otlarğa
/otlarʁa/
graze, crop grass, feed on grass — Said of animals feeding on pasture.
- mal otlab başlağandı — the cattle have begun to graze
- otlab aylanırğa — to be out grazing
- tawda otlab aylanırğa — to graze up in the mountains
- iynekle otlab aylanadıla — the cows are out grazing
- atlanı, iyib, otlarğa jiberdik — we let the horses loose and sent them out to graze
- qoyla ürküb, otlarğa unamaydıla — the sheep get frightened and refuse to graze
- malla bügün otladıla — the livestock grazed today
- at kırdık otlaydı — the horse is cropping grass
Conjugation
Common forms
- otlaydıhe is grazing
- otladıhe grazed
- otlağandıhe has grazed
- otlarhe will graze
- otlarıqdıhe is going to graze
- otlay edihe was grazing
- otlasaif he grazes
- otla!graze!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlaymaI am grazing | senotlaysayou are grazing | olotlaydıhe is grazing | bizotlaybızwe are grazing | sizotlaysızyou all are grazing | alaotlaydılathey are grazing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlamaymaI am not grazing | senotlamaysayou are not grazing | olotlamaydıhe is not grazing | bizotlamaybızwe are not grazing | sizotlamaysızyou all are not grazing | alaotlamaydılathey are not grazing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlaymamı? otlaymıma?am I grazing? | senotlaymısa?are you grazing? | olotlaymıdı?is he grazing? | bizotlaybızmı? otlaymıbız?are we grazing? | sizotlaymısız?are you all grazing? | alaotlaymıdıla?are they grazing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menotlamaymamı? otlamaymıma?aren't I grazing? | senotlamaymısa?aren't you grazing? | olotlamaymıdı?isn't he grazing? | bizotlamaybızmı? otlamaymıbız?aren't we grazing? | sizotlamaymısız?aren't you all grazing? | alaotlamaymıdıla?aren't they grazing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlawçanmaI usually graze | senotlawçansayou usually graze | olotlawçandıhe usually grazes | bizotlawçanbızwe usually graze | sizotlawçansızyou all usually graze | alaotlawçandılathey usually graze |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlamawçanmaI usually don't graze | senotlamawçansayou usually don't graze | olotlamawçandıhe usually doesn't graze | bizotlamawçanbızwe usually don't graze | sizotlamawçansızyou all usually don't graze | alaotlamawçandılathey usually don't graze |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlawçanmamı? otlawçanmıma?do I usually graze? | senotlawçanmısa?do you usually graze? | olotlawçanmıdı?does he usually graze? | bizotlawçanbızmı? otlawçanmıbız?do we usually graze? | sizotlawçanmısız?do you all usually graze? | alaotlawçanmıdıla?do they usually graze? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menotlamawçanmamı? otlamawçanmıma?do I usually not graze? | senotlamawçanmısa?do you usually not graze? | olotlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not graze? | bizotlamawçanbızmı? otlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not graze? | sizotlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not graze? | alaotlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not graze? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olotlabdıhe has grazed and remains so | alaotlabdılathey have grazed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olotlabmıdı?has he grazed? | alaotlabmıdıla?have they grazed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlab turamaI keep grazing | senotlab turasayou keep grazing | olotlab turadıhe keeps grazing | bizotlab turabızwe keep grazing | sizotlab turasızyou all keep grazing | alaotlab turadılathey keep grazing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlab turmaymaI don't keep grazing | senotlab turmaysayou don't keep grazing | olotlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep grazing | bizotlab turmaybızwe don't keep grazing | sizotlab turmaysızyou all don't keep grazing | alaotlab turmaydılathey don't keep grazing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlab turamamı? otlab turamıma?do I keep grazing? | senotlab turamısa?do you keep grazing? | olotlab turamıdı?does he keep grazing? | bizotlab turabızmı? otlab turamıbız?do we keep grazing? | sizotlab turamısız?do you all keep grazing? | alaotlab turamıdıla?do they keep grazing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menotlab turmaymamı? otlab turmaymıma?don't I keep grazing? | senotlab turmaymısa?don't you keep grazing? | olotlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep grazing? | bizotlab turmaybızmı? otlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep grazing? | sizotlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep grazing? | alaotlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep grazing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlay turamaI am in the middle of grazing | senotlay turasayou are in the middle of grazing | olotlay turadıhe is in the middle of grazing | bizotlay turabızwe are in the middle of grazing | sizotlay turasızyou all are in the middle of grazing | alaotlay turadılathey are in the middle of grazing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of grazing | senotlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of grazing | olotlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of grazing | bizotlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of grazing | sizotlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of grazing | alaotlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of grazing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlay turamamı? otlay turamıma?am I in the middle of grazing? | senotlay turamısa?are you in the middle of grazing? | olotlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of grazing? | bizotlay turabızmı? otlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of grazing? | sizotlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of grazing? | alaotlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of grazing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menotlay turmaymamı? otlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of grazing? | senotlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of grazing? | olotlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of grazing? | bizotlay turmaybızmı? otlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of grazing? | sizotlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of grazing? | alaotlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of grazing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menotladımI grazed | senotladıŋyou grazed | olotladıhe grazed | bizotladıqwe grazed | sizotladığızyou all grazed | alaotladılathey grazed |
| Simple past (definite) | menotlamadımI didn't graze | senotlamadıŋyou didn't graze | olotlamadıhe didn't graze | bizotlamadıqwe didn't graze | sizotlamadığızyou all didn't graze | alaotlamadılathey didn't graze |
| Simple past (definite) | menotladımmı?did I graze? | senotladıŋmı?did you graze? | olotladımı?did he graze? | bizotladıqmı?did we graze? | sizotladığızmı?did you all graze? | alaotladılamı?did they graze? |
