewed | senqayğay ediŋ qayğa ediŋwould that you sewed | olqayğay edi qayğa ediwould that he sewed | bizqayğay edik qayğa edikwould that we sewed | sizqayğay edigiz qayğa edigizwould that you all sewed | alaqayğay edile qayğa edilewould that they sewed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqaymağay edim qaymağa edimwould that I did not sew | senqaymağay ediŋ qaymağa ediŋwould that you did not sew | olqaymağay edi qaymağa ediwould that he did not sew | bizqaymağay edik qaymağa edikwould that we did not sew | sizqaymağay edigiz qaymağa edigizwould that you all did not sew | alaqaymağay edile qaymağa edilewould that they did not sew |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaymağa qoyayımqayma qoyayımlet me allow someone to sew | senqaymağa qoy!qayma qoy!let someone sew! | olqaymağa qoysunqayma qoysunlet him allow someone to sew | bizqaymağa qoyayıqqayma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to sew | sizqaymağa qoyuğuz!qayma qoyuğuz!let someone sew, you all! | alaqaymağa qoysunlaqayma qoysunlalet them allow someone to sew |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaymağa qoymayımqayma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to sew | senqaymağa qoyma!qayma qoyma!don't let someone sew! | olqaymağa qoymasınqayma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to sew | bizqaymağa qoymayıqqayma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to sew | sizqaymağa qoymağız!qayma qoymağız!don't let someone sew, you all! | alaqaymağa qoymasınlaqayma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to sew |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaymağa qoyayımmı?qayma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to sew? | olqaymağa qoysunmu?qayma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to sew? | bizqaymağa qoyayıqmı?qayma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to sew? | alaqaymağa qoysunlamı?qayma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to sew? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaymağa qoymayımmı?qayma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to sew? | olqaymağa qoymasınmı?qayma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to sew? | bizqaymağa qoymayıqmı?qayma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to sew? | alaqaymağa qoymasınlamı?qayma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to sew? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqaymağa qoyamaqayma qoyamaI allow someone to sew | senqaymağa qoyasaqayma qoyasayou allow someone to sew | olqaymağa qoyadıqayma qoyadıhe allows someone to sew | bizqaymağa qoyabızqayma qoyabızwe allow someone to sew | sizqaymağa qoyasızqayma qoyasızyou all allow someone to sew | alaqaymağa qoyadılaqayma qoyadılathey allow someone to sew |
| Let someone… (present) | menqaymağa qoymaymaqayma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to sew | senqaymağa qoymaysaqayma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to sew | olqaymağa qoymaydıqayma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to sew | bizqaymağa qoymaybızqayma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to sew | sizqaymağa qoymaysızqayma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to sew | alaqaymağa qoymaydılaqayma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to sew |
| Let someone… (present) | menqaymağa qoyamamı?qayma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to sew? | senqaymağa qoyamısa?qayma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to sew? | olqaymağa qoyamıdı?qayma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to sew? | bizqaymağa qoyabızmı?qayma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to sew? | sizqaymağa qoyamısız?qayma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to sew? | alaqaymağa qoyamıdıla?qayma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to sew? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqaymağa qoymaymamı?qayma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to sew? | senqaymağa qoymaymısa?qayma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to sew? | olqaymağa qoymaymıdı?qayma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to sew? | bizqaymağa qoymaybızmı?qayma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to sew? | sizqaymağa qoymaymısız?qayma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to sew? | alaqaymağa qoymaymıdıla?qayma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to sew? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaymağa qoydumqayma qoydumI allowed someone to sew | senqaymağa qoyduŋqayma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to sew | olqaymağa qoyduqayma qoyduhe allowed someone to sew | bizqaymağa qoyduqqayma qoyduqwe allowed someone to sew | sizqaymağa qoyduğuzqayma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to sew | alaqaymağa qoydulaqayma qoydulathey allowed someone to sew |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaymağa qoymadımqayma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to sew | senqaymağa qoymadıŋqayma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to sew | olqaymağa qoymadıqayma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to sew | bizqaymağa qoymadıqqayma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to sew | sizqaymağa qoymadığızqayma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to sew | alaqaymağa qoymadılaqayma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to sew |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaymağa qoydummu?qayma qoydummu?did I allow someone to sew? | senqaymağa qoyduŋmu?qayma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to sew? | olqaymağa qoydumu?qayma qoydumu?did he allow someone to sew? | bizqaymağa qoyduqmu?qayma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to sew? | sizqaymağa qoyduğuzmu?qayma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to sew? | alaqaymağa qoydulamı?qayma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to sew? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaymağa qoymadımmı?qayma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to sew? | senqaymağa qoymadıŋmı?qayma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to sew? | olqaymağa qoymadımı?qayma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to sew? | bizqaymağa qoymadıqmı?qayma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to sew? | sizqaymağa qoymadığızmı?qayma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to sew? | alaqaymağa qoymadılamı?qayma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to sew? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qayalırğa be able to sew · qayalmazğa be unable to sew
