jumuşarğa
/dʒumuʃarʁa/
1. soften, become soft, grow pliable — Said of things that grow soft to the touch, such as soaked hide, clay or stale bread.
- topuraq jumuşağandı — the clay has become softer
- teri jumuşağandı — the hide has softened
- qolla jumuşadıla — the hands became soft
- teri suwda jumuşadı — the hide softened in the water
- qatı gırjın suwda jumuşaydı — hard bread softens in water
- jibib jumuşarğa — to soak and soften
2. relent, soften, grow milder in temper or speech; melt, be moved
- anı eşitgeninde, jumuşadı — on hearing that, he relented
- jüregi jumuşadı — his heart softened
- anı açıwu jumuşadı — his anger softened
- adamlanı hını türsünleri jumuşadı — the people's stern faces softened
- qızlağa jumuşab qaldı — he melted before the girls
- qorquw endi jumuşay başlağandı — the fear has now begun to ease
3. grow milder, become more temperate — Said of weather or cold that eases, without sharp swings in temperature.
- suwuq jumuşağandı — the cold has eased
- kün jumuşadı — the weather has grown milder
- hawa jumuşağandı — the air has turned mild
- jaz kelib, künle jumuşadıla — spring came and the days grew milder
Conjugation
Common forms
- jumuşaydıhe is softening
- jumuşadıhe softened
- jumuşağandıhe has softened
- jumuşarhe will soften
- jumuşarıqdıhe is going to soften
- jumuşay edihe was softening
- jumuşasaif he softens
- jumuşa!soften!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjumuşaymaI am softening | senjumuşaysayou are softening | oljumuşaydıhe is softening | bizjumuşaybızwe are softening | sizjumuşaysızyou all are softening | alajumuşaydılathey are softening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjumuşamaymaI am not softening | senjumuşamaysayou are not softening | oljumuşamaydıhe is not softening | bizjumuşamaybızwe are not softening | sizjumuşamaysızyou all are not softening | alajumuşamaydılathey are not softening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjumuşaymamı? jumuşaymıma?am I softening? | senjumuşaymısa?are you softening? | oljumuşaymıdı?is he softening? | bizjumuşaybızmı? jumuşaymıbız?are we softening? | sizjumuşaymısız?are you all softening? | alajumuşaymıdıla?are they softening? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjumuşamaymamı? jumuşamaymıma?aren't I softening? | senjumuşamaymısa?aren't you softening? | oljumuşamaymıdı?isn't he softening? | bizjumuşamaybızmı? jumuşamaymıbız?aren't we softening? | sizjumuşamaymısız?aren't you all softening? | alajumuşamaymıdıla?aren't they softening? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjumuşawçanmaI usually soften | senjumuşawçansayou usually soften | oljumuşawçandıhe usually softens | bizjumuşawçanbızwe usually soften | sizjumuşawçansızyou all usually soften | alajumuşawçandılathey usually soften |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjumuşamawçanmaI usually don't soften | senjumuşamawçansayou usually don't soften | oljumuşamawçandıhe usually doesn't soften | bizjumuşamawçanbızwe usually don't soften | sizjumuşamawçansızyou all usually don't soften | alajumuşamawçandılathey usually don't soften |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjumuşawçanmamı? jumuşawçanmıma?do I usually soften? | senjumuşawçanmısa?do you usually soften? | oljumuşawçanmıdı?does he usually soften? | bizjumuşawçanbızmı? jumuşawçanmıbız?do we usually soften? | sizjumuşawçanmısız?do you all usually soften? | alajumuşawçanmıdıla?do they usually soften? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjumuşamawçanmamı? jumuşamawçanmıma?do I usually not soften? | senjumuşamawçanmısa?do you usually not soften? | oljumuşamawçanmıdı?does he usually not soften? | bizjumuşamawçanbızmı? jumuşamawçanmıbız?do we usually not soften? | sizjumuşamawçanmısız?do you all usually not soften? | alajumuşamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not soften? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljumuşabdıhe has softened and remains so | alajumuşabdılathey have softened and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljumuşabmıdı?has he softened? | alajumuşabmıdıla?have they softened? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumuşab turamaI keep softening | senjumuşab turasayou keep softening | oljumuşab turadıhe keeps softening | bizjumuşab turabızwe keep softening | sizjumuşab turasızyou all keep softening | alajumuşab turadılathey keep softening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumuşab turmaymaI don't keep softening | senjumuşab turmaysayou don't keep softening | oljumuşab turmaydıhe doesn't keep softening | bizjumuşab turmaybızwe don't keep softening | sizjumuşab turmaysızyou all don't keep softening | alajumuşab turmaydılathey don't keep softening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumuşab turamamı? jumuşab turamıma?do I keep softening? | senjumuşab turamısa?do you keep softening? | oljumuşab turamıdı?does he keep softening? | bizjumuşab turabızmı? jumuşab turamıbız?do we keep softening? | sizjumuşab turamısız?do you all keep softening? | alajumuşab turamıdıla?do they keep softening? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjumuşab turmaymamı? jumuşab turmaymıma?don't I keep softening? | senjumuşab turmaymısa?don't you keep softening? | oljumuşab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep softening? | bizjumuşab turmaybızmı? jumuşab turmaymıbız?don't we keep softening? | sizjumuşab turmaymısız?don't you all keep softening? | alajumuşab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep softening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjumuşay turamaI am in the middle of softening | senjumuşay turasayou are in the middle of softening | oljumuşay turadıhe is in the middle of softening | bizjumuşay turabızwe are in the middle of softening | sizjumuşay turasızyou all are in the middle of softening | alajumuşay turadılathey are in the middle of softening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjumuşay turmaymaI am not in the middle of softening | senjumuşay turmaysayou are not in the middle of softening | oljumuşay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of softening | bizjumuşay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of softening | sizjumuşay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of softening | alajumuşay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of softening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjumuşay turamamı? jumuşay turamıma?am I in the middle of softening? | senjumuşay turamısa?are you in the middle of softening? | oljumuşay turamıdı?is he in the middle of softening? | bizjumuşay turabızmı? jumuşay turamıbız?are we in the middle of softening? | sizjumuşay turamısız?are you all in the middle of softening? | alajumuşay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of softening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjumuşay turmaymamı? jumuşay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of softening? | senjumuşay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of softening? | oljumuşay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of softening? | bizjumuşay turmaybızmı? jumuşay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of softening? | sizjumuşay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of softening? | alajumuşay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of softening? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjumuşadımI softened | senjumuşadıŋyou softened | oljumuşadıhe softened | bizjumuşadıqwe softened | sizjumuşadığızyou all softened | alajumuşadılathey softened |
| Simple past (definite) | menjumuşamadımI didn't soften | senjumuşamadıŋyou didn't soften | oljumuşamadıhe didn't soften | bizjumuşamadıqwe didn't soften | sizjumuşamadığızyou all didn't soften | alajumuşamadılathey didn't soften |