| Simple past (definite) | menotlamadımmı?didn't I graze? | senotlamadıŋmı?didn't you graze? | olotlamadımı?didn't he graze? | bizotlamadıqmı?didn't we graze? | sizotlamadığızmı?didn't you all graze? | alaotlamadılamı?didn't they graze? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlağanmaI have grazed | senotlağansayou have grazed | olotlağandıhe has grazed | bizotlağanbızwe have grazed | sizotlağansızyou all have grazed | alaotlağandılathey have grazed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlamağanmaI haven't grazed | senotlamağansayou haven't grazed | olotlamağandıhe hasn't grazed | bizotlamağanbızwe haven't grazed | sizotlamağansızyou all haven't grazed | alaotlamağandılathey haven't grazed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlağanmamı? otlağanmıma?have I grazed? | senotlağanmısa?have you grazed? | olotlağanmıdı?has he grazed? | bizotlağanbızmı? otlağanmıbız?have we grazed? | sizotlağanmısız?have you all grazed? | alaotlağanmıdıla?have they grazed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menotlamağanmamı? otlamağanmıma?haven't I grazed? | senotlamağanmısa?haven't you grazed? | olotlamağanmıdı?hasn't he grazed? | bizotlamağanbızmı? otlamağanmıbız?haven't we grazed? | sizotlamağanmısız?haven't you all grazed? | alaotlamağanmıdıla?haven't they grazed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menotlab turdumI kept grazing | senotlab turduŋyou kept grazing | olotlab turduhe kept grazing | bizotlab turduqwe kept grazing | sizotlab turduğuzyou all kept grazing | alaotlab turdulathey kept grazing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menotlab turmadımI didn't keep grazing | senotlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep grazing | olotlab turmadıhe didn't keep grazing | bizotlab turmadıqwe didn't keep grazing | sizotlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep grazing | alaotlab turmadılathey didn't keep grazing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlarmaI will graze | senotlarsayou will graze | olotlarhe will graze | bizotlarbızwe will graze | sizotlarsızyou all will graze | alaotlarlathey will graze |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlamazmaI won't graze | senotlamazsayou won't graze | olotlamazhe won't graze | bizotlamazbızwe won't graze | sizotlamazsızyou all won't graze | alaotlamazlathey won't graze |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlarmamı? otlarmıma?will I graze? | senotlarmısa?will you graze? | olotlarmı?will he graze? | bizotlarbızmı? otlarmıbız?will we graze? | sizotlarmısız?will you all graze? | alaotlarlamı? otlarmıla?will they graze? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menotlamazmamı? otlamazmıma?won't I graze? | senotlamazmısa?won't you graze? | olotlamazmı?won't he graze? | bizotlamazbızmı? otlamazmıbız?won't we graze? | sizotlamazmısız?won't you all graze? | alaotlamazlamı? otlamazmıla?won't they graze? |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlarıqmaI am going to graze | senotlarıqsayou are going to graze | olotlarıqdıhe is going to graze | bizotlarıqbızwe are going to graze | sizotlarıqsızyou all are going to graze | alaotlarıqdılathey are going to graze |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlarıq tülmeI am not going to graze | senotlarıq tülseyou are not going to graze | olotlarıq tüldühe is not going to graze | bizotlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to graze | sizotlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to graze | alaotlarıq tüldülethey are not going to graze |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlarıqmamı? otlarıqmıma?am I going to graze? | senotlarıqmısa?are you going to graze? | olotlarıqmıdı?is he going to graze? | bizotlarıqbızmı? otlarıqmıbız?are we going to graze? | sizotlarıqmısız?are you all going to graze? | alaotlarıqmıdıla?are they going to graze? |
| Definite future (future II) | menotlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to graze? | senotlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to graze? | olotlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to graze? | bizotlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to graze? | sizotlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to graze? | alaotlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to graze? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menotlağan edimotlağanemI had grazed | senotlağan ediŋotlağaneŋyou had grazed | olotlağan ediotlağanedhe had grazed | bizotlağan edikotlağanekwe had grazed | sizotlağan edigizotlağanegizyou all had grazed | alaotlağan edileotlağanellethey had grazed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menotlamağan edimotlamağanemI hadn't grazed | senotlamağan ediŋotlamağaneŋyou hadn't grazed | olotlamağan ediotlamağanedhe hadn't grazed | bizotlamağan edikotlamağanekwe hadn't grazed | sizotlamağan edigizotlamağanegizyou all hadn't grazed | alaotlamağan edileotlamağanellethey hadn't grazed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menotlay edimotlayemI was grazing | senotlay ediŋotlayeŋyou were grazing | olotlay ediotlayedhe was grazing | bizotlay edikotlayekwe were grazing | sizotlay edigizotlayegizyou all were grazing | alaotlay edileotlayellethey were grazing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menotlamay edimotlamayemI wasn't grazing | senotlamay ediŋotlamayeŋyou weren't grazing | olotlamay ediotlamayedhe wasn't grazing | bizotlamay edikotlamayekwe weren't grazing | sizotlamay edigizotlamayegizyou all weren't grazing | alaotlamay edileotlamayellethey weren't grazing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menotlawçan edimotlawçanemI used to graze | senotlawçan ediŋotlawçaneŋyou used to graze | olotlawçan ediotlawçanedhe used to graze | bizotlawçan edikotlawçanekwe used to graze | sizotlawçan edigizotlawçanegizyou all used to graze | alaotlawçan edileotlawçanellethey used to graze |
| Habitual past (used to) | menotlamawçan edimotlamawçanemI didn't use to graze | senotlamawçan ediŋotlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to graze | olotlamawçan ediotlamawçanedhe didn't use to graze | bizotlamawçan edikotlamawçanekwe didn't use to graze | sizotlamawçan edigizotlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to graze | alaotlamawçan edileotlamawçanellethey didn't use to graze |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olotlab edihe had grazed and remained so | alaotlab edilethey had grazed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olotlab tül edihe hadn't grazed | alaotlab tül edilethey hadn't grazed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menotlab tura edimotlab turaemI had kept grazing | senotlab tura ediŋotlab turaeŋyou had kept grazing | olotlab tura ediotlab turaedhe had kept grazing | bizotlab tura edikotlab turaekwe had kept grazing | sizotlab tura edigizotlab turaegizyou all had kept grazing | alaotlab tura edileotlab turaellethey had kept grazing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menotlab turmay edimotlab turmayemI hadn't kept grazing | senotlab turmay ediŋotlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept grazing | olotlab turmay ediotlab turmayedhe hadn't kept grazing | bizotlab turmay edikotlab turmayekwe hadn't kept grazing | sizotlab turmay edigizotlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept grazing | alaotlab turmay edileotlab turmayellethey hadn't kept grazing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menotlay tura edimotlay turaemI was in the middle of grazing | senotlay tura ediŋotlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of grazing | olotlay tura ediotlay turaedhe was in the middle of grazing | bizotlay tura edikotlay turaekwe were in the middle of grazing | sizotlay tura edigizotlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of grazing | alaotlay tura edileotlay turaellethey were in the middle of grazing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menotlay turmay edimotlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of grazing | senotlay turmay ediŋotlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of grazing | olotlay turmay ediotlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of grazing | bizotlay turmay edikotlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of grazing | sizotlay turmay edigizotlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of grazing | alaotlay turmay edileotlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of grazing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menotlar edimotlar emI would graze | senotlar ediŋotlar eŋyou would graze | olotlar ediotlar edhe would graze | bizotlar edikotlar ekwe would graze | sizotlar edigizotlar egizyou all would graze | alaotlar edileotlar ellethey would graze |
| Conditional result (would) | menotlamaz edimotlamaz emI wouldn't graze | senotlamaz ediŋotlamaz eŋyou wouldn't graze | olotlamaz ediotlamaz edhe wouldn't graze | bizotlamaz edikotlamaz ekwe wouldn't graze | sizotlamaz edigizotlamaz egizyou all wouldn't graze | alaotlamaz edileotlamaz ellethey wouldn't graze |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menotlarıq edimotlarıq emI would have grazed | senotlarıq ediŋotlarıq eŋyou would have grazed | olotlarıq ediotlarıq edhe would have grazed | bizotlarıq edikotlarıq ekwe would have grazed | sizotlarıq edigizotlarıq egizyou all would have grazed | alaotlarıq edileotlarıq ellethey would have grazed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menotlarıq tül edimotlarıq tül emI wouldn't have grazed | senotlarıq tül ediŋotlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have grazed | olotlarıq tül ediotlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have grazed | bizotlarıq tül edikotlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have grazed | sizotlarıq tül edigizotlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have grazed | alaotlarıq tül edileotlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have grazed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menotlasamif I graze | senotlasaŋif you graze | olotlasaif he grazes | bizotlasaqif we graze | sizotlasağızif you all graze | alaotlasalaif they graze |