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqayalamaI can sew | senqayalasayou can sew | olqayaladıhe can sew | bizqayalabızwe can sew | sizqayalasızyou all can sew | alaqayaladılathey can sew |
| Ability — present | menqayalmaymaI can't sew | senqayalmaysayou can't sew | olqayalmaydıhe can't sew | bizqayalmaybızwe can't sew | sizqayalmaysızyou all can't sew | alaqayalmaydılathey can't sew |
| Ability — present | menqayalamamı? qayalamıma?can I sew? | senqayalamısa?can you sew? | olqayalamıdı?can he sew? | bizqayalabızmı? qayalamıbız?can we sew? | sizqayalamısız?can you all sew? | alaqayalamıdıla?can they sew? |
| Ability — present | menqayalmaymamı? qayalmaymıma?can't I sew? | senqayalmaymısa?can't you sew? | olqayalmaymıdı?can't he sew? | bizqayalmaybızmı? qayalmaymıbız?can't we sew? | sizqayalmaymısız?can't you all sew? | alaqayalmaymıdıla?can't they sew? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqayalsamif I can sew | senqayalsaŋif you can sew | olqayalsaif he can sew | bizqayalsaqif we can sew | sizqayalsağızif you all can sew | alaqayalsalaif they can sew |
| Ability — if I can… | menqayalmasamif I can't sew | senqayalmasaŋif you can't sew | olqayalmasaif he can't sew | bizqayalmasaqif we can't sew | sizqayalmasağızif you all can't sew | alaqayalmasalaif they can't sew |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqayaldımI was able to sew | senqayaldıŋyou were able to sew | olqayaldıhe was able to sew | bizqayaldıqwe were able to sew | sizqayaldığızyou all were able to sew | alaqayaldılathey were able to sew |
| Ability — simple past | menqayalmadımI could not sew | senqayalmadıŋyou could not sew | olqayalmadıhe could not sew | bizqayalmadıqwe could not sew | sizqayalmadığızyou all could not sew | alaqayalmadılathey could not sew |
| Ability — simple past | menqayaldımmı?was I able to sew? | senqayaldıŋmı?were you able to sew? | olqayaldımı?was he able to sew? | bizqayaldıqmı?were we able to sew? | sizqayaldığızmı?were you all able to sew? | alaqayaldılamı?were they able to sew? |
| Ability — simple past | menqayalmadımmı?couldn't I sew? | senqayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you sew? | olqayalmadımı?couldn't he sew? | bizqayalmadıqmı?couldn't we sew? | sizqayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all sew? | alaqayalmadılamı?couldn't they sew? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayalğanmaI have been able to sew | senqayalğansayou have been able to sew | olqayalğandıhe has been able to sew | bizqayalğanbızwe have been able to sew | sizqayalğansızyou all have been able to sew | alaqayalğandılathey have been able to sew |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayalmağanmaI haven't been able to sew | senqayalmağansayou haven't been able to sew | olqayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to sew | bizqayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to sew | sizqayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to sew | alaqayalmağandılathey haven't been able to sew |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayalğanmamı? qayalğanmıma?have I been able to sew? | senqayalğanmısa?have you been able to sew? | olqayalğanmıdı?has he been able to sew? | bizqayalğanbızmı? qayalğanmıbız?have we been able to sew? | sizqayalğanmısız?have you all been able to sew? | alaqayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to sew? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayalmağanmamı? qayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to sew? | senqayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to sew? | olqayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to sew? | bizqayalmağanbızmı? qayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to sew? | sizqayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to sew? | alaqayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to sew? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqayalğan edimqayalğanemI had been able to sew | senqayalğan ediŋqayalğaneŋyou had been able to sew | olqayalğan ediqayalğanedhe had been able to sew | bizqayalğan edikqayalğanekwe had been able to sew | sizqayalğan edigizqayalğanegizyou all had been able to sew | alaqayalğan edileqayalğanellethey had been able to sew |
| Ability — past perfect | menqayalmağan edimqayalmağanemI hadn't been able to sew | senqayalmağan ediŋqayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to sew | olqayalmağan ediqayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to sew | bizqayalmağan edikqayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to sew | sizqayalmağan edigizqayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to sew | alaqayalmağan edileqayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to sew |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqayala edimqayalaemI could sew | senqayala ediŋqayalaeŋyou could sew | olqayala ediqayalaedhe could sew | bizqayala edikqayalaekwe could sew | sizqayala edigizqayalaegizyou all could sew | alaqayala edileqayalaellethey could sew |
| Ability — past background | menqayalmay edimqayalmayemI could not sew | senqayalmay ediŋqayalmayeŋyou could not sew | olqayalmay ediqayalmayedhe could not sew | bizqayalmay edikqayalmayekwe could not sew | sizqayalmay edigizqayalmayegizyou all could not sew | alaqayalmay edileqayalmayellethey could not sew |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqayalırmaI will be able to sew | senqayalırsayou will be able to sew | olqayalırhe will be able to sew | bizqayalırbızwe will be able to sew | sizqayalırsızyou all will be able to sew | alaqayalırlathey will be able to sew |
| Ability — future I | menqayalmazmaI won't be able to sew | senqayalmazsayou won't be able to sew | olqayalmazhe won't be able to sew | bizqayalmazbızwe won't be able to sew | sizqayalmazsızyou all won't be able to sew | alaqayalmazlathey won't be able to sew |
| Ability — future I | menqayalırmamı? qayalırmıma?will I be able to sew? | senqayalırmısa?will you be able to sew? | olqayalırmı?will he be able to sew? | bizqayalırbızmı? qayalırmıbız?will we be able to sew? | sizqayalırmısız?will you all be able to sew? | alaqayalırlamı? qayalırmıla?will they be able to sew? |
| Ability — future I | menqayalmazmamı? qayalmazmıma?won't I be able to sew? | senqayalmazmısa?won't you be able to sew? | olqayalmazmı?won't he be able to sew? | bizqayalmazbızmı? qayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to sew? | sizqayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to sew? | alaqayalmazlamı? qayalmazmıla?won't they be able to sew? |
| Ability — future II | menqayallıqmaI am going to be able to sew | senqayallıqsayou are going to be able to sew | olqayallıqdıhe is going to be able to sew | bizqayallıqbızwe are going to be able to sew | sizqayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to sew | alaqayallıqdılathey are going to be able to sew |
