buwarğa
/buwarʁa/
1. strangle, choke, throttle, smother
- buwub öltürürge — to strangle someone to death
- horaznı buwdu — he throttled the rooster
- tılpıw anı buwarğa jetdirdi — the fumes nearly choked him
- meni jötel buwadı — a cough chokes me
- kesi kesiŋi buwarğa — to strangle oneself
2. bind tightly, lash round, constrict
- arqan bla buwarğa — to bind with a lasso
- belin qatı buwarğa — to bind the waist tightly
- belin buwdu — he bound his waist
- qatı buwarğa — to lash it tight
- ağaç bla belin buwğan — its waist bound with wood
3. squeeze, press, pinch
- çuruqla ayaqlarımı buwadıla — my shoes pinch my feet
- jağam boynumu buwadı — my collar presses on my neck
- meni köküregim buwadı — my chest feels tight
4. oppress, hold down, keep under, restrict
- halqnı buwarğa — to hold a people down
- ol elni buwadı — he holds the village down
- jarlını buwarğa — to keep the poor man under
5. press someone, badger, keep on at
- ber deb buwarğa — to keep on at someone to give it
- kel deb buwarğa — to press someone to come
- jawnu buwarğa — to press the enemy hard
- birewnü buwub tohtarğa — to get a stranglehold on someone
6. seize, grip (of an illness)
- awruw anı buwdu — the illness gripped him
Conjugation
Common forms
- buwadıhe is strangling
- buwduhe strangled
- buwğandıhe has strangled
- buwarhe will strangle
- buwarıqdıhe is going to strangle
- buwa edihe was strangling
- buwsaif he strangles
- buw!strangle!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuwamaI am strangling | senbuwasayou are strangling | olbuwadıhe is strangling | bizbuwabızwe are strangling | sizbuwasızyou all are strangling | alabuwadılathey are strangling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuwmaymaI am not strangling | senbuwmaysayou are not strangling | olbuwmaydıhe is not strangling | bizbuwmaybızwe are not strangling | sizbuwmaysızyou all are not strangling | alabuwmaydılathey are not strangling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuwamamı? buwamıma?am I strangling? | senbuwamısa?are you strangling? | olbuwamıdı?is he strangling? | bizbuwabızmı? buwamıbız?are we strangling? | sizbuwamısız?are you all strangling? | alabuwamıdıla?are they strangling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuwmaymamı? buwmaymıma?aren't I strangling? | senbuwmaymısa?aren't you strangling? | olbuwmaymıdı?isn't he strangling? | bizbuwmaybızmı? buwmaymıbız?aren't we strangling? | sizbuwmaymısız?aren't you all strangling? | alabuwmaymıdıla?aren't they strangling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuwwçanmaI usually strangle | senbuwwçansayou usually strangle | olbuwwçandıhe usually strangles | bizbuwwçanbızwe usually strangle | sizbuwwçansızyou all usually strangle | alabuwwçandılathey usually strangle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuwmawçanmaI usually don't strangle | senbuwmawçansayou usually don't strangle | olbuwmawçandıhe usually doesn't strangle | bizbuwmawçanbızwe usually don't strangle | sizbuwmawçansızyou all usually don't strangle | alabuwmawçandılathey usually don't strangle |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuwwçanmamı? buwwçanmıma?do I usually strangle? | senbuwwçanmısa?do you usually strangle? | olbuwwçanmıdı?does he usually strangle? | bizbuwwçanbızmı? buwwçanmıbız?do we usually strangle? | sizbuwwçanmısız?do you all usually strangle? | alabuwwçanmıdıla?do they usually strangle? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuwmawçanmamı? buwmawçanmıma?do I usually not strangle? | senbuwmawçanmısa?do you usually not strangle? | olbuwmawçanmıdı?does he usually not strangle? | bizbuwmawçanbızmı? buwmawçanmıbız?do we usually not strangle? | sizbuwmawçanmısız?do you all usually not strangle? | alabuwmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not strangle? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbuwubduhe has strangled and remains so | alabuwubdulathey have strangled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbuwubmudu?has he strangled? | alabuwubmudula?have they strangled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuwub turamaI keep strangling | senbuwub turasayou keep strangling | olbuwub turadıhe keeps strangling | bizbuwub turabızwe keep strangling | sizbuwub turasızyou all keep strangling | alabuwub turadılathey keep strangling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuwub turmaymaI don't keep strangling | senbuwub turmaysayou don't keep strangling | olbuwub turmaydıhe doesn't keep strangling | bizbuwub turmaybızwe don't keep strangling | sizbuwub turmaysızyou all don't keep strangling | alabuwub turmaydılathey don't keep strangling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuwub turamamı? buwub turamıma?do I keep strangling? | senbuwub turamısa?do you keep strangling? | olbuwub turamıdı?does he keep strangling? | bizbuwub turabızmı? buwub turamıbız?do we keep strangling? | sizbuwub turamısız?do you all keep strangling? | alabuwub turamıdıla?do they keep strangling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuwub turmaymamı? buwub turmaymıma?don't I keep strangling? | senbuwub turmaymısa?don't you keep strangling? | olbuwub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep strangling? | bizbuwub turmaybızmı? buwub turmaymıbız?don't we keep strangling? | sizbuwub turmaymısız?don't you all keep strangling? | alabuwub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep strangling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuwa turamaI am in the middle of strangling | senbuwa turasayou are in the middle of strangling | olbuwa turadıhe is in the middle of strangling | bizbuwa turabızwe are in the middle of strangling | sizbuwa turasızyou all are in the middle of strangling | alabuwa turadılathey are in the middle of strangling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuwa turmaymaI am not in the middle of strangling | senbuwa turmaysayou are not in the middle of strangling | olbuwa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of strangling | bizbuwa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of strangling | sizbuwa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of strangling | alabuwa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of strangling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuwa turamamı? buwa turamıma?am I in the middle of strangling? | senbuwa turamısa?are you in the middle of strangling? | olbuwa turamıdı?is he in the middle of strangling? | bizbuwa turabızmı? buwa turamıbız?are we in the middle of strangling? | sizbuwa turamısız?are you all in the middle of strangling? | alabuwa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of strangling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuwa turmaymamı? buwa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of strangling? | senbuwa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of strangling? | olbuwa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of strangling? | bizbuwa turmaybızmı? buwa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of strangling? | sizbuwa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of strangling? | alabuwa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of strangling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuwdumI strangled | senbuwduŋyou strangled | olbuwduhe strangled | bizbuwduqwe strangled | sizbuwduğuzyou all strangled | alabuwdulathey strangled |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuwmadımI didn't strangle | senbuwmadıŋyou didn't strangle | olbuwmadıhe didn't strangle | bizbuwmadıqwe didn't strangle | sizbuwmadığızyou all didn't strangle | alabuwmadılathey didn't strangle |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuwdummu?did I strangle? | senbuwduŋmu?did you strangle? | olbuwdumu?did he strangle? | bizbuwduqmu?did we strangle? | sizbuwduğuzmu?did you all strangle? | alabuwdulamı?did they strangle? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuwmadımmı?didn't I strangle? | senbuwmadıŋmı?didn't you strangle? | olbuwmadımı?didn't he strangle? | bizbuwmadıqmı?didn't we strangle? | sizbuwmadığızmı?didn't you all strangle? | alabuwmadılamı?didn't they strangle? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuwğanmaI have strangled | senbuwğansayou have strangled | olbuwğandıhe has strangled | bizbuwğanbızwe have strangled | sizbuwğansızyou all have strangled | alabuwğandılathey have strangled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuwmağanmaI haven't strangled | senbuwmağansayou haven't strangled | olbuwmağandıhe hasn't strangled | bizbuwmağanbızwe haven't strangled | sizbuwmağansızyou all haven't strangled | alabuwmağandılathey haven't strangled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuwğanmamı? buwğanmıma?have I strangled? | senbuwğanmısa?have you strangled? | olbuwğanmıdı?has he strangled? | bizbuwğanbızmı? buwğanmıbız?have we strangled? | sizbuwğanmısız?have you all strangled? | alabuwğanmıdıla?have they strangled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuwmağanmamı? buwmağanmıma?haven't I strangled? | senbuwmağanmısa?haven't you strangled? | olbuwmağanmıdı?hasn't he strangled? | bizbuwmağanbızmı? buwmağanmıbız?haven't we strangled? | sizbuwmağanmısız?haven't you all strangled? | alabuwmağanmıdıla?haven't they strangled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbuwub turdumI kept strangling | senbuwub turduŋyou kept strangling | olbuwub turduhe kept strangling | bizbuwub turduqwe kept strangling | sizbuwub turduğuzyou all kept strangling | alabuwub turdulathey kept strangling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbuwub turmadımI didn't keep strangling | senbuwub turmadıŋyou didn't keep strangling | olbuwub turmadıhe didn't keep strangling | bizbuwub turmadıqwe didn't keep strangling | sizbuwub turmadığızyou all didn't keep strangling | alabuwub turmadılathey didn't keep strangling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuwarmaI will strangle | senbuwarsayou will strangle | olbuwarhe will strangle | bizbuwarbızwe will strangle | sizbuwarsızyou all will strangle | alabuwarlathey will strangle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuwmazmaI won't strangle | senbuwmazsayou won't strangle | olbuwmazhe won't strangle | bizbuwmazbızwe won't strangle | sizbuwmazsızyou all won't strangle | alabuwmazlathey won't strangle |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuwarmamı? buwarmıma?will I strangle? | senbuwarmısa?will you strangle? | olbuwarmı?will he strangle? | bizbuwarbızmı? buwarmıbız?will we strangle? | sizbuwarmısız?will you all strangle? | alabuwarlamı? buwarmıla?will they strangle? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuwmazmamı? buwmazmıma?won't I strangle? | senbuwmazmısa?won't you strangle? | olbuwmazmı?won't he strangle? | bizbuwmazbızmı? buwmazmıbız?won't we strangle? | sizbuwmazmısız?won't you all strangle? | alabuwmazlamı? buwmazmıla?won't they strangle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuwarıqmaI am going to strangle | senbuwarıqsayou are going to strangle | olbuwarıqdıhe is going to strangle | bizbuwarıqbızwe are going to strangle | sizbuwarıqsızyou all are going to strangle | alabuwarıqdılathey are going to strangle |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuwarıq tülmeI am not going to strangle | senbuwarıq tülseyou are not going to strangle | olbuwarıq tüldühe is not going to strangle | bizbuwarıq tülbüzwe are not going to strangle | sizbuwarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to strangle | alabuwarıq tüldülethey are not going to strangle |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuwarıqmamı? buwarıqmıma?am I going to strangle? | senbuwarıqmısa?are you going to strangle? | olbuwarıqmıdı?is he going to strangle? | bizbuwarıqbızmı? buwarıqmıbız?are we going to strangle? | sizbuwarıqmısız?are you all going to strangle? | alabuwarıqmıdıla?are they going to strangle? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuwarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to strangle? | senbuwarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to strangle? | olbuwarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to strangle? | bizbuwarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to strangle? | sizbuwarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to strangle? | alabuwarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to strangle? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbuwğan edimbuwğanemI had strangled | senbuwğan ediŋbuwğaneŋyou had strangled | olbuwğan edibuwğanedhe had strangled | bizbuwğan edikbuwğanekwe had strangled | sizbuwğan edigizbuwğanegizyou all had strangled | alabuwğan edilebuwğanellethey had strangled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbuwmağan edimbuwmağanemI hadn't strangled | senbuwmağan ediŋbuwmağaneŋyou hadn't strangled | olbuwmağan edibuwmağanedhe hadn't strangled | bizbuwmağan edikbuwmağanekwe hadn't strangled | sizbuwmağan edigizbuwmağanegizyou all hadn't strangled | alabuwmağan edilebuwmağanellethey hadn't strangled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbuwa edimbuwaemI was strangling | senbuwa ediŋbuwaeŋyou were strangling | olbuwa edibuwaedhe was strangling | bizbuwa edikbuwaekwe were strangling | sizbuwa edigizbuwaegizyou all were strangling | alabuwa edilebuwaellethey were strangling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbuwmay edimbuwmayemI wasn't strangling | senbuwmay ediŋbuwmayeŋyou weren't strangling | olbuwmay edibuwmayedhe wasn't strangling | bizbuwmay edikbuwmayekwe weren't strangling | sizbuwmay edigizbuwmayegizyou all weren't strangling | alabuwmay edilebuwmayellethey weren't strangling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbuwwçan edimbuwwçanemI used to strangle | senbuwwçan ediŋbuwwçaneŋyou used to strangle | olbuwwçan edibuwwçanedhe used to strangle | bizbuwwçan edikbuwwçanekwe used to strangle | sizbuwwçan edigizbuwwçanegizyou all used to strangle | alabuwwçan edilebuwwçanellethey used to strangle |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbuwmawçan edimbuwmawçanemI didn't use to strangle | senbuwmawçan ediŋbuwmawçaneŋyou didn't use to strangle | olbuwmawçan edibuwmawçanedhe didn't use to strangle | bizbuwmawçan edikbuwmawçanekwe didn't use to strangle | sizbuwmawçan edigizbuwmawçanegizyou all didn't use to strangle | alabuwmawçan edilebuwmawçanellethey didn't use to strangle |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbuwub edihe had strangled and remained so | alabuwub edilethey had strangled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbuwub tül edihe hadn't strangled | alabuwub tül edilethey hadn't strangled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbuwub tura edimbuwub turaemI had kept strangling | senbuwub tura ediŋbuwub turaeŋyou had kept strangling | olbuwub tura edibuwub turaedhe had kept strangling | bizbuwub tura edikbuwub turaekwe had kept strangling | sizbuwub tura edigizbuwub turaegizyou all had kept strangling | alabuwub tura edilebuwub turaellethey had kept strangling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbuwub turmay edimbuwub turmayemI hadn't kept strangling | senbuwub turmay ediŋbuwub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept strangling | olbuwub turmay edibuwub turmayedhe hadn't kept strangling | bizbuwub turmay edikbuwub turmayekwe hadn't kept strangling | sizbuwub turmay edigizbuwub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept strangling | alabuwub turmay edilebuwub turmayellethey hadn't kept strangling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbuwa tura edimbuwa turaemI was in the middle of strangling | senbuwa tura ediŋbuwa turaeŋyou were in the middle of strangling | olbuwa tura edibuwa turaedhe was in the middle of strangling | bizbuwa tura edikbuwa turaekwe were in the middle of strangling | sizbuwa tura edigizbuwa turaegizyou all were in the middle of strangling | alabuwa tura edilebuwa turaellethey were in the middle of strangling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbuwa turmay edimbuwa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of strangling | senbuwa turmay ediŋbuwa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of strangling | olbuwa turmay edibuwa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of strangling | bizbuwa turmay edikbuwa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of strangling | sizbuwa turmay edigizbuwa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of strangling | alabuwa turmay edilebuwa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of strangling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbuwar edimbuwar emI would strangle | senbuwar ediŋbuwar eŋyou would strangle | olbuwar edibuwar edhe would strangle | bizbuwar edikbuwar ekwe would strangle | sizbuwar edigizbuwar egizyou all would strangle | alabuwar edilebuwar ellethey would strangle |