| Conditional | menotlamasamif I don't graze | senotlamasaŋif you don't graze | olotlamasaif he doesn't graze | bizotlamasaqif we don't graze | sizotlamasağızif you all don't graze | alaotlamasalaif they don't graze |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menotlay esemif I am grazing | senotlay eseŋif you are grazing | olotlay eseif he is grazing | bizotlay esekif we are grazing | sizotlay esegizif you all are grazing | alaotlay eseleif they are grazing |
| Conditional, present real | menotlamay esemif I am not grazing | senotlamay eseŋif you are not grazing | olotlamay eseif he is not grazing | bizotlamay esekif we are not grazing | sizotlamay esegizif you all are not grazing | alaotlamay eseleif they are not grazing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menotlasam ediotlasam edif only I grazed | senotlasaŋ ediotlasaŋ edif only you grazed | olotlasa ediotlasaedif only he grazed | bizotlasaq ediotlasaq edif only we grazed | sizotlasağız ediotlasağız edif only you all grazed | alaotlasala ediotlasalaedif only they grazed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menotlamasam ediotlamasam edif only I didn't graze | senotlamasaŋ ediotlamasaŋ edif only you didn't graze | olotlamasa ediotlamasaedif only he didn't graze | bizotlamasaq ediotlamasaq edif only we didn't graze | sizotlamasağız ediotlamasağız edif only you all didn't graze | alaotlamasala ediotlamasalaedif only they didn't graze |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menotlab tursamif I carry on grazing | senotlab tursaŋif you carry on grazing | olotlab tursaif he carries on grazing | bizotlab tursaqif we carry on grazing | sizotlab tursağızif you all carry on grazing | alaotlab tursalaif they carry on grazing |
| Durative conditional | menotlab turmasamif I don't carry on grazing | senotlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on grazing | olotlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on grazing | bizotlab turmasaqif we don't carry on grazing | sizotlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on grazing | alaotlab turmasalaif they don't carry on grazing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menotlab tura esemif I have kept grazing | senotlab tura eseŋif you have kept grazing | olotlab tura eseif he has kept grazing | bizotlab tura esekif we have kept grazing | sizotlab tura esegizif you all have kept grazing | alaotlab tura eseleif they have kept grazing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menotlab turmay esemif I haven't kept grazing | senotlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept grazing | olotlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept grazing | bizotlab turmay esekif we haven't kept grazing | sizotlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept grazing | alaotlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept grazing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menotlay tursamif I keep grazing | senotlay tursaŋif you keep grazing | olotlay tursaif he keeps grazing | bizotlay tursaqif we keep grazing | sizotlay tursağızif you all keep grazing | alaotlay tursalaif they keep grazing |
| Progressive conditional | menotlamay tursamif I keep on not grazing | senotlamay tursaŋif you keep on not grazing | olotlamay tursaif he keeps on not grazing | bizotlamay tursaqif we keep on not grazing | sizotlamay tursağızif you all keep on not grazing | alaotlamay tursalaif they keep on not grazing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menotlay tura esemif I am in the middle of grazing | senotlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of grazing | olotlay tura eseif he is in the middle of grazing | bizotlay tura esekif we are in the middle of grazing | sizotlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of grazing | alaotlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of grazing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menotlamay tura esemif I keep on not grazing | senotlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not grazing | olotlamay tura eseif he keeps on not grazing | bizotlamay tura esekif we keep on not grazing | sizotlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not grazing | alaotlamay tura eseleif they keep on not grazing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menotladım esemif I grazed | senotladıŋ eseŋif you grazed | olotladı eseif he grazed | bizotladıq esekif we grazed | sizotladığız esegizif you all grazed | alaotladıla eseleif they grazed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menotlamadım esemif I didn't graze | senotlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't graze | olotlamadı eseif he didn't graze | bizotlamadıq esekif we didn't graze | sizotlamadığız esegizif you all didn't graze | alaotlamadıla eseleif they didn't graze |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menotlağan esemif I did graze (indeed) | senotlağan eseŋif you did graze (indeed) | olotlağan eseif he did graze (indeed) | bizotlağan esekif we did graze (indeed) | sizotlağan esegizif you all did graze (indeed) | alaotlağan eseleif they did graze (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menotlamağan esemif I didn't graze (indeed) | senotlamağan eseŋif you didn't graze (indeed) | olotlamağan eseif he didn't graze (indeed) | bizotlamağan esekif we didn't graze (indeed) | sizotlamağan esegizif you all didn't graze (indeed) | alaotlamağan eseleif they didn't graze (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menotlağan bolsamif I had grazed | senotlağan bolsaŋif you had grazed | olotlağan bolsaif he had grazed | bizotlağan bolsaqif we had grazed | sizotlağan bolsağızif you all had grazed | alaotlağan bolsalaif they had grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menotlamağan bolsamif I hadn't grazed | senotlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't grazed | olotlamağan bolsaif he hadn't grazed | bizotlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't grazed | sizotlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't grazed | alaotlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't grazed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menotlağan bolsam ediotlağan bolsam edif only I had grazed | senotlağan bolsaŋ ediotlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had grazed | olotlağan bolsa ediotlağan bolsaedif only he had grazed | bizotlağan bolsaq ediotlağan bolsaq edif only we had grazed | sizotlağan bolsağız ediotlağan bolsağız edif only you all had grazed | alaotlağan bolsala ediotlağan bolsalaedif only they had grazed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menotlamağan bolsam ediotlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't grazed | senotlamağan bolsaŋ ediotlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't grazed | olotlamağan bolsa ediotlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't grazed | bizotlamağan bolsaq ediotlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't grazed | sizotlamağan bolsağız ediotlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't grazed | alaotlamağan bolsala ediotlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't grazed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menotlar esemif I will graze | senotlar eseŋif you will graze | olotlar eseif he will graze | bizotlar esekif we will graze | sizotlar esegizif you all will graze | alaotlar eseleif they will graze |