| Ability — future II | menqayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to sew | senqayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to sew | olqayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to sew | bizqayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to sew | sizqayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to sew | alaqayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to sew |
| Ability — future II | menqayallıqmamı? qayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to sew? | senqayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to sew? | olqayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to sew? | bizqayallıqbızmı? qayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to sew? | sizqayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to sew? | alaqayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to sew? |
| Ability — future II | menqayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to sew? | senqayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to sew? | olqayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to sew? | bizqayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to sew? | sizqayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to sew? | alaqayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to sew? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqayalır edimqayalır emI would be able to sew | senqayalır ediŋqayalır eŋyou would be able to sew | olqayalır ediqayalır edhe would be able to sew | bizqayalır edikqayalır ekwe would be able to sew | sizqayalır edigizqayalır egizyou all would be able to sew | alaqayalır edileqayalır ellethey would be able to sew |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqayalmaz edimqayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to sew | senqayalmaz ediŋqayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to sew | olqayalmaz ediqayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to sew | bizqayalmaz edikqayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to sew | sizqayalmaz edigizqayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to sew | alaqayalmaz edileqayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to sew |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqayalğınqayalğımay you be able to sew | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqayalmağınqayalmağımay you not be able to sew | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqayarğa izleymeI want to sew | senqayarğa izleyseyou want to sew | olqayarğa izleydihe wants to sew | bizqayarğa izleybizwe want to sew | sizqayarğa izleysizyou all want to sew | alaqayarğa izleydilethey want to sew |
| want to | menqayarğa izlemeymeI do not want to sew | senqayarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to sew | olqayarğa izlemeydihe does not want to sew | bizqayarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to sew | sizqayarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to sew | alaqayarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to sew |
| would like to | menqayarğa süemeI would like to sew | senqayarğa süeseyou would like to sew | olqayarğa süedihe would like to sew | bizqayarğa süebizwe would like to sew | sizqayarğa süesizyou all would like to sew | alaqayarğa süedilethey would like to sew |
| would like to | menqayarğa süymeymeI would not like to sew | senqayarğa süymeyseyou would not like to sew | olqayarğa süymeydihe would not like to sew | bizqayarğa süymeybizwe would not like to sew | sizqayarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to sew | alaqayarğa süymeydilethey would not like to sew |
| hope to | menqayarğa umutlanamaI hope to sew | senqayarğa umutlanasayou hope to sew | olqayarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to sew | bizqayarğa umutlanabızwe hope to sew | sizqayarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to sew | alaqayarğa umutlanadılathey hope to sew |
| hope to | menqayarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to sew | senqayarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to sew | olqayarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to sew | bizqayarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to sew | sizqayarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to sew | alaqayarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to sew |
| be about to | menqayarğa deb turamaI am about to sew | senqayarğa deb turasayou are about to sew | olqayarğa deb turadıhe is about to sew | bizqayarğa deb turabızwe are about to sew | sizqayarğa deb turasızyou all are about to sew | alaqayarğa deb turadılathey are about to sew |
| be about to | menqayarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to sew | senqayarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to sew | olqayarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to sew | bizqayarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to sew | sizqayarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to sew | alaqayarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to sew |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqayarğa kerekmeI need to sew | senqayarğa kerekseyou need to sew | olqayarğa kerekdihe needs to sew | bizqayarğa kerekbizwe need to sew | sizqayarğa kereksizyou all need to sew | alaqayarğa kerekdilethey need to sew |
| need to | menqayarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to sew | senqayarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to sew | olqayarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to sew | bizqayarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to sew | sizqayarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to sew | alaqayarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to sew |
| have to | menmenŋe qayarğa tüşediI have to sew | sensenŋe qayarğa tüşediyou have to sew | olaŋa qayarğa tüşedihe has to sew | bizbizge qayarğa tüşediwe have to sew | sizsizge qayarğa tüşediyou all have to sew | alaalağa qayarğa tüşedithey have to sew |
| have to | menmenŋe qayarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to sew | sensenŋe qayarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to sew | olaŋa qayarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to sew | bizbizge qayarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to sew | sizsizge qayarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to sew | alaalağa qayarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to sew |
