qırqarğa
/qɯrqarʁa/
1. shear, clip, cut, trim (hair, wool, plants) — Used of shearing sheep, cutting hair, and trimming trees or the top shoots of plants. The phrase qırqıb alırğa means shear off a quantity of wool.
- qoy qırqarğa — to shear the sheep
- baş qırqarğa — to cut the hair on the head
- terek qırqarğa — to trim a tree
- qırqıb alırğa — to shear off (a quantity of wool)
- qoylanı qırqdıla — they sheared the sheep
2. snap off, break off (a thread, a chain) one source
- arqannı qırqdı — he snapped the rope
- çınjırnı qırqdıla — they broke the chain
- arqannı qırqmağız — do not snap the rope
3. break, snap
- tayaqnı qırqarğa — to break the stick
- çıbıqnı qırqdıla — they snapped the switch
- terekleni butaqların qırqdı — he broke the branches off the trees
4. eat away, eat holes in — Used of moths and other pests eating into cloth or wood. one source
- küele jünnü qırqadıla — moths eat away the wool
- küe jamıçını qırqğandı — the moth has eaten holes in the felt cloak
- qurt ağaçnı qırqadı — the grub eats into the wood
5. beat, flog
- hataçını qırqarğa — to flog the mischief-maker
- atası anı qırqdı — his father flogged him
- anı qırqdıla — they gave him a beating
6. have a bite to eat, nibble — Also used of animals nibbling or cropping grass. Marked as Karachay usage.
- keligiz bir juq qırqayıq — come, let us have a bite to eat
- kırdık qırqarğa — to nibble the grass
- malla kırdıknı qırqadıla — the livestock crop the grass
7. cut across, intersect
- oramnı qırqarğa — to cut across the street
- oramnı çort qırqarğa — to cut straight across the street
- suwnu qırqıb ötdü — he cut across the river to the other side
- jolnu qırqdıla — they cut across the road
Expressions
- qırqar ay — August
Conjugation
Common forms
- qırqadıhe is shearing
- qırqdıhe sheared
- qırqğandıhe has sheared
- qırqarhe will shear
- qırqarıqdıhe is going to shear
- qırqa edihe was shearing
- qırqsaif he shears
- qırq!shear!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqırqamaI am shearing | senqırqasayou are shearing | olqırqadıhe is shearing | bizqırqabızwe are shearing | sizqırqasızyou all are shearing | alaqırqadılathey are shearing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqırqmaymaI am not shearing | senqırqmaysayou are not shearing | olqırqmaydıhe is not shearing | bizqırqmaybızwe are not shearing | sizqırqmaysızyou all are not shearing | alaqırqmaydılathey are not shearing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqırqamamı? qırqamıma?am I shearing? | senqırqamısa?are you shearing? | olqırqamıdı?is he shearing? | bizqırqabızmı? qırqamıbız?are we shearing? | sizqırqamısız?are you all shearing? | alaqırqamıdıla?are they shearing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqırqmaymamı? qırqmaymıma?aren't I shearing? | senqırqmaymısa?aren't you shearing? | olqırqmaymıdı?isn't he shearing? | bizqırqmaybızmı? qırqmaymıbız?aren't we shearing? | sizqırqmaymısız?aren't you all shearing? | alaqırqmaymıdıla?aren't they shearing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqırqıwçanmaI usually shear | senqırqıwçansayou usually shear | olqırqıwçandıhe usually shears | bizqırqıwçanbızwe usually shear | sizqırqıwçansızyou all usually shear | alaqırqıwçandılathey usually shear |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqırqmawçanmaI usually don't shear | senqırqmawçansayou usually don't shear | olqırqmawçandıhe usually doesn't shear | bizqırqmawçanbızwe usually don't shear | sizqırqmawçansızyou all usually don't shear | alaqırqmawçandılathey usually don't shear |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqırqıwçanmamı? qırqıwçanmıma?do I usually shear? | senqırqıwçanmısa?do you usually shear? | olqırqıwçanmıdı?does he usually shear? | bizqırqıwçanbızmı? qırqıwçanmıbız?do we usually shear? | sizqırqıwçanmısız?do you all usually shear? | alaqırqıwçanmıdıla?do they usually shear? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqırqmawçanmamı? qırqmawçanmıma?do I usually not shear? | senqırqmawçanmısa?do you usually not shear? | olqırqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not shear? | bizqırqmawçanbızmı? qırqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not shear? | sizqırqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not shear? | alaqırqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not shear? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqırqıbdıhe has sheared and remains so | alaqırqıbdılathey have sheared and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqırqıbmıdı?has he sheared? | alaqırqıbmıdıla?have they sheared? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqırqıb turamaI keep shearing | senqırqıb turasayou keep shearing | olqırqıb turadıhe keeps shearing | bizqırqıb turabızwe keep shearing | sizqırqıb turasızyou all keep shearing | alaqırqıb turadılathey keep shearing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqırqıb turmaymaI don't keep shearing | senqırqıb turmaysayou don't keep shearing | olqırqıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep shearing | bizqırqıb turmaybızwe don't keep shearing | sizqırqıb turmaysızyou all don't keep shearing | alaqırqıb turmaydılathey don't keep shearing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqırqıb turamamı? qırqıb turamıma?do I keep shearing? | senqırqıb turamısa?do you keep shearing? | olqırqıb turamıdı?does he keep shearing? | bizqırqıb turabızmı? qırqıb turamıbız?do we keep shearing? | sizqırqıb turamısız?do you all keep shearing? | alaqırqıb turamıdıla?do they keep shearing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqırqıb turmaymamı? qırqıb turmaymıma?don't I keep shearing? | senqırqıb turmaymısa?don't you keep shearing? | olqırqıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep shearing? | bizqırqıb turmaybızmı? qırqıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep shearing? | sizqırqıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep shearing? | alaqırqıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep shearing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqırqa turamaI am in the middle of shearing | senqırqa turasayou are in the middle of shearing | olqırqa turadıhe is in the middle of shearing | bizqırqa turabızwe are in the middle of shearing | sizqırqa turasızyou all are in the middle of shearing | alaqırqa turadılathey are in the middle of shearing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqırqa turmaymaI am not in the middle of shearing | senqırqa turmaysayou are not in the middle of shearing | olqırqa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of shearing | bizqırqa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of shearing | sizqırqa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of shearing | alaqırqa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of shearing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqırqa turamamı? qırqa turamıma?am I in the middle of shearing? | senqırqa turamısa?are you in the middle of shearing? | olqırqa turamıdı?is he in the middle of shearing? | bizqırqa turabızmı? qırqa turamıbız?are we in the middle of shearing? | sizqırqa turamısız?are you all in the middle of shearing? | alaqırqa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of shearing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqırqa turmaymamı? qırqa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of shearing? | senqırqa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of shearing? | olqırqa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of shearing? | bizqırqa turmaybızmı? qırqa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of shearing? | sizqırqa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of shearing? | alaqırqa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of shearing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqırqdımI sheared | senqırqdıŋyou sheared | olqırqdıhe sheared | bizqırqdıqwe sheared | sizqırqdığızyou all sheared | alaqırqdılathey sheared |
| Simple past (definite) | menqırqmadımI didn't shear | senqırqmadıŋyou didn't shear | olqırqmadıhe didn't shear | bizqırqmadıqwe didn't shear | sizqırqmadığızyou all didn't shear | alaqırqmadılathey didn't shear |
