juwarğa
/dʒuwarʁa/
1. wash, wash off, rinse
- kirin juwarğa — to wash the dirt off
- betqol juwarğa — to wash one's face and hands
- tiş juwarğa — to clean one's teeth
- başın juwarğa — to wash one's hair
2. launder, do the washing
- eski juwarğa — to wash the linen
- eski juwğan poroşok — washing powder
- juwarğa berirge — to give something to be washed
- juwub keterirge — to wash out
- kölegimi juwdum — I washed my shirt
3. bathe, give a bath to
- atnı juwdum — I bathed the horse
- sabiyni juwarğa — to bathe the child
- mallanı juwdula — they bathed the livestock
4. wash a body for burial
- ölüknü juwarğa — to wash the dead for burial
- ölüknü basdırırnı allında juwdula — they washed the body before the burial
- ölüknü juwub kebinledile — they washed the body and wrapped it in a shroud
5. pan, obtain by washing — Said of gold: köb altın juwarğa 'pan a lot of gold'.
- köb altın juwarğa — to pan a lot of gold
6. wash away, wear away, erode one source
- suw jağanı juwğandı — the water has washed the bank away
- jaŋur jolnu juwğandı — the rain has washed the road away
- sel topuraqnı juwdu — the mudflow washed the soil away
7. wet, water, soak one source
- jılı jaŋurla üslerin juwub — warm rains wetting them all over
- jaŋur jerni juwğandı — the rain has soaked the ground
8. wash away, wipe out, atone for — Said of a disgrace, a fault or a stain on someone's name.
- ayıbın juwarğa — to wash away his disgrace
- bedişligin juwarğa — to wipe out his shame
- tersligin juwub keterdi — he washed his fault away
9. celebrate with a drink, drink to an occasion — Said of marking a purchase, a new house or a piece of good news. one source
- jaŋı üynü juwarğa — to celebrate the new house with a drink
- quwançnı juwdula — they drank to the happy occasion
- satıwnu juwarğa — to celebrate the sale with a drink
Expressions
- awuzun juwarğa — give first water
- awuzun juwmazğa — go hungry
- awuzuŋu juw — don't jinx it
- qannı qan bla juwarğa — avenge blood with blood
Conjugation
Common forms
- juwadıhe is washing
- juwduhe washed
- juwğandıhe has washed
- juwarhe will wash
- juwarıqdıhe is going to wash
- juwa edihe was washing
- juwsaif he washes
- juw!wash!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuwamaI am washing | senjuwasayou are washing | oljuwadıhe is washing | bizjuwabızwe are washing | sizjuwasızyou all are washing | alajuwadılathey are washing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuwmaymaI am not washing | senjuwmaysayou are not washing | oljuwmaydıhe is not washing | bizjuwmaybızwe are not washing | sizjuwmaysızyou all are not washing | alajuwmaydılathey are not washing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuwamamı? juwamıma?am I washing? | senjuwamısa?are you washing? | oljuwamıdı?is he washing? | bizjuwabızmı? juwamıbız?are we washing? | sizjuwamısız?are you all washing? | alajuwamıdıla?are they washing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjuwmaymamı? juwmaymıma?aren't I washing? | senjuwmaymısa?aren't you washing? | oljuwmaymıdı?isn't he washing? | bizjuwmaybızmı? juwmaymıbız?aren't we washing? | sizjuwmaymısız?aren't you all washing? | alajuwmaymıdıla?aren't they washing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuwwçanmaI usually wash | senjuwwçansayou usually wash | oljuwwçandıhe usually washes | bizjuwwçanbızwe usually wash | sizjuwwçansızyou all usually wash | alajuwwçandılathey usually wash |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuwmawçanmaI usually don't wash | senjuwmawçansayou usually don't wash | oljuwmawçandıhe usually doesn't wash | bizjuwmawçanbızwe usually don't wash | sizjuwmawçansızyou all usually don't wash | alajuwmawçandılathey usually don't wash |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuwwçanmamı? juwwçanmıma?do I usually wash? | senjuwwçanmısa?do you usually wash? | oljuwwçanmıdı?does he usually wash? | bizjuwwçanbızmı? juwwçanmıbız?do we usually wash? | sizjuwwçanmısız?do you all usually wash? | alajuwwçanmıdıla?do they usually wash? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjuwmawçanmamı? juwmawçanmıma?do I usually not wash? | senjuwmawçanmısa?do you usually not wash? | oljuwmawçanmıdı?does he usually not wash? | bizjuwmawçanbızmı? juwmawçanmıbız?do we usually not wash? | sizjuwmawçanmısız?do you all usually not wash? | alajuwmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not wash? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljuwubduhe has washed and remains so | alajuwubdulathey have washed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljuwubmudu?has he washed? | alajuwubmudula?have they washed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuwub turamaI keep washing | senjuwub turasayou keep washing | oljuwub turadıhe keeps washing | bizjuwub turabızwe keep washing | sizjuwub turasızyou all keep washing | alajuwub turadılathey keep washing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuwub turmaymaI don't keep washing | senjuwub turmaysayou don't keep washing | oljuwub turmaydıhe doesn't keep washing | bizjuwub turmaybızwe don't keep washing | sizjuwub turmaysızyou all don't keep washing | alajuwub turmaydılathey don't keep washing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuwub turamamı? juwub turamıma?do I keep washing? | senjuwub turamısa?do you keep washing? | oljuwub turamıdı?does he keep washing? | bizjuwub turabızmı? juwub turamıbız?do we keep washing? | sizjuwub turamısız?do you all keep washing? | alajuwub turamıdıla?do they keep washing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjuwub turmaymamı? juwub turmaymıma?don't I keep washing? | senjuwub turmaymısa?don't you keep washing? | oljuwub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep washing? | bizjuwub turmaybızmı? juwub turmaymıbız?don't we keep washing? | sizjuwub turmaymısız?don't you all keep washing? | alajuwub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep washing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuwa turamaI am in the middle of washing | senjuwa turasayou are in the middle of washing | oljuwa turadıhe is in the middle of washing | bizjuwa turabızwe are in the middle of washing | sizjuwa turasızyou all are in the middle of washing | alajuwa turadılathey are in the middle of washing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuwa turmaymaI am not in the middle of washing | senjuwa turmaysayou are not in the middle of washing | oljuwa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of washing | bizjuwa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of washing | sizjuwa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of washing | alajuwa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of washing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuwa turamamı? juwa turamıma?am I in the middle of washing? | senjuwa turamısa?are you in the middle of washing? | oljuwa turamıdı?is he in the middle of washing? | bizjuwa turabızmı? juwa turamıbız?are we in the middle of washing? | sizjuwa turamısız?are you all in the middle of washing? | alajuwa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of washing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjuwa turmaymamı? juwa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of washing? | senjuwa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of washing? | oljuwa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of washing? | bizjuwa turmaybızmı? juwa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of washing? | sizjuwa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of washing? | alajuwa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of washing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuwdumI washed | senjuwduŋyou washed | oljuwduhe washed | bizjuwduqwe washed | sizjuwduğuzyou all washed | alajuwdulathey washed |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuwmadımI didn't wash | senjuwmadıŋyou didn't wash | oljuwmadıhe didn't wash | bizjuwmadıqwe didn't wash | sizjuwmadığızyou all didn't wash | alajuwmadılathey didn't wash |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuwdummu?did I wash? | senjuwduŋmu?did you wash? | oljuwdumu?did he wash? | bizjuwduqmu?did we wash? | sizjuwduğuzmu?did you all wash? | alajuwdulamı?did they wash? