jıl
/dʒɯl/ · plural jılla
1. year — Before another noun it means yearly, annual. In the plural it also names a stretch of several years.
- eki jıl — two years
- ozğan jıl — last year
- jıl sayın — every year
- jarım jıl — half a year
- saw jılnı — the whole year round
- Jaŋı jıl bla! — Happy New Year!
- jılğa bir qoy berirge — to give one sheep a year
- aç jıl — a famine year
- jıl jıldan — from year to year
- jıldan bir — once a year
2. age, years of a person
- nença jıl bolğandı senŋe? — how old are you?
- jılı jetgen — one who has come of age
- jılı jetmegen — underage
- jılı jetgen qız — a girl of marriageable age
- jılı kelgen adam — a person well on in years
- askerge alınnıq jılı jetgendi — he has reached draft age
- anı jılı seni bla birdi — he is the same age as you
- anı jılları köbdüle — his years are many
3. decade (in the plural after an ordinal number, as in the thirties or the seventies) one source
- jetmişinçi jılla — the seventies
- otuzunçu jıllada — in the thirties
Expressions
- jılı jetgen — mature and experienced
- qoŋur jıl — time of calamity
- aydan-jıldan bir — once in a while
- it jıl — dog year
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jılthe year | jılımmy year | jılıŋyour year | jılıhis year | jılıbızour year | jılığızyou all's year | jıllarıtheir years |
| Genitive | jılnıthe year's | jılımımy year's | jılıŋıyour year's | jılınıhis year's | jılıbıznıour year's | jılığıznıyou all's year's | jıllarınıtheir years' |
| Accusative | jılnıthe year (as the object) | jılımımy year (as the object) | jılıŋıyour year (as the object) | jılınhis year (as the object) | jılıbıznıour year (as the object) | jılığıznıyou all's year (as the object) | jıllarıntheir years (as the object) |
| Dative | jılğato the year | jılımato my year | jılıŋato your year | jılınato his year | jılıbızğato our year | jılığızğato you all's year | jıllarınato their years |
| Locative | jıldain / at the year | jılımdain / at my year | jılıŋdain / at your year | jılındain / at his year | jılıbızdain / at our year | jılığızdain / at you all's year | jıllarındain / at their years |
| Ablative | jıldanfrom the year | jılımdanfrom my year | jılıŋdanfrom your year | jılındanfrom his year | jılıbızdanfrom our year | jılığızdanfrom you all's year | jıllarındanfrom their years |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jıllathe years | jıllarımmy years | jıllarıŋyour years | jıllarıhis years | jıllarıbızour years | jıllarığızyou all's years | jıllarıtheir years |
| Genitive | jıllanıthe years' | jıllarımımy years' | jıllarıŋıyour years' | jıllarınıhis years' | jıllarıbıznıour years' | jıllarığıznıyou all's years' | jıllarınıtheir years' |
| Accusative | jıllanıthe years (as the object) | jıllarımımy years (as the object) | jıllarıŋıyour years (as the object) | jıllarınhis years (as the object) | jıllarıbıznıour years (as the object) | jıllarığıznıyou all's years (as the object) | jıllarıntheir years (as the object) |
| Dative | jıllağato the years | jıllarımato my years | jıllarıŋato your years | jıllarınato his years | jıllarıbızğato our years | jıllarığızğato you all's years | jıllarınato their years |
| Locative | jılladain / at the years | jıllarımdain / at my years | jıllarıŋdain / at your years | jıllarındain / at his years | jıllarıbızdain / at our years | jıllarığızdain / at you all's years | jıllarındain / at their years |
| Ablative | jılladanfrom the years | jıllarımdanfrom my years | jıllarıŋdanfrom your years | jıllarındanfrom his years | jıllarıbızdanfrom our years | jıllarığızdanfrom you all's years | jıllarındanfrom their years |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jılları can mean "his / her years", "their year", or "their years" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.