| Simple past (definite) | menqırqdımmı?did I shear? | senqırqdıŋmı?did you shear? | olqırqdımı?did he shear? | bizqırqdıqmı?did we shear? | sizqırqdığızmı?did you all shear? | alaqırqdılamı?did they shear? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqırqmadımmı?didn't I shear? | senqırqmadıŋmı?didn't you shear? | olqırqmadımı?didn't he shear? | bizqırqmadıqmı?didn't we shear? | sizqırqmadığızmı?didn't you all shear? | alaqırqmadılamı?didn't they shear? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqırqğanmaI have sheared | senqırqğansayou have sheared | olqırqğandıhe has sheared | bizqırqğanbızwe have sheared | sizqırqğansızyou all have sheared | alaqırqğandılathey have sheared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqırqmağanmaI haven't sheared | senqırqmağansayou haven't sheared | olqırqmağandıhe hasn't sheared | bizqırqmağanbızwe haven't sheared | sizqırqmağansızyou all haven't sheared | alaqırqmağandılathey haven't sheared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqırqğanmamı? qırqğanmıma?have I sheared? | senqırqğanmısa?have you sheared? | olqırqğanmıdı?has he sheared? | bizqırqğanbızmı? qırqğanmıbız?have we sheared? | sizqırqğanmısız?have you all sheared? | alaqırqğanmıdıla?have they sheared? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqırqmağanmamı? qırqmağanmıma?haven't I sheared? | senqırqmağanmısa?haven't you sheared? | olqırqmağanmıdı?hasn't he sheared? | bizqırqmağanbızmı? qırqmağanmıbız?haven't we sheared? | sizqırqmağanmısız?haven't you all sheared? | alaqırqmağanmıdıla?haven't they sheared? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqırqıb turdumI kept shearing | senqırqıb turduŋyou kept shearing | olqırqıb turduhe kept shearing | bizqırqıb turduqwe kept shearing | sizqırqıb turduğuzyou all kept shearing | alaqırqıb turdulathey kept shearing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqırqıb turmadımI didn't keep shearing | senqırqıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep shearing | olqırqıb turmadıhe didn't keep shearing | bizqırqıb turmadıqwe didn't keep shearing | sizqırqıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep shearing | alaqırqıb turmadılathey didn't keep shearing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqırqarmaI will shear | senqırqarsayou will shear | olqırqarhe will shear | bizqırqarbızwe will shear | sizqırqarsızyou all will shear | alaqırqarlathey will shear |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqırqmazmaI won't shear | senqırqmazsayou won't shear | olqırqmazhe won't shear | bizqırqmazbızwe won't shear | sizqırqmazsızyou all won't shear | alaqırqmazlathey won't shear |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqırqarmamı? qırqarmıma?will I shear? | senqırqarmısa?will you shear? | olqırqarmı?will he shear? | bizqırqarbızmı? qırqarmıbız?will we shear? | sizqırqarmısız?will you all shear? | alaqırqarlamı? qırqarmıla?will they shear? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqırqmazmamı? qırqmazmıma?won't I shear? | senqırqmazmısa?won't you shear? | olqırqmazmı?won't he shear? | bizqırqmazbızmı? qırqmazmıbız?won't we shear? | sizqırqmazmısız?won't you all shear? | alaqırqmazlamı? qırqmazmıla?won't they shear? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqırqarıqmaI am going to shear | senqırqarıqsayou are going to shear | olqırqarıqdıhe is going to shear | bizqırqarıqbızwe are going to shear | sizqırqarıqsızyou all are going to shear | alaqırqarıqdılathey are going to shear |
| Definite future (future II) | menqırqarıq tülmeI am not going to shear | senqırqarıq tülseyou are not going to shear | olqırqarıq tüldühe is not going to shear | bizqırqarıq tülbüzwe are not going to shear | sizqırqarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to shear | alaqırqarıq tüldülethey are not going to shear |
| Definite future (future II) | menqırqarıqmamı? qırqarıqmıma?am I going to shear? | senqırqarıqmısa?are you going to shear? | olqırqarıqmıdı?is he going to shear? | bizqırqarıqbızmı? qırqarıqmıbız?are we going to shear? | sizqırqarıqmısız?are you all going to shear? | alaqırqarıqmıdıla?are they going to shear? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqırqarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to shear? | senqırqarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to shear? | olqırqarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to shear? | bizqırqarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to shear? | sizqırqarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to shear? | alaqırqarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to shear? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqırqğan edimqırqğanemI had sheared | senqırqğan ediŋqırqğaneŋyou had sheared | olqırqğan ediqırqğanedhe had sheared | bizqırqğan edikqırqğanekwe had sheared | sizqırqğan edigizqırqğanegizyou all had sheared | alaqırqğan edileqırqğanellethey had sheared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqırqmağan edimqırqmağanemI hadn't sheared | senqırqmağan ediŋqırqmağaneŋyou hadn't sheared | olqırqmağan ediqırqmağanedhe hadn't sheared | bizqırqmağan edikqırqmağanekwe hadn't sheared | sizqırqmağan edigizqırqmağanegizyou all hadn't sheared | alaqırqmağan edileqırqmağanellethey hadn't sheared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqırqa edimqırqaemI was shearing | senqırqa ediŋqırqaeŋyou were shearing | olqırqa ediqırqaedhe was shearing | bizqırqa edikqırqaekwe were shearing | sizqırqa edigizqırqaegizyou all were shearing | alaqırqa edileqırqaellethey were shearing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqırqmay edimqırqmayemI wasn't shearing | senqırqmay ediŋqırqmayeŋyou weren't shearing | olqırqmay ediqırqmayedhe wasn't shearing | bizqırqmay edikqırqmayekwe weren't shearing | sizqırqmay edigizqırqmayegizyou all weren't shearing | alaqırqmay edileqırqmayellethey weren't shearing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqırqıwçan edimqırqıwçanemI used to shear | senqırqıwçan ediŋqırqıwçaneŋyou used to shear | olqırqıwçan ediqırqıwçanedhe used to shear | bizqırqıwçan edikqırqıwçanekwe used to shear | sizqırqıwçan edigizqırqıwçanegizyou all used to shear | alaqırqıwçan edileqırqıwçanellethey used to shear |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqırqmawçan edimqırqmawçanemI didn't use to shear | senqırqmawçan ediŋqırqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to shear | olqırqmawçan ediqırqmawçanedhe didn't use to shear | bizqırqmawçan edikqırqmawçanekwe didn't use to shear | sizqırqmawçan edigizqırqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to shear | alaqırqmawçan edileqırqmawçanellethey didn't use to shear |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqırqıb edihe had sheared and remained so | alaqırqıb edilethey had sheared and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqırqıb tül edihe hadn't sheared | alaqırqıb tül edilethey hadn't sheared | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqırqıb tura edimqırqıb turaemI had kept shearing | senqırqıb tura ediŋqırqıb turaeŋyou had kept shearing | olqırqıb tura ediqırqıb turaedhe had kept shearing | bizqırqıb tura edikqırqıb turaekwe had kept shearing | sizqırqıb tura edigizqırqıb turaegizyou all had kept shearing | alaqırqıb tura edileqırqıb turaellethey had kept shearing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqırqıb turmay edimqırqıb turmayemI hadn't kept shearing | senqırqıb turmay ediŋqırqıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept shearing | olqırqıb turmay ediqırqıb turmayedhe hadn't kept shearing | bizqırqıb turmay edikqırqıb turmayekwe hadn't kept shearing | sizqırqıb turmay edigizqırqıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept shearing | alaqırqıb turmay edileqırqıb turmayellethey hadn't kept shearing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqırqa tura edimqırqa turaemI was in the middle of shearing | senqırqa tura ediŋqırqa turaeŋyou were in the middle of shearing | olqırqa tura ediqırqa turaedhe was in the middle of shearing | bizqırqa tura edikqırqa turaekwe were in the middle of shearing | sizqırqa tura edigizqırqa turaegizyou all were in the middle of shearing | alaqırqa tura edileqırqa turaellethey were in the middle of shearing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqırqa turmay edimqırqa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of shearing | senqırqa turmay ediŋqırqa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of shearing | olqırqa turmay ediqırqa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of shearing | bizqırqa turmay edikqırqa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of shearing | sizqırqa turmay edigizqırqa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of shearing | alaqırqa turmay edileqırqa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of shearing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqırqar edimqırqar emI would shear | senqırqar ediŋqırqar eŋyou would shear | olqırqar ediqırqar edhe would shear | bizqırqar edikqırqar ekwe would shear | sizqırqar edigizqırqar egizyou all would shear | alaqırqar edileqırqar ellethey would shear |