| Simple past (definite) | menjumuşadımmı?did I soften? | senjumuşadıŋmı?did you soften? | oljumuşadımı?did he soften? | bizjumuşadıqmı?did we soften? | sizjumuşadığızmı?did you all soften? | alajumuşadılamı?did they soften? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjumuşamadımmı?didn't I soften? | senjumuşamadıŋmı?didn't you soften? | oljumuşamadımı?didn't he soften? | bizjumuşamadıqmı?didn't we soften? | sizjumuşamadığızmı?didn't you all soften? | alajumuşamadılamı?didn't they soften? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjumuşağanmaI have softened | senjumuşağansayou have softened | oljumuşağandıhe has softened | bizjumuşağanbızwe have softened | sizjumuşağansızyou all have softened | alajumuşağandılathey have softened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjumuşamağanmaI haven't softened | senjumuşamağansayou haven't softened | oljumuşamağandıhe hasn't softened | bizjumuşamağanbızwe haven't softened | sizjumuşamağansızyou all haven't softened | alajumuşamağandılathey haven't softened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjumuşağanmamı? jumuşağanmıma?have I softened? | senjumuşağanmısa?have you softened? | oljumuşağanmıdı?has he softened? | bizjumuşağanbızmı? jumuşağanmıbız?have we softened? | sizjumuşağanmısız?have you all softened? | alajumuşağanmıdıla?have they softened? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjumuşamağanmamı? jumuşamağanmıma?haven't I softened? | senjumuşamağanmısa?haven't you softened? | oljumuşamağanmıdı?hasn't he softened? | bizjumuşamağanbızmı? jumuşamağanmıbız?haven't we softened? | sizjumuşamağanmısız?haven't you all softened? | alajumuşamağanmıdıla?haven't they softened? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjumuşab turdumI kept softening | senjumuşab turduŋyou kept softening | oljumuşab turduhe kept softening | bizjumuşab turduqwe kept softening | sizjumuşab turduğuzyou all kept softening | alajumuşab turdulathey kept softening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjumuşab turmadımI didn't keep softening | senjumuşab turmadıŋyou didn't keep softening | oljumuşab turmadıhe didn't keep softening | bizjumuşab turmadıqwe didn't keep softening | sizjumuşab turmadığızyou all didn't keep softening | alajumuşab turmadılathey didn't keep softening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjumuşarmaI will soften | senjumuşarsayou will soften | oljumuşarhe will soften | bizjumuşarbızwe will soften | sizjumuşarsızyou all will soften | alajumuşarlathey will soften |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjumuşamazmaI won't soften | senjumuşamazsayou won't soften | oljumuşamazhe won't soften | bizjumuşamazbızwe won't soften | sizjumuşamazsızyou all won't soften | alajumuşamazlathey won't soften |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjumuşarmamı? jumuşarmıma?will I soften? | senjumuşarmısa?will you soften? | oljumuşarmı?will he soften? | bizjumuşarbızmı? jumuşarmıbız?will we soften? | sizjumuşarmısız?will you all soften? | alajumuşarlamı? jumuşarmıla?will they soften? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjumuşamazmamı? jumuşamazmıma?won't I soften? | senjumuşamazmısa?won't you soften? | oljumuşamazmı?won't he soften? | bizjumuşamazbızmı? jumuşamazmıbız?won't we soften? | sizjumuşamazmısız?won't you all soften? | alajumuşamazlamı? jumuşamazmıla?won't they soften? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumuşarıqmaI am going to soften | senjumuşarıqsayou are going to soften | oljumuşarıqdıhe is going to soften | bizjumuşarıqbızwe are going to soften | sizjumuşarıqsızyou all are going to soften | alajumuşarıqdılathey are going to soften |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumuşarıq tülmeI am not going to soften | senjumuşarıq tülseyou are not going to soften | oljumuşarıq tüldühe is not going to soften | bizjumuşarıq tülbüzwe are not going to soften | sizjumuşarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to soften | alajumuşarıq tüldülethey are not going to soften |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumuşarıqmamı? jumuşarıqmıma?am I going to soften? | senjumuşarıqmısa?are you going to soften? | oljumuşarıqmıdı?is he going to soften? | bizjumuşarıqbızmı? jumuşarıqmıbız?are we going to soften? | sizjumuşarıqmısız?are you all going to soften? | alajumuşarıqmıdıla?are they going to soften? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjumuşarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to soften? | senjumuşarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to soften? | oljumuşarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to soften? | bizjumuşarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to soften? | sizjumuşarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to soften? | alajumuşarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to soften? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjumuşağan edimjumuşağanemI had softened | senjumuşağan ediŋjumuşağaneŋyou had softened | oljumuşağan edijumuşağanedhe had softened | bizjumuşağan edikjumuşağanekwe had softened | sizjumuşağan edigizjumuşağanegizyou all had softened | alajumuşağan edilejumuşağanellethey had softened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjumuşamağan edimjumuşamağanemI hadn't softened | senjumuşamağan ediŋjumuşamağaneŋyou hadn't softened | oljumuşamağan edijumuşamağanedhe hadn't softened | bizjumuşamağan edikjumuşamağanekwe hadn't softened | sizjumuşamağan edigizjumuşamağanegizyou all hadn't softened | alajumuşamağan edilejumuşamağanellethey hadn't softened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjumuşay edimjumuşayemI was softening | senjumuşay ediŋjumuşayeŋyou were softening | oljumuşay edijumuşayedhe was softening | bizjumuşay edikjumuşayekwe were softening | sizjumuşay edigizjumuşayegizyou all were softening | alajumuşay edilejumuşayellethey were softening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjumuşamay edimjumuşamayemI wasn't softening | senjumuşamay ediŋjumuşamayeŋyou weren't softening | oljumuşamay edijumuşamayedhe wasn't softening | bizjumuşamay edikjumuşamayekwe weren't softening | sizjumuşamay edigizjumuşamayegizyou all weren't softening | alajumuşamay edilejumuşamayellethey weren't softening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjumuşawçan edimjumuşawçanemI used to soften | senjumuşawçan ediŋjumuşawçaneŋyou used to soften | oljumuşawçan edijumuşawçanedhe used to soften | bizjumuşawçan edikjumuşawçanekwe used to soften | sizjumuşawçan edigizjumuşawçanegizyou all used to soften | alajumuşawçan edilejumuşawçanellethey used to soften |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjumuşamawçan edimjumuşamawçanemI didn't use to soften | senjumuşamawçan ediŋjumuşamawçaneŋyou didn't use to soften | oljumuşamawçan edijumuşamawçanedhe didn't use to soften | bizjumuşamawçan edikjumuşamawçanekwe didn't use to soften | sizjumuşamawçan edigizjumuşamawçanegizyou all didn't use to soften | alajumuşamawçan edilejumuşamawçanellethey didn't use to soften |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljumuşab edihe had softened and remained so | alajumuşab edilethey had softened and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljumuşab tül edihe hadn't softened | alajumuşab tül edilethey hadn't softened | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjumuşab tura edimjumuşab turaemI had kept softening | senjumuşab tura ediŋjumuşab turaeŋyou had kept softening | oljumuşab tura edijumuşab turaedhe had kept softening | bizjumuşab tura edikjumuşab turaekwe had kept softening | sizjumuşab tura edigizjumuşab turaegizyou all had kept softening | alajumuşab tura edilejumuşab turaellethey had kept softening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjumuşab turmay edimjumuşab turmayemI hadn't kept softening | senjumuşab turmay ediŋjumuşab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept softening | oljumuşab turmay edijumuşab turmayedhe hadn't kept softening | bizjumuşab turmay edikjumuşab turmayekwe hadn't kept softening | sizjumuşab turmay edigizjumuşab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept softening | alajumuşab turmay edilejumuşab turmayellethey hadn't kept softening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjumuşay tura edimjumuşay turaemI was in the middle of softening | senjumuşay tura ediŋjumuşay turaeŋyou were in the middle of softening | oljumuşay tura edijumuşay turaedhe was in the middle of softening | bizjumuşay tura edikjumuşay turaekwe were in the middle of softening | sizjumuşay tura edigizjumuşay turaegizyou all were in the middle of softening | alajumuşay tura edilejumuşay turaellethey were in the middle of softening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjumuşay turmay edimjumuşay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of softening | senjumuşay turmay ediŋjumuşay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of softening | oljumuşay turmay edijumuşay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of softening | bizjumuşay turmay edikjumuşay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of softening | sizjumuşay turmay edigizjumuşay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of softening | alajumuşay turmay edilejumuşay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of softening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjumuşar edimjumuşar emI would soften | senjumuşar ediŋjumuşar eŋyou would soften | oljumuşar edijumuşar edhe would soften | bizjumuşar edikjumuşar ekwe would soften | sizjumuşar edigizjumuşar egizyou all would soften | alajumuşar edilejumuşar ellethey would soften |
