içerge
/itʃerɡe/
1. drink
- biz çay içebiz — we drink tea
- darman içerge — to take medicine
- ayrannı urtlab içerge — to drink ayran in sips
- ızından suw içerge — to wash it down with water
- suwutub içerge — to cool something and drink it
2. soak up, absorb, drink in
- jün boyawnu içgendi — the wool absorbed the dye
- jer suwnu içdi — the earth drank in the water
- ağaç jawnu içedi — the wood soaks up the oil
3. suckle, nurse at the breast
- sabiy emçek içedi — the baby nurses at the breast
- buzow emçek içgendi — the calf has suckled
- emçek içgen sabiy — a child still at the breast
4. drink alcohol — Said especially of habitual drinking.
- qarnaşım içmeydi — my brother does not drink
- ol köb içgendi — he drank a lot
- içerge süygen adam — a person who likes to drink
- içib başlarğa — to start drinking, to take to drink
- içib esirirge — to drink oneself drunk
- bu adam tohtamay içedi — this person drinks without stopping
5. drink a toast, drink in someone's honor — The person or occasion honored is named with üçün. one source
- sawluğuğuz üçün içeme — I drink to your health
- qonaqla üçün içdile — they drank to the guests
- tolğan muratla üçün içeyik — let us drink to fulfilled wishes
6. drink away, squander on drink one source
- ol açhasın içdi — he drank away his money
- üyün da içgendi — he has drunk away even his house
- mülknü içerse — you will drink away the property
Expressions
- adam suw orununa içerça — strikingly beautiful
- aqılın içerge — become a drunkard
- aşağanı-içgeni suw bolurğa — lose all peace
- aşar aşı, içer suwu tawusulurğa — die; time is up
Conjugation
Common forms
- içedihe is drinking
- içdihe drank
- içgendihe has drunk
- içerhe will drink
- içerikdihe is going to drink
- içe edihe was drinking
- içseif he drinks
- iç!drink!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | meniçemeI am drinking | seniçeseyou are drinking | oliçedihe is drinking | biziçebizwe are drinking | siziçesizyou all are drinking | alaiçedilethey are drinking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meniçmeymeI am not drinking | seniçmeyseyou are not drinking | oliçmeydihe is not drinking | biziçmeybizwe are not drinking | siziçmeysizyou all are not drinking | alaiçmeydilethey are not drinking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meniçememi? içemime?am I drinking? | seniçemise?are you drinking? | oliçemidi?is he drinking? | biziçebizmi? içemibiz?are we drinking? | siziçemisiz?are you all drinking? | alaiçemidile?are they drinking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meniçmeymemi? içmeymime?aren't I drinking? | seniçmeymise?aren't you drinking? | oliçmeymidi?isn't he drinking? | biziçmeybizmi? içmeymibiz?aren't we drinking? | siziçmeymisiz?aren't you all drinking? | alaiçmeymidile?aren't they drinking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meniçiwçenmeI usually drink | seniçiwçenseyou usually drink | oliçiwçendihe usually drinks | biziçiwçenbizwe usually drink | siziçiwçensizyou all usually drink | alaiçiwçendilethey usually drink |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meniçmewçenmeI usually don't drink | seniçmewçenseyou usually don't drink | oliçmewçendihe usually doesn't drink | biziçmewçenbizwe usually don't drink | siziçmewçensizyou all usually don't drink | alaiçmewçendilethey usually don't drink |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meniçiwçenmemi? içiwçenmime?do I usually drink? | seniçiwçenmise?do you usually drink? | oliçiwçenmidi?does he usually drink? | biziçiwçenbizmi? içiwçenmibiz?do we usually drink? | siziçiwçenmisiz?do you all usually drink? | alaiçiwçenmidile?do they usually drink? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meniçmewçenmemi? içmewçenmime?do I usually not drink? | seniçmewçenmise?do you usually not drink? | oliçmewçenmidi?does he usually not drink? | biziçmewçenbizmi? içmewçenmibiz?do we usually not drink? | siziçmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not drink? | alaiçmewçenmidile?do they usually not drink? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oliçibdihe has drunk and remains so | alaiçibdilethey have drunk and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oliçibmidi?has he drunk? | alaiçibmidile?have they drunk? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | meniçib turamaI keep drinking | seniçib turasayou keep drinking | oliçib turadıhe keeps drinking | biziçib turabızwe keep drinking | siziçib turasızyou all keep drinking | alaiçib turadılathey keep drinking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meniçib turmaymaI don't keep drinking | seniçib turmaysayou don't keep drinking | oliçib turmaydıhe doesn't keep drinking | biziçib turmaybızwe don't keep drinking | siziçib turmaysızyou all don't keep drinking | alaiçib turmaydılathey don't keep drinking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meniçib turamamı? içib turamıma?do I keep drinking? | seniçib turamısa?do you keep drinking? | oliçib turamıdı?does he keep drinking? | biziçib turabızmı? içib turamıbız?do we keep drinking? | siziçib turamısız?do you all keep drinking? | alaiçib turamıdıla?do they keep drinking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meniçib turmaymamı? içib turmaymıma?don't I keep drinking? | seniçib turmaymısa?don't you keep drinking? | oliçib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep drinking? | biziçib turmaybızmı? içib turmaymıbız?don't we keep drinking? | siziçib turmaymısız?don't you all keep drinking? | alaiçib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep drinking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meniçe turamaI am in the middle of drinking | seniçe turasayou are in the middle of drinking | oliçe turadıhe is in the middle of drinking | biziçe turabızwe are in the middle of drinking | siziçe turasızyou all are in the middle of drinking | alaiçe turadılathey are in the middle of drinking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meniçe turmaymaI am not in the middle of drinking | seniçe turmaysayou are not in the middle of drinking | oliçe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of drinking | biziçe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of drinking | siziçe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of drinking | alaiçe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of drinking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meniçe turamamı? içe turamıma?am I in the middle of drinking? | seniçe turamısa?are you in the middle of drinking? | oliçe turamıdı?is he in the middle of drinking? | biziçe turabızmı? içe turamıbız?are we in the middle of drinking? | siziçe turamısız?are you all in the middle of drinking? | alaiçe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of drinking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meniçe turmaymamı? içe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of drinking? | seniçe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of drinking? | oliçe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of drinking? | biziçe turmaybızmı? içe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of drinking? | siziçe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of drinking? | alaiçe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of drinking? |
| Simple past (definite) | meniçdimI drank | seniçdiŋyou drank | oliçdihe drank | biziçdikwe drank | siziçdigizyou all drank | alaiçdilethey drank |
| Simple past (definite) | meniçmedimI didn't drink | seniçmediŋyou didn't drink | oliçmedihe didn't drink | biziçmedikwe didn't drink | siziçmedigizyou all didn't drink | alaiçmedilethey didn't drink |
| Simple past (definite) | meniçdimmi?did I drink? | seniçdiŋmi?did you drink? | oliçdimi?did he drink? | biziçdikmi?did we drink? | siziçdigizmi?did you all drink? | alaiçdilemi?did they drink? |