| Conditional result (would) | menqırqmaz edimqırqmaz emI wouldn't shear | senqırqmaz ediŋqırqmaz eŋyou wouldn't shear | olqırqmaz ediqırqmaz edhe wouldn't shear | bizqırqmaz edikqırqmaz ekwe wouldn't shear | sizqırqmaz edigizqırqmaz egizyou all wouldn't shear | alaqırqmaz edileqırqmaz ellethey wouldn't shear |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqırqarıq edimqırqarıq emI would have sheared | senqırqarıq ediŋqırqarıq eŋyou would have sheared | olqırqarıq ediqırqarıq edhe would have sheared | bizqırqarıq edikqırqarıq ekwe would have sheared | sizqırqarıq edigizqırqarıq egizyou all would have sheared | alaqırqarıq edileqırqarıq ellethey would have sheared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqırqarıq tül edimqırqarıq tül emI wouldn't have sheared | senqırqarıq tül ediŋqırqarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have sheared | olqırqarıq tül ediqırqarıq tül edhe wouldn't have sheared | bizqırqarıq tül edikqırqarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have sheared | sizqırqarıq tül edigizqırqarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have sheared | alaqırqarıq tül edileqırqarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have sheared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqırqsamif I shear | senqırqsaŋif you shear | olqırqsaif he shears | bizqırqsaqif we shear | sizqırqsağızif you all shear | alaqırqsalaif they shear |
| Conditional | menqırqmasamif I don't shear | senqırqmasaŋif you don't shear | olqırqmasaif he doesn't shear | bizqırqmasaqif we don't shear | sizqırqmasağızif you all don't shear | alaqırqmasalaif they don't shear |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqırqa esemif I am shearing | senqırqa eseŋif you are shearing | olqırqa eseif he is shearing | bizqırqa esekif we are shearing | sizqırqa esegizif you all are shearing | alaqırqa eseleif they are shearing |
| Conditional, present real | menqırqmay esemif I am not shearing | senqırqmay eseŋif you are not shearing | olqırqmay eseif he is not shearing | bizqırqmay esekif we are not shearing | sizqırqmay esegizif you all are not shearing | alaqırqmay eseleif they are not shearing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqırqsam ediqırqsam edif only I sheared | senqırqsaŋ ediqırqsaŋ edif only you sheared | olqırqsa ediqırqsaedif only he sheared | bizqırqsaq ediqırqsaq edif only we sheared | sizqırqsağız ediqırqsağız edif only you all sheared | alaqırqsala ediqırqsalaedif only they sheared |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqırqmasam ediqırqmasam edif only I didn't shear | senqırqmasaŋ ediqırqmasaŋ edif only you didn't shear | olqırqmasa ediqırqmasaedif only he didn't shear | bizqırqmasaq ediqırqmasaq edif only we didn't shear | sizqırqmasağız ediqırqmasağız edif only you all didn't shear | alaqırqmasala ediqırqmasalaedif only they didn't shear |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqırqıb tursamif I carry on shearing | senqırqıb tursaŋif you carry on shearing | olqırqıb tursaif he carries on shearing | bizqırqıb tursaqif we carry on shearing | sizqırqıb tursağızif you all carry on shearing | alaqırqıb tursalaif they carry on shearing |
| Durative conditional | menqırqıb turmasamif I don't carry on shearing | senqırqıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on shearing | olqırqıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on shearing | bizqırqıb turmasaqif we don't carry on shearing | sizqırqıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on shearing | alaqırqıb turmasalaif they don't carry on shearing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqırqıb tura esemif I have kept shearing | senqırqıb tura eseŋif you have kept shearing | olqırqıb tura eseif he has kept shearing | bizqırqıb tura esekif we have kept shearing | sizqırqıb tura esegizif you all have kept shearing | alaqırqıb tura eseleif they have kept shearing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqırqıb turmay esemif I haven't kept shearing | senqırqıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept shearing | olqırqıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept shearing | bizqırqıb turmay esekif we haven't kept shearing | sizqırqıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept shearing | alaqırqıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept shearing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqırqa tursamif I keep shearing | senqırqa tursaŋif you keep shearing | olqırqa tursaif he keeps shearing | bizqırqa tursaqif we keep shearing | sizqırqa tursağızif you all keep shearing | alaqırqa tursalaif they keep shearing |
| Progressive conditional | menqırqmay tursamif I keep on not shearing | senqırqmay tursaŋif you keep on not shearing | olqırqmay tursaif he keeps on not shearing | bizqırqmay tursaqif we keep on not shearing | sizqırqmay tursağızif you all keep on not shearing | alaqırqmay tursalaif they keep on not shearing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqırqa tura esemif I am in the middle of shearing | senqırqa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of shearing | olqırqa tura eseif he is in the middle of shearing | bizqırqa tura esekif we are in the middle of shearing | sizqırqa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of shearing | alaqırqa tura eseleif they are in the middle of shearing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqırqmay tura esemif I keep on not shearing | senqırqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not shearing | olqırqmay tura eseif he keeps on not shearing | bizqırqmay tura esekif we keep on not shearing | sizqırqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not shearing | alaqırqmay tura eseleif they keep on not shearing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqırqdım esemif I sheared | senqırqdıŋ eseŋif you sheared | olqırqdı eseif he sheared | bizqırqdıq esekif we sheared | sizqırqdığız esegizif you all sheared | alaqırqdıla eseleif they sheared |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqırqmadım esemif I didn't shear | senqırqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't shear | olqırqmadı eseif he didn't shear | bizqırqmadıq esekif we didn't shear | sizqırqmadığız esegizif you all didn't shear | alaqırqmadıla eseleif they didn't shear |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqırqğan esemif I did shear (indeed) | senqırqğan eseŋif you did shear (indeed) | olqırqğan eseif he did shear (indeed) | bizqırqğan esekif we did shear (indeed) | sizqırqğan esegizif you all did shear (indeed) | alaqırqğan eseleif they did shear (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqırqmağan esemif I didn't shear (indeed) | senqırqmağan eseŋif you didn't shear (indeed) | olqırqmağan eseif he didn't shear (indeed) | bizqırqmağan esekif we didn't shear (indeed) | sizqırqmağan esegizif you all didn't shear (indeed) | alaqırqmağan eseleif they didn't shear (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqırqğan bolsamif I had sheared | senqırqğan bolsaŋif you had sheared | olqırqğan bolsaif he had sheared | bizqırqğan bolsaqif we had sheared | sizqırqğan bolsağızif you all had sheared | alaqırqğan bolsalaif they had sheared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqırqmağan bolsamif I hadn't sheared | senqırqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't sheared | olqırqmağan bolsaif he hadn't sheared | bizqırqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't sheared | sizqırqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't sheared | alaqırqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't sheared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqırqğan bolsam ediqırqğan bolsam edif only I had sheared | senqırqğan bolsaŋ ediqırqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had sheared | olqırqğan bolsa ediqırqğan bolsaedif only he had sheared | bizqırqğan bolsaq ediqırqğan bolsaq edif only we had sheared | sizqırqğan bolsağız ediqırqğan bolsağız edif only you all had sheared | alaqırqğan bolsala ediqırqğan bolsalaedif only they had sheared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqırqmağan bolsam ediqırqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't sheared | senqırqmağan bolsaŋ ediqırqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sheared | olqırqmağan bolsa ediqırqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't sheared | bizqırqmağan bolsaq ediqırqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't sheared | sizqırqmağan bolsağız ediqırqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sheared | alaqırqmağan bolsala ediqırqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't sheared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqırqar esemif I will shear | senqırqar eseŋif you will shear | olqırqar eseif he will shear | bizqırqar esekif we will shear | sizqırqar esegizif you all will shear | alaqırqar eseleif they will shear |