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjuwmadımmı?didn't I wash? | senjuwmadıŋmı?didn't you wash? | oljuwmadımı?didn't he wash? | bizjuwmadıqmı?didn't we wash? | sizjuwmadığızmı?didn't you all wash? | alajuwmadılamı?didn't they wash? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuwğanmaI have washed | senjuwğansayou have washed | oljuwğandıhe has washed | bizjuwğanbızwe have washed | sizjuwğansızyou all have washed | alajuwğandılathey have washed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuwmağanmaI haven't washed | senjuwmağansayou haven't washed | oljuwmağandıhe hasn't washed | bizjuwmağanbızwe haven't washed | sizjuwmağansızyou all haven't washed | alajuwmağandılathey haven't washed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuwğanmamı? juwğanmıma?have I washed? | senjuwğanmısa?have you washed? | oljuwğanmıdı?has he washed? | bizjuwğanbızmı? juwğanmıbız?have we washed? | sizjuwğanmısız?have you all washed? | alajuwğanmıdıla?have they washed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjuwmağanmamı? juwmağanmıma?haven't I washed? | senjuwmağanmısa?haven't you washed? | oljuwmağanmıdı?hasn't he washed? | bizjuwmağanbızmı? juwmağanmıbız?haven't we washed? | sizjuwmağanmısız?haven't you all washed? | alajuwmağanmıdıla?haven't they washed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjuwub turdumI kept washing | senjuwub turduŋyou kept washing | oljuwub turduhe kept washing | bizjuwub turduqwe kept washing | sizjuwub turduğuzyou all kept washing | alajuwub turdulathey kept washing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjuwub turmadımI didn't keep washing | senjuwub turmadıŋyou didn't keep washing | oljuwub turmadıhe didn't keep washing | bizjuwub turmadıqwe didn't keep washing | sizjuwub turmadığızyou all didn't keep washing | alajuwub turmadılathey didn't keep washing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuwarmaI will wash | senjuwarsayou will wash | oljuwarhe will wash | bizjuwarbızwe will wash | sizjuwarsızyou all will wash | alajuwarlathey will wash |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuwmazmaI won't wash | senjuwmazsayou won't wash | oljuwmazhe won't wash | bizjuwmazbızwe won't wash | sizjuwmazsızyou all won't wash | alajuwmazlathey won't wash |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuwarmamı? juwarmıma?will I wash? | senjuwarmısa?will you wash? | oljuwarmı?will he wash? | bizjuwarbızmı? juwarmıbız?will we wash? | sizjuwarmısız?will you all wash? | alajuwarlamı? juwarmıla?will they wash? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjuwmazmamı? juwmazmıma?won't I wash? | senjuwmazmısa?won't you wash? | oljuwmazmı?won't he wash? | bizjuwmazbızmı? juwmazmıbız?won't we wash? | sizjuwmazmısız?won't you all wash? | alajuwmazlamı? juwmazmıla?won't they wash? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuwarıqmaI am going to wash | senjuwarıqsayou are going to wash | oljuwarıqdıhe is going to wash | bizjuwarıqbızwe are going to wash | sizjuwarıqsızyou all are going to wash | alajuwarıqdılathey are going to wash |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuwarıq tülmeI am not going to wash | senjuwarıq tülseyou are not going to wash | oljuwarıq tüldühe is not going to wash | bizjuwarıq tülbüzwe are not going to wash | sizjuwarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to wash | alajuwarıq tüldülethey are not going to wash |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuwarıqmamı? juwarıqmıma?am I going to wash? | senjuwarıqmısa?are you going to wash? | oljuwarıqmıdı?is he going to wash? | bizjuwarıqbızmı? juwarıqmıbız?are we going to wash? | sizjuwarıqmısız?are you all going to wash? | alajuwarıqmıdıla?are they going to wash? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjuwarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to wash? | senjuwarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to wash? | oljuwarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to wash? | bizjuwarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to wash? | sizjuwarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to wash? | alajuwarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to wash? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjuwğan edimjuwğanemI had washed | senjuwğan ediŋjuwğaneŋyou had washed | oljuwğan edijuwğanedhe had washed | bizjuwğan edikjuwğanekwe had washed | sizjuwğan edigizjuwğanegizyou all had washed | alajuwğan edilejuwğanellethey had washed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjuwmağan edimjuwmağanemI hadn't washed | senjuwmağan ediŋjuwmağaneŋyou hadn't washed | oljuwmağan edijuwmağanedhe hadn't washed | bizjuwmağan edikjuwmağanekwe hadn't washed | sizjuwmağan edigizjuwmağanegizyou all hadn't washed | alajuwmağan edilejuwmağanellethey hadn't washed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjuwa edimjuwaemI was washing | senjuwa ediŋjuwaeŋyou were washing | oljuwa edijuwaedhe was washing | bizjuwa edikjuwaekwe were washing | sizjuwa edigizjuwaegizyou all were washing | alajuwa edilejuwaellethey were washing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjuwmay edimjuwmayemI wasn't washing | senjuwmay ediŋjuwmayeŋyou weren't washing | oljuwmay edijuwmayedhe wasn't washing | bizjuwmay edikjuwmayekwe weren't washing | sizjuwmay edigizjuwmayegizyou all weren't washing | alajuwmay edilejuwmayellethey weren't washing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjuwwçan edimjuwwçanemI used to wash | senjuwwçan ediŋjuwwçaneŋyou used to wash | oljuwwçan edijuwwçanedhe used to wash | bizjuwwçan edikjuwwçanekwe used to wash | sizjuwwçan edigizjuwwçanegizyou all used to wash | alajuwwçan edilejuwwçanellethey used to wash |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjuwmawçan edimjuwmawçanemI didn't use to wash | senjuwmawçan ediŋjuwmawçaneŋyou didn't use to wash | oljuwmawçan edijuwmawçanedhe didn't use to wash | bizjuwmawçan edikjuwmawçanekwe didn't use to wash | sizjuwmawçan edigizjuwmawçanegizyou all didn't use to wash | alajuwmawçan edilejuwmawçanellethey didn't use to wash |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljuwub edihe had washed and remained so | alajuwub edilethey had washed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljuwub tül edihe hadn't washed | alajuwub tül edilethey hadn't washed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjuwub tura edimjuwub turaemI had kept washing | senjuwub tura ediŋjuwub turaeŋyou had kept washing | oljuwub tura edijuwub turaedhe had kept washing | bizjuwub tura edikjuwub turaekwe had kept washing | sizjuwub tura edigizjuwub turaegizyou all had kept washing | alajuwub tura edilejuwub turaellethey had kept washing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjuwub turmay edimjuwub turmayemI hadn't kept washing | senjuwub turmay ediŋjuwub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept washing | oljuwub turmay edijuwub turmayedhe hadn't kept washing | bizjuwub turmay edikjuwub turmayekwe hadn't kept washing | sizjuwub turmay edigizjuwub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept washing | alajuwub turmay edilejuwub turmayellethey hadn't kept washing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuwa tura edimjuwa turaemI was in the middle of washing | senjuwa tura ediŋjuwa turaeŋyou were in the middle of washing | oljuwa tura edijuwa turaedhe was in the middle of washing | bizjuwa tura edikjuwa turaekwe were in the middle of washing | sizjuwa tura edigizjuwa turaegizyou all were in the middle of washing | alajuwa tura edilejuwa turaellethey were in the middle of washing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjuwa turmay edimjuwa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of washing | senjuwa turmay ediŋjuwa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of washing | oljuwa turmay edijuwa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of washing | bizjuwa turmay edikjuwa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of washing | sizjuwa turmay edigizjuwa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of washing | alajuwa turmay edilejuwa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of washing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjuwar edimjuwar emI would wash | senjuwar ediŋjuwar eŋyou would wash | oljuwar edijuwar edhe would wash | bizjuwar edikjuwar ekwe would wash | sizjuwar edigizjuwar egizyou all would wash | alajuwar edilejuwar ellethey would wash |