| Simple past (definite) | meniçmedimmi?didn't I drink? | seniçmediŋmi?didn't you drink? | oliçmedimi?didn't he drink? | biziçmedikmi?didn't we drink? | siziçmedigizmi?didn't you all drink? | alaiçmedilemi?didn't they drink? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meniçgenmeI have drunk | seniçgenseyou have drunk | oliçgendihe has drunk | biziçgenbizwe have drunk | siziçgensizyou all have drunk | alaiçgendilethey have drunk |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meniçmegenmeI haven't drunk | seniçmegenseyou haven't drunk | oliçmegendihe hasn't drunk | biziçmegenbizwe haven't drunk | siziçmegensizyou all haven't drunk | alaiçmegendilethey haven't drunk |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meniçgenmemi? içgenmime?have I drunk? | seniçgenmise?have you drunk? | oliçgenmidi?has he drunk? | biziçgenbizmi? içgenmibiz?have we drunk? | siziçgenmisiz?have you all drunk? | alaiçgenmidile?have they drunk? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meniçmegenmemi? içmegenmime?haven't I drunk? | seniçmegenmise?haven't you drunk? | oliçmegenmidi?hasn't he drunk? | biziçmegenbizmi? içmegenmibiz?haven't we drunk? | siziçmegenmisiz?haven't you all drunk? | alaiçmegenmidile?haven't they drunk? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meniçib turdumI kept drinking | seniçib turduŋyou kept drinking | oliçib turduhe kept drinking | biziçib turduqwe kept drinking | siziçib turduğuzyou all kept drinking | alaiçib turdulathey kept drinking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meniçib turmadımI didn't keep drinking | seniçib turmadıŋyou didn't keep drinking | oliçib turmadıhe didn't keep drinking | biziçib turmadıqwe didn't keep drinking | siziçib turmadığızyou all didn't keep drinking | alaiçib turmadılathey didn't keep drinking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | meniçermeI will drink | seniçerseyou will drink | oliçerhe will drink | biziçerbizwe will drink | siziçersizyou all will drink | alaiçerlethey will drink |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meniçmezmeI won't drink | seniçmezseyou won't drink | oliçmezhe won't drink | biziçmezbizwe won't drink | siziçmezsizyou all won't drink | alaiçmezlethey won't drink |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meniçermemi? içermime?will I drink? | seniçermise?will you drink? | oliçermi?will he drink? | biziçerbizmi? içermibiz?will we drink? | siziçermisiz?will you all drink? | alaiçerlemi? içermile?will they drink? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meniçmezmemi? içmezmime?won't I drink? | seniçmezmise?won't you drink? | oliçmezmi?won't he drink? | biziçmezbizmi? içmezmibiz?won't we drink? | siziçmezmisiz?won't you all drink? | alaiçmezlemi? içmezmile?won't they drink? |
| Definite future (future II) | meniçerikmeI am going to drink | seniçerikseyou are going to drink | oliçerikdihe is going to drink | biziçerikbizwe are going to drink | siziçeriksizyou all are going to drink | alaiçerikdilethey are going to drink |
| Definite future (future II) | meniçerik tülmeI am not going to drink | seniçerik tülseyou are not going to drink | oliçerik tüldühe is not going to drink | biziçerik tülbüzwe are not going to drink | siziçerik tülsüzyou all are not going to drink | alaiçerik tüldülethey are not going to drink |
| Definite future (future II) | meniçerikmemi? içerikmime?am I going to drink? | seniçerikmise?are you going to drink? | oliçerikmidi?is he going to drink? | biziçerikbizmi? içerikmibiz?are we going to drink? | siziçerikmisiz?are you all going to drink? | alaiçerikmidile?are they going to drink? |
| Definite future (future II) | meniçerik tülmüme?aren't I going to drink? | seniçerik tülmüse?aren't you going to drink? | oliçerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to drink? | biziçerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to drink? | siziçerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to drink? | alaiçerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to drink? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meniçgen edimiçgenemI had drunk | seniçgen ediŋiçgeneŋyou had drunk | oliçgen ediiçgenedhe had drunk | biziçgen edikiçgenekwe had drunk | siziçgen edigiziçgenegizyou all had drunk | alaiçgen edileiçgenellethey had drunk |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meniçmegen edimiçmegenemI hadn't drunk | seniçmegen ediŋiçmegeneŋyou hadn't drunk | oliçmegen ediiçmegenedhe hadn't drunk | biziçmegen edikiçmegenekwe hadn't drunk | siziçmegen edigiziçmegenegizyou all hadn't drunk | alaiçmegen edileiçmegenellethey hadn't drunk |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meniçe edimiçemI was drinking | seniçe ediŋiçeŋyou were drinking | oliçe ediiçedhe was drinking | biziçe edikiçekwe were drinking | siziçe edigiziçegizyou all were drinking | alaiçe edileiçellethey were drinking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meniçmey edimiçmeyemI wasn't drinking | seniçmey ediŋiçmeyeŋyou weren't drinking | oliçmey ediiçmeyedhe wasn't drinking | biziçmey edikiçmeyekwe weren't drinking | siziçmey edigiziçmeyegizyou all weren't drinking | alaiçmey edileiçmeyellethey weren't drinking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | meniçiwçen edimiçiwçenemI used to drink | seniçiwçen ediŋiçiwçeneŋyou used to drink | oliçiwçen ediiçiwçenedhe used to drink | biziçiwçen edikiçiwçenekwe used to drink | siziçiwçen edigiziçiwçenegizyou all used to drink | alaiçiwçen edileiçiwçenellethey used to drink |
| Habitual past (used to) | meniçmewçen edimiçmewçenemI didn't use to drink | seniçmewçen ediŋiçmewçeneŋyou didn't use to drink | oliçmewçen ediiçmewçenedhe didn't use to drink | biziçmewçen edikiçmewçenekwe didn't use to drink | siziçmewçen edigiziçmewçenegizyou all didn't use to drink | alaiçmewçen edileiçmewçenellethey didn't use to drink |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oliçib edihe had drunk and remained so | alaiçib edilethey had drunk and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oliçib tül edihe hadn't drunk | alaiçib tül edilethey hadn't drunk | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meniçib tura edimiçib turaemI had kept drinking | seniçib tura ediŋiçib turaeŋyou had kept drinking | oliçib tura ediiçib turaedhe had kept drinking | biziçib tura edikiçib turaekwe had kept drinking | siziçib tura edigiziçib turaegizyou all had kept drinking | alaiçib tura edileiçib turaellethey had kept drinking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meniçib turmay edimiçib turmayemI hadn't kept drinking | seniçib turmay ediŋiçib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept drinking | oliçib turmay ediiçib turmayedhe hadn't kept drinking | biziçib turmay edikiçib turmayekwe hadn't kept drinking | siziçib turmay edigiziçib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept drinking | alaiçib turmay edileiçib turmayellethey hadn't kept drinking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meniçe tura edimiçe turaemI was in the middle of drinking | seniçe tura ediŋiçe turaeŋyou were in the middle of drinking | oliçe tura ediiçe turaedhe was in the middle of drinking | biziçe tura edikiçe turaekwe were in the middle of drinking | siziçe tura edigiziçe turaegizyou all were in the middle of drinking | alaiçe tura edileiçe turaellethey were in the middle of drinking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meniçe turmay edimiçe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of drinking | seniçe turmay ediŋiçe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of drinking | oliçe turmay ediiçe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of drinking | biziçe turmay edikiçe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of drinking | siziçe turmay edigiziçe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of drinking | alaiçe turmay edileiçe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of drinking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | meniçer edimiçer emI would drink | seniçer ediŋiçer eŋyou would drink | oliçer ediiçer edhe would drink | biziçer edikiçer ekwe would drink | siziçer edigiziçer egizyou all would drink | alaiçer edileiçer ellethey would drink |