| be obliged to | menqayarğa borçlumaI am obliged to sew | senqayarğa borçlusayou are obliged to sew | olqayarğa borçluduhe is obliged to sew | bizqayarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to sew | sizqayarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to sew | alaqayarğa borçludulathey are obliged to sew |
| be obliged to | menqayarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to sew | senqayarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to sew | olqayarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to sew | bizqayarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to sew | sizqayarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to sew | alaqayarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to sew |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqayarğa madarım bardıI have a way to sew | senqayarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to sew | olqayarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to sew | bizqayarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to sew | sizqayarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to sew | alaqayarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to sew |
| have a way to | menqayarğa madarım joqduI have no way to sew | senqayarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to sew | olqayarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to sew | bizqayarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to sew | sizqayarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to sew | alaqayarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to sew |
| be free to | menqayarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to sew | senqayarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to sew | olqayarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to sew | bizqayarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to sew | sizqayarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to sew | alaqayarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to sew |
| be free to | menqayarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to sew | senqayarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to sew | olqayarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to sew | bizqayarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to sew | sizqayarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to sew | alaqayarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to sew |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qayarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to sew | sensenŋe qayarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to sew | olaŋa qayarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to sew | bizbizge qayarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to sew | sizsizge qayarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to sew | alaalağa qayarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to sew |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to sew | sensenŋe qayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to sew | olaŋa qayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to sew | bizbizge qayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to sew | sizsizge qayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to sew | alaalağa qayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to sew |
| be ready to | menqayarğa hazırmaI am ready to sew | senqayarğa hazırsayou are ready to sew | olqayarğa hazırdıhe is ready to sew | bizqayarğa hazırbızwe are ready to sew | sizqayarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to sew | alaqayarğa hazırdılathey are ready to sew |
| be ready to | menqayarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to sew | senqayarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to sew | olqayarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to sew | bizqayarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to sew | sizqayarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to sew | alaqayarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to sew |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqayarğa küreşemeI am trying to sew | senqayarğa küreşeseyou are trying to sew | olqayarğa küreşedihe is trying to sew | bizqayarğa küreşebizwe are trying to sew | sizqayarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to sew | alaqayarğa küreşedilethey are trying to sew |
| try to | menqayarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to sew | senqayarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to sew | olqayarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to sew | bizqayarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to sew | sizqayarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to sew | alaqayarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to sew |
| agree to | menqayarğa unaymaI agree to sew | senqayarğa unaysayou agree to sew | olqayarğa unaydıhe agrees to sew | bizqayarğa unaybızwe agree to sew | sizqayarğa unaysızyou all agree to sew | alaqayarğa unaydılathey agree to sew |
| agree to | menqayarğa unamaymaI refuse to sew | senqayarğa unamaysayou refuse to sew | olqayarğa unamaydıhe refuses to sew | bizqayarğa unamaybızwe refuse to sew | sizqayarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to sew | alaqayarğa unamaydılathey refuse to sew |
| hurry to | menqayarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to sew | senqayarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to sew | olqayarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to sew | bizqayarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to sew | sizqayarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to sew | alaqayarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to sew |
| hurry to | menqayarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to sew | senqayarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to sew | olqayarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to sew | bizqayarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to sew | sizqayarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to sew | alaqayarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to sew |
| be afraid to | menqayarğa qorqamaI am afraid to sew | senqayarğa qorqasayou are afraid to sew | olqayarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to sew | bizqayarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to sew | sizqayarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to sew | alaqayarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to sew |
