jal
/dʒal/ · plural jalla
1. mane
- atnı jalı uzundu — the horse's mane is long
- atnı jalı qaradı — the horse's mane is black
- atnı jalın qırqıw — cutting the horse's mane
- quyruğun, jalın qırqıb — cutting its tail and mane
- aman atnı jalı uzun bolur — a bad horse's mane is usually long
2. hire, work for hire, farm labor — Also used of hiring out or renting property, as in üynü jalğa tuthan 'tenant of a house'.
- jalğa kirirge — to hire oneself out
- jalda tururğa — to work as a hired farm laborer
- tuwar jalğa kirdim — I hired myself out to herd cattle
- üynü jalğa tuthan — one who rents the house
- jalğa beriw — renting out
- bir küz jalda çalqı çalıb — one autumn, mowing with a scythe for hire
3. pay for hired farm work, a farmhand's earnings
- jal çığarırğa — to earn pay by hired work
- jalın alıw — receiving one's pay for hired work
- jalıŋa qoşarıqma — I will add to your pay
Expressions
- jal bawurun çığarırğa — beg humbly
- qarın jal — work for food
- quyruğu-jalı — kin, relations
- quyruğu-jalı qırqılırğa — cut down to size
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jalthe mane | jalımmy mane | jalıŋyour mane | jalıhis mane | jalıbızour mane | jalığızyou all's mane | jallarıtheir manes |
| Genitive | jalnıthe mane's | jalımımy mane's | jalıŋıyour mane's | jalınıhis mane's | jalıbıznıour mane's | jalığıznıyou all's mane's | jallarınıtheir manes' |
| Accusative | jalnıthe mane (as the object) | jalımımy mane (as the object) | jalıŋıyour mane (as the object) | jalınhis mane (as the object) | jalıbıznıour mane (as the object) | jalığıznıyou all's mane (as the object) | jallarıntheir manes (as the object) |
| Dative | jalğato the mane | jalımato my mane | jalıŋato your mane | jalınato his mane | jalıbızğato our mane | jalığızğato you all's mane | jallarınato their manes |
| Locative | jaldain / at the mane | jalımdain / at my mane | jalıŋdain / at your mane | jalındain / at his mane | jalıbızdain / at our mane | jalığızdain / at you all's mane | jallarındain / at their manes |
| Ablative | jaldanfrom the mane | jalımdanfrom my mane | jalıŋdanfrom your mane | jalındanfrom his mane | jalıbızdanfrom our mane | jalığızdanfrom you all's mane | jallarındanfrom their manes |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | jallathe manes | jallarımmy manes | jallarıŋyour manes | jallarıhis manes | jallarıbızour manes | jallarığızyou all's manes | jallarıtheir manes |
| Genitive | jallanıthe manes' | jallarımımy manes' | jallarıŋıyour manes' | jallarınıhis manes' | jallarıbıznıour manes' | jallarığıznıyou all's manes' | jallarınıtheir manes' |
| Accusative | jallanıthe manes (as the object) | jallarımımy manes (as the object) | jallarıŋıyour manes (as the object) | jallarınhis manes (as the object) | jallarıbıznıour manes (as the object) | jallarığıznıyou all's manes (as the object) | jallarıntheir manes (as the object) |
| Dative | jallağato the manes | jallarımato my manes | jallarıŋato your manes | jallarınato his manes | jallarıbızğato our manes | jallarığızğato you all's manes | jallarınato their manes |
| Locative | jalladain / at the manes | jallarımdain / at my manes | jallarıŋdain / at your manes | jallarındain / at his manes | jallarıbızdain / at our manes | jallarığızdain / at you all's manes | jallarındain / at their manes |
| Ablative | jalladanfrom the manes | jallarımdanfrom my manes | jallarıŋdanfrom your manes | jallarındanfrom his manes | jallarıbızdanfrom our manes | jallarığızdanfrom you all's manes | jallarındanfrom their manes |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: jalları can mean "his / her manes", "their mane", or "their manes" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.