| Conditional result (would) | meniçmez edimiçmez emI wouldn't drink | seniçmez ediŋiçmez eŋyou wouldn't drink | oliçmez ediiçmez edhe wouldn't drink | biziçmez edikiçmez ekwe wouldn't drink | siziçmez edigiziçmez egizyou all wouldn't drink | alaiçmez edileiçmez ellethey wouldn't drink |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | meniçerik edimiçerik emI would have drunk | seniçerik ediŋiçerik eŋyou would have drunk | oliçerik ediiçerik edhe would have drunk | biziçerik edikiçerik ekwe would have drunk | siziçerik edigiziçerik egizyou all would have drunk | alaiçerik edileiçerik ellethey would have drunk |
| Past conditional result (would have) | meniçerik tül edimiçerik tül emI wouldn't have drunk | seniçerik tül ediŋiçerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have drunk | oliçerik tül ediiçerik tül edhe wouldn't have drunk | biziçerik tül edikiçerik tül ekwe wouldn't have drunk | siziçerik tül edigiziçerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have drunk | alaiçerik tül edileiçerik tül ellethey wouldn't have drunk |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | meniçsemif I drink | seniçseŋif you drink | oliçseif he drinks | biziçsekif we drink | siziçsegizif you all drink | alaiçseleif they drink |
| Conditional | meniçmesemif I don't drink | seniçmeseŋif you don't drink | oliçmeseif he doesn't drink | biziçmesekif we don't drink | siziçmesegizif you all don't drink | alaiçmeseleif they don't drink |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | meniçe esemif I am drinking | seniçe eseŋif you are drinking | oliçe eseif he is drinking | biziçe esekif we are drinking | siziçe esegizif you all are drinking | alaiçe eseleif they are drinking |
| Conditional, present real | meniçmey esemif I am not drinking | seniçmey eseŋif you are not drinking | oliçmey eseif he is not drinking | biziçmey esekif we are not drinking | siziçmey esegizif you all are not drinking | alaiçmey eseleif they are not drinking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meniçsem ediiçsem edif only I drank | seniçseŋ ediiçseŋ edif only you drank | oliçse ediiçsedif only he drank | biziçsek ediiçsek edif only we drank | siziçsegiz ediiçsegiz edif only you all drank | alaiçsele ediiçseledif only they drank |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meniçmesem ediiçmesem edif only I didn't drink | seniçmeseŋ ediiçmeseŋ edif only you didn't drink | oliçmese ediiçmesedif only he didn't drink | biziçmesek ediiçmesek edif only we didn't drink | siziçmesegiz ediiçmesegiz edif only you all didn't drink | alaiçmesele ediiçmeseledif only they didn't drink |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | meniçib tursamif I carry on drinking | seniçib tursaŋif you carry on drinking | oliçib tursaif he carries on drinking | biziçib tursaqif we carry on drinking | siziçib tursağızif you all carry on drinking | alaiçib tursalaif they carry on drinking |
| Durative conditional | meniçib turmasamif I don't carry on drinking | seniçib turmasaŋif you don't carry on drinking | oliçib turmasaif he doesn't carry on drinking | biziçib turmasaqif we don't carry on drinking | siziçib turmasağızif you all don't carry on drinking | alaiçib turmasalaif they don't carry on drinking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | meniçib tura esemif I have kept drinking | seniçib tura eseŋif you have kept drinking | oliçib tura eseif he has kept drinking | biziçib tura esekif we have kept drinking | siziçib tura esegizif you all have kept drinking | alaiçib tura eseleif they have kept drinking |
| Durative conditional, present real | meniçib turmay esemif I haven't kept drinking | seniçib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept drinking | oliçib turmay eseif he hasn't kept drinking | biziçib turmay esekif we haven't kept drinking | siziçib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept drinking | alaiçib turmay eseleif they haven't kept drinking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | meniçe tursamif I keep drinking | seniçe tursaŋif you keep drinking | oliçe tursaif he keeps drinking | biziçe tursaqif we keep drinking | siziçe tursağızif you all keep drinking | alaiçe tursalaif they keep drinking |
| Progressive conditional | meniçmey tursamif I keep on not drinking | seniçmey tursaŋif you keep on not drinking | oliçmey tursaif he keeps on not drinking | biziçmey tursaqif we keep on not drinking | siziçmey tursağızif you all keep on not drinking | alaiçmey tursalaif they keep on not drinking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | meniçe tura esemif I am in the middle of drinking | seniçe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of drinking | oliçe tura eseif he is in the middle of drinking | biziçe tura esekif we are in the middle of drinking | siziçe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of drinking | alaiçe tura eseleif they are in the middle of drinking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | meniçmey tura esemif I keep on not drinking | seniçmey tura eseŋif you keep on not drinking | oliçmey tura eseif he keeps on not drinking | biziçmey tura esekif we keep on not drinking | siziçmey tura esegizif you all keep on not drinking | alaiçmey tura eseleif they keep on not drinking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | meniçdim esemif I drank | seniçdiŋ eseŋif you drank | oliçdi eseif he drank | biziçdik esekif we drank | siziçdigiz esegizif you all drank | alaiçdile eseleif they drank |
| Conditional, definite past1 | meniçmedim esemif I didn't drink | seniçmediŋ eseŋif you didn't drink | oliçmedi eseif he didn't drink | biziçmedik esekif we didn't drink | siziçmedigiz esegizif you all didn't drink | alaiçmedile eseleif they didn't drink |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | meniçgen esemif I did drink (indeed) | seniçgen eseŋif you did drink (indeed) | oliçgen eseif he did drink (indeed) | biziçgen esekif we did drink (indeed) | siziçgen esegizif you all did drink (indeed) | alaiçgen eseleif they did drink (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | meniçmegen esemif I didn't drink (indeed) | seniçmegen eseŋif you didn't drink (indeed) | oliçmegen eseif he didn't drink (indeed) | biziçmegen esekif we didn't drink (indeed) | siziçmegen esegizif you all didn't drink (indeed) | alaiçmegen eseleif they didn't drink (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | meniçgen bolsamif I had drunk | seniçgen bolsaŋif you had drunk | oliçgen bolsaif he had drunk | biziçgen bolsaqif we had drunk | siziçgen bolsağızif you all had drunk | alaiçgen bolsalaif they had drunk |
| Conditional, counterfactual | meniçmegen bolsamif I hadn't drunk | seniçmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't drunk | oliçmegen bolsaif he hadn't drunk | biziçmegen bolsaqif we hadn't drunk | siziçmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't drunk | alaiçmegen bolsalaif they hadn't drunk |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meniçgen bolsam ediiçgen bolsam edif only I had drunk | seniçgen bolsaŋ ediiçgen bolsaŋ edif only you had drunk | oliçgen bolsa ediiçgen bolsaedif only he had drunk | biziçgen bolsaq ediiçgen bolsaq edif only we had drunk | siziçgen bolsağız ediiçgen bolsağız edif only you all had drunk | alaiçgen bolsala ediiçgen bolsalaedif only they had drunk |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meniçmegen bolsam ediiçmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't drunk | seniçmegen bolsaŋ ediiçmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't drunk | oliçmegen bolsa ediiçmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't drunk | biziçmegen bolsaq ediiçmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't drunk | siziçmegen bolsağız ediiçmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't drunk | alaiçmegen bolsala ediiçmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't drunk |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | meniçer esemif I will drink | seniçer eseŋif you will drink | oliçer eseif he will drink | biziçer esekif we will drink | siziçer esegizif you all will drink | alaiçer eseleif they will drink |