| be afraid to | menqayarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to sew | senqayarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to sew | olqayarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to sew | bizqayarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to sew | sizqayarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to sew | alaqayarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to sew |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqaya bolmazmaI can't be sewing | senqaya bolmazsayou can't be sewing | olqaya bolmazhe can't be sewing | bizqaya bolmazbızwe can't be sewing | sizqaya bolmazsızyou all can't be sewing | alaqaya bolmazlathey can't be sewing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqaymay bolmazmaI must be sewing (emphatic) | senqaymay bolmazsayou must be sewing (emphatic) | olqaymay bolmazhe must be sewing (emphatic) | bizqaymay bolmazbızwe must be sewing (emphatic) | sizqaymay bolmazsızyou all must be sewing (emphatic) | alaqaymay bolmazlathey must be sewing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqaya turmasamif I don't keep sewing | senqaya turmasaŋif you don't keep sewing | olqaya turmasaif he doesn't keep sewing | bizqaya turmasaqif we don't keep sewing | sizqaya turmasağızif you all don't keep sewing | alaqaya turmasalaif they don't keep sewing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqaya tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sewing | senqaya tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sewing | olqaya tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sewing | bizqaya tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sewing | sizqaya tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sewing | alaqaya tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sewing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqaymay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sewing (emphatic) | senqaymay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sewing (emphatic) | olqaymay tura bolmazhe must keep on not sewing (emphatic) | bizqaymay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sewing (emphatic) | sizqaymay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sewing (emphatic) | alaqaymay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sewing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqaymay turamaI keep on not sewing | senqaymay turasayou keep on not sewing | olqaymay turadıhe keeps on not sewing | bizqaymay turabızwe keep on not sewing | sizqaymay turasızyou all keep on not sewing | alaqaymay turadılathey keep on not sewing |
| Progressive — double negation | menqaymay turmaymaI am not keeping on not sewing | senqaymay turmaysayou are not keeping on not sewing | olqaymay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sewing | bizqaymay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sewing | sizqaymay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sewing | alaqaymay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sewing |
| Progressive — double negation | menqaymay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sewing? | senqaymay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sewing? | olqaymay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sewing? | bizqaymay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sewing? | sizqaymay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sewing? | alaqaymay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sewing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqayğan bolmazmaI can't have sewn | senqayğan bolmazsayou can't have sewn | olqayğan bolmazhe can't have sewn | bizqayğan bolmazbızwe can't have sewn | sizqayğan bolmazsızyou all can't have sewn | alaqayğan bolmazlathey can't have sewn |
| Inference — double negation | menqaymağan bolmazmaI must have sewn (emphatic) | senqaymağan bolmazsayou must have sewn (emphatic) | olqaymağan bolmazhe must have sewn (emphatic) | bizqaymağan bolmazbızwe must have sewn (emphatic) | sizqaymağan bolmazsızyou all must have sewn (emphatic) | alaqaymağan bolmazlathey must have sewn (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqayğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had sewn | senqayğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sewn | olqayğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had sewn | bizqayğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sewn | sizqayğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sewn | alaqayğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sewn |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqaymağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sewn | senqaymağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sewn | olqaymağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sewn | bizqaymağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sewn | sizqaymağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sewn | alaqaymağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sewn |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqayarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to sew | senqayarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to sew | olqayarıq bolmazhe can't be going to sew | bizqayarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to sew | sizqayarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to sew | alaqayarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to sew |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqaymazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to sew (emphatic) | senqaymazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to sew (emphatic) | olqaymazlıq bolmazhe must be going to sew (emphatic) | bizqaymazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to sew (emphatic) | sizqaymazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to sew (emphatic) | alaqaymazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to sew (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqayarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to sew | senqayarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to sew | olqayarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to sew | bizqayarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to sew | sizqayarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to sew | alaqayarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to sew |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqaymazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to sew | senqaymazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to sew | olqaymazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to sew | bizqaymazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to sew | sizqaymazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to sew | alaqaymazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to sew |