| Conditional result (would) | menjuwmaz edimjuwmaz emI wouldn't wash | senjuwmaz ediŋjuwmaz eŋyou wouldn't wash | oljuwmaz edijuwmaz edhe wouldn't wash | bizjuwmaz edikjuwmaz ekwe wouldn't wash | sizjuwmaz edigizjuwmaz egizyou all wouldn't wash | alajuwmaz edilejuwmaz ellethey wouldn't wash |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjuwarıq edimjuwarıq emI would have washed | senjuwarıq ediŋjuwarıq eŋyou would have washed | oljuwarıq edijuwarıq edhe would have washed | bizjuwarıq edikjuwarıq ekwe would have washed | sizjuwarıq edigizjuwarıq egizyou all would have washed | alajuwarıq edilejuwarıq ellethey would have washed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjuwarıq tül edimjuwarıq tül emI wouldn't have washed | senjuwarıq tül ediŋjuwarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have washed | oljuwarıq tül edijuwarıq tül edhe wouldn't have washed | bizjuwarıq tül edikjuwarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have washed | sizjuwarıq tül edigizjuwarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have washed | alajuwarıq tül edilejuwarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have washed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjuwsamif I wash | senjuwsaŋif you wash | oljuwsaif he washes | bizjuwsaqif we wash | sizjuwsağızif you all wash | alajuwsalaif they wash |
| Conditional | menjuwmasamif I don't wash | senjuwmasaŋif you don't wash | oljuwmasaif he doesn't wash | bizjuwmasaqif we don't wash | sizjuwmasağızif you all don't wash | alajuwmasalaif they don't wash |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjuwa esemif I am washing | senjuwa eseŋif you are washing | oljuwa eseif he is washing | bizjuwa esekif we are washing | sizjuwa esegizif you all are washing | alajuwa eseleif they are washing |
| Conditional, present real | menjuwmay esemif I am not washing | senjuwmay eseŋif you are not washing | oljuwmay eseif he is not washing | bizjuwmay esekif we are not washing | sizjuwmay esegizif you all are not washing | alajuwmay eseleif they are not washing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjuwsam edijuwsam edif only I washed | senjuwsaŋ edijuwsaŋ edif only you washed | oljuwsa edijuwsaedif only he washed | bizjuwsaq edijuwsaq edif only we washed | sizjuwsağız edijuwsağız edif only you all washed | alajuwsala edijuwsalaedif only they washed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjuwmasam edijuwmasam edif only I didn't wash | senjuwmasaŋ edijuwmasaŋ edif only you didn't wash | oljuwmasa edijuwmasaedif only he didn't wash | bizjuwmasaq edijuwmasaq edif only we didn't wash | sizjuwmasağız edijuwmasağız edif only you all didn't wash | alajuwmasala edijuwmasalaedif only they didn't wash |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjuwub tursamif I carry on washing | senjuwub tursaŋif you carry on washing | oljuwub tursaif he carries on washing | bizjuwub tursaqif we carry on washing | sizjuwub tursağızif you all carry on washing | alajuwub tursalaif they carry on washing |
| Durative conditional | menjuwub turmasamif I don't carry on washing | senjuwub turmasaŋif you don't carry on washing | oljuwub turmasaif he doesn't carry on washing | bizjuwub turmasaqif we don't carry on washing | sizjuwub turmasağızif you all don't carry on washing | alajuwub turmasalaif they don't carry on washing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjuwub tura esemif I have kept washing | senjuwub tura eseŋif you have kept washing | oljuwub tura eseif he has kept washing | bizjuwub tura esekif we have kept washing | sizjuwub tura esegizif you all have kept washing | alajuwub tura eseleif they have kept washing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjuwub turmay esemif I haven't kept washing | senjuwub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept washing | oljuwub turmay eseif he hasn't kept washing | bizjuwub turmay esekif we haven't kept washing | sizjuwub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept washing | alajuwub turmay eseleif they haven't kept washing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjuwa tursamif I keep washing | senjuwa tursaŋif you keep washing | oljuwa tursaif he keeps washing | bizjuwa tursaqif we keep washing | sizjuwa tursağızif you all keep washing | alajuwa tursalaif they keep washing |
| Progressive conditional | menjuwmay tursamif I keep on not washing | senjuwmay tursaŋif you keep on not washing | oljuwmay tursaif he keeps on not washing | bizjuwmay tursaqif we keep on not washing | sizjuwmay tursağızif you all keep on not washing | alajuwmay tursalaif they keep on not washing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjuwa tura esemif I am in the middle of washing | senjuwa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of washing | oljuwa tura eseif he is in the middle of washing | bizjuwa tura esekif we are in the middle of washing | sizjuwa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of washing | alajuwa tura eseleif they are in the middle of washing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjuwmay tura esemif I keep on not washing | senjuwmay tura eseŋif you keep on not washing | oljuwmay tura eseif he keeps on not washing | bizjuwmay tura esekif we keep on not washing | sizjuwmay tura esegizif you all keep on not washing | alajuwmay tura eseleif they keep on not washing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjuwdum esemif I washed | senjuwduŋ eseŋif you washed | oljuwdu eseif he washed | bizjuwduq esekif we washed | sizjuwduğuz esegizif you all washed | alajuwdula eseleif they washed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjuwmadım esemif I didn't wash | senjuwmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't wash | oljuwmadı eseif he didn't wash | bizjuwmadıq esekif we didn't wash | sizjuwmadığız esegizif you all didn't wash | alajuwmadıla eseleif they didn't wash |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjuwğan esemif I did wash (indeed) | senjuwğan eseŋif you did wash (indeed) | oljuwğan eseif he did wash (indeed) | bizjuwğan esekif we did wash (indeed) | sizjuwğan esegizif you all did wash (indeed) | alajuwğan eseleif they did wash (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjuwmağan esemif I didn't wash (indeed) | senjuwmağan eseŋif you didn't wash (indeed) | oljuwmağan eseif he didn't wash (indeed) | bizjuwmağan esekif we didn't wash (indeed) | sizjuwmağan esegizif you all didn't wash (indeed) | alajuwmağan eseleif they didn't wash (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjuwğan bolsamif I had washed | senjuwğan bolsaŋif you had washed | oljuwğan bolsaif he had washed | bizjuwğan bolsaqif we had washed | sizjuwğan bolsağızif you all had washed | alajuwğan bolsalaif they had washed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjuwmağan bolsamif I hadn't washed | senjuwmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't washed | oljuwmağan bolsaif he hadn't washed | bizjuwmağan bolsaqif we hadn't washed | sizjuwmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't washed | alajuwmağan bolsalaif they hadn't washed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjuwğan bolsam edijuwğan bolsam edif only I had washed | senjuwğan bolsaŋ edijuwğan bolsaŋ edif only you had washed | oljuwğan bolsa edijuwğan bolsaedif only he had washed | bizjuwğan bolsaq edijuwğan bolsaq edif only we had washed | sizjuwğan bolsağız edijuwğan bolsağız edif only you all had washed | alajuwğan bolsala edijuwğan bolsalaedif only they had washed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjuwmağan bolsam edijuwmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't washed | senjuwmağan bolsaŋ edijuwmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't washed | oljuwmağan bolsa edijuwmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't washed | bizjuwmağan bolsaq edijuwmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't washed | sizjuwmağan bolsağız edijuwmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't washed | alajuwmağan bolsala edijuwmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't washed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjuwar esemif I will wash | senjuwar eseŋif you will wash | oljuwar eseif he will wash | bizjuwar esekif we will wash | sizjuwar esegizif you all will wash | alajuwar eseleif they will wash |