| Conditional result (would) | menbuwmaz edimbuwmaz emI wouldn't strangle | senbuwmaz ediŋbuwmaz eŋyou wouldn't strangle | olbuwmaz edibuwmaz edhe wouldn't strangle | bizbuwmaz edikbuwmaz ekwe wouldn't strangle | sizbuwmaz edigizbuwmaz egizyou all wouldn't strangle | alabuwmaz edilebuwmaz ellethey wouldn't strangle |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbuwarıq edimbuwarıq emI would have strangled | senbuwarıq ediŋbuwarıq eŋyou would have strangled | olbuwarıq edibuwarıq edhe would have strangled | bizbuwarıq edikbuwarıq ekwe would have strangled | sizbuwarıq edigizbuwarıq egizyou all would have strangled | alabuwarıq edilebuwarıq ellethey would have strangled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbuwarıq tül edimbuwarıq tül emI wouldn't have strangled | senbuwarıq tül ediŋbuwarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have strangled | olbuwarıq tül edibuwarıq tül edhe wouldn't have strangled | bizbuwarıq tül edikbuwarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have strangled | sizbuwarıq tül edigizbuwarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have strangled | alabuwarıq tül edilebuwarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have strangled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbuwsamif I strangle | senbuwsaŋif you strangle | olbuwsaif he strangles | bizbuwsaqif we strangle | sizbuwsağızif you all strangle | alabuwsalaif they strangle |
| Conditional | menbuwmasamif I don't strangle | senbuwmasaŋif you don't strangle | olbuwmasaif he doesn't strangle | bizbuwmasaqif we don't strangle | sizbuwmasağızif you all don't strangle | alabuwmasalaif they don't strangle |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbuwa esemif I am strangling | senbuwa eseŋif you are strangling | olbuwa eseif he is strangling | bizbuwa esekif we are strangling | sizbuwa esegizif you all are strangling | alabuwa eseleif they are strangling |
| Conditional, present real | menbuwmay esemif I am not strangling | senbuwmay eseŋif you are not strangling | olbuwmay eseif he is not strangling | bizbuwmay esekif we are not strangling | sizbuwmay esegizif you all are not strangling | alabuwmay eseleif they are not strangling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbuwsam edibuwsam edif only I strangled | senbuwsaŋ edibuwsaŋ edif only you strangled | olbuwsa edibuwsaedif only he strangled | bizbuwsaq edibuwsaq edif only we strangled | sizbuwsağız edibuwsağız edif only you all strangled | alabuwsala edibuwsalaedif only they strangled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbuwmasam edibuwmasam edif only I didn't strangle | senbuwmasaŋ edibuwmasaŋ edif only you didn't strangle | olbuwmasa edibuwmasaedif only he didn't strangle | bizbuwmasaq edibuwmasaq edif only we didn't strangle | sizbuwmasağız edibuwmasağız edif only you all didn't strangle | alabuwmasala edibuwmasalaedif only they didn't strangle |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbuwub tursamif I carry on strangling | senbuwub tursaŋif you carry on strangling | olbuwub tursaif he carries on strangling | bizbuwub tursaqif we carry on strangling | sizbuwub tursağızif you all carry on strangling | alabuwub tursalaif they carry on strangling |
| Durative conditional | menbuwub turmasamif I don't carry on strangling | senbuwub turmasaŋif you don't carry on strangling | olbuwub turmasaif he doesn't carry on strangling | bizbuwub turmasaqif we don't carry on strangling | sizbuwub turmasağızif you all don't carry on strangling | alabuwub turmasalaif they don't carry on strangling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbuwub tura esemif I have kept strangling | senbuwub tura eseŋif you have kept strangling | olbuwub tura eseif he has kept strangling | bizbuwub tura esekif we have kept strangling | sizbuwub tura esegizif you all have kept strangling | alabuwub tura eseleif they have kept strangling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbuwub turmay esemif I haven't kept strangling | senbuwub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept strangling | olbuwub turmay eseif he hasn't kept strangling | bizbuwub turmay esekif we haven't kept strangling | sizbuwub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept strangling | alabuwub turmay eseleif they haven't kept strangling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbuwa tursamif I keep strangling | senbuwa tursaŋif you keep strangling | olbuwa tursaif he keeps strangling | bizbuwa tursaqif we keep strangling | sizbuwa tursağızif you all keep strangling | alabuwa tursalaif they keep strangling |
| Progressive conditional | menbuwmay tursamif I keep on not strangling | senbuwmay tursaŋif you keep on not strangling | olbuwmay tursaif he keeps on not strangling | bizbuwmay tursaqif we keep on not strangling | sizbuwmay tursağızif you all keep on not strangling | alabuwmay tursalaif they keep on not strangling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbuwa tura esemif I am in the middle of strangling | senbuwa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of strangling | olbuwa tura eseif he is in the middle of strangling | bizbuwa tura esekif we are in the middle of strangling | sizbuwa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of strangling | alabuwa tura eseleif they are in the middle of strangling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbuwmay tura esemif I keep on not strangling | senbuwmay tura eseŋif you keep on not strangling | olbuwmay tura eseif he keeps on not strangling | bizbuwmay tura esekif we keep on not strangling | sizbuwmay tura esegizif you all keep on not strangling | alabuwmay tura eseleif they keep on not strangling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbuwdum esemif I strangled | senbuwduŋ eseŋif you strangled | olbuwdu eseif he strangled | bizbuwduq esekif we strangled | sizbuwduğuz esegizif you all strangled | alabuwdula eseleif they strangled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbuwmadım esemif I didn't strangle | senbuwmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't strangle | olbuwmadı eseif he didn't strangle | bizbuwmadıq esekif we didn't strangle | sizbuwmadığız esegizif you all didn't strangle | alabuwmadıla eseleif they didn't strangle |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbuwğan esemif I did strangle (indeed) | senbuwğan eseŋif you did strangle (indeed) | olbuwğan eseif he did strangle (indeed) | bizbuwğan esekif we did strangle (indeed) | sizbuwğan esegizif you all did strangle (indeed) | alabuwğan eseleif they did strangle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbuwmağan esemif I didn't strangle (indeed) | senbuwmağan eseŋif you didn't strangle (indeed) | olbuwmağan eseif he didn't strangle (indeed) | bizbuwmağan esekif we didn't strangle (indeed) | sizbuwmağan esegizif you all didn't strangle (indeed) | alabuwmağan eseleif they didn't strangle (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbuwğan bolsamif I had strangled | senbuwğan bolsaŋif you had strangled | olbuwğan bolsaif he had strangled | bizbuwğan bolsaqif we had strangled | sizbuwğan bolsağızif you all had strangled | alabuwğan bolsalaif they had strangled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbuwmağan bolsamif I hadn't strangled | senbuwmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't strangled | olbuwmağan bolsaif he hadn't strangled | bizbuwmağan bolsaqif we hadn't strangled | sizbuwmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't strangled | alabuwmağan bolsalaif they hadn't strangled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbuwğan bolsam edibuwğan bolsam edif only I had strangled | senbuwğan bolsaŋ edibuwğan bolsaŋ edif only you had strangled | olbuwğan bolsa edibuwğan bolsaedif only he had strangled | bizbuwğan bolsaq edibuwğan bolsaq edif only we had strangled | sizbuwğan bolsağız edibuwğan bolsağız edif only you all had strangled | alabuwğan bolsala edibuwğan bolsalaedif only they had strangled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbuwmağan bolsam edibuwmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't strangled | senbuwmağan bolsaŋ edibuwmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't strangled | olbuwmağan bolsa edibuwmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't strangled | bizbuwmağan bolsaq edibuwmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't strangled | sizbuwmağan bolsağız edibuwmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't strangled | alabuwmağan bolsala edibuwmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't strangled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbuwar esemif I will strangle | senbuwar eseŋif you will strangle | olbuwar eseif he will strangle | bizbuwar esekif we will strangle | sizbuwar esegizif you all will strangle | alabuwar eseleif they will strangle |
| Conditional, aorist | menbuwmaz esemif I won't strangle | senbuwmaz eseŋif you won't strangle | olbuwmaz eseif he won't strangle | bizbuwmaz esekif we won't strangle | sizbuwmaz esegizif you all won't strangle | alabuwmaz eseleif they won't strangle |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbuwarıq esemif I am going to strangle | senbuwarıq eseŋif you are going to strangle | olbuwarıq eseif he is going to strangle | bizbuwarıq esekif we are going to strangle | sizbuwarıq esegizif you all are going to strangle | alabuwarıq eseleif they are going to strangle |
| Conditional, future | menbuwarıq tül esemif I am not going to strangle | senbuwarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to strangle | olbuwarıq tül eseif he is not going to strangle | bizbuwarıq tül esekif we are not going to strangle | sizbuwarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to strangle | alabuwarıq tül eseleif they are not going to strangle |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbuwarıq bolsamif I were going to strangle | senbuwarıq bolsaŋif you were going to strangle | olbuwarıq bolsaif he were going to strangle | bizbuwarıq bolsaqif we were going to strangle | sizbuwarıq bolsağızif you all were going to strangle | alabuwarıq bolsalaif they were going to strangle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbuwmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to strangle | senbuwmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to strangle | olbuwmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to strangle | bizbuwmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to strangle | sizbuwmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to strangle | alabuwmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to strangle |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso buwduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbuwa bolurmaI must be strangling | senbuwa bolursayou must be strangling | olbuwa bolurhe must be strangling | bizbuwa bolurbuzwe must be strangling | sizbuwa bolursuzyou all must be strangling | alabuwa bolurlathey must be strangling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbuwmay bolurmaI must not be strangling | senbuwmay bolursayou must not be strangling | olbuwmay bolurhe must not be strangling | bizbuwmay bolurbuzwe must not be strangling | sizbuwmay bolursuzyou all must not be strangling | alabuwmay bolurlathey must not be strangling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbuwa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of strangling | senbuwa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of strangling | olbuwa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of strangling | bizbuwa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of strangling | sizbuwa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of strangling | alabuwa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of strangling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbuwmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not strangling | senbuwmay tura bolursayou must keep on not strangling | olbuwmay tura bolurhe must keep on not strangling | bizbuwmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not strangling | sizbuwmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not strangling | alabuwmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not strangling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbuwğan bolurmaI must have strangled | senbuwğan bolursayou must have strangled | olbuwğan bolurhe must have strangled | bizbuwğan bolurbuzwe must have strangled | sizbuwğan bolursuzyou all must have strangled | alabuwğan bolurlathey must have strangled |
| Inference (must have) | menbuwmağan bolurmaI must not have strangled | senbuwmağan bolursayou must not have strangled | olbuwmağan bolurhe must not have strangled | bizbuwmağan bolurbuzwe must not have strangled | sizbuwmağan bolursuzyou all must not have strangled | alabuwmağan bolurlathey must not have strangled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbuwarıq bolurmaI must be going to strangle | senbuwarıq bolursayou must be going to strangle | olbuwarıq bolurhe must be going to strangle | bizbuwarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to strangle | sizbuwarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to strangle | alabuwarıq bolurlathey must be going to strangle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbuwmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to strangle | senbuwmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to strangle | olbuwmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to strangle | bizbuwmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to strangle | sizbuwmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to strangle | alabuwmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to strangle |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbuwayımlet me strangle | senbuw!strangle! | olbuwsunlet him strangle | bizbuwayıqlet's strangle | sizbuwuğuz!strangle, you all! | alabuwsunlalet them strangle |
| Commands & suggestions | menbuwmayımlet me not strangle | senbuwma!don't strangle! | olbuwmasınlet him not strangle | bizbuwmayıqlet's not strangle | sizbuwmağız!don't strangle, you all! | alabuwmasınlalet them not strangle |
| Commands & suggestions | menbuwayımmı?shall I strangle? | olbuwsunmu?should he strangle? | bizbuwayıqmı?shall we strangle? | alabuwsunlamı?should they strangle? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbuwmayımmı?shall I not strangle? | olbuwmasınmı?should he not strangle? | bizbuwmayıqmı?shall we not strangle? | alabuwmasınlamı?should they not strangle? | ||
| Requests | senbuwçu2buwçunplease strangle | olbuwsunçudo let him strangle | sizbuwçuğuzplease strangle (plural/polite) | alabuwsunlaçıdo let them strangle | ||