| Conditional result (would) | menjumuşamaz edimjumuşamaz emI wouldn't soften | senjumuşamaz ediŋjumuşamaz eŋyou wouldn't soften | oljumuşamaz edijumuşamaz edhe wouldn't soften | bizjumuşamaz edikjumuşamaz ekwe wouldn't soften | sizjumuşamaz edigizjumuşamaz egizyou all wouldn't soften | alajumuşamaz edilejumuşamaz ellethey wouldn't soften |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjumuşarıq edimjumuşarıq emI would have softened | senjumuşarıq ediŋjumuşarıq eŋyou would have softened | oljumuşarıq edijumuşarıq edhe would have softened | bizjumuşarıq edikjumuşarıq ekwe would have softened | sizjumuşarıq edigizjumuşarıq egizyou all would have softened | alajumuşarıq edilejumuşarıq ellethey would have softened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjumuşarıq tül edimjumuşarıq tül emI wouldn't have softened | senjumuşarıq tül ediŋjumuşarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have softened | oljumuşarıq tül edijumuşarıq tül edhe wouldn't have softened | bizjumuşarıq tül edikjumuşarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have softened | sizjumuşarıq tül edigizjumuşarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have softened | alajumuşarıq tül edilejumuşarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have softened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjumuşasamif I soften | senjumuşasaŋif you soften | oljumuşasaif he softens | bizjumuşasaqif we soften | sizjumuşasağızif you all soften | alajumuşasalaif they soften |
| Conditional | menjumuşamasamif I don't soften | senjumuşamasaŋif you don't soften | oljumuşamasaif he doesn't soften | bizjumuşamasaqif we don't soften | sizjumuşamasağızif you all don't soften | alajumuşamasalaif they don't soften |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjumuşay esemif I am softening | senjumuşay eseŋif you are softening | oljumuşay eseif he is softening | bizjumuşay esekif we are softening | sizjumuşay esegizif you all are softening | alajumuşay eseleif they are softening |
| Conditional, present real | menjumuşamay esemif I am not softening | senjumuşamay eseŋif you are not softening | oljumuşamay eseif he is not softening | bizjumuşamay esekif we are not softening | sizjumuşamay esegizif you all are not softening | alajumuşamay eseleif they are not softening |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjumuşasam edijumuşasam edif only I softened | senjumuşasaŋ edijumuşasaŋ edif only you softened | oljumuşasa edijumuşasaedif only he softened | bizjumuşasaq edijumuşasaq edif only we softened | sizjumuşasağız edijumuşasağız edif only you all softened | alajumuşasala edijumuşasalaedif only they softened |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjumuşamasam edijumuşamasam edif only I didn't soften | senjumuşamasaŋ edijumuşamasaŋ edif only you didn't soften | oljumuşamasa edijumuşamasaedif only he didn't soften | bizjumuşamasaq edijumuşamasaq edif only we didn't soften | sizjumuşamasağız edijumuşamasağız edif only you all didn't soften | alajumuşamasala edijumuşamasalaedif only they didn't soften |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjumuşab tursamif I carry on softening | senjumuşab tursaŋif you carry on softening | oljumuşab tursaif he carries on softening | bizjumuşab tursaqif we carry on softening | sizjumuşab tursağızif you all carry on softening | alajumuşab tursalaif they carry on softening |
| Durative conditional | menjumuşab turmasamif I don't carry on softening | senjumuşab turmasaŋif you don't carry on softening | oljumuşab turmasaif he doesn't carry on softening | bizjumuşab turmasaqif we don't carry on softening | sizjumuşab turmasağızif you all don't carry on softening | alajumuşab turmasalaif they don't carry on softening |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjumuşab tura esemif I have kept softening | senjumuşab tura eseŋif you have kept softening | oljumuşab tura eseif he has kept softening | bizjumuşab tura esekif we have kept softening | sizjumuşab tura esegizif you all have kept softening | alajumuşab tura eseleif they have kept softening |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjumuşab turmay esemif I haven't kept softening | senjumuşab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept softening | oljumuşab turmay eseif he hasn't kept softening | bizjumuşab turmay esekif we haven't kept softening | sizjumuşab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept softening | alajumuşab turmay eseleif they haven't kept softening |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjumuşay tursamif I keep softening | senjumuşay tursaŋif you keep softening | oljumuşay tursaif he keeps softening | bizjumuşay tursaqif we keep softening | sizjumuşay tursağızif you all keep softening | alajumuşay tursalaif they keep softening |
| Progressive conditional | menjumuşamay tursamif I keep on not softening | senjumuşamay tursaŋif you keep on not softening | oljumuşamay tursaif he keeps on not softening | bizjumuşamay tursaqif we keep on not softening | sizjumuşamay tursağızif you all keep on not softening | alajumuşamay tursalaif they keep on not softening |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjumuşay tura esemif I am in the middle of softening | senjumuşay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of softening | oljumuşay tura eseif he is in the middle of softening | bizjumuşay tura esekif we are in the middle of softening | sizjumuşay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of softening | alajumuşay tura eseleif they are in the middle of softening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjumuşamay tura esemif I keep on not softening | senjumuşamay tura eseŋif you keep on not softening | oljumuşamay tura eseif he keeps on not softening | bizjumuşamay tura esekif we keep on not softening | sizjumuşamay tura esegizif you all keep on not softening | alajumuşamay tura eseleif they keep on not softening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjumuşadım esemif I softened | senjumuşadıŋ eseŋif you softened | oljumuşadı eseif he softened | bizjumuşadıq esekif we softened | sizjumuşadığız esegizif you all softened | alajumuşadıla eseleif they softened |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjumuşamadım esemif I didn't soften | senjumuşamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't soften | oljumuşamadı eseif he didn't soften | bizjumuşamadıq esekif we didn't soften | sizjumuşamadığız esegizif you all didn't soften | alajumuşamadıla eseleif they didn't soften |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjumuşağan esemif I did soften (indeed) | senjumuşağan eseŋif you did soften (indeed) | oljumuşağan eseif he did soften (indeed) | bizjumuşağan esekif we did soften (indeed) | sizjumuşağan esegizif you all did soften (indeed) | alajumuşağan eseleif they did soften (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjumuşamağan esemif I didn't soften (indeed) | senjumuşamağan eseŋif you didn't soften (indeed) | oljumuşamağan eseif he didn't soften (indeed) | bizjumuşamağan esekif we didn't soften (indeed) | sizjumuşamağan esegizif you all didn't soften (indeed) | alajumuşamağan eseleif they didn't soften (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjumuşağan bolsamif I had softened | senjumuşağan bolsaŋif you had softened | oljumuşağan bolsaif he had softened | bizjumuşağan bolsaqif we had softened | sizjumuşağan bolsağızif you all had softened | alajumuşağan bolsalaif they had softened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjumuşamağan bolsamif I hadn't softened | senjumuşamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't softened | oljumuşamağan bolsaif he hadn't softened | bizjumuşamağan bolsaqif we hadn't softened | sizjumuşamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't softened | alajumuşamağan bolsalaif they hadn't softened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjumuşağan bolsam edijumuşağan bolsam edif only I had softened | senjumuşağan bolsaŋ edijumuşağan bolsaŋ edif only you had softened | oljumuşağan bolsa edijumuşağan bolsaedif only he had softened | bizjumuşağan bolsaq edijumuşağan bolsaq edif only we had softened | sizjumuşağan bolsağız edijumuşağan bolsağız edif only you all had softened | alajumuşağan bolsala edijumuşağan bolsalaedif only they had softened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjumuşamağan bolsam edijumuşamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't softened | senjumuşamağan bolsaŋ edijumuşamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't softened | oljumuşamağan bolsa edijumuşamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't softened | bizjumuşamağan bolsaq edijumuşamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't softened | sizjumuşamağan bolsağız edijumuşamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't softened | alajumuşamağan bolsala edijumuşamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't softened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjumuşar esemif I will soften | senjumuşar eseŋif you will soften | oljumuşar eseif he will soften | bizjumuşar esekif we will soften | sizjumuşar esegizif you all will soften | alajumuşar eseleif they will soften |