| Conditional, aorist | menqırqmaz esemif I won't shear | senqırqmaz eseŋif you won't shear | olqırqmaz eseif he won't shear | bizqırqmaz esekif we won't shear | sizqırqmaz esegizif you all won't shear | alaqırqmaz eseleif they won't shear |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqırqarıq esemif I am going to shear | senqırqarıq eseŋif you are going to shear | olqırqarıq eseif he is going to shear | bizqırqarıq esekif we are going to shear | sizqırqarıq esegizif you all are going to shear | alaqırqarıq eseleif they are going to shear |
| Conditional, future | menqırqarıq tül esemif I am not going to shear | senqırqarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to shear | olqırqarıq tül eseif he is not going to shear | bizqırqarıq tül esekif we are not going to shear | sizqırqarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to shear | alaqırqarıq tül eseleif they are not going to shear |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqırqarıq bolsamif I were going to shear | senqırqarıq bolsaŋif you were going to shear | olqırqarıq bolsaif he were going to shear | bizqırqarıq bolsaqif we were going to shear | sizqırqarıq bolsağızif you all were going to shear | alaqırqarıq bolsalaif they were going to shear |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqırqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to shear | senqırqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to shear | olqırqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to shear | bizqırqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to shear | sizqırqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to shear | alaqırqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to shear |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qırqdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqırqa bolurmaI must be shearing | senqırqa bolursayou must be shearing | olqırqa bolurhe must be shearing | bizqırqa bolurbuzwe must be shearing | sizqırqa bolursuzyou all must be shearing | alaqırqa bolurlathey must be shearing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqırqmay bolurmaI must not be shearing | senqırqmay bolursayou must not be shearing | olqırqmay bolurhe must not be shearing | bizqırqmay bolurbuzwe must not be shearing | sizqırqmay bolursuzyou all must not be shearing | alaqırqmay bolurlathey must not be shearing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqırqa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of shearing | senqırqa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of shearing | olqırqa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of shearing | bizqırqa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of shearing | sizqırqa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of shearing | alaqırqa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of shearing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqırqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not shearing | senqırqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not shearing | olqırqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not shearing | bizqırqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not shearing | sizqırqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not shearing | alaqırqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not shearing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqırqğan bolurmaI must have sheared | senqırqğan bolursayou must have sheared | olqırqğan bolurhe must have sheared | bizqırqğan bolurbuzwe must have sheared | sizqırqğan bolursuzyou all must have sheared | alaqırqğan bolurlathey must have sheared |
| Inference (must have) | menqırqmağan bolurmaI must not have sheared | senqırqmağan bolursayou must not have sheared | olqırqmağan bolurhe must not have sheared | bizqırqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have sheared | sizqırqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have sheared | alaqırqmağan bolurlathey must not have sheared |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqırqarıq bolurmaI must be going to shear | senqırqarıq bolursayou must be going to shear | olqırqarıq bolurhe must be going to shear | bizqırqarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to shear | sizqırqarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to shear | alaqırqarıq bolurlathey must be going to shear |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqırqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to shear | senqırqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to shear | olqırqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to shear | bizqırqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to shear | sizqırqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to shear | alaqırqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to shear |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqırqayımlet me shear | senqırq!shear! | olqırqsınlet him shear | bizqırqayıqlet's shear | sizqırqığız!shear, you all! | alaqırqsınlalet them shear |
| Commands & suggestions | menqırqmayımlet me not shear | senqırqma!don't shear! | olqırqmasınlet him not shear | bizqırqmayıqlet's not shear | sizqırqmağız!don't shear, you all! | alaqırqmasınlalet them not shear |
| Commands & suggestions | menqırqayımmı?shall I shear? | olqırqsınmı?should he shear? | bizqırqayıqmı?shall we shear? | alaqırqsınlamı?should they shear? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqırqmayımmı?shall I not shear? | olqırqmasınmı?should he not shear? | bizqırqmayıqmı?shall we not shear? | alaqırqmasınlamı?should they not shear? | ||
| Requests | senqırqçı2qırqçınplease shear | olqırqsınçıdo let him shear | sizqırqçığızplease shear (plural/polite) | alaqırqsınlaçıdo let them shear | ||
| Requests | senqırqmaçı2qırqmaçınplease don't shear | olqırqmasınçıdo let him not shear | sizqırqmaçığızplease don't shear (plural/polite) | alaqırqmasınlaçıdo let them not shear | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqırqğınqırqğımay you shear | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqırqmağınqırqmağımay you not shear | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqırqğay edim qırqğa edimwould that I sheared | senqırqğay ediŋ qırqğa ediŋwould that you sheared | olqırqğay edi qırqğa ediwould that he sheared | bizqırqğay edik qırqğa edikwould that we sheared | sizqırqğay edigiz qırqğa edigizwould that you all sheared | alaqırqğay edile qırqğa edilewould that they sheared |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqırqmağay edim qırqmağa edimwould that I did not shear | senqırqmağay ediŋ qırqmağa ediŋwould that you did not shear | olqırqmağay edi qırqmağa ediwould that he did not shear | bizqırqmağay edik qırqmağa edikwould that we did not shear | sizqırqmağay edigiz qırqmağa edigizwould that you all did not shear | alaqırqmağay edile qırqmağa edilewould that they did not shear |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqırqmağa qoyayımqırqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to shear | senqırqmağa qoy!qırqma qoy!let someone shear! | olqırqmağa qoysunqırqma qoysunlet him allow someone to shear | bizqırqmağa qoyayıqqırqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to shear | sizqırqmağa qoyuğuz!qırqma qoyuğuz!let someone shear, you all! | alaqırqmağa qoysunlaqırqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to shear |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqırqmağa qoymayımqırqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to shear | senqırqmağa qoyma!qırqma qoyma!don't let someone shear! | olqırqmağa qoymasınqırqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to shear | bizqırqmağa qoymayıqqırqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to shear | sizqırqmağa qoymağız!qırqma qoymağız!don't let someone shear, you all! | alaqırqmağa qoymasınlaqırqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to shear |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqırqmağa qoyayımmı?qırqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to shear? | olqırqmağa qoysunmu?qırqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to shear? | bizqırqmağa qoyayıqmı?qırqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to shear? | alaqırqmağa qoysunlamı?qırqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to shear? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqırqmağa qoymayımmı?qırqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to shear? | olqırqmağa qoymasınmı?qırqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to shear? | bizqırqmağa qoymayıqmı?qırqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to shear? | alaqırqmağa qoymasınlamı?qırqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to shear? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqırqmağa qoyamaqırqma qoyamaI allow someone to shear | senqırqmağa qoyasaqırqma qoyasayou allow someone to shear | olqırqmağa qoyadıqırqma qoyadıhe allows someone to shear | bizqırqmağa qoyabızqırqma qoyabızwe allow someone to shear | sizqırqmağa qoyasızqırqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to shear | alaqırqmağa qoyadılaqırqma qoyadılathey allow someone to shear |
| Let someone… (present) | menqırqmağa qoymaymaqırqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to shear | senqırqmağa qoymaysaqırqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to shear | olqırqmağa qoymaydıqırqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to shear | bizqırqmağa qoymaybızqırqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to shear | sizqırqmağa qoymaysızqırqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to shear | alaqırqmağa qoymaydılaqırqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to shear |
| Let someone… (present) | menqırqmağa qoyamamı?qırqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to shear? | senqırqmağa qoyamısa?qırqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to shear? | olqırqmağa qoyamıdı?qırqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to shear? | bizqırqmağa qoyabızmı?qırqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to shear? | sizqırqmağa qoyamısız?qırqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to shear? | alaqırqmağa qoyamıdıla?qırqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to shear? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqırqmağa qoymaymamı?qırqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to shear? | senqırqmağa qoymaymısa?qırqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to shear? | olqırqmağa qoymaymıdı?qırqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to shear? | bizqırqmağa qoymaybızmı?qırqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to shear? | sizqırqmağa qoymaymısız?qırqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to shear? | alaqırqmağa qoymaymıdıla?qırqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to shear? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqırqmağa qoydumqırqma qoydumI allowed someone to shear | senqırqmağa qoyduŋqırqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to shear | olqırqmağa qoyduqırqma qoyduhe allowed someone to shear | bizqırqmağa qoyduqqırqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to shear | sizqırqmağa qoyduğuzqırqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to shear | alaqırqmağa qoydulaqırqma qoydulathey allowed someone to shear |
| Let someone… (past) | menqırqmağa qoymadımqırqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to shear | senqırqmağa qoymadıŋqırqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to shear | olqırqmağa qoymadıqırqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to shear | bizqırqmağa qoymadıqqırqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to shear | sizqırqmağa qoymadığızqırqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to shear | alaqırqmağa qoymadılaqırqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to shear |
| Let someone… (past) | menqırqmağa qoydummu?qırqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to shear? | senqırqmağa qoyduŋmu?qırqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to shear? | olqırqmağa qoydumu?qırqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to shear? | bizqırqmağa qoyduqmu?qırqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to shear? | sizqırqmağa qoyduğuzmu?qırqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to shear? | alaqırqmağa qoydulamı?qırqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to shear? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqırqmağa qoymadımmı?qırqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to shear? | senqırqmağa qoymadıŋmı?qırqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to shear? | olqırqmağa qoymadımı?qırqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to shear? | bizqırqmağa qoymadıqmı?qırqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to shear? | sizqırqmağa qoymadığızmı?qırqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to shear? | alaqırqmağa qoymadılamı?qırqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to shear? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qırqalırğa be able to shear · qırqalmazğa be unable to shear
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqırqalamaI can shear | senqırqalasayou can shear | olqırqaladıhe can shear | bizqırqalabızwe can shear | sizqırqalasızyou all can shear | alaqırqaladılathey can shear |
| Ability — present | menqırqalmaymaI can't shear | senqırqalmaysayou can't shear | olqırqalmaydıhe can't shear | bizqırqalmaybızwe can't shear | sizqırqalmaysızyou all can't shear | alaqırqalmaydılathey can't shear |
| Ability — present | menqırqalamamı? qırqalamıma?can I shear? | senqırqalamısa?can you shear? | olqırqalamıdı?can he shear? | bizqırqalabızmı? qırqalamıbız?can we shear? | sizqırqalamısız?can you all shear? | alaqırqalamıdıla?can they shear? |
| Ability — present | menqırqalmaymamı? qırqalmaymıma?can't I shear? | senqırqalmaymısa?can't you shear? | olqırqalmaymıdı?can't he shear? | bizqırqalmaybızmı? qırqalmaymıbız?can't we shear? | sizqırqalmaymısız?can't you all shear? | alaqırqalmaymıdıla?can't they shear? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqırqalsamif I can shear | senqırqalsaŋif you can shear | olqırqalsaif he can shear | bizqırqalsaqif we can shear | sizqırqalsağızif you all can shear | alaqırqalsalaif they can shear |
| Ability — if I can… | menqırqalmasamif I can't shear | senqırqalmasaŋif you can't shear | olqırqalmasaif he can't shear | bizqırqalmasaqif we can't shear | sizqırqalmasağızif you all can't shear | alaqırqalmasalaif they can't shear |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqırqaldımI was able to shear | senqırqaldıŋyou were able to shear | olqırqaldıhe was able to shear | bizqırqaldıqwe were able to shear | sizqırqaldığızyou all were able to shear | alaqırqaldılathey were able to shear |
| Ability — simple past | menqırqalmadımI could not shear | senqırqalmadıŋyou could not shear | olqırqalmadıhe could not shear | bizqırqalmadıqwe could not shear | sizqırqalmadığızyou all could not shear | alaqırqalmadılathey could not shear |
| Ability — simple past | menqırqaldımmı?was I able to shear? | senqırqaldıŋmı?were you able to shear? | olqırqaldımı?was he able to shear? | bizqırqaldıqmı?were we able to shear? | sizqırqaldığızmı?were you all able to shear? | alaqırqaldılamı?were they able to shear? |