| Requests | senbuwmaçı2buwmaçınplease don't strangle | olbuwmasınçıdo let him not strangle | sizbuwmaçığızplease don't strangle (plural/polite) | alabuwmasınlaçıdo let them not strangle | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbuwğunbuwğumay you strangle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbuwmağınbuwmağımay you not strangle | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbuwğay edim buwğa edimwould that I strangled | senbuwğay ediŋ buwğa ediŋwould that you strangled | olbuwğay edi buwğa ediwould that he strangled | bizbuwğay edik buwğa edikwould that we strangled | sizbuwğay edigiz buwğa edigizwould that you all strangled | alabuwğay edile buwğa edilewould that they strangled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbuwmağay edim buwmağa edimwould that I did not strangle | senbuwmağay ediŋ buwmağa ediŋwould that you did not strangle | olbuwmağay edi buwmağa ediwould that he did not strangle | bizbuwmağay edik buwmağa edikwould that we did not strangle | sizbuwmağay edigiz buwmağa edigizwould that you all did not strangle | alabuwmağay edile buwmağa edilewould that they did not strangle |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuwmağa qoyayımbuwma qoyayımlet me allow someone to strangle | senbuwmağa qoy!buwma qoy!let someone strangle! | olbuwmağa qoysunbuwma qoysunlet him allow someone to strangle | bizbuwmağa qoyayıqbuwma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to strangle | sizbuwmağa qoyuğuz!buwma qoyuğuz!let someone strangle, you all! | alabuwmağa qoysunlabuwma qoysunlalet them allow someone to strangle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuwmağa qoymayımbuwma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to strangle | senbuwmağa qoyma!buwma qoyma!don't let someone strangle! | olbuwmağa qoymasınbuwma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to strangle | bizbuwmağa qoymayıqbuwma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to strangle | sizbuwmağa qoymağız!buwma qoymağız!don't let someone strangle, you all! | alabuwmağa qoymasınlabuwma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to strangle |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuwmağa qoyayımmı?buwma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to strangle? | olbuwmağa qoysunmu?buwma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to strangle? | bizbuwmağa qoyayıqmı?buwma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to strangle? | alabuwmağa qoysunlamı?buwma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to strangle? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuwmağa qoymayımmı?buwma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to strangle? | olbuwmağa qoymasınmı?buwma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to strangle? | bizbuwmağa qoymayıqmı?buwma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to strangle? | alabuwmağa qoymasınlamı?buwma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to strangle? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbuwmağa qoyamabuwma qoyamaI allow someone to strangle | senbuwmağa qoyasabuwma qoyasayou allow someone to strangle | olbuwmağa qoyadıbuwma qoyadıhe allows someone to strangle | bizbuwmağa qoyabızbuwma qoyabızwe allow someone to strangle | sizbuwmağa qoyasızbuwma qoyasızyou all allow someone to strangle | alabuwmağa qoyadılabuwma qoyadılathey allow someone to strangle |
| Let someone… (present) | menbuwmağa qoymaymabuwma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to strangle | senbuwmağa qoymaysabuwma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to strangle | olbuwmağa qoymaydıbuwma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to strangle | bizbuwmağa qoymaybızbuwma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to strangle | sizbuwmağa qoymaysızbuwma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to strangle | alabuwmağa qoymaydılabuwma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to strangle |
| Let someone… (present) | menbuwmağa qoyamamı?buwma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to strangle? | senbuwmağa qoyamısa?buwma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to strangle? | olbuwmağa qoyamıdı?buwma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to strangle? | bizbuwmağa qoyabızmı?buwma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to strangle? | sizbuwmağa qoyamısız?buwma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to strangle? | alabuwmağa qoyamıdıla?buwma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to strangle? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbuwmağa qoymaymamı?buwma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to strangle? | senbuwmağa qoymaymısa?buwma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to strangle? | olbuwmağa qoymaymıdı?buwma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to strangle? | bizbuwmağa qoymaybızmı?buwma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to strangle? | sizbuwmağa qoymaymısız?buwma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to strangle? | alabuwmağa qoymaymıdıla?buwma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to strangle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuwmağa qoydumbuwma qoydumI allowed someone to strangle | senbuwmağa qoyduŋbuwma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to strangle | olbuwmağa qoydubuwma qoyduhe allowed someone to strangle | bizbuwmağa qoyduqbuwma qoyduqwe allowed someone to strangle | sizbuwmağa qoyduğuzbuwma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to strangle | alabuwmağa qoydulabuwma qoydulathey allowed someone to strangle |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuwmağa qoymadımbuwma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to strangle | senbuwmağa qoymadıŋbuwma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to strangle | olbuwmağa qoymadıbuwma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to strangle | bizbuwmağa qoymadıqbuwma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to strangle | sizbuwmağa qoymadığızbuwma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to strangle | alabuwmağa qoymadılabuwma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to strangle |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuwmağa qoydummu?buwma qoydummu?did I allow someone to strangle? | senbuwmağa qoyduŋmu?buwma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to strangle? | olbuwmağa qoydumu?buwma qoydumu?did he allow someone to strangle? | bizbuwmağa qoyduqmu?buwma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to strangle? | sizbuwmağa qoyduğuzmu?buwma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to strangle? | alabuwmağa qoydulamı?buwma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to strangle? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuwmağa qoymadımmı?buwma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to strangle? | senbuwmağa qoymadıŋmı?buwma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to strangle? | olbuwmağa qoymadımı?buwma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to strangle? | bizbuwmağa qoymadıqmı?buwma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to strangle? | sizbuwmağa qoymadığızmı?buwma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to strangle? | alabuwmağa qoymadılamı?buwma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to strangle? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbuwalamaI can strangle | senbuwalasayou can strangle | olbuwaladıhe can strangle | bizbuwalabızwe can strangle | sizbuwalasızyou all can strangle | alabuwaladılathey can strangle |
| Ability — present | menbuwalmaymaI can't strangle | senbuwalmaysayou can't strangle | olbuwalmaydıhe can't strangle | bizbuwalmaybızwe can't strangle | sizbuwalmaysızyou all can't strangle | alabuwalmaydılathey can't strangle |
| Ability — present | menbuwalamamı? buwalamıma?can I strangle? | senbuwalamısa?can you strangle? | olbuwalamıdı?can he strangle? | bizbuwalabızmı? buwalamıbız?can we strangle? | sizbuwalamısız?can you all strangle? | alabuwalamıdıla?can they strangle? |
| Ability — present | menbuwalmaymamı? buwalmaymıma?can't I strangle? | senbuwalmaymısa?can't you strangle? | olbuwalmaymıdı?can't he strangle? | bizbuwalmaybızmı? buwalmaymıbız?can't we strangle? | sizbuwalmaymısız?can't you all strangle? | alabuwalmaymıdıla?can't they strangle? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbuwalsamif I can strangle | senbuwalsaŋif you can strangle | olbuwalsaif he can strangle | bizbuwalsaqif we can strangle | sizbuwalsağızif you all can strangle | alabuwalsalaif they can strangle |
