qarşçı
/qarʃtʃɯ/ · plural qarşçıla
Balkar spelling: qarşı
1. against, in opposition to — With bolurğa it means be opposed: qarşçı bolurğa 'oppose'. With kelirge or tüşerge it means contradict, run counter to something.
- anŋa qarşçı — against him
- men anŋa qarşçıma — I am against him
- jawğa qarşçı turdula — they stood against the enemy
- eski adetlege qarşçı küreşirge — to fight against the old customs
- qarşçı bolurğa — to be against
- qarşçı bolmay — without resisting
- qarşçı kelgen — contradictory
- aŋa qarşçı — against him
2. opposite, facing
- bizni üyge qarşçı — opposite our house
- üyge qarşçı — facing the house
- terekge qarşçı — opposite the tree
3. toward, to meet
- arbala bizge qarşçı keledile — the carts are coming to meet us
- atlıla bizge qarşçı keledile — the horsemen are coming toward us
- bizge qarşçı çıqdıla — they came out to meet us
- menŋe qarşçı keldi — he came toward me
4. opponent, adversary
- demokratiyağa qarşçıla — opponents of democracy
- anı qarşçıları — his adversaries
5. anti-, counter- — Before a noun: qarşçı ataka 'counterattack', qarşçı sözle 'antonyms'.
- qarşçı ataka — counterattack
- qarşçı sözle — antonyms
- dinŋe qarşçı propaganda — anti-religious propaganda
- qarşçı küreş — counter-struggle
Expressions
- bu duniyadan ol duniyağa qarşı bolurğa — near death
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qarşçıthe opponent | qarşçımmy opponent | qarşçıŋyour opponent | qarşçısıhis opponent | qarşçıbızour opponent | qarşçığızyou all's opponent | qarşçılarıtheir opponents |
| Genitive | qarşçınıthe opponent's | qarşçımımy opponent's | qarşçıŋıyour opponent's | qarşçısınıhis opponent's | qarşçıbıznıour opponent's | qarşçığıznıyou all's opponent's | qarşçılarınıtheir opponents' |
| Accusative | qarşçınıthe opponent (as the object) | qarşçımımy opponent (as the object) | qarşçıŋıyour opponent (as the object) | qarşçısınhis opponent (as the object) | qarşçıbıznıour opponent (as the object) | qarşçığıznıyou all's opponent (as the object) | qarşçılarıntheir opponents (as the object) |
| Dative | qarşçığato the opponent | qarşçımato my opponent | qarşçıŋato your opponent | qarşçısınato his opponent | qarşçıbızğato our opponent | qarşçığızğato you all's opponent | qarşçılarınato their opponents |
| Locative | qarşçıdain / at the opponent | qarşçımdain / at my opponent | qarşçıŋdain / at your opponent | qarşçısındain / at his opponent | qarşçıbızdain / at our opponent | qarşçığızdain / at you all's opponent | qarşçılarındain / at their opponents |
| Ablative | qarşçıdanfrom the opponent | qarşçımdanfrom my opponent | qarşçıŋdanfrom your opponent | qarşçısındanfrom his opponent | qarşçıbızdanfrom our opponent | qarşçığızdanfrom you all's opponent | qarşçılarındanfrom their opponents |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qarşçılathe opponents | qarşçılarımmy opponents | qarşçılarıŋyour opponents | qarşçılarıhis opponents | qarşçılarıbızour opponents | qarşçılarığızyou all's opponents | qarşçılarıtheir opponents |
| Genitive | qarşçılanıthe opponents' | qarşçılarımımy opponents' | qarşçılarıŋıyour opponents' | qarşçılarınıhis opponents' | qarşçılarıbıznıour opponents' | qarşçılarığıznıyou all's opponents' | qarşçılarınıtheir opponents' |
| Accusative | qarşçılanıthe opponents (as the object) | qarşçılarımımy opponents (as the object) | qarşçılarıŋıyour opponents (as the object) | qarşçılarınhis opponents (as the object) | qarşçılarıbıznıour opponents (as the object) | qarşçılarığıznıyou all's opponents (as the object) | qarşçılarıntheir opponents (as the object) |
| Dative | qarşçılağato the opponents | qarşçılarımato my opponents | qarşçılarıŋato your opponents | qarşçılarınato his opponents | qarşçılarıbızğato our opponents | qarşçılarığızğato you all's opponents | qarşçılarınato their opponents |
| Locative | qarşçıladain / at the opponents | qarşçılarımdain / at my opponents | qarşçılarıŋdain / at your opponents | qarşçılarındain / at his opponents | qarşçılarıbızdain / at our opponents | qarşçılarığızdain / at you all's opponents | qarşçılarındain / at their opponents |
| Ablative | qarşçıladanfrom the opponents | qarşçılarımdanfrom my opponents | qarşçılarıŋdanfrom your opponents | qarşçılarındanfrom his opponents | qarşçılarıbızdanfrom our opponents | qarşçılarığızdanfrom you all's opponents | qarşçılarındanfrom their opponents |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qarşçıları can mean "his / her opponents", "their opponent", or "their opponents" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qarşçınıqıthe opponent's one | qarşçınıqılathe opponent's ones | qarşçılanıqıthe opponents' one | qarşçılanıqılathe opponents' ones |