| Conditional, aorist | menjuwmaz esemif I won't wash | senjuwmaz eseŋif you won't wash | oljuwmaz eseif he won't wash | bizjuwmaz esekif we won't wash | sizjuwmaz esegizif you all won't wash | alajuwmaz eseleif they won't wash |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjuwarıq esemif I am going to wash | senjuwarıq eseŋif you are going to wash | oljuwarıq eseif he is going to wash | bizjuwarıq esekif we are going to wash | sizjuwarıq esegizif you all are going to wash | alajuwarıq eseleif they are going to wash |
| Conditional, future | menjuwarıq tül esemif I am not going to wash | senjuwarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to wash | oljuwarıq tül eseif he is not going to wash | bizjuwarıq tül esekif we are not going to wash | sizjuwarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to wash | alajuwarıq tül eseleif they are not going to wash |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjuwarıq bolsamif I were going to wash | senjuwarıq bolsaŋif you were going to wash | oljuwarıq bolsaif he were going to wash | bizjuwarıq bolsaqif we were going to wash | sizjuwarıq bolsağızif you all were going to wash | alajuwarıq bolsalaif they were going to wash |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjuwmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to wash | senjuwmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to wash | oljuwmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to wash | bizjuwmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to wash | sizjuwmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to wash | alajuwmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to wash |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso juwduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjuwa bolurmaI must be washing | senjuwa bolursayou must be washing | oljuwa bolurhe must be washing | bizjuwa bolurbuzwe must be washing | sizjuwa bolursuzyou all must be washing | alajuwa bolurlathey must be washing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjuwmay bolurmaI must not be washing | senjuwmay bolursayou must not be washing | oljuwmay bolurhe must not be washing | bizjuwmay bolurbuzwe must not be washing | sizjuwmay bolursuzyou all must not be washing | alajuwmay bolurlathey must not be washing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjuwa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of washing | senjuwa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of washing | oljuwa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of washing | bizjuwa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of washing | sizjuwa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of washing | alajuwa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of washing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjuwmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not washing | senjuwmay tura bolursayou must keep on not washing | oljuwmay tura bolurhe must keep on not washing | bizjuwmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not washing | sizjuwmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not washing | alajuwmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not washing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjuwğan bolurmaI must have washed | senjuwğan bolursayou must have washed | oljuwğan bolurhe must have washed | bizjuwğan bolurbuzwe must have washed | sizjuwğan bolursuzyou all must have washed | alajuwğan bolurlathey must have washed |
| Inference (must have) | menjuwmağan bolurmaI must not have washed | senjuwmağan bolursayou must not have washed | oljuwmağan bolurhe must not have washed | bizjuwmağan bolurbuzwe must not have washed | sizjuwmağan bolursuzyou all must not have washed | alajuwmağan bolurlathey must not have washed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjuwarıq bolurmaI must be going to wash | senjuwarıq bolursayou must be going to wash | oljuwarıq bolurhe must be going to wash | bizjuwarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to wash | sizjuwarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to wash | alajuwarıq bolurlathey must be going to wash |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjuwmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to wash | senjuwmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to wash | oljuwmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to wash | bizjuwmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to wash | sizjuwmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to wash | alajuwmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to wash |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjuwayımlet me wash | senjuw!wash! | oljuwsunlet him wash | bizjuwayıqlet's wash | sizjuwuğuz!wash, you all! | alajuwsunlalet them wash |
| Commands & suggestions | menjuwmayımlet me not wash | senjuwma!don't wash! | oljuwmasınlet him not wash | bizjuwmayıqlet's not wash | sizjuwmağız!don't wash, you all! | alajuwmasınlalet them not wash |
| Commands & suggestions | menjuwayımmı?shall I wash? | oljuwsunmu?should he wash? | bizjuwayıqmı?shall we wash? | alajuwsunlamı?should they wash? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjuwmayımmı?shall I not wash? | oljuwmasınmı?should he not wash? | bizjuwmayıqmı?shall we not wash? | alajuwmasınlamı?should they not wash? | ||
| Requests | senjuwçu2juwçunplease wash | oljuwsunçudo let him wash | sizjuwçuğuzplease wash (plural/polite) | alajuwsunlaçıdo let them wash | ||
| Requests | senjuwmaçı2juwmaçınplease don't wash | oljuwmasınçıdo let him not wash | sizjuwmaçığızplease don't wash (plural/polite) | alajuwmasınlaçıdo let them not wash | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjuwğunjuwğumay you wash | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjuwmağınjuwmağımay you not wash | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjuwğay edim juwğa edimwould that I washed | senjuwğay ediŋ juwğa ediŋwould that you washed | oljuwğay edi juwğa ediwould that he washed | bizjuwğay edik juwğa edikwould that we washed | sizjuwğay edigiz juwğa edigizwould that you all washed | alajuwğay edile juwğa edilewould that they washed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjuwmağay edim juwmağa edimwould that I did not wash | senjuwmağay ediŋ juwmağa ediŋwould that you did not wash | oljuwmağay edi juwmağa ediwould that he did not wash | bizjuwmağay edik juwmağa edikwould that we did not wash | sizjuwmağay edigiz juwmağa edigizwould that you all did not wash | alajuwmağay edile juwmağa edilewould that they did not wash |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuwmağa qoyayımjuwma qoyayımlet me allow someone to wash | senjuwmağa qoy!juwma qoy!let someone wash! | oljuwmağa qoysunjuwma qoysunlet him allow someone to wash | bizjuwmağa qoyayıqjuwma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to wash | sizjuwmağa qoyuğuz!juwma qoyuğuz!let someone wash, you all! | alajuwmağa qoysunlajuwma qoysunlalet them allow someone to wash |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuwmağa qoymayımjuwma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to wash | senjuwmağa qoyma!juwma qoyma!don't let someone wash! | oljuwmağa qoymasınjuwma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to wash | bizjuwmağa qoymayıqjuwma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to wash | sizjuwmağa qoymağız!juwma qoymağız!don't let someone wash, you all! | alajuwmağa qoymasınlajuwma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to wash |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuwmağa qoyayımmı?juwma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to wash? | oljuwmağa qoysunmu?juwma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to wash? | bizjuwmağa qoyayıqmı?juwma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to wash? | alajuwmağa qoysunlamı?juwma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to wash? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjuwmağa qoymayımmı?juwma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to wash? | oljuwmağa qoymasınmı?juwma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to wash? | bizjuwmağa qoymayıqmı?juwma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to wash? | alajuwmağa qoymasınlamı?juwma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to wash? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjuwmağa qoyamajuwma qoyamaI allow someone to wash | senjuwmağa qoyasajuwma qoyasayou allow someone to wash | oljuwmağa qoyadıjuwma qoyadıhe allows someone to wash | bizjuwmağa qoyabızjuwma qoyabızwe allow someone to wash | sizjuwmağa qoyasızjuwma qoyasızyou all allow someone to wash | alajuwmağa qoyadılajuwma qoyadılathey allow someone to wash |
| Let someone… (present) | menjuwmağa qoymaymajuwma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to wash | senjuwmağa qoymaysajuwma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to wash | oljuwmağa qoymaydıjuwma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to wash | bizjuwmağa qoymaybızjuwma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to wash | sizjuwmağa qoymaysızjuwma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to wash | alajuwmağa qoymaydılajuwma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to wash |
| Let someone… (present) | menjuwmağa qoyamamı?juwma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to wash? | senjuwmağa qoyamısa?juwma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to wash? | oljuwmağa qoyamıdı?juwma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to wash? | bizjuwmağa qoyabızmı?juwma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to wash? | sizjuwmağa qoyamısız?juwma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to wash? | alajuwmağa qoyamıdıla?juwma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to wash? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjuwmağa qoymaymamı?juwma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to wash? | senjuwmağa qoymaymısa?juwma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to wash? | oljuwmağa qoymaymıdı?juwma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to wash? | bizjuwmağa qoymaybızmı?juwma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to wash? | sizjuwmağa qoymaymısız?juwma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to wash? | alajuwmağa qoymaymıdıla?juwma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to wash? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuwmağa qoydumjuwma qoydumI allowed someone to wash | senjuwmağa qoyduŋjuwma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to wash | oljuwmağa qoydujuwma qoyduhe allowed someone to wash | bizjuwmağa qoyduqjuwma qoyduqwe allowed someone to wash | sizjuwmağa qoyduğuzjuwma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to wash | alajuwmağa qoydulajuwma qoydulathey allowed someone to wash |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuwmağa qoymadımjuwma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to wash | senjuwmağa qoymadıŋjuwma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to wash | oljuwmağa qoymadıjuwma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to wash | bizjuwmağa qoymadıqjuwma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to wash | sizjuwmağa qoymadığızjuwma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to wash | alajuwmağa qoymadılajuwma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to wash |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuwmağa qoydummu?juwma qoydummu?did I allow someone to wash? | senjuwmağa qoyduŋmu?juwma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to wash? | oljuwmağa qoydumu?juwma qoydumu?did he allow someone to wash? | bizjuwmağa qoyduqmu?juwma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to wash? | sizjuwmağa qoyduğuzmu?juwma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to wash? | alajuwmağa qoydulamı?juwma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to wash? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjuwmağa qoymadımmı?juwma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to wash? | senjuwmağa qoymadıŋmı?juwma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to wash? | oljuwmağa qoymadımı?juwma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to wash? | bizjuwmağa qoymadıqmı?juwma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to wash? | sizjuwmağa qoymadığızmı?juwma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to wash? | alajuwmağa qoymadılamı?juwma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to wash? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
juwalırğa be able to wash · juwalmazğa be unable to wash
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjuwalamaI can wash | senjuwalasayou can wash | oljuwaladıhe can wash | bizjuwalabızwe can wash | sizjuwalasızyou all can wash | alajuwaladılathey can wash |
| Ability — present | menjuwalmaymaI can't wash | senjuwalmaysayou can't wash | oljuwalmaydıhe can't wash | bizjuwalmaybızwe can't wash | sizjuwalmaysızyou all can't wash | alajuwalmaydılathey can't wash |
| Ability — present | menjuwalamamı? juwalamıma?can I wash? | senjuwalamısa?can you wash? | oljuwalamıdı?can he wash? | bizjuwalabızmı? juwalamıbız?can we wash? | sizjuwalamısız?can you all wash? | alajuwalamıdıla?can they wash? |
| Ability — present | menjuwalmaymamı? juwalmaymıma?can't I wash? | senjuwalmaymısa?can't you wash? | oljuwalmaymıdı?can't he wash? | bizjuwalmaybızmı? juwalmaymıbız?can't we wash? | sizjuwalmaymısız?can't you all wash? | alajuwalmaymıdıla?can't they wash? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjuwalsamif I can wash | senjuwalsaŋif you can wash | oljuwalsaif he can wash | bizjuwalsaqif we can wash | sizjuwalsağızif you all can wash | alajuwalsalaif they can wash |
| Ability — if I can… | menjuwalmasamif I can't wash | senjuwalmasaŋif you can't wash | oljuwalmasaif he can't wash | bizjuwalmasaqif we can't wash | sizjuwalmasağızif you all can't wash | alajuwalmasalaif they can't wash |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjuwaldımI was able to wash | senjuwaldıŋyou were able to wash | oljuwaldıhe was able to wash | bizjuwaldıqwe were able to wash | sizjuwaldığızyou all were able to wash | alajuwaldılathey were able to wash |
| Ability — simple past | menjuwalmadımI could not wash | senjuwalmadıŋyou could not wash | oljuwalmadıhe could not wash | bizjuwalmadıqwe could not wash | sizjuwalmadığızyou all could not wash | alajuwalmadılathey could not wash |
| Ability — simple past | menjuwaldımmı?was I able to wash? | senjuwaldıŋmı?were you able to wash? | oljuwaldımı?was he able to wash? | bizjuwaldıqmı?were we able to wash? | sizjuwaldığızmı?were you all able to wash? | alajuwaldılamı?were they able to wash? |