| Conditional, aorist | menjumuşamaz esemif I won't soften | senjumuşamaz eseŋif you won't soften | oljumuşamaz eseif he won't soften | bizjumuşamaz esekif we won't soften | sizjumuşamaz esegizif you all won't soften | alajumuşamaz eseleif they won't soften |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjumuşarıq esemif I am going to soften | senjumuşarıq eseŋif you are going to soften | oljumuşarıq eseif he is going to soften | bizjumuşarıq esekif we are going to soften | sizjumuşarıq esegizif you all are going to soften | alajumuşarıq eseleif they are going to soften |
| Conditional, future | menjumuşarıq tül esemif I am not going to soften | senjumuşarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to soften | oljumuşarıq tül eseif he is not going to soften | bizjumuşarıq tül esekif we are not going to soften | sizjumuşarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to soften | alajumuşarıq tül eseleif they are not going to soften |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjumuşarıq bolsamif I were going to soften | senjumuşarıq bolsaŋif you were going to soften | oljumuşarıq bolsaif he were going to soften | bizjumuşarıq bolsaqif we were going to soften | sizjumuşarıq bolsağızif you all were going to soften | alajumuşarıq bolsalaif they were going to soften |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjumuşamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to soften | senjumuşamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to soften | oljumuşamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to soften | bizjumuşamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to soften | sizjumuşamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to soften | alajumuşamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to soften |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jumuşadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjumuşay bolurmaI must be softening | senjumuşay bolursayou must be softening | oljumuşay bolurhe must be softening | bizjumuşay bolurbuzwe must be softening | sizjumuşay bolursuzyou all must be softening | alajumuşay bolurlathey must be softening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjumuşamay bolurmaI must not be softening | senjumuşamay bolursayou must not be softening | oljumuşamay bolurhe must not be softening | bizjumuşamay bolurbuzwe must not be softening | sizjumuşamay bolursuzyou all must not be softening | alajumuşamay bolurlathey must not be softening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjumuşay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of softening | senjumuşay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of softening | oljumuşay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of softening | bizjumuşay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of softening | sizjumuşay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of softening | alajumuşay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of softening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjumuşamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not softening | senjumuşamay tura bolursayou must keep on not softening | oljumuşamay tura bolurhe must keep on not softening | bizjumuşamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not softening | sizjumuşamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not softening | alajumuşamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not softening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjumuşağan bolurmaI must have softened | senjumuşağan bolursayou must have softened | oljumuşağan bolurhe must have softened | bizjumuşağan bolurbuzwe must have softened | sizjumuşağan bolursuzyou all must have softened | alajumuşağan bolurlathey must have softened |
| Inference (must have) | menjumuşamağan bolurmaI must not have softened | senjumuşamağan bolursayou must not have softened | oljumuşamağan bolurhe must not have softened | bizjumuşamağan bolurbuzwe must not have softened | sizjumuşamağan bolursuzyou all must not have softened | alajumuşamağan bolurlathey must not have softened |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjumuşarıq bolurmaI must be going to soften | senjumuşarıq bolursayou must be going to soften | oljumuşarıq bolurhe must be going to soften | bizjumuşarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to soften | sizjumuşarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to soften | alajumuşarıq bolurlathey must be going to soften |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjumuşamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to soften | senjumuşamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to soften | oljumuşamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to soften | bizjumuşamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to soften | sizjumuşamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to soften | alajumuşamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to soften |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjumuşayımlet me soften | senjumuşa!soften! | oljumuşasınlet him soften | bizjumuşayıqlet's soften | sizjumuşağız!soften, you all! | alajumuşasınlalet them soften |
| Commands & suggestions | menjumuşamayımlet me not soften | senjumuşama!don't soften! | oljumuşamasınlet him not soften | bizjumuşamayıqlet's not soften | sizjumuşamağız!don't soften, you all! | alajumuşamasınlalet them not soften |
| Commands & suggestions | menjumuşayımmı?shall I soften? | oljumuşasınmı?should he soften? | bizjumuşayıqmı?shall we soften? | alajumuşasınlamı?should they soften? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjumuşamayımmı?shall I not soften? | oljumuşamasınmı?should he not soften? | bizjumuşamayıqmı?shall we not soften? | alajumuşamasınlamı?should they not soften? | ||
| Requests | senjumuşaçı2jumuşaçınplease soften | oljumuşasınçıdo let him soften | sizjumuşaçığızplease soften (plural/polite) | alajumuşasınlaçıdo let them soften | ||
| Requests | senjumuşamaçı2jumuşamaçınplease don't soften | oljumuşamasınçıdo let him not soften | sizjumuşamaçığızplease don't soften (plural/polite) | alajumuşamasınlaçıdo let them not soften | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjumuşağınjumuşağımay you soften | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjumuşamağınjumuşamağımay you not soften | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjumuşağay edim jumuşağa edimwould that I softened | senjumuşağay ediŋ jumuşağa ediŋwould that you softened | oljumuşağay edi jumuşağa ediwould that he softened | bizjumuşağay edik jumuşağa edikwould that we softened | sizjumuşağay edigiz jumuşağa edigizwould that you all softened | alajumuşağay edile jumuşağa edilewould that they softened |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjumuşamağay edim jumuşamağa edimwould that I did not soften | senjumuşamağay ediŋ jumuşamağa ediŋwould that you did not soften | oljumuşamağay edi jumuşamağa ediwould that he did not soften | bizjumuşamağay edik jumuşamağa edikwould that we did not soften | sizjumuşamağay edigiz jumuşamağa edigizwould that you all did not soften | alajumuşamağay edile jumuşamağa edilewould that they did not soften |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjumuşamağa qoyayımjumuşama qoyayımlet me allow someone to soften | senjumuşamağa qoy!jumuşama qoy!let someone soften! | oljumuşamağa qoysunjumuşama qoysunlet him allow someone to soften | bizjumuşamağa qoyayıqjumuşama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to soften | sizjumuşamağa qoyuğuz!jumuşama qoyuğuz!let someone soften, you all! | alajumuşamağa qoysunlajumuşama qoysunlalet them allow someone to soften |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjumuşamağa qoymayımjumuşama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to soften | senjumuşamağa qoyma!jumuşama qoyma!don't let someone soften! | oljumuşamağa qoymasınjumuşama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to soften | bizjumuşamağa qoymayıqjumuşama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to soften | sizjumuşamağa qoymağız!jumuşama qoymağız!don't let someone soften, you all! | alajumuşamağa qoymasınlajumuşama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to soften |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjumuşamağa qoyayımmı?jumuşama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to soften? | oljumuşamağa qoysunmu?jumuşama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to soften? | bizjumuşamağa qoyayıqmı?jumuşama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to soften? | alajumuşamağa qoysunlamı?jumuşama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to soften? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjumuşamağa qoymayımmı?jumuşama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to soften? | oljumuşamağa qoymasınmı?jumuşama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to soften? | bizjumuşamağa qoymayıqmı?jumuşama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to soften? | alajumuşamağa qoymasınlamı?jumuşama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to soften? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjumuşamağa qoyamajumuşama qoyamaI allow someone to soften | senjumuşamağa qoyasajumuşama qoyasayou allow someone to soften | oljumuşamağa qoyadıjumuşama qoyadıhe allows someone to soften | bizjumuşamağa qoyabızjumuşama qoyabızwe allow someone to soften | sizjumuşamağa qoyasızjumuşama qoyasızyou all allow someone to soften | alajumuşamağa qoyadılajumuşama qoyadılathey allow someone to soften |