| Conditional, aorist | meniçmez esemif I won't drink | seniçmez eseŋif you won't drink | oliçmez eseif he won't drink | biziçmez esekif we won't drink | siziçmez esegizif you all won't drink | alaiçmez eseleif they won't drink |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | meniçerik esemif I am going to drink | seniçerik eseŋif you are going to drink | oliçerik eseif he is going to drink | biziçerik esekif we are going to drink | siziçerik esegizif you all are going to drink | alaiçerik eseleif they are going to drink |
| Conditional, future | meniçerik tül esemif I am not going to drink | seniçerik tül eseŋif you are not going to drink | oliçerik tül eseif he is not going to drink | biziçerik tül esekif we are not going to drink | siziçerik tül esegizif you all are not going to drink | alaiçerik tül eseleif they are not going to drink |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meniçerik bolsamif I were going to drink | seniçerik bolsaŋif you were going to drink | oliçerik bolsaif he were going to drink | biziçerik bolsaqif we were going to drink | siziçerik bolsağızif you all were going to drink | alaiçerik bolsalaif they were going to drink |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meniçmezlik bolsamif I were not going to drink | seniçmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to drink | oliçmezlik bolsaif he were not going to drink | biziçmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to drink | siziçmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to drink | alaiçmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to drink |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso içdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meniçe bolurmaI must be drinking | seniçe bolursayou must be drinking | oliçe bolurhe must be drinking | biziçe bolurbuzwe must be drinking | siziçe bolursuzyou all must be drinking | alaiçe bolurlathey must be drinking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meniçmey bolurmaI must not be drinking | seniçmey bolursayou must not be drinking | oliçmey bolurhe must not be drinking | biziçmey bolurbuzwe must not be drinking | siziçmey bolursuzyou all must not be drinking | alaiçmey bolurlathey must not be drinking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meniçe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of drinking | seniçe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of drinking | oliçe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of drinking | biziçe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of drinking | siziçe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of drinking | alaiçe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of drinking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meniçmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not drinking | seniçmey tura bolursayou must keep on not drinking | oliçmey tura bolurhe must keep on not drinking | biziçmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not drinking | siziçmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not drinking | alaiçmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not drinking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | meniçgen bolurmaI must have drunk | seniçgen bolursayou must have drunk | oliçgen bolurhe must have drunk | biziçgen bolurbuzwe must have drunk | siziçgen bolursuzyou all must have drunk | alaiçgen bolurlathey must have drunk |
| Inference (must have) | meniçmegen bolurmaI must not have drunk | seniçmegen bolursayou must not have drunk | oliçmegen bolurhe must not have drunk | biziçmegen bolurbuzwe must not have drunk | siziçmegen bolursuzyou all must not have drunk | alaiçmegen bolurlathey must not have drunk |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meniçerik bolurmaI must be going to drink | seniçerik bolursayou must be going to drink | oliçerik bolurhe must be going to drink | biziçerik bolurbuzwe must be going to drink | siziçerik bolursuzyou all must be going to drink | alaiçerik bolurlathey must be going to drink |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meniçmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to drink | seniçmezlik bolursayou must not be going to drink | oliçmezlik bolurhe must not be going to drink | biziçmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to drink | siziçmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to drink | alaiçmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to drink |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | meniçeyimlet me drink | seniç!drink! | oliçsinlet him drink | biziçeyiklet's drink | siziçigiz!drink, you all! | alaiçsinlelet them drink |
| Commands & suggestions | meniçmeyimlet me not drink | seniçme!don't drink! | oliçmesinlet him not drink | biziçmeyiklet's not drink | siziçmegiz!don't drink, you all! | alaiçmesinlelet them not drink |
| Commands & suggestions | meniçeyimmi?shall I drink? | oliçsinmi?should he drink? | biziçeyikmi?shall we drink? | alaiçsinlemi?should they drink? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | meniçmeyimmi?shall I not drink? | oliçmesinmi?should he not drink? | biziçmeyikmi?shall we not drink? | alaiçmesinlemi?should they not drink? | ||
| Requests | seniççi2iççinplease drink | oliçsinçido let him drink | siziççigizplease drink (plural/polite) | alaiçsinleçido let them drink | ||
| Requests | seniçmeçi2içmeçinplease don't drink | oliçmesinçido let him not drink | siziçmeçigizplease don't drink (plural/polite) | alaiçmesinleçido let them not drink | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seniçginiçgimay you drink | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seniçmeginiçmegimay you not drink | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meniçgey edim içge edimwould that I drank | seniçgey ediŋ içge ediŋwould that you drank | oliçgey edi içge ediwould that he drank | biziçgey edik içge edikwould that we drank | siziçgey edigiz içge edigizwould that you all drank | alaiçgey edile içge edilewould that they drank |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meniçmegey edim içmege edimwould that I did not drink | seniçmegey ediŋ içmege ediŋwould that you did not drink | oliçmegey edi içmege ediwould that he did not drink | biziçmegey edik içmege edikwould that we did not drink | siziçmegey edigiz içmege edigizwould that you all did not drink | alaiçmegey edile içmege edilewould that they did not drink |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | meniçmege qoyayımiçme qoyayımlet me allow someone to drink | seniçmege qoy!içme qoy!let someone drink! | oliçmege qoysuniçme qoysunlet him allow someone to drink | biziçmege qoyayıqiçme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to drink | siziçmege qoyuğuz!içme qoyuğuz!let someone drink, you all! | alaiçmege qoysunlaiçme qoysunlalet them allow someone to drink |
| Let someone… (commands) | meniçmege qoymayımiçme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to drink | seniçmege qoyma!içme qoyma!don't let someone drink! | oliçmege qoymasıniçme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to drink | biziçmege qoymayıqiçme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to drink | siziçmege qoymağız!içme qoymağız!don't let someone drink, you all! | alaiçmege qoymasınlaiçme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to drink |