| Ability — simple past | menjuwalmadımmı?couldn't I wash? | senjuwalmadıŋmı?couldn't you wash? | oljuwalmadımı?couldn't he wash? | bizjuwalmadıqmı?couldn't we wash? | sizjuwalmadığızmı?couldn't you all wash? | alajuwalmadılamı?couldn't they wash? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuwalğanmaI have been able to wash | senjuwalğansayou have been able to wash | oljuwalğandıhe has been able to wash | bizjuwalğanbızwe have been able to wash | sizjuwalğansızyou all have been able to wash | alajuwalğandılathey have been able to wash |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuwalmağanmaI haven't been able to wash | senjuwalmağansayou haven't been able to wash | oljuwalmağandıhe hasn't been able to wash | bizjuwalmağanbızwe haven't been able to wash | sizjuwalmağansızyou all haven't been able to wash | alajuwalmağandılathey haven't been able to wash |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuwalğanmamı? juwalğanmıma?have I been able to wash? | senjuwalğanmısa?have you been able to wash? | oljuwalğanmıdı?has he been able to wash? | bizjuwalğanbızmı? juwalğanmıbız?have we been able to wash? | sizjuwalğanmısız?have you all been able to wash? | alajuwalğanmıdıla?have they been able to wash? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjuwalmağanmamı? juwalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to wash? | senjuwalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to wash? | oljuwalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to wash? | bizjuwalmağanbızmı? juwalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to wash? | sizjuwalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to wash? | alajuwalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to wash? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjuwalğan edimjuwalğanemI had been able to wash | senjuwalğan ediŋjuwalğaneŋyou had been able to wash | oljuwalğan edijuwalğanedhe had been able to wash | bizjuwalğan edikjuwalğanekwe had been able to wash | sizjuwalğan edigizjuwalğanegizyou all had been able to wash | alajuwalğan edilejuwalğanellethey had been able to wash |
| Ability — past perfect | menjuwalmağan edimjuwalmağanemI hadn't been able to wash | senjuwalmağan ediŋjuwalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to wash | oljuwalmağan edijuwalmağanedhe hadn't been able to wash | bizjuwalmağan edikjuwalmağanekwe hadn't been able to wash | sizjuwalmağan edigizjuwalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to wash | alajuwalmağan edilejuwalmağanellethey hadn't been able to wash |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjuwala edimjuwalaemI could wash | senjuwala ediŋjuwalaeŋyou could wash | oljuwala edijuwalaedhe could wash | bizjuwala edikjuwalaekwe could wash | sizjuwala edigizjuwalaegizyou all could wash | alajuwala edilejuwalaellethey could wash |
| Ability — past background | menjuwalmay edimjuwalmayemI could not wash | senjuwalmay ediŋjuwalmayeŋyou could not wash | oljuwalmay edijuwalmayedhe could not wash | bizjuwalmay edikjuwalmayekwe could not wash | sizjuwalmay edigizjuwalmayegizyou all could not wash | alajuwalmay edilejuwalmayellethey could not wash |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjuwalırmaI will be able to wash | senjuwalırsayou will be able to wash | oljuwalırhe will be able to wash | bizjuwalırbızwe will be able to wash | sizjuwalırsızyou all will be able to wash | alajuwalırlathey will be able to wash |
| Ability — future I | menjuwalmazmaI won't be able to wash | senjuwalmazsayou won't be able to wash | oljuwalmazhe won't be able to wash | bizjuwalmazbızwe won't be able to wash | sizjuwalmazsızyou all won't be able to wash | alajuwalmazlathey won't be able to wash |
| Ability — future I | menjuwalırmamı? juwalırmıma?will I be able to wash? | senjuwalırmısa?will you be able to wash? | oljuwalırmı?will he be able to wash? | bizjuwalırbızmı? juwalırmıbız?will we be able to wash? | sizjuwalırmısız?will you all be able to wash? | alajuwalırlamı? juwalırmıla?will they be able to wash? |
| Ability — future I | menjuwalmazmamı? juwalmazmıma?won't I be able to wash? | senjuwalmazmısa?won't you be able to wash? | oljuwalmazmı?won't he be able to wash? | bizjuwalmazbızmı? juwalmazmıbız?won't we be able to wash? | sizjuwalmazmısız?won't you all be able to wash? | alajuwalmazlamı? juwalmazmıla?won't they be able to wash? |
| Ability — future II | menjuwallıqmaI am going to be able to wash | senjuwallıqsayou are going to be able to wash | oljuwallıqdıhe is going to be able to wash | bizjuwallıqbızwe are going to be able to wash | sizjuwallıqsızyou all are going to be able to wash | alajuwallıqdılathey are going to be able to wash |
| Ability — future II | menjuwallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to wash | senjuwallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to wash | oljuwallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to wash | bizjuwallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to wash | sizjuwallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to wash | alajuwallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to wash |
| Ability — future II | menjuwallıqmamı? juwallıqmıma?am I going to be able to wash? | senjuwallıqmısa?are you going to be able to wash? | oljuwallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to wash? | bizjuwallıqbızmı? juwallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to wash? | sizjuwallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to wash? | alajuwallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to wash? |
| Ability — future II | menjuwallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to wash? | senjuwallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to wash? | oljuwallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to wash? | bizjuwallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to wash? | sizjuwallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to wash? | alajuwallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to wash? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjuwalır edimjuwalır emI would be able to wash | senjuwalır ediŋjuwalır eŋyou would be able to wash | oljuwalır edijuwalır edhe would be able to wash | bizjuwalır edikjuwalır ekwe would be able to wash | sizjuwalır edigizjuwalır egizyou all would be able to wash | alajuwalır edilejuwalır ellethey would be able to wash |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjuwalmaz edimjuwalmaz emI wouldn't be able to wash | senjuwalmaz ediŋjuwalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to wash | oljuwalmaz edijuwalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to wash | bizjuwalmaz edikjuwalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to wash | sizjuwalmaz edigizjuwalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to wash | alajuwalmaz edilejuwalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to wash |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjuwalğınjuwalğımay you be able to wash | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjuwalmağınjuwalmağımay you not be able to wash | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjuwarğa izleymeI want to wash | senjuwarğa izleyseyou want to wash | oljuwarğa izleydihe wants to wash | bizjuwarğa izleybizwe want to wash | sizjuwarğa izleysizyou all want to wash | alajuwarğa izleydilethey want to wash |
| want to | menjuwarğa izlemeymeI do not want to wash | senjuwarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to wash | oljuwarğa izlemeydihe does not want to wash | bizjuwarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to wash | sizjuwarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to wash | alajuwarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to wash |
| would like to | menjuwarğa süemeI would like to wash | senjuwarğa süeseyou would like to wash | oljuwarğa süedihe would like to wash | bizjuwarğa süebizwe would like to wash | sizjuwarğa süesizyou all would like to wash | alajuwarğa süedilethey would like to wash |
| would like to | menjuwarğa süymeymeI would not like to wash | senjuwarğa süymeyseyou would not like to wash | oljuwarğa süymeydihe would not like to wash | bizjuwarğa süymeybizwe would not like to wash | sizjuwarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to wash | alajuwarğa süymeydilethey would not like to wash |
| hope to | menjuwarğa umutlanamaI hope to wash | senjuwarğa umutlanasayou hope to wash | oljuwarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to wash | bizjuwarğa umutlanabızwe hope to wash | sizjuwarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to wash | alajuwarğa umutlanadılathey hope to wash |
| hope to | menjuwarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to wash | senjuwarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to wash | oljuwarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to wash | bizjuwarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to wash | sizjuwarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to wash | alajuwarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to wash |
