qadama
/qadama/ · plural qadamala
1. impregnable, unassailable, unshakeable, steadfast
- qadama qala — an impregnable fortress
- qadama jer — an unassailable place
- qadama qayala — impregnable cliffs
- çançhandı anı qadama qalağa — he planted it on the impregnable fortress
- bizni iynamıbız qadamadı — our conviction is unshakeable
- qadama qaya — an impregnable cliff
2. stronghold, fastness, citadel
- tawlanı qadaması — the stronghold of the mountains
- allay qadama körmegenme — I have not seen such a stronghold
- şahar duşmanŋa qadama bolğandı — the city became a stronghold against the enemy
- qadama bolurğa — to be a stronghold
3. firm support, mainstay, bulwark
- halqnı qadaması — the mainstay of the people
- qıralnı qadaması — the mainstay of the state
- ol bizni qadamabızdı — he is our mainstay
- demeŋili qadaması bolğandı — has been a mighty mainstay
Expressions
- qadama taş — boundary stone
As an adjective
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki qadamadımine is impregnable | seniki qadamadıyours is impregnable | anıqı qadamadıhis is impregnable | bizniki qadamadıours is impregnable | sizniki qadamadıyours (pl.) is impregnable | alanıqı qadamadıtheirs is impregnable |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile qadamadılamine are impregnable | senikile qadamadılayours are impregnable | anıqıla qadamadılahis are impregnable | biznikile qadamadılaours are impregnable | siznikile qadamadılayours (pl.) are impregnable | alanıqıla qadamadılatheirs are impregnable |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qadamadı, bıla qadamadıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qadamathe stronghold | qadamammy stronghold | qadamaŋyour stronghold | qadamasıhis stronghold | qadamabızour stronghold | qadamağızyou all's stronghold | qadamalarıtheir strongholds |
| Genitive | qadamanıthe stronghold's | qadamamımy stronghold's | qadamaŋıyour stronghold's | qadamasınıhis stronghold's | qadamabıznıour stronghold's | qadamağıznıyou all's stronghold's | qadamalarınıtheir strongholds' |
| Accusative | qadamanıthe stronghold (as the object) | qadamamımy stronghold (as the object) | qadamaŋıyour stronghold (as the object) | qadamasınhis stronghold (as the object) | qadamabıznıour stronghold (as the object) | qadamağıznıyou all's stronghold (as the object) | qadamalarıntheir strongholds (as the object) |
| Dative | qadamağato the stronghold | qadamamato my stronghold | qadamaŋato your stronghold | qadamasınato his stronghold | qadamabızğato our stronghold | qadamağızğato you all's stronghold | qadamalarınato their strongholds |
| Locative | qadamadain / at the stronghold | qadamamdain / at my stronghold | qadamaŋdain / at your stronghold | qadamasındain / at his stronghold | qadamabızdain / at our stronghold | qadamağızdain / at you all's stronghold | qadamalarındain / at their strongholds |
| Ablative | qadamadanfrom the stronghold | qadamamdanfrom my stronghold | qadamaŋdanfrom your stronghold | qadamasındanfrom his stronghold | qadamabızdanfrom our stronghold | qadamağızdanfrom you all's stronghold | qadamalarındanfrom their strongholds |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qadamalathe strongholds | qadamalarımmy strongholds | qadamalarıŋyour strongholds | qadamalarıhis strongholds | qadamalarıbızour strongholds | qadamalarığızyou all's strongholds | qadamalarıtheir strongholds |
| Genitive | qadamalanıthe strongholds' | qadamalarımımy strongholds' | qadamalarıŋıyour strongholds' | qadamalarınıhis strongholds' | qadamalarıbıznıour strongholds' | qadamalarığıznıyou all's strongholds' | qadamalarınıtheir strongholds' |
| Accusative | qadamalanıthe strongholds (as the object) | qadamalarımımy strongholds (as the object) | qadamalarıŋıyour strongholds (as the object) | qadamalarınhis strongholds (as the object) | qadamalarıbıznıour strongholds (as the object) | qadamalarığıznıyou all's strongholds (as the object) | qadamalarıntheir strongholds (as the object) |
| Dative | qadamalağato the strongholds | qadamalarımato my strongholds | qadamalarıŋato your strongholds | qadamalarınato his strongholds | qadamalarıbızğato our strongholds | qadamalarığızğato you all's strongholds | qadamalarınato their strongholds |
| Locative | qadamaladain / at the strongholds | qadamalarımdain / at my strongholds | qadamalarıŋdain / at your strongholds | qadamalarındain / at his strongholds | qadamalarıbızdain / at our strongholds | qadamalarığızdain / at you all's strongholds | qadamalarındain / at their strongholds |
| Ablative | qadamaladanfrom the strongholds | qadamalarımdanfrom my strongholds | qadamalarıŋdanfrom your strongholds | qadamalarındanfrom his strongholds | qadamalarıbızdanfrom our strongholds | qadamalarığızdanfrom you all's strongholds | qadamalarındanfrom their strongholds |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qadamaları can mean "his / her strongholds", "their stronghold", or "their strongholds" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.