| Let someone… (present) | menjumuşamağa qoymaymajumuşama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to soften | senjumuşamağa qoymaysajumuşama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to soften | oljumuşamağa qoymaydıjumuşama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to soften | bizjumuşamağa qoymaybızjumuşama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to soften | sizjumuşamağa qoymaysızjumuşama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to soften | alajumuşamağa qoymaydılajumuşama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to soften |
| Let someone… (present) | menjumuşamağa qoyamamı?jumuşama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to soften? | senjumuşamağa qoyamısa?jumuşama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to soften? | oljumuşamağa qoyamıdı?jumuşama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to soften? | bizjumuşamağa qoyabızmı?jumuşama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to soften? | sizjumuşamağa qoyamısız?jumuşama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to soften? | alajumuşamağa qoyamıdıla?jumuşama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to soften? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjumuşamağa qoymaymamı?jumuşama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to soften? | senjumuşamağa qoymaymısa?jumuşama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to soften? | oljumuşamağa qoymaymıdı?jumuşama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to soften? | bizjumuşamağa qoymaybızmı?jumuşama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to soften? | sizjumuşamağa qoymaymısız?jumuşama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to soften? | alajumuşamağa qoymaymıdıla?jumuşama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to soften? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjumuşamağa qoydumjumuşama qoydumI allowed someone to soften | senjumuşamağa qoyduŋjumuşama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to soften | oljumuşamağa qoydujumuşama qoyduhe allowed someone to soften | bizjumuşamağa qoyduqjumuşama qoyduqwe allowed someone to soften | sizjumuşamağa qoyduğuzjumuşama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to soften | alajumuşamağa qoydulajumuşama qoydulathey allowed someone to soften |
| Let someone… (past) | menjumuşamağa qoymadımjumuşama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to soften | senjumuşamağa qoymadıŋjumuşama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to soften | oljumuşamağa qoymadıjumuşama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to soften | bizjumuşamağa qoymadıqjumuşama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to soften | sizjumuşamağa qoymadığızjumuşama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to soften | alajumuşamağa qoymadılajumuşama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to soften |
| Let someone… (past) | menjumuşamağa qoydummu?jumuşama qoydummu?did I allow someone to soften? | senjumuşamağa qoyduŋmu?jumuşama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to soften? | oljumuşamağa qoydumu?jumuşama qoydumu?did he allow someone to soften? | bizjumuşamağa qoyduqmu?jumuşama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to soften? | sizjumuşamağa qoyduğuzmu?jumuşama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to soften? | alajumuşamağa qoydulamı?jumuşama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to soften? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjumuşamağa qoymadımmı?jumuşama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to soften? | senjumuşamağa qoymadıŋmı?jumuşama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to soften? | oljumuşamağa qoymadımı?jumuşama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to soften? | bizjumuşamağa qoymadıqmı?jumuşama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to soften? | sizjumuşamağa qoymadığızmı?jumuşama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to soften? | alajumuşamağa qoymadılamı?jumuşama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to soften? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jumuşayalırğa be able to soften · jumuşayalmazğa be unable to soften
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjumuşayalamaI can soften | senjumuşayalasayou can soften | oljumuşayaladıhe can soften | bizjumuşayalabızwe can soften | sizjumuşayalasızyou all can soften | alajumuşayaladılathey can soften |
| Ability — present | menjumuşayalmaymaI can't soften | senjumuşayalmaysayou can't soften | oljumuşayalmaydıhe can't soften | bizjumuşayalmaybızwe can't soften | sizjumuşayalmaysızyou all can't soften | alajumuşayalmaydılathey can't soften |
| Ability — present | menjumuşayalamamı? jumuşayalamıma?can I soften? | senjumuşayalamısa?can you soften? | oljumuşayalamıdı?can he soften? | bizjumuşayalabızmı? jumuşayalamıbız?can we soften? | sizjumuşayalamısız?can you all soften? | alajumuşayalamıdıla?can they soften? |
| Ability — present | menjumuşayalmaymamı? jumuşayalmaymıma?can't I soften? | senjumuşayalmaymısa?can't you soften? | oljumuşayalmaymıdı?can't he soften? | bizjumuşayalmaybızmı? jumuşayalmaymıbız?can't we soften? | sizjumuşayalmaymısız?can't you all soften? | alajumuşayalmaymıdıla?can't they soften? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjumuşayalsamif I can soften | senjumuşayalsaŋif you can soften | oljumuşayalsaif he can soften | bizjumuşayalsaqif we can soften | sizjumuşayalsağızif you all can soften | alajumuşayalsalaif they can soften |
| Ability — if I can… | menjumuşayalmasamif I can't soften | senjumuşayalmasaŋif you can't soften | oljumuşayalmasaif he can't soften | bizjumuşayalmasaqif we can't soften | sizjumuşayalmasağızif you all can't soften | alajumuşayalmasalaif they can't soften |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjumuşayaldımI was able to soften | senjumuşayaldıŋyou were able to soften | oljumuşayaldıhe was able to soften | bizjumuşayaldıqwe were able to soften | sizjumuşayaldığızyou all were able to soften | alajumuşayaldılathey were able to soften |
| Ability — simple past | menjumuşayalmadımI could not soften | senjumuşayalmadıŋyou could not soften | oljumuşayalmadıhe could not soften | bizjumuşayalmadıqwe could not soften | sizjumuşayalmadığızyou all could not soften | alajumuşayalmadılathey could not soften |
| Ability — simple past | menjumuşayaldımmı?was I able to soften? | senjumuşayaldıŋmı?were you able to soften? | oljumuşayaldımı?was he able to soften? | bizjumuşayaldıqmı?were we able to soften? | sizjumuşayaldığızmı?were you all able to soften? | alajumuşayaldılamı?were they able to soften? |