| be about to | menjuwarğa deb turamaI am about to wash | senjuwarğa deb turasayou are about to wash | oljuwarğa deb turadıhe is about to wash | bizjuwarğa deb turabızwe are about to wash | sizjuwarğa deb turasızyou all are about to wash | alajuwarğa deb turadılathey are about to wash |
| be about to | menjuwarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to wash | senjuwarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to wash | oljuwarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to wash | bizjuwarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to wash | sizjuwarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to wash | alajuwarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to wash |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjuwarğa kerekmeI need to wash | senjuwarğa kerekseyou need to wash | oljuwarğa kerekdihe needs to wash | bizjuwarğa kerekbizwe need to wash | sizjuwarğa kereksizyou all need to wash | alajuwarğa kerekdilethey need to wash |
| need to | menjuwarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to wash | senjuwarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to wash | oljuwarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to wash | bizjuwarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to wash | sizjuwarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to wash | alajuwarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to wash |
| have to | menmenŋe juwarğa tüşediI have to wash | sensenŋe juwarğa tüşediyou have to wash | olaŋa juwarğa tüşedihe has to wash | bizbizge juwarğa tüşediwe have to wash | sizsizge juwarğa tüşediyou all have to wash | alaalağa juwarğa tüşedithey have to wash |
| have to | menmenŋe juwarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to wash | sensenŋe juwarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to wash | olaŋa juwarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to wash | bizbizge juwarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to wash | sizsizge juwarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to wash | alaalağa juwarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to wash |
| be obliged to | menjuwarğa borçlumaI am obliged to wash | senjuwarğa borçlusayou are obliged to wash | oljuwarğa borçluduhe is obliged to wash | bizjuwarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to wash | sizjuwarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to wash | alajuwarğa borçludulathey are obliged to wash |
| be obliged to | menjuwarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to wash | senjuwarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to wash | oljuwarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to wash | bizjuwarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to wash | sizjuwarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to wash | alajuwarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to wash |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjuwarğa madarım bardıI have a way to wash | senjuwarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to wash | oljuwarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to wash | bizjuwarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to wash | sizjuwarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to wash | alajuwarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to wash |
| have a way to | menjuwarğa madarım joqduI have no way to wash | senjuwarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to wash | oljuwarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to wash | bizjuwarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to wash | sizjuwarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to wash | alajuwarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to wash |
| be free to | menjuwarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to wash | senjuwarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to wash | oljuwarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to wash | bizjuwarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to wash | sizjuwarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to wash | alajuwarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to wash |
| be free to | menjuwarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to wash | senjuwarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to wash | oljuwarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to wash | bizjuwarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to wash | sizjuwarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to wash | alajuwarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to wash |
| be possible to | menmenŋe juwarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to wash | sensenŋe juwarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to wash | olaŋa juwarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to wash | bizbizge juwarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to wash | sizsizge juwarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to wash | alaalağa juwarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to wash |
| be possible to | menmenŋe juwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to wash | sensenŋe juwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to wash | olaŋa juwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to wash | bizbizge juwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to wash | sizsizge juwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to wash | alaalağa juwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to wash |
| be ready to | menjuwarğa hazırmaI am ready to wash | senjuwarğa hazırsayou are ready to wash | oljuwarğa hazırdıhe is ready to wash | bizjuwarğa hazırbızwe are ready to wash | sizjuwarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to wash | alajuwarğa hazırdılathey are ready to wash |
| be ready to | menjuwarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to wash | senjuwarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to wash | oljuwarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to wash | bizjuwarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to wash | sizjuwarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to wash | alajuwarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to wash |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjuwarğa küreşemeI am trying to wash | senjuwarğa küreşeseyou are trying to wash | oljuwarğa küreşedihe is trying to wash | bizjuwarğa küreşebizwe are trying to wash | sizjuwarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to wash | alajuwarğa küreşedilethey are trying to wash |
| try to | menjuwarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to wash | senjuwarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to wash | oljuwarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to wash | bizjuwarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to wash | sizjuwarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to wash | alajuwarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to wash |
| agree to | menjuwarğa unaymaI agree to wash | senjuwarğa unaysayou agree to wash | oljuwarğa unaydıhe agrees to wash | bizjuwarğa unaybızwe agree to wash | sizjuwarğa unaysızyou all agree to wash | alajuwarğa unaydılathey agree to wash |
| agree to | menjuwarğa unamaymaI refuse to wash | senjuwarğa unamaysayou refuse to wash | oljuwarğa unamaydıhe refuses to wash | bizjuwarğa unamaybızwe refuse to wash | sizjuwarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to wash | alajuwarğa unamaydılathey refuse to wash |
| hurry to | menjuwarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to wash | senjuwarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to wash | oljuwarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to wash | bizjuwarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to wash | sizjuwarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to wash | alajuwarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to wash |