| Let someone… (commands) | meniçmege qoyayımmı?içme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to drink? | oliçmege qoysunmu?içme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to drink? | biziçmege qoyayıqmı?içme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to drink? | alaiçmege qoysunlamı?içme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to drink? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | meniçmege qoymayımmı?içme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to drink? | oliçmege qoymasınmı?içme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to drink? | biziçmege qoymayıqmı?içme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to drink? | alaiçmege qoymasınlamı?içme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to drink? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | meniçmege qoyamaiçme qoyamaI allow someone to drink | seniçmege qoyasaiçme qoyasayou allow someone to drink | oliçmege qoyadıiçme qoyadıhe allows someone to drink | biziçmege qoyabıziçme qoyabızwe allow someone to drink | siziçmege qoyasıziçme qoyasızyou all allow someone to drink | alaiçmege qoyadılaiçme qoyadılathey allow someone to drink |
| Let someone… (present) | meniçmege qoymaymaiçme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to drink | seniçmege qoymaysaiçme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to drink | oliçmege qoymaydıiçme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to drink | biziçmege qoymaybıziçme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to drink | siziçmege qoymaysıziçme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to drink | alaiçmege qoymaydılaiçme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to drink |
| Let someone… (present) | meniçmege qoyamamı?içme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to drink? | seniçmege qoyamısa?içme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to drink? | oliçmege qoyamıdı?içme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to drink? | biziçmege qoyabızmı?içme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to drink? | siziçmege qoyamısız?içme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to drink? | alaiçmege qoyamıdıla?içme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to drink? |
| Let someone… (present) | meniçmege qoymaymamı?içme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to drink? | seniçmege qoymaymısa?içme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to drink? | oliçmege qoymaymıdı?içme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to drink? | biziçmege qoymaybızmı?içme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to drink? | siziçmege qoymaymısız?içme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to drink? | alaiçmege qoymaymıdıla?içme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to drink? |
| Let someone… (past) | meniçmege qoydumiçme qoydumI allowed someone to drink | seniçmege qoyduŋiçme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to drink | oliçmege qoyduiçme qoyduhe allowed someone to drink | biziçmege qoyduqiçme qoyduqwe allowed someone to drink | siziçmege qoyduğuziçme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to drink | alaiçmege qoydulaiçme qoydulathey allowed someone to drink |
| Let someone… (past) | meniçmege qoymadımiçme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to drink | seniçmege qoymadıŋiçme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to drink | oliçmege qoymadıiçme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to drink | biziçmege qoymadıqiçme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to drink | siziçmege qoymadığıziçme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to drink | alaiçmege qoymadılaiçme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to drink |
| Let someone… (past) | meniçmege qoydummu?içme qoydummu?did I allow someone to drink? | seniçmege qoyduŋmu?içme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to drink? | oliçmege qoydumu?içme qoydumu?did he allow someone to drink? | biziçmege qoyduqmu?içme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to drink? | siziçmege qoyduğuzmu?içme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to drink? | alaiçmege qoydulamı?içme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to drink? |
| Let someone… (past) | meniçmege qoymadımmı?içme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to drink? | seniçmege qoymadıŋmı?içme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to drink? | oliçmege qoymadımı?içme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to drink? | biziçmege qoymadıqmı?içme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to drink? | siziçmege qoymadığızmı?içme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to drink? | alaiçmege qoymadılamı?içme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to drink? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
içalırğa be able to drink · içalmazğa be unable to drink
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | meniçalamaI can drink | seniçalasayou can drink | oliçaladıhe can drink | biziçalabızwe can drink | siziçalasızyou all can drink | alaiçaladılathey can drink |
| Ability — present | meniçalmaymaI can't drink | seniçalmaysayou can't drink | oliçalmaydıhe can't drink | biziçalmaybızwe can't drink | siziçalmaysızyou all can't drink | alaiçalmaydılathey can't drink |
| Ability — present | meniçalamamı? içalamıma?can I drink? | seniçalamısa?can you drink? | oliçalamıdı?can he drink? | biziçalabızmı? içalamıbız?can we drink? | siziçalamısız?can you all drink? | alaiçalamıdıla?can they drink? |
| Ability — present | meniçalmaymamı? içalmaymıma?can't I drink? | seniçalmaymısa?can't you drink? | oliçalmaymıdı?can't he drink? | biziçalmaybızmı? içalmaymıbız?can't we drink? | siziçalmaymısız?can't you all drink? | alaiçalmaymıdıla?can't they drink? |
| Ability — if I can… | meniçalsamif I can drink | seniçalsaŋif you can drink | oliçalsaif he can drink | biziçalsaqif we can drink | siziçalsağızif you all can drink | alaiçalsalaif they can drink |
| Ability — if I can… | meniçalmasamif I can't drink | seniçalmasaŋif you can't drink | oliçalmasaif he can't drink | biziçalmasaqif we can't drink | siziçalmasağızif you all can't drink | alaiçalmasalaif they can't drink |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | meniçaldımI was able to drink | seniçaldıŋyou were able to drink | oliçaldıhe was able to drink | biziçaldıqwe were able to drink | siziçaldığızyou all were able to drink | alaiçaldılathey were able to drink |
| Ability — simple past | meniçalmadımI could not drink | seniçalmadıŋyou could not drink | oliçalmadıhe could not drink | biziçalmadıqwe could not drink | siziçalmadığızyou all could not drink | alaiçalmadılathey could not drink |
| Ability — simple past | meniçaldımmı?was I able to drink? | seniçaldıŋmı?were you able to drink? | oliçaldımı?was he able to drink? | biziçaldıqmı?were we able to drink? | siziçaldığızmı?were you all able to drink? | alaiçaldılamı?were they able to drink? |