| Ability — simple past | menjumuşayalmadımmı?couldn't I soften? | senjumuşayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you soften? | oljumuşayalmadımı?couldn't he soften? | bizjumuşayalmadıqmı?couldn't we soften? | sizjumuşayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all soften? | alajumuşayalmadılamı?couldn't they soften? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumuşayalğanmaI have been able to soften | senjumuşayalğansayou have been able to soften | oljumuşayalğandıhe has been able to soften | bizjumuşayalğanbızwe have been able to soften | sizjumuşayalğansızyou all have been able to soften | alajumuşayalğandılathey have been able to soften |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumuşayalmağanmaI haven't been able to soften | senjumuşayalmağansayou haven't been able to soften | oljumuşayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to soften | bizjumuşayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to soften | sizjumuşayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to soften | alajumuşayalmağandılathey haven't been able to soften |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumuşayalğanmamı? jumuşayalğanmıma?have I been able to soften? | senjumuşayalğanmısa?have you been able to soften? | oljumuşayalğanmıdı?has he been able to soften? | bizjumuşayalğanbızmı? jumuşayalğanmıbız?have we been able to soften? | sizjumuşayalğanmısız?have you all been able to soften? | alajumuşayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to soften? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjumuşayalmağanmamı? jumuşayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to soften? | senjumuşayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to soften? | oljumuşayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to soften? | bizjumuşayalmağanbızmı? jumuşayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to soften? | sizjumuşayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to soften? | alajumuşayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to soften? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjumuşayalğan edimjumuşayalğanemI had been able to soften | senjumuşayalğan ediŋjumuşayalğaneŋyou had been able to soften | oljumuşayalğan edijumuşayalğanedhe had been able to soften | bizjumuşayalğan edikjumuşayalğanekwe had been able to soften | sizjumuşayalğan edigizjumuşayalğanegizyou all had been able to soften | alajumuşayalğan edilejumuşayalğanellethey had been able to soften |
| Ability — past perfect | menjumuşayalmağan edimjumuşayalmağanemI hadn't been able to soften | senjumuşayalmağan ediŋjumuşayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to soften | oljumuşayalmağan edijumuşayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to soften | bizjumuşayalmağan edikjumuşayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to soften | sizjumuşayalmağan edigizjumuşayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to soften | alajumuşayalmağan edilejumuşayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to soften |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjumuşayala edimjumuşayalaemI could soften | senjumuşayala ediŋjumuşayalaeŋyou could soften | oljumuşayala edijumuşayalaedhe could soften | bizjumuşayala edikjumuşayalaekwe could soften | sizjumuşayala edigizjumuşayalaegizyou all could soften | alajumuşayala edilejumuşayalaellethey could soften |
| Ability — past background | menjumuşayalmay edimjumuşayalmayemI could not soften | senjumuşayalmay ediŋjumuşayalmayeŋyou could not soften | oljumuşayalmay edijumuşayalmayedhe could not soften | bizjumuşayalmay edikjumuşayalmayekwe could not soften | sizjumuşayalmay edigizjumuşayalmayegizyou all could not soften | alajumuşayalmay edilejumuşayalmayellethey could not soften |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjumuşayalırmaI will be able to soften | senjumuşayalırsayou will be able to soften | oljumuşayalırhe will be able to soften | bizjumuşayalırbızwe will be able to soften | sizjumuşayalırsızyou all will be able to soften | alajumuşayalırlathey will be able to soften |
| Ability — future I | menjumuşayalmazmaI won't be able to soften | senjumuşayalmazsayou won't be able to soften | oljumuşayalmazhe won't be able to soften | bizjumuşayalmazbızwe won't be able to soften | sizjumuşayalmazsızyou all won't be able to soften | alajumuşayalmazlathey won't be able to soften |
| Ability — future I | menjumuşayalırmamı? jumuşayalırmıma?will I be able to soften? | senjumuşayalırmısa?will you be able to soften? | oljumuşayalırmı?will he be able to soften? | bizjumuşayalırbızmı? jumuşayalırmıbız?will we be able to soften? | sizjumuşayalırmısız?will you all be able to soften? | alajumuşayalırlamı? jumuşayalırmıla?will they be able to soften? |
| Ability — future I | menjumuşayalmazmamı? jumuşayalmazmıma?won't I be able to soften? | senjumuşayalmazmısa?won't you be able to soften? | oljumuşayalmazmı?won't he be able to soften? | bizjumuşayalmazbızmı? jumuşayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to soften? | sizjumuşayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to soften? | alajumuşayalmazlamı? jumuşayalmazmıla?won't they be able to soften? |
| Ability — future II | menjumuşayallıqmaI am going to be able to soften | senjumuşayallıqsayou are going to be able to soften | oljumuşayallıqdıhe is going to be able to soften | bizjumuşayallıqbızwe are going to be able to soften | sizjumuşayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to soften | alajumuşayallıqdılathey are going to be able to soften |
| Ability — future II | menjumuşayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to soften | senjumuşayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to soften | oljumuşayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to soften | bizjumuşayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to soften | sizjumuşayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to soften | alajumuşayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to soften |
| Ability — future II | menjumuşayallıqmamı? jumuşayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to soften? | senjumuşayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to soften? | oljumuşayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to soften? | bizjumuşayallıqbızmı? jumuşayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to soften? | sizjumuşayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to soften? | alajumuşayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to soften? |
| Ability — future II | menjumuşayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to soften? | senjumuşayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to soften? | oljumuşayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to soften? | bizjumuşayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to soften? | sizjumuşayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to soften? | alajumuşayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to soften? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjumuşayalır edimjumuşayalır emI would be able to soften | senjumuşayalır ediŋjumuşayalır eŋyou would be able to soften | oljumuşayalır edijumuşayalır edhe would be able to soften | bizjumuşayalır edikjumuşayalır ekwe would be able to soften | sizjumuşayalır edigizjumuşayalır egizyou all would be able to soften | alajumuşayalır edilejumuşayalır ellethey would be able to soften |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjumuşayalmaz edimjumuşayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to soften | senjumuşayalmaz ediŋjumuşayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to soften | oljumuşayalmaz edijumuşayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to soften | bizjumuşayalmaz edikjumuşayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to soften | sizjumuşayalmaz edigizjumuşayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to soften | alajumuşayalmaz edilejumuşayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to soften |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjumuşayalğınjumuşayalğımay you be able to soften | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjumuşayalmağınjumuşayalmağımay you not be able to soften | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjumuşarğa izleymeI want to soften | senjumuşarğa izleyseyou want to soften | oljumuşarğa izleydihe wants to soften | bizjumuşarğa izleybizwe want to soften | sizjumuşarğa izleysizyou all want to soften | alajumuşarğa izleydilethey want to soften |
| want to | menjumuşarğa izlemeymeI do not want to soften | senjumuşarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to soften | oljumuşarğa izlemeydihe does not want to soften | bizjumuşarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to soften | sizjumuşarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to soften | alajumuşarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to soften |
| would like to | menjumuşarğa süemeI would like to soften | senjumuşarğa süeseyou would like to soften | oljumuşarğa süedihe would like to soften | bizjumuşarğa süebizwe would like to soften | sizjumuşarğa süesizyou all would like to soften | alajumuşarğa süedilethey would like to soften |
| would like to | menjumuşarğa süymeymeI would not like to soften | senjumuşarğa süymeyseyou would not like to soften | oljumuşarğa süymeydihe would not like to soften | bizjumuşarğa süymeybizwe would not like to soften | sizjumuşarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to soften | alajumuşarğa süymeydilethey would not like to soften |
| hope to | menjumuşarğa umutlanamaI hope to soften | senjumuşarğa umutlanasayou hope to soften | oljumuşarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to soften | bizjumuşarğa umutlanabızwe hope to soften | sizjumuşarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to soften | alajumuşarğa umutlanadılathey hope to soften |
