qarnaş
/qarnaʃ/ · plural qarnaşla
Balkar spelling: qarındaş
1. brother — Before another noun it means brotherly or fraternal, as in qarnaş halqla “brother peoples” and qarnaş qabır “a common grave”. qarındaş is the Balkar form.
- tuwğan qarnaş — a full brother
- tamada qarnaş — an elder brother
- qarnaşım menŋe boluşadı — my brother helps me
- üç qarnaşı bardı — he has three brothers
- öge qarnaş — a half-brother
- emçek qarnaş — a milk-brother
- ana qarnaş — a maternal uncle, mother's brother
- qarnaşdan tuwğan — a brother's child, nephew or niece
- qarnaş bolurğa — to be someone's brother
- qarnaş halqla — brother peoples
- qarnaş respublikala — fraternal republics
- qarnaş jurt — a brother land
- qarnaş qabır — a common grave
2. like-minded person, comrade, fellow
- Malqarlıla bla Qaraçaylıla qarnaşladıla — Balkars and Karachays are brothers
- Oruslu qarnaşlarıbız — our Russian brothers
- Qabartılı qarnaşıbız — our Kabardian brother
3. a friendly form of address to a man: brother, my friend — Used to address a man in a familiar or friendly way, as in qarnaşım “my brother”, even when he is not a relative. one source
- qarnaşım! — brother!, my brother!
- qarnaşım, kelçi — brother, do come
- qarnaşım, boluş menŋe — brother, help me
4. friend, supporter, defender, champion (of a cause)
- tüzlüknü qarnaşı — a champion of justice
- şohluqnu qarnaşı — a champion of friendship
- tüzlüknü qarnaşısa — you are a champion of justice
Expressions
- tayaq qarnaş — sworn brother
- emçek qarnaşla — milk brothers
- qarnaş qabır — mass grave
- qarnaşnı kirpiginde da bardı egeçni ülüşü — sister's rightful share
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qarnaşthe brother | qarnaşımmy brother | qarnaşıŋyour brother | qarnaşıhis brother | qarnaşıbızour brother | qarnaşığızyou all's brother | qarnaşlarıtheir brothers |
| Genitive | qarnaşnıthe brother's | qarnaşımımy brother's | qarnaşıŋıyour brother's | qarnaşınıhis brother's | qarnaşıbıznıour brother's | qarnaşığıznıyou all's brother's | qarnaşlarınıtheir brothers' |
| Accusative | qarnaşnıthe brother (as the object) | qarnaşımımy brother (as the object) | qarnaşıŋıyour brother (as the object) | qarnaşınhis brother (as the object) | qarnaşıbıznıour brother (as the object) | qarnaşığıznıyou all's brother (as the object) | qarnaşlarıntheir brothers (as the object) |
| Dative | qarnaşhato the brother | qarnaşımato my brother | qarnaşıŋato your brother | qarnaşınato his brother | qarnaşıbızğato our brother | qarnaşığızğato you all's brother | qarnaşlarınato their brothers |
| Locative | qarnaşdain / at the brother | qarnaşımdain / at my brother | qarnaşıŋdain / at your brother | qarnaşındain / at his brother | qarnaşıbızdain / at our brother | qarnaşığızdain / at you all's brother | qarnaşlarındain / at their brothers |
| Ablative | qarnaşdanfrom the brother | qarnaşımdanfrom my brother | qarnaşıŋdanfrom your brother | qarnaşındanfrom his brother | qarnaşıbızdanfrom our brother | qarnaşığızdanfrom you all's brother | qarnaşlarındanfrom their brothers |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qarnaşlathe brothers | qarnaşlarımmy brothers | qarnaşlarıŋyour brothers | qarnaşlarıhis brothers | qarnaşlarıbızour brothers | qarnaşlarığızyou all's brothers | qarnaşlarıtheir brothers |
| Genitive | qarnaşlanıthe brothers' | qarnaşlarımımy brothers' | qarnaşlarıŋıyour brothers' | qarnaşlarınıhis brothers' | qarnaşlarıbıznıour brothers' | qarnaşlarığıznıyou all's brothers' | qarnaşlarınıtheir brothers' |
| Accusative | qarnaşlanıthe brothers (as the object) | qarnaşlarımımy brothers (as the object) | qarnaşlarıŋıyour brothers (as the object) | qarnaşlarınhis brothers (as the object) | qarnaşlarıbıznıour brothers (as the object) | qarnaşlarığıznıyou all's brothers (as the object) | qarnaşlarıntheir brothers (as the object) |
| Dative | qarnaşlağato the brothers | qarnaşlarımato my brothers | qarnaşlarıŋato your brothers | qarnaşlarınato his brothers | qarnaşlarıbızğato our brothers | qarnaşlarığızğato you all's brothers | qarnaşlarınato their brothers |
| Locative | qarnaşladain / at the brothers | qarnaşlarımdain / at my brothers | qarnaşlarıŋdain / at your brothers | qarnaşlarındain / at his brothers | qarnaşlarıbızdain / at our brothers | qarnaşlarığızdain / at you all's brothers | qarnaşlarındain / at their brothers |
| Ablative | qarnaşladanfrom the brothers | qarnaşlarımdanfrom my brothers | qarnaşlarıŋdanfrom your brothers | qarnaşlarındanfrom his brothers | qarnaşlarıbızdanfrom our brothers | qarnaşlarığızdanfrom you all's brothers | qarnaşlarındanfrom their brothers |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qarnaşları can mean "his / her brothers", "their brother", or "their brothers" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qarnaşnıqıthe brother's one | qarnaşnıqılathe brother's ones | qarnaşlanıqıthe brothers' one | qarnaşlanıqılathe brothers' ones |
| Genitive | qarnaşnıqınıof the brother's one | qarnaşnıqılanıof the brother's ones | qarnaşlanıqınıof the brothers' one | qarnaşlanıqılanıof the brothers' ones |
| Accusative | qarnaşnıqınthe brother's one (as the object) | qarnaşnıqılanıthe brother's ones (as the object) | qarnaşlanıqınthe brothers' one (as the object) | qarnaşlanıqılanıthe brothers' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | qarnaşnıqınato the brother's one | qarnaşnıqılağato the brother's ones | qarnaşlanıqınato the brothers' one | qarnaşlanıqılağato the brothers' ones |
| Locative | qarnaşnıqındain / at the brother's one | qarnaşnıqıladain / at the brother's ones | qarnaşlanıqındain / at the brothers' one | qarnaşlanıqıladain / at the brothers' ones |
| Ablative | qarnaşnıqındanfrom the brother's one | qarnaşnıqıladanfrom the brother's ones | qarnaşlanıqındanfrom the brothers' one | qarnaşlanıqıladanfrom the brothers' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.