| Ability — simple past | meniçalmadımmı?couldn't I drink? | seniçalmadıŋmı?couldn't you drink? | oliçalmadımı?couldn't he drink? | biziçalmadıqmı?couldn't we drink? | siziçalmadığızmı?couldn't you all drink? | alaiçalmadılamı?couldn't they drink? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meniçalğanmaI have been able to drink | seniçalğansayou have been able to drink | oliçalğandıhe has been able to drink | biziçalğanbızwe have been able to drink | siziçalğansızyou all have been able to drink | alaiçalğandılathey have been able to drink |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meniçalmağanmaI haven't been able to drink | seniçalmağansayou haven't been able to drink | oliçalmağandıhe hasn't been able to drink | biziçalmağanbızwe haven't been able to drink | siziçalmağansızyou all haven't been able to drink | alaiçalmağandılathey haven't been able to drink |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meniçalğanmamı? içalğanmıma?have I been able to drink? | seniçalğanmısa?have you been able to drink? | oliçalğanmıdı?has he been able to drink? | biziçalğanbızmı? içalğanmıbız?have we been able to drink? | siziçalğanmısız?have you all been able to drink? | alaiçalğanmıdıla?have they been able to drink? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meniçalmağanmamı? içalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to drink? | seniçalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to drink? | oliçalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to drink? | biziçalmağanbızmı? içalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to drink? | siziçalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to drink? | alaiçalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to drink? |
| Ability — past perfect | meniçalğan edimiçalğanemI had been able to drink | seniçalğan ediŋiçalğaneŋyou had been able to drink | oliçalğan ediiçalğanedhe had been able to drink | biziçalğan edikiçalğanekwe had been able to drink | siziçalğan edigiziçalğanegizyou all had been able to drink | alaiçalğan edileiçalğanellethey had been able to drink |
| Ability — past perfect | meniçalmağan edimiçalmağanemI hadn't been able to drink | seniçalmağan ediŋiçalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to drink | oliçalmağan ediiçalmağanedhe hadn't been able to drink | biziçalmağan edikiçalmağanekwe hadn't been able to drink | siziçalmağan edigiziçalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to drink | alaiçalmağan edileiçalmağanellethey hadn't been able to drink |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | meniçala edimiçalaemI could drink | seniçala ediŋiçalaeŋyou could drink | oliçala ediiçalaedhe could drink | biziçala edikiçalaekwe could drink | siziçala edigiziçalaegizyou all could drink | alaiçala edileiçalaellethey could drink |
| Ability — past background | meniçalmay edimiçalmayemI could not drink | seniçalmay ediŋiçalmayeŋyou could not drink | oliçalmay ediiçalmayedhe could not drink | biziçalmay edikiçalmayekwe could not drink | siziçalmay edigiziçalmayegizyou all could not drink | alaiçalmay edileiçalmayellethey could not drink |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | meniçalırmaI will be able to drink | seniçalırsayou will be able to drink | oliçalırhe will be able to drink | biziçalırbızwe will be able to drink | siziçalırsızyou all will be able to drink | alaiçalırlathey will be able to drink |
| Ability — future I | meniçalmazmaI won't be able to drink | seniçalmazsayou won't be able to drink | oliçalmazhe won't be able to drink | biziçalmazbızwe won't be able to drink | siziçalmazsızyou all won't be able to drink | alaiçalmazlathey won't be able to drink |
| Ability — future I | meniçalırmamı? içalırmıma?will I be able to drink? | seniçalırmısa?will you be able to drink? | oliçalırmı?will he be able to drink? | biziçalırbızmı? içalırmıbız?will we be able to drink? | siziçalırmısız?will you all be able to drink? | alaiçalırlamı? içalırmıla?will they be able to drink? |
| Ability — future I | meniçalmazmamı? içalmazmıma?won't I be able to drink? | seniçalmazmısa?won't you be able to drink? | oliçalmazmı?won't he be able to drink? | biziçalmazbızmı? içalmazmıbız?won't we be able to drink? | siziçalmazmısız?won't you all be able to drink? | alaiçalmazlamı? içalmazmıla?won't they be able to drink? |
| Ability — future II | meniçallıqmaI am going to be able to drink | seniçallıqsayou are going to be able to drink | oliçallıqdıhe is going to be able to drink | biziçallıqbızwe are going to be able to drink | siziçallıqsızyou all are going to be able to drink | alaiçallıqdılathey are going to be able to drink |
| Ability — future II | meniçallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to drink | seniçallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to drink | oliçallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to drink | biziçallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to drink | siziçallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to drink | alaiçallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to drink |
| Ability — future II | meniçallıqmamı? içallıqmıma?am I going to be able to drink? | seniçallıqmısa?are you going to be able to drink? | oliçallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to drink? | biziçallıqbızmı? içallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to drink? | siziçallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to drink? | alaiçallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to drink? |
| Ability — future II | meniçallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to drink? | seniçallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to drink? | oliçallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to drink? | biziçallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to drink? | siziçallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to drink? | alaiçallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to drink? |
| Ability — would be able to… | meniçalır edimiçalır emI would be able to drink | seniçalır ediŋiçalır eŋyou would be able to drink | oliçalır ediiçalır edhe would be able to drink | biziçalır edikiçalır ekwe would be able to drink | siziçalır edigiziçalır egizyou all would be able to drink | alaiçalır edileiçalır ellethey would be able to drink |
| Ability — would be able to… | meniçalmaz edimiçalmaz emI wouldn't be able to drink | seniçalmaz ediŋiçalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to drink | oliçalmaz ediiçalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to drink | biziçalmaz edikiçalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to drink | siziçalmaz edigiziçalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to drink | alaiçalmaz edileiçalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to drink |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seniçalğıniçalğımay you be able to drink | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seniçalmağıniçalmağımay you not be able to drink | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | meniçerge izleymeI want to drink | seniçerge izleyseyou want to drink | oliçerge izleydihe wants to drink | biziçerge izleybizwe want to drink | siziçerge izleysizyou all want to drink | alaiçerge izleydilethey want to drink |
| want to | meniçerge izlemeymeI do not want to drink | seniçerge izlemeyseyou do not want to drink | oliçerge izlemeydihe does not want to drink | biziçerge izlemeybizwe do not want to drink | siziçerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to drink | alaiçerge izlemeydilethey do not want to drink |
| would like to | meniçerge süemeI would like to drink | seniçerge süeseyou would like to drink | oliçerge süedihe would like to drink | biziçerge süebizwe would like to drink | siziçerge süesizyou all would like to drink | alaiçerge süedilethey would like to drink |
| would like to | meniçerge süymeymeI would not like to drink | seniçerge süymeyseyou would not like to drink | oliçerge süymeydihe would not like to drink | biziçerge süymeybizwe would not like to drink | siziçerge süymeysizyou all would not like to drink | alaiçerge süymeydilethey would not like to drink |
| hope to | meniçerge umutlanamaI hope to drink | seniçerge umutlanasayou hope to drink | oliçerge umutlanadıhe hopes to drink | biziçerge umutlanabızwe hope to drink | siziçerge umutlanasızyou all hope to drink | alaiçerge umutlanadılathey hope to drink |