| hope to | menjumuşarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to soften | senjumuşarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to soften | oljumuşarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to soften | bizjumuşarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to soften | sizjumuşarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to soften | alajumuşarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to soften |
| be about to | menjumuşarğa deb turamaI am about to soften | senjumuşarğa deb turasayou are about to soften | oljumuşarğa deb turadıhe is about to soften | bizjumuşarğa deb turabızwe are about to soften | sizjumuşarğa deb turasızyou all are about to soften | alajumuşarğa deb turadılathey are about to soften |
| be about to | menjumuşarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to soften | senjumuşarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to soften | oljumuşarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to soften | bizjumuşarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to soften | sizjumuşarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to soften | alajumuşarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to soften |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjumuşarğa kerekmeI need to soften | senjumuşarğa kerekseyou need to soften | oljumuşarğa kerekdihe needs to soften | bizjumuşarğa kerekbizwe need to soften | sizjumuşarğa kereksizyou all need to soften | alajumuşarğa kerekdilethey need to soften |
| need to | menjumuşarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to soften | senjumuşarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to soften | oljumuşarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to soften | bizjumuşarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to soften | sizjumuşarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to soften | alajumuşarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to soften |
| have to | menmenŋe jumuşarğa tüşediI have to soften | sensenŋe jumuşarğa tüşediyou have to soften | olaŋa jumuşarğa tüşedihe has to soften | bizbizge jumuşarğa tüşediwe have to soften | sizsizge jumuşarğa tüşediyou all have to soften | alaalağa jumuşarğa tüşedithey have to soften |
| have to | menmenŋe jumuşarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to soften | sensenŋe jumuşarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to soften | olaŋa jumuşarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to soften | bizbizge jumuşarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to soften | sizsizge jumuşarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to soften | alaalağa jumuşarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to soften |
| be obliged to | menjumuşarğa borçlumaI am obliged to soften | senjumuşarğa borçlusayou are obliged to soften | oljumuşarğa borçluduhe is obliged to soften | bizjumuşarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to soften | sizjumuşarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to soften | alajumuşarğa borçludulathey are obliged to soften |
| be obliged to | menjumuşarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to soften | senjumuşarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to soften | oljumuşarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to soften | bizjumuşarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to soften | sizjumuşarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to soften | alajumuşarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to soften |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjumuşarğa madarım bardıI have a way to soften | senjumuşarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to soften | oljumuşarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to soften | bizjumuşarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to soften | sizjumuşarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to soften | alajumuşarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to soften |
| have a way to | menjumuşarğa madarım joqduI have no way to soften | senjumuşarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to soften | oljumuşarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to soften | bizjumuşarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to soften | sizjumuşarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to soften | alajumuşarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to soften |
| be free to | menjumuşarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to soften | senjumuşarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to soften | oljumuşarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to soften | bizjumuşarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to soften | sizjumuşarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to soften | alajumuşarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to soften |
| be free to | menjumuşarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to soften | senjumuşarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to soften | oljumuşarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to soften | bizjumuşarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to soften | sizjumuşarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to soften | alajumuşarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to soften |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jumuşarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to soften | sensenŋe jumuşarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to soften | olaŋa jumuşarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to soften | bizbizge jumuşarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to soften | sizsizge jumuşarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to soften | alaalağa jumuşarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to soften |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jumuşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to soften | sensenŋe jumuşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to soften | olaŋa jumuşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to soften | bizbizge jumuşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to soften | sizsizge jumuşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to soften | alaalağa jumuşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to soften |
| be ready to | menjumuşarğa hazırmaI am ready to soften | senjumuşarğa hazırsayou are ready to soften | oljumuşarğa hazırdıhe is ready to soften | bizjumuşarğa hazırbızwe are ready to soften | sizjumuşarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to soften | alajumuşarğa hazırdılathey are ready to soften |
| be ready to | menjumuşarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to soften | senjumuşarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to soften | oljumuşarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to soften | bizjumuşarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to soften | sizjumuşarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to soften | alajumuşarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to soften |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjumuşarğa küreşemeI am trying to soften | senjumuşarğa küreşeseyou are trying to soften | oljumuşarğa küreşedihe is trying to soften | bizjumuşarğa küreşebizwe are trying to soften | sizjumuşarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to soften | alajumuşarğa küreşedilethey are trying to soften |
| try to | menjumuşarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to soften | senjumuşarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to soften | oljumuşarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to soften | bizjumuşarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to soften | sizjumuşarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to soften | alajumuşarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to soften |
| agree to | menjumuşarğa unaymaI agree to soften | senjumuşarğa unaysayou agree to soften | oljumuşarğa unaydıhe agrees to soften | bizjumuşarğa unaybızwe agree to soften | sizjumuşarğa unaysızyou all agree to soften | alajumuşarğa unaydılathey agree to soften |
| agree to | menjumuşarğa unamaymaI refuse to soften | senjumuşarğa unamaysayou refuse to soften | oljumuşarğa unamaydıhe refuses to soften | bizjumuşarğa unamaybızwe refuse to soften | sizjumuşarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to soften | alajumuşarğa unamaydılathey refuse to soften |