| Ability — if I can… | menbuwalmasamif I can't strangle | senbuwalmasaŋif you can't strangle | olbuwalmasaif he can't strangle | bizbuwalmasaqif we can't strangle | sizbuwalmasağızif you all can't strangle | alabuwalmasalaif they can't strangle |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbuwaldımI was able to strangle | senbuwaldıŋyou were able to strangle | olbuwaldıhe was able to strangle | bizbuwaldıqwe were able to strangle | sizbuwaldığızyou all were able to strangle | alabuwaldılathey were able to strangle |
| Ability — simple past | menbuwalmadımI could not strangle | senbuwalmadıŋyou could not strangle | olbuwalmadıhe could not strangle | bizbuwalmadıqwe could not strangle | sizbuwalmadığızyou all could not strangle | alabuwalmadılathey could not strangle |
| Ability — simple past | menbuwaldımmı?was I able to strangle? | senbuwaldıŋmı?were you able to strangle? | olbuwaldımı?was he able to strangle? | bizbuwaldıqmı?were we able to strangle? | sizbuwaldığızmı?were you all able to strangle? | alabuwaldılamı?were they able to strangle? |
| Ability — simple past | menbuwalmadımmı?couldn't I strangle? | senbuwalmadıŋmı?couldn't you strangle? | olbuwalmadımı?couldn't he strangle? | bizbuwalmadıqmı?couldn't we strangle? | sizbuwalmadığızmı?couldn't you all strangle? | alabuwalmadılamı?couldn't they strangle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuwalğanmaI have been able to strangle | senbuwalğansayou have been able to strangle | olbuwalğandıhe has been able to strangle | bizbuwalğanbızwe have been able to strangle | sizbuwalğansızyou all have been able to strangle | alabuwalğandılathey have been able to strangle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuwalmağanmaI haven't been able to strangle | senbuwalmağansayou haven't been able to strangle | olbuwalmağandıhe hasn't been able to strangle | bizbuwalmağanbızwe haven't been able to strangle | sizbuwalmağansızyou all haven't been able to strangle | alabuwalmağandılathey haven't been able to strangle |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuwalğanmamı? buwalğanmıma?have I been able to strangle? | senbuwalğanmısa?have you been able to strangle? | olbuwalğanmıdı?has he been able to strangle? | bizbuwalğanbızmı? buwalğanmıbız?have we been able to strangle? | sizbuwalğanmısız?have you all been able to strangle? | alabuwalğanmıdıla?have they been able to strangle? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuwalmağanmamı? buwalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to strangle? | senbuwalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to strangle? | olbuwalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to strangle? | bizbuwalmağanbızmı? buwalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to strangle? | sizbuwalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to strangle? | alabuwalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to strangle? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbuwalğan edimbuwalğanemI had been able to strangle | senbuwalğan ediŋbuwalğaneŋyou had been able to strangle | olbuwalğan edibuwalğanedhe had been able to strangle | bizbuwalğan edikbuwalğanekwe had been able to strangle | sizbuwalğan edigizbuwalğanegizyou all had been able to strangle | alabuwalğan edilebuwalğanellethey had been able to strangle |
| Ability — past perfect | menbuwalmağan edimbuwalmağanemI hadn't been able to strangle | senbuwalmağan ediŋbuwalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to strangle | olbuwalmağan edibuwalmağanedhe hadn't been able to strangle | bizbuwalmağan edikbuwalmağanekwe hadn't been able to strangle | sizbuwalmağan edigizbuwalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to strangle | alabuwalmağan edilebuwalmağanellethey hadn't been able to strangle |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbuwala edimbuwalaemI could strangle | senbuwala ediŋbuwalaeŋyou could strangle | olbuwala edibuwalaedhe could strangle | bizbuwala edikbuwalaekwe could strangle | sizbuwala edigizbuwalaegizyou all could strangle | alabuwala edilebuwalaellethey could strangle |
| Ability — past background | menbuwalmay edimbuwalmayemI could not strangle | senbuwalmay ediŋbuwalmayeŋyou could not strangle | olbuwalmay edibuwalmayedhe could not strangle | bizbuwalmay edikbuwalmayekwe could not strangle | sizbuwalmay edigizbuwalmayegizyou all could not strangle | alabuwalmay edilebuwalmayellethey could not strangle |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbuwalırmaI will be able to strangle | senbuwalırsayou will be able to strangle | olbuwalırhe will be able to strangle | bizbuwalırbızwe will be able to strangle | sizbuwalırsızyou all will be able to strangle | alabuwalırlathey will be able to strangle |
| Ability — future I | menbuwalmazmaI won't be able to strangle | senbuwalmazsayou won't be able to strangle | olbuwalmazhe won't be able to strangle | bizbuwalmazbızwe won't be able to strangle | sizbuwalmazsızyou all won't be able to strangle | alabuwalmazlathey won't be able to strangle |
| Ability — future I | menbuwalırmamı? buwalırmıma?will I be able to strangle? | senbuwalırmısa?will you be able to strangle? | olbuwalırmı?will he be able to strangle? | bizbuwalırbızmı? buwalırmıbız?will we be able to strangle? | sizbuwalırmısız?will you all be able to strangle? | alabuwalırlamı? buwalırmıla?will they be able to strangle? |
| Ability — future I | menbuwalmazmamı? buwalmazmıma?won't I be able to strangle? | senbuwalmazmısa?won't you be able to strangle? | olbuwalmazmı?won't he be able to strangle? | bizbuwalmazbızmı? buwalmazmıbız?won't we be able to strangle? | sizbuwalmazmısız?won't you all be able to strangle? | alabuwalmazlamı? buwalmazmıla?won't they be able to strangle? |
| Ability — future II | menbuwallıqmaI am going to be able to strangle | senbuwallıqsayou are going to be able to strangle | olbuwallıqdıhe is going to be able to strangle | bizbuwallıqbızwe are going to be able to strangle | sizbuwallıqsızyou all are going to be able to strangle | alabuwallıqdılathey are going to be able to strangle |
| Ability — future II | menbuwallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to strangle | senbuwallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to strangle | olbuwallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to strangle | bizbuwallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to strangle | sizbuwallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to strangle | alabuwallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to strangle |
| Ability — future II | menbuwallıqmamı? buwallıqmıma?am I going to be able to strangle? | senbuwallıqmısa?are you going to be able to strangle? | olbuwallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to strangle? | bizbuwallıqbızmı? buwallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to strangle? | sizbuwallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to strangle? | alabuwallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to strangle? |
| Ability — future II | menbuwallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to strangle? | senbuwallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to strangle? | olbuwallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to strangle? | bizbuwallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to strangle? | sizbuwallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to strangle? | alabuwallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to strangle? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbuwalır edimbuwalır emI would be able to strangle | senbuwalır ediŋbuwalır eŋyou would be able to strangle | olbuwalır edibuwalır edhe would be able to strangle | bizbuwalır edikbuwalır ekwe would be able to strangle | sizbuwalır edigizbuwalır egizyou all would be able to strangle | alabuwalır edilebuwalır ellethey would be able to strangle |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbuwalmaz edimbuwalmaz emI wouldn't be able to strangle | senbuwalmaz ediŋbuwalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to strangle | olbuwalmaz edibuwalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to strangle | bizbuwalmaz edikbuwalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to strangle | sizbuwalmaz edigizbuwalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to strangle | alabuwalmaz edilebuwalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to strangle |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbuwalğınbuwalğımay you be able to strangle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbuwalmağınbuwalmağımay you not be able to strangle | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbuwarğa izleymeI want to strangle | senbuwarğa izleyseyou want to strangle | olbuwarğa izleydihe wants to strangle | bizbuwarğa izleybizwe want to strangle | sizbuwarğa izleysizyou all want to strangle | alabuwarğa izleydilethey want to strangle |