| Conditional, aorist | menotlamaz esemif I won't graze | senotlamaz eseŋif you won't graze | olotlamaz eseif he won't graze | bizotlamaz esekif we won't graze | sizotlamaz esegizif you all won't graze | alaotlamaz eseleif they won't graze |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menotlarıq esemif I am going to graze | senotlarıq eseŋif you are going to graze | olotlarıq eseif he is going to graze | bizotlarıq esekif we are going to graze | sizotlarıq esegizif you all are going to graze | alaotlarıq eseleif they are going to graze |
| Conditional, future | menotlarıq tül esemif I am not going to graze | senotlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to graze | olotlarıq tül eseif he is not going to graze | bizotlarıq tül esekif we are not going to graze | sizotlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to graze | alaotlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to graze |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menotlarıq bolsamif I were going to graze | senotlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to graze | olotlarıq bolsaif he were going to graze | bizotlarıq bolsaqif we were going to graze | sizotlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to graze | alaotlarıq bolsalaif they were going to graze |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menotlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to graze | senotlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to graze | olotlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to graze | bizotlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to graze | sizotlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to graze | alaotlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to graze |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso otladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menotlay bolurmaI must be grazing | senotlay bolursayou must be grazing | olotlay bolurhe must be grazing | bizotlay bolurbuzwe must be grazing | sizotlay bolursuzyou all must be grazing | alaotlay bolurlathey must be grazing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menotlamay bolurmaI must not be grazing | senotlamay bolursayou must not be grazing | olotlamay bolurhe must not be grazing | bizotlamay bolurbuzwe must not be grazing | sizotlamay bolursuzyou all must not be grazing | alaotlamay bolurlathey must not be grazing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menotlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of grazing | senotlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of grazing | olotlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of grazing | bizotlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of grazing | sizotlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of grazing | alaotlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of grazing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menotlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not grazing | senotlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not grazing | olotlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not grazing | bizotlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not grazing | sizotlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not grazing | alaotlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not grazing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menotlağan bolurmaI must have grazed | senotlağan bolursayou must have grazed | olotlağan bolurhe must have grazed | bizotlağan bolurbuzwe must have grazed | sizotlağan bolursuzyou all must have grazed | alaotlağan bolurlathey must have grazed |
| Inference (must have) | menotlamağan bolurmaI must not have grazed | senotlamağan bolursayou must not have grazed | olotlamağan bolurhe must not have grazed | bizotlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have grazed | sizotlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have grazed | alaotlamağan bolurlathey must not have grazed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menotlarıq bolurmaI must be going to graze | senotlarıq bolursayou must be going to graze | olotlarıq bolurhe must be going to graze | bizotlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to graze | sizotlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to graze | alaotlarıq bolurlathey must be going to graze |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menotlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to graze | senotlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to graze | olotlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to graze | bizotlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to graze | sizotlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to graze | alaotlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to graze |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menotlayımlet me graze | senotla!graze! | olotlasınlet him graze | bizotlayıqlet's graze | sizotlağız!graze, you all! | alaotlasınlalet them graze |
| Commands & suggestions | menotlamayımlet me not graze | senotlama!don't graze! | olotlamasınlet him not graze | bizotlamayıqlet's not graze | sizotlamağız!don't graze, you all! | alaotlamasınlalet them not graze |
| Commands & suggestions | menotlayımmı?shall I graze? | olotlasınmı?should he graze? | bizotlayıqmı?shall we graze? | alaotlasınlamı?should they graze? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menotlamayımmı?shall I not graze? | olotlamasınmı?should he not graze? | bizotlamayıqmı?shall we not graze? | alaotlamasınlamı?should they not graze? | ||
| Requests | senotlaçı2otlaçınplease graze | olotlasınçıdo let him graze | sizotlaçığızplease graze (plural/polite) | alaotlasınlaçıdo let them graze | ||
| Requests | senotlamaçı2otlamaçınplease don't graze | olotlamasınçıdo let him not graze | sizotlamaçığızplease don't graze (plural/polite) | alaotlamasınlaçıdo let them not graze | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senotlağınotlağımay you graze | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senotlamağınotlamağımay you not graze | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menotlağay edim otlağa edimwould that I grazed | senotlağay ediŋ otlağa ediŋwould that you grazed | olotlağay edi otlağa ediwould that he grazed | bizotlağay edik otlağa edikwould that we grazed | sizotlağay edigiz otlağa edigizwould that you all grazed | alaotlağay edile otlağa edilewould that they grazed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menotlamağay edim otlamağa edimwould that I did not graze | senotlamağay ediŋ otlamağa ediŋwould that you did not graze | olotlamağay edi otlamağa ediwould that he did not graze | bizotlamağay edik otlamağa edikwould that we did not graze | sizotlamağay edigiz otlamağa edigizwould that you all did not graze | alaotlamağay edile otlamağa edilewould that they did not graze |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlamağa qoyayımotlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to graze | senotlamağa qoy!otlama qoy!let someone graze! | olotlamağa qoysunotlama qoysunlet him allow someone to graze | bizotlamağa qoyayıqotlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to graze | sizotlamağa qoyuğuz!otlama qoyuğuz!let someone graze, you all! | alaotlamağa qoysunlaotlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlamağa qoymayımotlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to graze | senotlamağa qoyma!otlama qoyma!don't let someone graze! | olotlamağa qoymasınotlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to graze | bizotlamağa qoymayıqotlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to graze | sizotlamağa qoymağız!otlama qoymağız!don't let someone graze, you all! | alaotlamağa qoymasınlaotlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlamağa qoyayımmı?otlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to graze? | olotlamağa qoysunmu?otlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to graze? | bizotlamağa qoyayıqmı?otlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to graze? | alaotlamağa qoysunlamı?otlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to graze? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menotlamağa qoymayımmı?otlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to graze? | olotlamağa qoymasınmı?otlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to graze? | bizotlamağa qoymayıqmı?otlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to graze? | alaotlamağa qoymasınlamı?otlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to graze? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menotlamağa qoyamaotlama qoyamaI allow someone to graze | senotlamağa qoyasaotlama qoyasayou allow someone to graze | olotlamağa qoyadıotlama qoyadıhe allows someone to graze | bizotlamağa qoyabızotlama qoyabızwe allow someone to graze | sizotlamağa qoyasızotlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to graze | alaotlamağa qoyadılaotlama qoyadılathey allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (present) | menotlamağa qoymaymaotlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to graze | senotlamağa qoymaysaotlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to graze | olotlamağa qoymaydıotlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to graze | bizotlamağa qoymaybızotlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to graze | sizotlamağa qoymaysızotlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to graze | alaotlamağa qoymaydılaotlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (present) | menotlamağa qoyamamı?otlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to graze? | senotlamağa qoyamısa?otlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to graze? | olotlamağa qoyamıdı?otlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to graze? | bizotlamağa qoyabızmı?otlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to graze? | sizotlamağa qoyamısız?otlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlamağa qoyamıdıla?otlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to graze? |
| Let someone… (present) | menotlamağa qoymaymamı?otlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to graze? | senotlamağa qoymaymısa?otlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to graze? | olotlamağa qoymaymıdı?otlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to graze? | bizotlamağa qoymaybızmı?otlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to graze? | sizotlamağa qoymaymısız?otlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlamağa qoymaymıdıla?otlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to graze? |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlamağa qoydumotlama qoydumI allowed someone to graze | senotlamağa qoyduŋotlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to graze | olotlamağa qoyduotlama qoyduhe allowed someone to graze | bizotlamağa qoyduqotlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to graze | sizotlamağa qoyduğuzotlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to graze | alaotlamağa qoydulaotlama qoydulathey allowed someone to graze |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlamağa qoymadımotlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to graze | senotlamağa qoymadıŋotlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to graze | olotlamağa qoymadıotlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to graze | bizotlamağa qoymadıqotlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to graze | sizotlamağa qoymadığızotlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to graze | alaotlamağa qoymadılaotlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to graze |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlamağa qoydummu?otlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to graze? | senotlamağa qoyduŋmu?otlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to graze? | olotlamağa qoydumu?otlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to graze? | bizotlamağa qoyduqmu?otlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to graze? | sizotlamağa qoyduğuzmu?otlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlamağa qoydulamı?otlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to graze? |
| Let someone… (past) | menotlamağa qoymadımmı?otlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to graze? | senotlamağa qoymadıŋmı?otlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to graze? | olotlamağa qoymadımı?otlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to graze? | bizotlamağa qoymadıqmı?otlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to graze? | sizotlamağa qoymadığızmı?otlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to graze? | alaotlamağa qoymadılamı?otlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to graze? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
otlayalırğa be able to graze · otlayalmazğa be unable to graze
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menotlayalamaI can graze | senotlayalasayou can graze | olotlayaladıhe can graze | bizotlayalabızwe can graze | sizotlayalasızyou all can graze | alaotlayaladılathey can graze |
| Ability — present | menotlayalmaymaI can't graze | senotlayalmaysayou can't graze | olotlayalmaydıhe can't graze | bizotlayalmaybızwe can't graze | sizotlayalmaysızyou all can't graze | alaotlayalmaydılathey can't graze |
| Ability — present | menotlayalamamı? otlayalamıma?can I graze? | senotlayalamısa?can you graze? | olotlayalamıdı?can he graze? | bizotlayalabızmı? otlayalamıbız?can we graze? | sizotlayalamısız?can you all graze? | alaotlayalamıdıla?can they graze? |
| Ability — present | menotlayalmaymamı? otlayalmaymıma?can't I graze? | senotlayalmaymısa?can't you graze? | olotlayalmaymıdı?can't he graze? | bizotlayalmaybızmı? otlayalmaymıbız?can't we graze? | sizotlayalmaymısız?can't you all graze? | alaotlayalmaymıdıla?can't they graze? |
| Ability — if I can… | menotlayalsamif I can graze | senotlayalsaŋif you can graze | olotlayalsaif he can graze | bizotlayalsaqif we can graze | sizotlayalsağızif you all can graze | alaotlayalsalaif they can graze |
| Ability — if I can… | menotlayalmasamif I can't graze | senotlayalmasaŋif you can't graze | olotlayalmasaif he can't graze | bizotlayalmasaqif we can't graze | sizotlayalmasağızif you all can't graze | alaotlayalmasalaif they can't graze |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menotlayaldımI was able to graze | senotlayaldıŋyou were able to graze | olotlayaldıhe was able to graze | bizotlayaldıqwe were able to graze | sizotlayaldığızyou all were able to graze | alaotlayaldılathey were able to graze |
| Ability — simple past | menotlayalmadımI could not graze | senotlayalmadıŋyou could not graze | olotlayalmadıhe could not graze | bizotlayalmadıqwe could not graze | sizotlayalmadığızyou all could not graze | alaotlayalmadılathey could not graze |
| Ability — simple past | menotlayaldımmı?was I able to graze? | senotlayaldıŋmı?were you able to graze? | olotlayaldımı?was he able to graze? | bizotlayaldıqmı?were we able to graze? | sizotlayaldığızmı?were you all able to graze? | alaotlayaldılamı?were they able to graze? |
| Ability — simple past | menotlayalmadımmı?couldn't I graze? | senotlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you graze? | olotlayalmadımı?couldn't he graze? | bizotlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we graze? | sizotlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all graze? | alaotlayalmadılamı?couldn't they graze? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlayalğanmaI have been able to graze | senotlayalğansayou have been able to graze | olotlayalğandıhe has been able to graze | bizotlayalğanbızwe have been able to graze | sizotlayalğansızyou all have been able to graze | alaotlayalğandılathey have been able to graze |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to graze | senotlayalmağansayou haven't been able to graze | olotlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to graze | bizotlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to graze | sizotlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to graze | alaotlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to graze |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlayalğanmamı? otlayalğanmıma?have I been able to graze? | senotlayalğanmısa?have you been able to graze? | olotlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to graze? | bizotlayalğanbızmı? otlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to graze? | sizotlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to graze? | alaotlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to graze? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menotlayalmağanmamı? otlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to graze? | senotlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to graze? | olotlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to graze? | bizotlayalmağanbızmı? otlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to graze? | sizotlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to graze? | alaotlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to graze? |