| hurry to | menjumuşarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to soften | senjumuşarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to soften | oljumuşarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to soften | bizjumuşarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to soften | sizjumuşarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to soften | alajumuşarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to soften |
| hurry to | menjumuşarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to soften | senjumuşarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to soften | oljumuşarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to soften | bizjumuşarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to soften | sizjumuşarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to soften | alajumuşarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to soften |
| be afraid to | menjumuşarğa qorqamaI am afraid to soften | senjumuşarğa qorqasayou are afraid to soften | oljumuşarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to soften | bizjumuşarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to soften | sizjumuşarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to soften | alajumuşarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to soften |
| be afraid to | menjumuşarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to soften | senjumuşarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to soften | oljumuşarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to soften | bizjumuşarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to soften | sizjumuşarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to soften | alajumuşarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to soften |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjumuşay bolmazmaI can't be softening | senjumuşay bolmazsayou can't be softening | oljumuşay bolmazhe can't be softening | bizjumuşay bolmazbızwe can't be softening | sizjumuşay bolmazsızyou all can't be softening | alajumuşay bolmazlathey can't be softening |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjumuşamay bolmazmaI must be softening (emphatic) | senjumuşamay bolmazsayou must be softening (emphatic) | oljumuşamay bolmazhe must be softening (emphatic) | bizjumuşamay bolmazbızwe must be softening (emphatic) | sizjumuşamay bolmazsızyou all must be softening (emphatic) | alajumuşamay bolmazlathey must be softening (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjumuşay turmasamif I don't keep softening | senjumuşay turmasaŋif you don't keep softening | oljumuşay turmasaif he doesn't keep softening | bizjumuşay turmasaqif we don't keep softening | sizjumuşay turmasağızif you all don't keep softening | alajumuşay turmasalaif they don't keep softening |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjumuşay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of softening | senjumuşay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of softening | oljumuşay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of softening | bizjumuşay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of softening | sizjumuşay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of softening | alajumuşay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of softening |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjumuşamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not softening (emphatic) | senjumuşamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not softening (emphatic) | oljumuşamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not softening (emphatic) | bizjumuşamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not softening (emphatic) | sizjumuşamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not softening (emphatic) | alajumuşamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not softening (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjumuşamay turamaI keep on not softening | senjumuşamay turasayou keep on not softening | oljumuşamay turadıhe keeps on not softening | bizjumuşamay turabızwe keep on not softening | sizjumuşamay turasızyou all keep on not softening | alajumuşamay turadılathey keep on not softening |
| Progressive — double negation | menjumuşamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not softening | senjumuşamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not softening | oljumuşamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not softening | bizjumuşamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not softening | sizjumuşamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not softening | alajumuşamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not softening |
| Progressive — double negation | menjumuşamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not softening? | senjumuşamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not softening? | oljumuşamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not softening? | bizjumuşamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not softening? | sizjumuşamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not softening? | alajumuşamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not softening? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjumuşağan bolmazmaI can't have softened | senjumuşağan bolmazsayou can't have softened | oljumuşağan bolmazhe can't have softened | bizjumuşağan bolmazbızwe can't have softened | sizjumuşağan bolmazsızyou all can't have softened | alajumuşağan bolmazlathey can't have softened |
| Inference — double negation | menjumuşamağan bolmazmaI must have softened (emphatic) | senjumuşamağan bolmazsayou must have softened (emphatic) | oljumuşamağan bolmazhe must have softened (emphatic) | bizjumuşamağan bolmazbızwe must have softened (emphatic) | sizjumuşamağan bolmazsızyou all must have softened (emphatic) | alajumuşamağan bolmazlathey must have softened (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjumuşağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had softened | senjumuşağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had softened | oljumuşağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had softened | bizjumuşağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had softened | sizjumuşağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had softened | alajumuşağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had softened |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjumuşamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't softened | senjumuşamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't softened | oljumuşamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't softened | bizjumuşamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't softened | sizjumuşamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't softened | alajumuşamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't softened |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjumuşarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to soften | senjumuşarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to soften | oljumuşarıq bolmazhe can't be going to soften | bizjumuşarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to soften | sizjumuşarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to soften | alajumuşarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to soften |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjumuşamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to soften (emphatic) | senjumuşamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to soften (emphatic) | oljumuşamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to soften (emphatic) | bizjumuşamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to soften (emphatic) | sizjumuşamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to soften (emphatic) | alajumuşamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to soften (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjumuşarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to soften | senjumuşarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to soften | oljumuşarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to soften | bizjumuşarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to soften | sizjumuşarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to soften | alajumuşarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to soften |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjumuşamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to soften | senjumuşamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to soften | oljumuşamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to soften | bizjumuşamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to soften | sizjumuşamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to soften | alajumuşamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to soften |