| want to | menbuwarğa izlemeymeI do not want to strangle | senbuwarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to strangle | olbuwarğa izlemeydihe does not want to strangle | bizbuwarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to strangle | sizbuwarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to strangle | alabuwarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to strangle |
| would like to | menbuwarğa süemeI would like to strangle | senbuwarğa süeseyou would like to strangle | olbuwarğa süedihe would like to strangle | bizbuwarğa süebizwe would like to strangle | sizbuwarğa süesizyou all would like to strangle | alabuwarğa süedilethey would like to strangle |
| would like to | menbuwarğa süymeymeI would not like to strangle | senbuwarğa süymeyseyou would not like to strangle | olbuwarğa süymeydihe would not like to strangle | bizbuwarğa süymeybizwe would not like to strangle | sizbuwarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to strangle | alabuwarğa süymeydilethey would not like to strangle |
| hope to | menbuwarğa umutlanamaI hope to strangle | senbuwarğa umutlanasayou hope to strangle | olbuwarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to strangle | bizbuwarğa umutlanabızwe hope to strangle | sizbuwarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to strangle | alabuwarğa umutlanadılathey hope to strangle |
| hope to | menbuwarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to strangle | senbuwarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to strangle | olbuwarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to strangle | bizbuwarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to strangle | sizbuwarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to strangle | alabuwarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to strangle |
| be about to | menbuwarğa deb turamaI am about to strangle | senbuwarğa deb turasayou are about to strangle | olbuwarğa deb turadıhe is about to strangle | bizbuwarğa deb turabızwe are about to strangle | sizbuwarğa deb turasızyou all are about to strangle | alabuwarğa deb turadılathey are about to strangle |
| be about to | menbuwarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to strangle | senbuwarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to strangle | olbuwarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to strangle | bizbuwarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to strangle | sizbuwarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to strangle | alabuwarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to strangle |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbuwarğa kerekmeI need to strangle | senbuwarğa kerekseyou need to strangle | olbuwarğa kerekdihe needs to strangle | bizbuwarğa kerekbizwe need to strangle | sizbuwarğa kereksizyou all need to strangle | alabuwarğa kerekdilethey need to strangle |
| need to | menbuwarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to strangle | senbuwarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to strangle | olbuwarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to strangle | bizbuwarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to strangle | sizbuwarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to strangle | alabuwarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to strangle |
| have to | menmenŋe buwarğa tüşediI have to strangle | sensenŋe buwarğa tüşediyou have to strangle | olaŋa buwarğa tüşedihe has to strangle | bizbizge buwarğa tüşediwe have to strangle | sizsizge buwarğa tüşediyou all have to strangle | alaalağa buwarğa tüşedithey have to strangle |
| have to | menmenŋe buwarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to strangle | sensenŋe buwarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to strangle | olaŋa buwarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to strangle | bizbizge buwarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to strangle | sizsizge buwarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to strangle | alaalağa buwarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to strangle |
| be obliged to | menbuwarğa borçlumaI am obliged to strangle | senbuwarğa borçlusayou are obliged to strangle | olbuwarğa borçluduhe is obliged to strangle | bizbuwarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to strangle | sizbuwarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to strangle | alabuwarğa borçludulathey are obliged to strangle |
| be obliged to | menbuwarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to strangle | senbuwarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to strangle | olbuwarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to strangle | bizbuwarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to strangle | sizbuwarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to strangle | alabuwarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to strangle |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbuwarğa madarım bardıI have a way to strangle | senbuwarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to strangle | olbuwarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to strangle | bizbuwarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to strangle | sizbuwarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to strangle | alabuwarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to strangle |
| have a way to | menbuwarğa madarım joqduI have no way to strangle | senbuwarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to strangle | olbuwarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to strangle | bizbuwarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to strangle | sizbuwarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to strangle | alabuwarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to strangle |
| be free to | menbuwarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to strangle | senbuwarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to strangle | olbuwarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to strangle | bizbuwarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to strangle | sizbuwarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to strangle | alabuwarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to strangle |
| be free to | menbuwarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to strangle | senbuwarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to strangle | olbuwarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to strangle | bizbuwarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to strangle | sizbuwarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to strangle | alabuwarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to strangle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe buwarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to strangle | sensenŋe buwarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to strangle | olaŋa buwarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to strangle | bizbizge buwarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to strangle | sizsizge buwarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to strangle | alaalağa buwarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to strangle |