| hope to | meniçerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to drink | seniçerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to drink | oliçerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to drink | biziçerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to drink | siziçerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to drink | alaiçerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to drink |
| be about to | meniçerge deb turamaI am about to drink | seniçerge deb turasayou are about to drink | oliçerge deb turadıhe is about to drink | biziçerge deb turabızwe are about to drink | siziçerge deb turasızyou all are about to drink | alaiçerge deb turadılathey are about to drink |
| be about to | meniçerge deb turmaymaI am not about to drink | seniçerge deb turmaysayou are not about to drink | oliçerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to drink | biziçerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to drink | siziçerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to drink | alaiçerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to drink |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | meniçerge kerekmeI need to drink | seniçerge kerekseyou need to drink | oliçerge kerekdihe needs to drink | biziçerge kerekbizwe need to drink | siziçerge kereksizyou all need to drink | alaiçerge kerekdilethey need to drink |
| need to | meniçerge kerek tülmeI do not need to drink | seniçerge kerek tülseyou do not need to drink | oliçerge kerek tüldühe does not need to drink | biziçerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to drink | siziçerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to drink | alaiçerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to drink |
| have to | menmenŋe içerge tüşediI have to drink | sensenŋe içerge tüşediyou have to drink | olaŋa içerge tüşedihe has to drink | bizbizge içerge tüşediwe have to drink | sizsizge içerge tüşediyou all have to drink | alaalağa içerge tüşedithey have to drink |
| have to | menmenŋe içerge tüşmeydiI do not have to drink | sensenŋe içerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to drink | olaŋa içerge tüşmeydihe does not have to drink | bizbizge içerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to drink | sizsizge içerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to drink | alaalağa içerge tüşmeydithey do not have to drink |
| be obliged to | meniçerge borçlumaI am obliged to drink | seniçerge borçlusayou are obliged to drink | oliçerge borçluduhe is obliged to drink | biziçerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to drink | siziçerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to drink | alaiçerge borçludulathey are obliged to drink |
| be obliged to | meniçerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to drink | seniçerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to drink | oliçerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to drink | biziçerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to drink | siziçerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to drink | alaiçerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to drink |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | meniçerge madarım bardıI have a way to drink | seniçerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to drink | oliçerge madarı bardıhe has a way to drink | biziçerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to drink | siziçerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to drink | alaiçerge madarları bardıthey have a way to drink |
| have a way to | meniçerge madarım joqduI have no way to drink | seniçerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to drink | oliçerge madarı joqduhe has no way to drink | biziçerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to drink | siziçerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to drink | alaiçerge madarları joqduthey have no way to drink |
| be free to | meniçerge erkinligim bardıI am free to drink | seniçerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to drink | oliçerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to drink | biziçerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to drink | siziçerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to drink | alaiçerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to drink |
| be free to | meniçerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to drink | seniçerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to drink | oliçerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to drink | biziçerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to drink | siziçerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to drink | alaiçerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to drink |
| be possible to | menmenŋe içerge bolluqduit is possible for me to drink | sensenŋe içerge bolluqduit is possible for you to drink | olaŋa içerge bolluqduit is possible for him to drink | bizbizge içerge bolluqduit is possible for us to drink | sizsizge içerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to drink | alaalağa içerge bolluqduit is possible for them to drink |
| be possible to | menmenŋe içerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to drink | sensenŋe içerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to drink | olaŋa içerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to drink | bizbizge içerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to drink | sizsizge içerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to drink | alaalağa içerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to drink |
| be ready to | meniçerge hazırmaI am ready to drink | seniçerge hazırsayou are ready to drink | oliçerge hazırdıhe is ready to drink | biziçerge hazırbızwe are ready to drink | siziçerge hazırsızyou all are ready to drink | alaiçerge hazırdılathey are ready to drink |
| be ready to | meniçerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to drink | seniçerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to drink | oliçerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to drink | biziçerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to drink | siziçerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to drink | alaiçerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to drink |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | meniçerge küreşemeI am trying to drink | seniçerge küreşeseyou are trying to drink | oliçerge küreşedihe is trying to drink | biziçerge küreşebizwe are trying to drink | siziçerge küreşesizyou all are trying to drink | alaiçerge küreşedilethey are trying to drink |
| try to | meniçerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to drink | seniçerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to drink | oliçerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to drink | biziçerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to drink | siziçerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to drink | alaiçerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to drink |
| agree to | meniçerge unaymaI agree to drink | seniçerge unaysayou agree to drink | oliçerge unaydıhe agrees to drink | biziçerge unaybızwe agree to drink | siziçerge unaysızyou all agree to drink | alaiçerge unaydılathey agree to drink |
| agree to | meniçerge unamaymaI refuse to drink | seniçerge unamaysayou refuse to drink | oliçerge unamaydıhe refuses to drink | biziçerge unamaybızwe refuse to drink | siziçerge unamaysızyou all refuse to drink | alaiçerge unamaydılathey refuse to drink |
| hurry to | meniçerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to drink | seniçerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to drink | oliçerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to drink | biziçerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to drink | siziçerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to drink | alaiçerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to drink |