| Genitive | qarşçınıqınıof the opponent's one | qarşçınıqılanıof the opponent's ones | qarşçılanıqınıof the opponents' one | qarşçılanıqılanıof the opponents' ones |
| Accusative | qarşçınıqınthe opponent's one (as the object) | qarşçınıqılanıthe opponent's ones (as the object) | qarşçılanıqınthe opponents' one (as the object) | qarşçılanıqılanıthe opponents' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | qarşçınıqınato the opponent's one | qarşçınıqılağato the opponent's ones | qarşçılanıqınato the opponents' one | qarşçılanıqılağato the opponents' ones |
| Locative | qarşçınıqındain / at the opponent's one | qarşçınıqıladain / at the opponent's ones | qarşçılanıqındain / at the opponents' one | qarşçılanıqıladain / at the opponents' ones |
| Ablative | qarşçınıqındanfrom the opponent's one | qarşçınıqıladanfrom the opponent's ones | qarşçılanıqındanfrom the opponents' one | qarşçılanıqıladanfrom the opponents' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | qarşçımaI am opposed | qarşçısayou are opposed | qarşçıdıhe is opposed | qarşçıbızwe are opposed | qarşçısızyou all are opposed | qarşçıdılathey are opposed |
| comparative — more | qarşçıraqmaI am more opposed | qarşçıraqsayou are more opposed | qarşçıraqdıhe is more opposed | qarşçıraqbızwe are more opposed | qarşçıraqsızyou all are more opposed | qarşçıraqdılathey are more opposed |
| intensifier — very | bek qarşçımaI am very opposed | bek qarşçısayou are very opposed | bek qarşçıdıhe is very opposed | bek qarşçıbızwe are very opposed | bek qarşçısızyou all are very opposed | bek qarşçıdılathey are very opposed |
| superlative — most | em qarşçımaI am the most opposed | em qarşçısayou are the most opposed | em qarşçıdıhe is the most opposed | em qarşçıbızwe are the most opposed | em qarşçısızyou all are the most opposed | em qarşçıdılathey are the most opposed |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden qarşçıdı — "compared to me, he is opposed."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki qarşçıdımine is opposed | seniki qarşçıdıyours is opposed | anıqı qarşçıdıhis is opposed | bizniki qarşçıdıours is opposed | sizniki qarşçıdıyours (pl.) is opposed | alanıqı qarşçıdıtheirs is opposed |
| comparative — more | meniki qarşçıraqdımine is more opposed | seniki qarşçıraqdıyours is more opposed | anıqı qarşçıraqdıhis is more opposed | bizniki qarşçıraqdıours is more opposed | sizniki qarşçıraqdıyours (pl.) is more opposed | alanıqı qarşçıraqdıtheirs is more opposed |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek qarşçıdımine is very opposed | seniki bek qarşçıdıyours is very opposed | anıqı bek qarşçıdıhis is very opposed | bizniki bek qarşçıdıours is very opposed | sizniki bek qarşçıdıyours (pl.) is very opposed | alanıqı bek qarşçıdıtheirs is very opposed |
| superlative — most | meniki em qarşçıdımine is the most opposed | seniki em qarşçıdıyours is the most opposed | anıqı em qarşçıdıhis is the most opposed | bizniki em qarşçıdıours is the most opposed | sizniki em qarşçıdıyours (pl.) is the most opposed | alanıqı em qarşçıdıtheirs is the most opposed |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile qarşçıdılamine are opposed | senikile qarşçıdılayours are opposed | anıqıla qarşçıdılahis are opposed | biznikile qarşçıdılaours are opposed | siznikile qarşçıdılayours (pl.) are opposed | alanıqıla qarşçıdılatheirs are opposed |
| comparative — more | menikile qarşçıraqdılamine are more opposed | senikile qarşçıraqdılayours are more opposed | anıqıla qarşçıraqdılahis are more opposed | biznikile qarşçıraqdılaours are more opposed | siznikile qarşçıraqdılayours (pl.) are more opposed | alanıqıla qarşçıraqdılatheirs are more opposed |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek qarşçıdılamine are very opposed | senikile bek qarşçıdılayours are very opposed | anıqıla bek qarşçıdılahis are very opposed | biznikile bek qarşçıdılaours are very opposed | siznikile bek qarşçıdılayours (pl.) are very opposed | alanıqıla bek qarşçıdılatheirs are very opposed |
| superlative — most | menikile em qarşçıdılamine are the most opposed | senikile em qarşçıdılayours are the most opposed | anıqıla em qarşçıdılahis are the most opposed | biznikile em qarşçıdılaours are the most opposed | siznikile em qarşçıdılayours (pl.) are the most opposed | alanıqıla em qarşçıdılatheirs are the most opposed |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qarşçıdı, bıla qarşçıdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".