| Ability — past perfect | menotlayalğan edimotlayalğanemI had been able to graze | senotlayalğan ediŋotlayalğaneŋyou had been able to graze | olotlayalğan ediotlayalğanedhe had been able to graze | bizotlayalğan edikotlayalğanekwe had been able to graze | sizotlayalğan edigizotlayalğanegizyou all had been able to graze | alaotlayalğan edileotlayalğanellethey had been able to graze |
| Ability — past perfect | menotlayalmağan edimotlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to graze | senotlayalmağan ediŋotlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to graze | olotlayalmağan ediotlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to graze | bizotlayalmağan edikotlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to graze | sizotlayalmağan edigizotlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to graze | alaotlayalmağan edileotlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to graze |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menotlayala edimotlayalaemI could graze | senotlayala ediŋotlayalaeŋyou could graze | olotlayala ediotlayalaedhe could graze | bizotlayala edikotlayalaekwe could graze | sizotlayala edigizotlayalaegizyou all could graze | alaotlayala edileotlayalaellethey could graze |
| Ability — past background | menotlayalmay edimotlayalmayemI could not graze | senotlayalmay ediŋotlayalmayeŋyou could not graze | olotlayalmay ediotlayalmayedhe could not graze | bizotlayalmay edikotlayalmayekwe could not graze | sizotlayalmay edigizotlayalmayegizyou all could not graze | alaotlayalmay edileotlayalmayellethey could not graze |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menotlayalırmaI will be able to graze | senotlayalırsayou will be able to graze | olotlayalırhe will be able to graze | bizotlayalırbızwe will be able to graze | sizotlayalırsızyou all will be able to graze | alaotlayalırlathey will be able to graze |
| Ability — future I | menotlayalmazmaI won't be able to graze | senotlayalmazsayou won't be able to graze | olotlayalmazhe won't be able to graze | bizotlayalmazbızwe won't be able to graze | sizotlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to graze | alaotlayalmazlathey won't be able to graze |
| Ability — future I | menotlayalırmamı? otlayalırmıma?will I be able to graze? | senotlayalırmısa?will you be able to graze? | olotlayalırmı?will he be able to graze? | bizotlayalırbızmı? otlayalırmıbız?will we be able to graze? | sizotlayalırmısız?will you all be able to graze? | alaotlayalırlamı? otlayalırmıla?will they be able to graze? |
| Ability — future I | menotlayalmazmamı? otlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to graze? | senotlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to graze? | olotlayalmazmı?won't he be able to graze? | bizotlayalmazbızmı? otlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to graze? | sizotlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to graze? | alaotlayalmazlamı? otlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to graze? |
| Ability — future II | menotlayallıqmaI am going to be able to graze | senotlayallıqsayou are going to be able to graze | olotlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to graze | bizotlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to graze | sizotlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to graze | alaotlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to graze |
| Ability — future II | menotlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to graze | senotlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to graze | olotlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to graze | bizotlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to graze | sizotlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to graze | alaotlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to graze |
| Ability — future II | menotlayallıqmamı? otlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to graze? | senotlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to graze? | olotlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to graze? | bizotlayallıqbızmı? otlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to graze? | sizotlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to graze? | alaotlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to graze? |
| Ability — future II | menotlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to graze? | senotlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to graze? | olotlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to graze? | bizotlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to graze? | sizotlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to graze? | alaotlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to graze? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menotlayalır edimotlayalır emI would be able to graze | senotlayalır ediŋotlayalır eŋyou would be able to graze | olotlayalır ediotlayalır edhe would be able to graze | bizotlayalır edikotlayalır ekwe would be able to graze | sizotlayalır edigizotlayalır egizyou all would be able to graze | alaotlayalır edileotlayalır ellethey would be able to graze |
| Ability — would be able to… | menotlayalmaz edimotlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to graze | senotlayalmaz ediŋotlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to graze | olotlayalmaz ediotlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to graze | bizotlayalmaz edikotlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to graze | sizotlayalmaz edigizotlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to graze | alaotlayalmaz edileotlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to graze |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senotlayalğınotlayalğımay you be able to graze | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senotlayalmağınotlayalmağımay you not be able to graze | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menotlarğa izleymeI want to graze | senotlarğa izleyseyou want to graze | olotlarğa izleydihe wants to graze | bizotlarğa izleybizwe want to graze | sizotlarğa izleysizyou all want to graze | alaotlarğa izleydilethey want to graze |
| want to | menotlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to graze | senotlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to graze | olotlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to graze | bizotlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to graze | sizotlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to graze | alaotlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to graze |
| would like to | menotlarğa süemeI would like to graze | senotlarğa süeseyou would like to graze | olotlarğa süedihe would like to graze | bizotlarğa süebizwe would like to graze | sizotlarğa süesizyou all would like to graze | alaotlarğa süedilethey would like to graze |
| would like to | menotlarğa süymeymeI would not like to graze | senotlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to graze | olotlarğa süymeydihe would not like to graze | bizotlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to graze | sizotlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to graze | alaotlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to graze |
| hope to | menotlarğa umutlanamaI hope to graze | senotlarğa umutlanasayou hope to graze | olotlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to graze | bizotlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to graze | sizotlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to graze | alaotlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to graze |
| hope to | menotlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to graze | senotlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to graze | olotlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to graze | bizotlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to graze | sizotlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to graze | alaotlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to graze |