| Ability — simple past | menqırqalmadımmı?couldn't I shear? | senqırqalmadıŋmı?couldn't you shear? | olqırqalmadımı?couldn't he shear? | bizqırqalmadıqmı?couldn't we shear? | sizqırqalmadığızmı?couldn't you all shear? | alaqırqalmadılamı?couldn't they shear? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqırqalğanmaI have been able to shear | senqırqalğansayou have been able to shear | olqırqalğandıhe has been able to shear | bizqırqalğanbızwe have been able to shear | sizqırqalğansızyou all have been able to shear | alaqırqalğandılathey have been able to shear |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqırqalmağanmaI haven't been able to shear | senqırqalmağansayou haven't been able to shear | olqırqalmağandıhe hasn't been able to shear | bizqırqalmağanbızwe haven't been able to shear | sizqırqalmağansızyou all haven't been able to shear | alaqırqalmağandılathey haven't been able to shear |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqırqalğanmamı? qırqalğanmıma?have I been able to shear? | senqırqalğanmısa?have you been able to shear? | olqırqalğanmıdı?has he been able to shear? | bizqırqalğanbızmı? qırqalğanmıbız?have we been able to shear? | sizqırqalğanmısız?have you all been able to shear? | alaqırqalğanmıdıla?have they been able to shear? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqırqalmağanmamı? qırqalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to shear? | senqırqalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to shear? | olqırqalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to shear? | bizqırqalmağanbızmı? qırqalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to shear? | sizqırqalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to shear? | alaqırqalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to shear? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqırqalğan edimqırqalğanemI had been able to shear | senqırqalğan ediŋqırqalğaneŋyou had been able to shear | olqırqalğan ediqırqalğanedhe had been able to shear | bizqırqalğan edikqırqalğanekwe had been able to shear | sizqırqalğan edigizqırqalğanegizyou all had been able to shear | alaqırqalğan edileqırqalğanellethey had been able to shear |
| Ability — past perfect | menqırqalmağan edimqırqalmağanemI hadn't been able to shear | senqırqalmağan ediŋqırqalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to shear | olqırqalmağan ediqırqalmağanedhe hadn't been able to shear | bizqırqalmağan edikqırqalmağanekwe hadn't been able to shear | sizqırqalmağan edigizqırqalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to shear | alaqırqalmağan edileqırqalmağanellethey hadn't been able to shear |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqırqala edimqırqalaemI could shear | senqırqala ediŋqırqalaeŋyou could shear | olqırqala ediqırqalaedhe could shear | bizqırqala edikqırqalaekwe could shear | sizqırqala edigizqırqalaegizyou all could shear | alaqırqala edileqırqalaellethey could shear |
| Ability — past background | menqırqalmay edimqırqalmayemI could not shear | senqırqalmay ediŋqırqalmayeŋyou could not shear | olqırqalmay ediqırqalmayedhe could not shear | bizqırqalmay edikqırqalmayekwe could not shear | sizqırqalmay edigizqırqalmayegizyou all could not shear | alaqırqalmay edileqırqalmayellethey could not shear |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqırqalırmaI will be able to shear | senqırqalırsayou will be able to shear | olqırqalırhe will be able to shear | bizqırqalırbızwe will be able to shear | sizqırqalırsızyou all will be able to shear | alaqırqalırlathey will be able to shear |
| Ability — future I | menqırqalmazmaI won't be able to shear | senqırqalmazsayou won't be able to shear | olqırqalmazhe won't be able to shear | bizqırqalmazbızwe won't be able to shear | sizqırqalmazsızyou all won't be able to shear | alaqırqalmazlathey won't be able to shear |
| Ability — future I | menqırqalırmamı? qırqalırmıma?will I be able to shear? | senqırqalırmısa?will you be able to shear? | olqırqalırmı?will he be able to shear? | bizqırqalırbızmı? qırqalırmıbız?will we be able to shear? | sizqırqalırmısız?will you all be able to shear? | alaqırqalırlamı? qırqalırmıla?will they be able to shear? |
| Ability — future I | menqırqalmazmamı? qırqalmazmıma?won't I be able to shear? | senqırqalmazmısa?won't you be able to shear? | olqırqalmazmı?won't he be able to shear? | bizqırqalmazbızmı? qırqalmazmıbız?won't we be able to shear? | sizqırqalmazmısız?won't you all be able to shear? | alaqırqalmazlamı? qırqalmazmıla?won't they be able to shear? |
| Ability — future II | menqırqallıqmaI am going to be able to shear | senqırqallıqsayou are going to be able to shear | olqırqallıqdıhe is going to be able to shear | bizqırqallıqbızwe are going to be able to shear | sizqırqallıqsızyou all are going to be able to shear | alaqırqallıqdılathey are going to be able to shear |
| Ability — future II | menqırqallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to shear | senqırqallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to shear | olqırqallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to shear | bizqırqallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to shear | sizqırqallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to shear | alaqırqallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to shear |
| Ability — future II | menqırqallıqmamı? qırqallıqmıma?am I going to be able to shear? | senqırqallıqmısa?are you going to be able to shear? | olqırqallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to shear? | bizqırqallıqbızmı? qırqallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to shear? | sizqırqallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to shear? | alaqırqallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to shear? |
| Ability — future II | menqırqallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to shear? | senqırqallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to shear? | olqırqallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to shear? | bizqırqallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to shear? | sizqırqallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to shear? | alaqırqallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to shear? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqırqalır edimqırqalır emI would be able to shear | senqırqalır ediŋqırqalır eŋyou would be able to shear | olqırqalır ediqırqalır edhe would be able to shear | bizqırqalır edikqırqalır ekwe would be able to shear | sizqırqalır edigizqırqalır egizyou all would be able to shear | alaqırqalır edileqırqalır ellethey would be able to shear |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqırqalmaz edimqırqalmaz emI wouldn't be able to shear | senqırqalmaz ediŋqırqalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to shear | olqırqalmaz ediqırqalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to shear | bizqırqalmaz edikqırqalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to shear | sizqırqalmaz edigizqırqalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to shear | alaqırqalmaz edileqırqalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to shear |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqırqalğınqırqalğımay you be able to shear | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqırqalmağınqırqalmağımay you not be able to shear | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqırqarğa izleymeI want to shear | senqırqarğa izleyseyou want to shear | olqırqarğa izleydihe wants to shear | bizqırqarğa izleybizwe want to shear | sizqırqarğa izleysizyou all want to shear | alaqırqarğa izleydilethey want to shear |
| want to | menqırqarğa izlemeymeI do not want to shear | senqırqarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to shear | olqırqarğa izlemeydihe does not want to shear | bizqırqarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to shear | sizqırqarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to shear | alaqırqarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to shear |
| would like to | menqırqarğa süemeI would like to shear | senqırqarğa süeseyou would like to shear | olqırqarğa süedihe would like to shear | bizqırqarğa süebizwe would like to shear | sizqırqarğa süesizyou all would like to shear | alaqırqarğa süedilethey would like to shear |
| would like to | menqırqarğa süymeymeI would not like to shear | senqırqarğa süymeyseyou would not like to shear | olqırqarğa süymeydihe would not like to shear | bizqırqarğa süymeybizwe would not like to shear | sizqırqarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to shear | alaqırqarğa süymeydilethey would not like to shear |
| hope to | menqırqarğa umutlanamaI hope to shear | senqırqarğa umutlanasayou hope to shear | olqırqarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to shear | bizqırqarğa umutlanabızwe hope to shear | sizqırqarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to shear | alaqırqarğa umutlanadılathey hope to shear |