| hurry to | menjuwarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to wash | senjuwarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to wash | oljuwarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to wash | bizjuwarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to wash | sizjuwarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to wash | alajuwarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to wash |
| be afraid to | menjuwarğa qorqamaI am afraid to wash | senjuwarğa qorqasayou are afraid to wash | oljuwarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to wash | bizjuwarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to wash | sizjuwarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to wash | alajuwarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to wash |
| be afraid to | menjuwarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to wash | senjuwarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to wash | oljuwarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to wash | bizjuwarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to wash | sizjuwarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to wash | alajuwarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to wash |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjuwa bolmazmaI can't be washing | senjuwa bolmazsayou can't be washing | oljuwa bolmazhe can't be washing | bizjuwa bolmazbızwe can't be washing | sizjuwa bolmazsızyou all can't be washing | alajuwa bolmazlathey can't be washing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjuwmay bolmazmaI must be washing (emphatic) | senjuwmay bolmazsayou must be washing (emphatic) | oljuwmay bolmazhe must be washing (emphatic) | bizjuwmay bolmazbızwe must be washing (emphatic) | sizjuwmay bolmazsızyou all must be washing (emphatic) | alajuwmay bolmazlathey must be washing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjuwa turmasamif I don't keep washing | senjuwa turmasaŋif you don't keep washing | oljuwa turmasaif he doesn't keep washing | bizjuwa turmasaqif we don't keep washing | sizjuwa turmasağızif you all don't keep washing | alajuwa turmasalaif they don't keep washing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjuwa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of washing | senjuwa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of washing | oljuwa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of washing | bizjuwa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of washing | sizjuwa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of washing | alajuwa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of washing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjuwmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not washing (emphatic) | senjuwmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not washing (emphatic) | oljuwmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not washing (emphatic) | bizjuwmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not washing (emphatic) | sizjuwmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not washing (emphatic) | alajuwmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not washing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjuwmay turamaI keep on not washing | senjuwmay turasayou keep on not washing | oljuwmay turadıhe keeps on not washing | bizjuwmay turabızwe keep on not washing | sizjuwmay turasızyou all keep on not washing | alajuwmay turadılathey keep on not washing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjuwmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not washing | senjuwmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not washing | oljuwmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not washing | bizjuwmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not washing | sizjuwmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not washing | alajuwmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not washing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjuwmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not washing? | senjuwmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not washing? | oljuwmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not washing? | bizjuwmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not washing? | sizjuwmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not washing? | alajuwmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not washing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjuwğan bolmazmaI can't have washed | senjuwğan bolmazsayou can't have washed | oljuwğan bolmazhe can't have washed | bizjuwğan bolmazbızwe can't have washed | sizjuwğan bolmazsızyou all can't have washed | alajuwğan bolmazlathey can't have washed |
| Inference — double negation | menjuwmağan bolmazmaI must have washed (emphatic) | senjuwmağan bolmazsayou must have washed (emphatic) | oljuwmağan bolmazhe must have washed (emphatic) | bizjuwmağan bolmazbızwe must have washed (emphatic) | sizjuwmağan bolmazsızyou all must have washed (emphatic) | alajuwmağan bolmazlathey must have washed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjuwğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had washed | senjuwğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had washed | oljuwğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had washed | bizjuwğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had washed | sizjuwğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had washed | alajuwğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had washed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjuwmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't washed | senjuwmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't washed | oljuwmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't washed | bizjuwmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't washed | sizjuwmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't washed | alajuwmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't washed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjuwarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to wash | senjuwarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to wash | oljuwarıq bolmazhe can't be going to wash | bizjuwarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to wash | sizjuwarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to wash | alajuwarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to wash |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjuwmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to wash (emphatic) | senjuwmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to wash (emphatic) | oljuwmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to wash (emphatic) | bizjuwmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to wash (emphatic) | sizjuwmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to wash (emphatic) | alajuwmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to wash (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjuwarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to wash | senjuwarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to wash | oljuwarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to wash | bizjuwarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to wash | sizjuwarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to wash | alajuwarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to wash |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjuwmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to wash | senjuwmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to wash | oljuwmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to wash | bizjuwmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to wash | sizjuwmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to wash | alajuwmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to wash |