| be about to | menotlarğa deb turamaI am about to graze | senotlarğa deb turasayou are about to graze | olotlarğa deb turadıhe is about to graze | bizotlarğa deb turabızwe are about to graze | sizotlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to graze | alaotlarğa deb turadılathey are about to graze |
| be about to | menotlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to graze | senotlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to graze | olotlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to graze | bizotlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to graze | sizotlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to graze | alaotlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to graze |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menotlarğa kerekmeI need to graze | senotlarğa kerekseyou need to graze | olotlarğa kerekdihe needs to graze | bizotlarğa kerekbizwe need to graze | sizotlarğa kereksizyou all need to graze | alaotlarğa kerekdilethey need to graze |
| need to | menotlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to graze | senotlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to graze | olotlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to graze | bizotlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to graze | sizotlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to graze | alaotlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to graze |
| have to | menmenŋe otlarğa tüşediI have to graze | sensenŋe otlarğa tüşediyou have to graze | olaŋa otlarğa tüşedihe has to graze | bizbizge otlarğa tüşediwe have to graze | sizsizge otlarğa tüşediyou all have to graze | alaalağa otlarğa tüşedithey have to graze |
| have to | menmenŋe otlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to graze | sensenŋe otlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to graze | olaŋa otlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to graze | bizbizge otlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to graze | sizsizge otlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to graze | alaalağa otlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to graze |
| be obliged to | menotlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to graze | senotlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to graze | olotlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to graze | bizotlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to graze | sizotlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to graze | alaotlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to graze |
| be obliged to | menotlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to graze | senotlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to graze | olotlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to graze | bizotlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to graze | sizotlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to graze | alaotlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to graze |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menotlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to graze | senotlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to graze | olotlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to graze | bizotlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to graze | sizotlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to graze | alaotlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to graze |
| have a way to | menotlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to graze | senotlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to graze | olotlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to graze | bizotlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to graze | sizotlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to graze | alaotlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to graze |
| be free to | menotlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to graze | senotlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to graze | olotlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to graze | bizotlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to graze | sizotlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to graze | alaotlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to graze |
| be free to | menotlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to graze | senotlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to graze | olotlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to graze | bizotlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to graze | sizotlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to graze | alaotlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to graze |
| be possible to | menmenŋe otlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to graze | sensenŋe otlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to graze | olaŋa otlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to graze | bizbizge otlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to graze | sizsizge otlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to graze | alaalağa otlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to graze |
| be possible to | menmenŋe otlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to graze | sensenŋe otlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to graze | olaŋa otlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to graze | bizbizge otlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to graze | sizsizge otlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to graze | alaalağa otlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to graze |
| be ready to | menotlarğa hazırmaI am ready to graze | senotlarğa hazırsayou are ready to graze | olotlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to graze | bizotlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to graze | sizotlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to graze | alaotlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to graze |
| be ready to | menotlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to graze | senotlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to graze | olotlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to graze | bizotlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to graze | sizotlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to graze | alaotlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to graze |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menotlarğa küreşemeI am trying to graze | senotlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to graze | olotlarğa küreşedihe is trying to graze | bizotlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to graze | sizotlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to graze | alaotlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to graze |
| try to | menotlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to graze | senotlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to graze | olotlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to graze | bizotlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to graze | sizotlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to graze | alaotlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to graze |
| agree to | menotlarğa unaymaI agree to graze | senotlarğa unaysayou agree to graze | olotlarğa unaydıhe agrees to graze | bizotlarğa unaybızwe agree to graze | sizotlarğa unaysızyou all agree to graze | alaotlarğa unaydılathey agree to graze |
| agree to | menotlarğa unamaymaI refuse to graze | senotlarğa unamaysayou refuse to graze | olotlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to graze | bizotlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to graze | sizotlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to graze | alaotlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to graze |