| hope to | menqırqarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to shear | senqırqarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to shear | olqırqarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to shear | bizqırqarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to shear | sizqırqarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to shear | alaqırqarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to shear |
| be about to | menqırqarğa deb turamaI am about to shear | senqırqarğa deb turasayou are about to shear | olqırqarğa deb turadıhe is about to shear | bizqırqarğa deb turabızwe are about to shear | sizqırqarğa deb turasızyou all are about to shear | alaqırqarğa deb turadılathey are about to shear |
| be about to | menqırqarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to shear | senqırqarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to shear | olqırqarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to shear | bizqırqarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to shear | sizqırqarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to shear | alaqırqarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to shear |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqırqarğa kerekmeI need to shear | senqırqarğa kerekseyou need to shear | olqırqarğa kerekdihe needs to shear | bizqırqarğa kerekbizwe need to shear | sizqırqarğa kereksizyou all need to shear | alaqırqarğa kerekdilethey need to shear |
| need to | menqırqarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to shear | senqırqarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to shear | olqırqarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to shear | bizqırqarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to shear | sizqırqarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to shear | alaqırqarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to shear |
| have to | menmenŋe qırqarğa tüşediI have to shear | sensenŋe qırqarğa tüşediyou have to shear | olaŋa qırqarğa tüşedihe has to shear | bizbizge qırqarğa tüşediwe have to shear | sizsizge qırqarğa tüşediyou all have to shear | alaalağa qırqarğa tüşedithey have to shear |
| have to | menmenŋe qırqarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to shear | sensenŋe qırqarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to shear | olaŋa qırqarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to shear | bizbizge qırqarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to shear | sizsizge qırqarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to shear | alaalağa qırqarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to shear |
| be obliged to | menqırqarğa borçlumaI am obliged to shear | senqırqarğa borçlusayou are obliged to shear | olqırqarğa borçluduhe is obliged to shear | bizqırqarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to shear | sizqırqarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to shear | alaqırqarğa borçludulathey are obliged to shear |
| be obliged to | menqırqarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to shear | senqırqarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to shear | olqırqarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to shear | bizqırqarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to shear | sizqırqarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to shear | alaqırqarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to shear |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqırqarğa madarım bardıI have a way to shear | senqırqarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to shear | olqırqarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to shear | bizqırqarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to shear | sizqırqarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to shear | alaqırqarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to shear |
| have a way to | menqırqarğa madarım joqduI have no way to shear | senqırqarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to shear | olqırqarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to shear | bizqırqarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to shear | sizqırqarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to shear | alaqırqarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to shear |
| be free to | menqırqarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to shear | senqırqarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to shear | olqırqarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to shear | bizqırqarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to shear | sizqırqarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to shear | alaqırqarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to shear |
| be free to | menqırqarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to shear | senqırqarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to shear | olqırqarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to shear | bizqırqarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to shear | sizqırqarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to shear | alaqırqarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to shear |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qırqarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to shear | sensenŋe qırqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to shear | olaŋa qırqarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to shear | bizbizge qırqarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to shear | sizsizge qırqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to shear | alaalağa qırqarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to shear |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qırqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to shear | sensenŋe qırqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to shear | olaŋa qırqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to shear | bizbizge qırqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to shear | sizsizge qırqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to shear | alaalağa qırqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to shear |
| be ready to | menqırqarğa hazırmaI am ready to shear | senqırqarğa hazırsayou are ready to shear | olqırqarğa hazırdıhe is ready to shear | bizqırqarğa hazırbızwe are ready to shear | sizqırqarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to shear | alaqırqarğa hazırdılathey are ready to shear |
| be ready to | menqırqarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to shear | senqırqarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to shear | olqırqarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to shear | bizqırqarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to shear | sizqırqarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to shear | alaqırqarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to shear |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqırqarğa küreşemeI am trying to shear | senqırqarğa küreşeseyou are trying to shear | olqırqarğa küreşedihe is trying to shear | bizqırqarğa küreşebizwe are trying to shear | sizqırqarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to shear | alaqırqarğa küreşedilethey are trying to shear |
| try to | menqırqarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to shear | senqırqarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to shear | olqırqarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to shear | bizqırqarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to shear | sizqırqarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to shear | alaqırqarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to shear |
| agree to | menqırqarğa unaymaI agree to shear | senqırqarğa unaysayou agree to shear | olqırqarğa unaydıhe agrees to shear | bizqırqarğa unaybızwe agree to shear | sizqırqarğa unaysızyou all agree to shear | alaqırqarğa unaydılathey agree to shear |
| agree to | menqırqarğa unamaymaI refuse to shear | senqırqarğa unamaysayou refuse to shear | olqırqarğa unamaydıhe refuses to shear | bizqırqarğa unamaybızwe refuse to shear | sizqırqarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to shear | alaqırqarğa unamaydılathey refuse to shear |