| hurry to | meniçerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to drink | seniçerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to drink | oliçerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to drink | biziçerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to drink | siziçerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to drink | alaiçerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to drink |
| be afraid to | meniçerge qorqamaI am afraid to drink | seniçerge qorqasayou are afraid to drink | oliçerge qorqadıhe is afraid to drink | biziçerge qorqabızwe are afraid to drink | siziçerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to drink | alaiçerge qorqadılathey are afraid to drink |
| be afraid to | meniçerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to drink | seniçerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to drink | oliçerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to drink | biziçerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to drink | siziçerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to drink | alaiçerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to drink |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | meniçe bolmazmaI can't be drinking | seniçe bolmazsayou can't be drinking | oliçe bolmazhe can't be drinking | biziçe bolmazbızwe can't be drinking | siziçe bolmazsızyou all can't be drinking | alaiçe bolmazlathey can't be drinking |
| Inference, present — double negation | meniçmey bolmazmaI must be drinking (emphatic) | seniçmey bolmazsayou must be drinking (emphatic) | oliçmey bolmazhe must be drinking (emphatic) | biziçmey bolmazbızwe must be drinking (emphatic) | siziçmey bolmazsızyou all must be drinking (emphatic) | alaiçmey bolmazlathey must be drinking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | meniçe turmasamif I don't keep drinking | seniçe turmasaŋif you don't keep drinking | oliçe turmasaif he doesn't keep drinking | biziçe turmasaqif we don't keep drinking | siziçe turmasağızif you all don't keep drinking | alaiçe turmasalaif they don't keep drinking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | meniçe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of drinking | seniçe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of drinking | oliçe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of drinking | biziçe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of drinking | siziçe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of drinking | alaiçe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of drinking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | meniçmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not drinking (emphatic) | seniçmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not drinking (emphatic) | oliçmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not drinking (emphatic) | biziçmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not drinking (emphatic) | siziçmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not drinking (emphatic) | alaiçmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not drinking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | meniçmey turamaI keep on not drinking | seniçmey turasayou keep on not drinking | oliçmey turadıhe keeps on not drinking | biziçmey turabızwe keep on not drinking | siziçmey turasızyou all keep on not drinking | alaiçmey turadılathey keep on not drinking |
| Progressive — double negation | meniçmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not drinking | seniçmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not drinking | oliçmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not drinking | biziçmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not drinking | siziçmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not drinking | alaiçmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not drinking |
| Progressive — double negation | meniçmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not drinking? | seniçmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not drinking? | oliçmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not drinking? | biziçmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not drinking? | siziçmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not drinking? | alaiçmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not drinking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | meniçgen bolmazmaI can't have drunk | seniçgen bolmazsayou can't have drunk | oliçgen bolmazhe can't have drunk | biziçgen bolmazbızwe can't have drunk | siziçgen bolmazsızyou all can't have drunk | alaiçgen bolmazlathey can't have drunk |
| Inference — double negation | meniçmegen bolmazmaI must have drunk (emphatic) | seniçmegen bolmazsayou must have drunk (emphatic) | oliçmegen bolmazhe must have drunk (emphatic) | biziçmegen bolmazbızwe must have drunk (emphatic) | siziçmegen bolmazsızyou all must have drunk (emphatic) | alaiçmegen bolmazlathey must have drunk (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | meniçgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had drunk | seniçgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had drunk | oliçgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had drunk | biziçgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had drunk | siziçgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had drunk | alaiçgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had drunk |
| Counterfactual — double negation | meniçmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't drunk | seniçmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't drunk | oliçmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't drunk | biziçmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't drunk | siziçmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't drunk | alaiçmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't drunk |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | meniçerik bolmazmaI can't be going to drink | seniçerik bolmazsayou can't be going to drink | oliçerik bolmazhe can't be going to drink | biziçerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to drink | siziçerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to drink | alaiçerik bolmazlathey can't be going to drink |
| Inference, future — double negation | meniçmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to drink (emphatic) | seniçmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to drink (emphatic) | oliçmezlik bolmazhe must be going to drink (emphatic) | biziçmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to drink (emphatic) | siziçmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to drink (emphatic) | alaiçmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to drink (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | meniçerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to drink | seniçerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to drink | oliçerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to drink | biziçerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to drink | siziçerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to drink | alaiçerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to drink |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | meniçmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to drink | seniçmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to drink | oliçmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to drink | biziçmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to drink | siziçmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to drink | alaiçmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to drink |