| hurry to | menotlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to graze | senotlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to graze | olotlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to graze | bizotlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to graze | sizotlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to graze | alaotlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to graze |
| hurry to | menotlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to graze | senotlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to graze | olotlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to graze | bizotlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to graze | sizotlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to graze | alaotlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to graze |
| be afraid to | menotlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to graze | senotlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to graze | olotlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to graze | bizotlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to graze | sizotlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to graze | alaotlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to graze |
| be afraid to | menotlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to graze | senotlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to graze | olotlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to graze | bizotlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to graze | sizotlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to graze | alaotlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to graze |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menotlay bolmazmaI can't be grazing | senotlay bolmazsayou can't be grazing | olotlay bolmazhe can't be grazing | bizotlay bolmazbızwe can't be grazing | sizotlay bolmazsızyou all can't be grazing | alaotlay bolmazlathey can't be grazing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menotlamay bolmazmaI must be grazing (emphatic) | senotlamay bolmazsayou must be grazing (emphatic) | olotlamay bolmazhe must be grazing (emphatic) | bizotlamay bolmazbızwe must be grazing (emphatic) | sizotlamay bolmazsızyou all must be grazing (emphatic) | alaotlamay bolmazlathey must be grazing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menotlay turmasamif I don't keep grazing | senotlay turmasaŋif you don't keep grazing | olotlay turmasaif he doesn't keep grazing | bizotlay turmasaqif we don't keep grazing | sizotlay turmasağızif you all don't keep grazing | alaotlay turmasalaif they don't keep grazing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menotlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of grazing | senotlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of grazing | olotlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of grazing | bizotlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of grazing | sizotlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of grazing | alaotlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of grazing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menotlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | senotlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | olotlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | bizotlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | sizotlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not grazing (emphatic) | alaotlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not grazing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menotlamay turamaI keep on not grazing | senotlamay turasayou keep on not grazing | olotlamay turadıhe keeps on not grazing | bizotlamay turabızwe keep on not grazing | sizotlamay turasızyou all keep on not grazing | alaotlamay turadılathey keep on not grazing |
| Progressive — double negation | menotlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not grazing | senotlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not grazing | olotlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not grazing | bizotlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not grazing | sizotlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not grazing | alaotlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not grazing |
| Progressive — double negation | menotlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not grazing? | senotlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not grazing? | olotlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not grazing? | bizotlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not grazing? | sizotlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not grazing? | alaotlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not grazing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menotlağan bolmazmaI can't have grazed | senotlağan bolmazsayou can't have grazed | olotlağan bolmazhe can't have grazed | bizotlağan bolmazbızwe can't have grazed | sizotlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have grazed | alaotlağan bolmazlathey can't have grazed |
| Inference — double negation | menotlamağan bolmazmaI must have grazed (emphatic) | senotlamağan bolmazsayou must have grazed (emphatic) | olotlamağan bolmazhe must have grazed (emphatic) | bizotlamağan bolmazbızwe must have grazed (emphatic) | sizotlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have grazed (emphatic) | alaotlamağan bolmazlathey must have grazed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menotlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had grazed | senotlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had grazed | olotlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had grazed | bizotlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had grazed | sizotlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had grazed | alaotlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had grazed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menotlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't grazed | senotlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't grazed | olotlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't grazed | bizotlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't grazed | sizotlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't grazed | alaotlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't grazed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menotlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to graze | senotlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to graze | olotlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to graze | bizotlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to graze | sizotlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to graze | alaotlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to graze |
| Inference, future — double negation | menotlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to graze (emphatic) | senotlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to graze (emphatic) | olotlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to graze (emphatic) | bizotlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to graze (emphatic) | sizotlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to graze (emphatic) | alaotlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to graze (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menotlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to graze | senotlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to graze | olotlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to graze | bizotlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to graze | sizotlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to graze | alaotlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to graze |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menotlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to graze | senotlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to graze | olotlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to graze | bizotlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to graze | sizotlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to graze | alaotlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to graze |