| hurry to | menqırqarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to shear | senqırqarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to shear | olqırqarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to shear | bizqırqarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to shear | sizqırqarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to shear | alaqırqarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to shear |
| hurry to | menqırqarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to shear | senqırqarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to shear | olqırqarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to shear | bizqırqarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to shear | sizqırqarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to shear | alaqırqarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to shear |
| be afraid to | menqırqarğa qorqamaI am afraid to shear | senqırqarğa qorqasayou are afraid to shear | olqırqarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to shear | bizqırqarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to shear | sizqırqarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to shear | alaqırqarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to shear |
| be afraid to | menqırqarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to shear | senqırqarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to shear | olqırqarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to shear | bizqırqarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to shear | sizqırqarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to shear | alaqırqarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to shear |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqırqa bolmazmaI can't be shearing | senqırqa bolmazsayou can't be shearing | olqırqa bolmazhe can't be shearing | bizqırqa bolmazbızwe can't be shearing | sizqırqa bolmazsızyou all can't be shearing | alaqırqa bolmazlathey can't be shearing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqırqmay bolmazmaI must be shearing (emphatic) | senqırqmay bolmazsayou must be shearing (emphatic) | olqırqmay bolmazhe must be shearing (emphatic) | bizqırqmay bolmazbızwe must be shearing (emphatic) | sizqırqmay bolmazsızyou all must be shearing (emphatic) | alaqırqmay bolmazlathey must be shearing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqırqa turmasamif I don't keep shearing | senqırqa turmasaŋif you don't keep shearing | olqırqa turmasaif he doesn't keep shearing | bizqırqa turmasaqif we don't keep shearing | sizqırqa turmasağızif you all don't keep shearing | alaqırqa turmasalaif they don't keep shearing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqırqa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of shearing | senqırqa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of shearing | olqırqa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of shearing | bizqırqa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of shearing | sizqırqa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of shearing | alaqırqa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of shearing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqırqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not shearing (emphatic) | senqırqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not shearing (emphatic) | olqırqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not shearing (emphatic) | bizqırqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not shearing (emphatic) | sizqırqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not shearing (emphatic) | alaqırqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not shearing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqırqmay turamaI keep on not shearing | senqırqmay turasayou keep on not shearing | olqırqmay turadıhe keeps on not shearing | bizqırqmay turabızwe keep on not shearing | sizqırqmay turasızyou all keep on not shearing | alaqırqmay turadılathey keep on not shearing |
| Progressive — double negation | menqırqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not shearing | senqırqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not shearing | olqırqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not shearing | bizqırqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not shearing | sizqırqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not shearing | alaqırqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not shearing |
| Progressive — double negation | menqırqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not shearing? | senqırqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not shearing? | olqırqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not shearing? | bizqırqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not shearing? | sizqırqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not shearing? | alaqırqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not shearing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqırqğan bolmazmaI can't have sheared | senqırqğan bolmazsayou can't have sheared | olqırqğan bolmazhe can't have sheared | bizqırqğan bolmazbızwe can't have sheared | sizqırqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have sheared | alaqırqğan bolmazlathey can't have sheared |
| Inference — double negation | menqırqmağan bolmazmaI must have sheared (emphatic) | senqırqmağan bolmazsayou must have sheared (emphatic) | olqırqmağan bolmazhe must have sheared (emphatic) | bizqırqmağan bolmazbızwe must have sheared (emphatic) | sizqırqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have sheared (emphatic) | alaqırqmağan bolmazlathey must have sheared (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqırqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had sheared | senqırqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sheared | olqırqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had sheared | bizqırqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sheared | sizqırqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sheared | alaqırqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sheared |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqırqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sheared | senqırqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sheared | olqırqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sheared | bizqırqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sheared | sizqırqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sheared | alaqırqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sheared |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqırqarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to shear | senqırqarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to shear | olqırqarıq bolmazhe can't be going to shear | bizqırqarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to shear | sizqırqarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to shear | alaqırqarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to shear |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqırqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to shear (emphatic) | senqırqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to shear (emphatic) | olqırqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to shear (emphatic) | bizqırqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to shear (emphatic) | sizqırqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to shear (emphatic) | alaqırqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to shear (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqırqarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to shear | senqırqarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to shear | olqırqarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to shear | bizqırqarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to shear | sizqırqarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to shear | alaqırqarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to shear |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqırqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to shear | senqırqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to shear | olqırqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to shear | bizqırqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to shear | sizqırqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to shear | alaqırqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to shear |