qala
/qala/
Definitions
1. fortress, castle, stone tower, stronghold
- qalanı murdoru küçlü taşdan etilgendi — the fortress's foundation is made of strong stone
- taw başında eski qala turadı — an old fortress stands atop the mountain
- jawla qalanı almay qaytdıla — the enemies returned without taking the fortress
2. palace, majestic building, mansion
- han qalası altından jarıdı — the khan's palace gleamed as if made of gold
- qala kibik ariw üy — a house beautiful as a palace
- patçahnı qalasında otowla — chambers in the tsar's palace
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | qalathe fortress | qalalathe fortresses | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | qalanıthe fortress' | qalalanıthe fortresses' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | qalanıthe fortress (as the object) | qalalanıthe fortresses (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | qalağato the fortress | qalalağato the fortresses | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | qaladaat / in the fortress | qalaladaat / in the fortresses | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | qaladanfrom the fortress | qalaladanfrom the fortresses | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | qalammy fortress | qalalarımmy fortresses |
| your | qalangyour fortress | qalalarıngyour fortresses |
| his / her | qalasıhis / her fortress | qalalarıhis / her fortresses |
| our | qalabızour fortress | qalalarıbızour fortresses |
| you all's | qalağızyou all's fortress | qalalarığızyou all's fortresses |
| their | qalalarıtheir fortress | qalalarıtheir fortresses |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qalaları can mean "his / her fortresses", "their fortress", or "their fortresses" — context decides.