| be possible to | menmenŋe buwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to strangle | sensenŋe buwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to strangle | olaŋa buwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to strangle | bizbizge buwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to strangle | sizsizge buwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to strangle | alaalağa buwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to strangle |
| be ready to | menbuwarğa hazırmaI am ready to strangle | senbuwarğa hazırsayou are ready to strangle | olbuwarğa hazırdıhe is ready to strangle | bizbuwarğa hazırbızwe are ready to strangle | sizbuwarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to strangle | alabuwarğa hazırdılathey are ready to strangle |
| be ready to | menbuwarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to strangle | senbuwarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to strangle | olbuwarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to strangle | bizbuwarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to strangle | sizbuwarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to strangle | alabuwarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to strangle |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbuwarğa küreşemeI am trying to strangle | senbuwarğa küreşeseyou are trying to strangle | olbuwarğa küreşedihe is trying to strangle | bizbuwarğa küreşebizwe are trying to strangle | sizbuwarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to strangle | alabuwarğa küreşedilethey are trying to strangle |
| try to | menbuwarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to strangle | senbuwarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to strangle | olbuwarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to strangle | bizbuwarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to strangle | sizbuwarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to strangle | alabuwarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to strangle |
| agree to | menbuwarğa unaymaI agree to strangle | senbuwarğa unaysayou agree to strangle | olbuwarğa unaydıhe agrees to strangle | bizbuwarğa unaybızwe agree to strangle | sizbuwarğa unaysızyou all agree to strangle | alabuwarğa unaydılathey agree to strangle |
| agree to | menbuwarğa unamaymaI refuse to strangle | senbuwarğa unamaysayou refuse to strangle | olbuwarğa unamaydıhe refuses to strangle | bizbuwarğa unamaybızwe refuse to strangle | sizbuwarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to strangle | alabuwarğa unamaydılathey refuse to strangle |
| hurry to | menbuwarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to strangle | senbuwarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to strangle | olbuwarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to strangle | bizbuwarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to strangle | sizbuwarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to strangle | alabuwarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to strangle |
| hurry to | menbuwarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to strangle | senbuwarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to strangle | olbuwarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to strangle | bizbuwarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to strangle | sizbuwarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to strangle | alabuwarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to strangle |
| be afraid to | menbuwarğa qorqamaI am afraid to strangle | senbuwarğa qorqasayou are afraid to strangle | olbuwarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to strangle | bizbuwarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to strangle | sizbuwarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to strangle | alabuwarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to strangle |
| be afraid to | menbuwarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to strangle | senbuwarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to strangle | olbuwarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to strangle | bizbuwarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to strangle | sizbuwarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to strangle | alabuwarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to strangle |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbuwa bolmazmaI can't be strangling | senbuwa bolmazsayou can't be strangling | olbuwa bolmazhe can't be strangling | bizbuwa bolmazbızwe can't be strangling | sizbuwa bolmazsızyou all can't be strangling | alabuwa bolmazlathey can't be strangling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbuwmay bolmazmaI must be strangling (emphatic) | senbuwmay bolmazsayou must be strangling (emphatic) | olbuwmay bolmazhe must be strangling (emphatic) | bizbuwmay bolmazbızwe must be strangling (emphatic) | sizbuwmay bolmazsızyou all must be strangling (emphatic) | alabuwmay bolmazlathey must be strangling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbuwa turmasamif I don't keep strangling | senbuwa turmasaŋif you don't keep strangling | olbuwa turmasaif he doesn't keep strangling | bizbuwa turmasaqif we don't keep strangling | sizbuwa turmasağızif you all don't keep strangling | alabuwa turmasalaif they don't keep strangling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbuwa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of strangling | senbuwa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of strangling | olbuwa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of strangling | bizbuwa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of strangling | sizbuwa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of strangling | alabuwa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of strangling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbuwmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not strangling (emphatic) | senbuwmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not strangling (emphatic) | olbuwmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not strangling (emphatic) | bizbuwmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not strangling (emphatic) | sizbuwmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not strangling (emphatic) | alabuwmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not strangling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbuwmay turamaI keep on not strangling | senbuwmay turasayou keep on not strangling | olbuwmay turadıhe keeps on not strangling | bizbuwmay turabızwe keep on not strangling | sizbuwmay turasızyou all keep on not strangling | alabuwmay turadılathey keep on not strangling |
| Progressive — double negation | menbuwmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not strangling | senbuwmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not strangling | olbuwmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not strangling | bizbuwmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not strangling | sizbuwmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not strangling | alabuwmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not strangling |
| Progressive — double negation | menbuwmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not strangling? | senbuwmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not strangling? | olbuwmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not strangling? | bizbuwmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not strangling? | sizbuwmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not strangling? | alabuwmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not strangling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbuwğan bolmazmaI can't have strangled | senbuwğan bolmazsayou can't have strangled | olbuwğan bolmazhe can't have strangled | bizbuwğan bolmazbızwe can't have strangled | sizbuwğan bolmazsızyou all can't have strangled | alabuwğan bolmazlathey can't have strangled |
| Inference — double negation | menbuwmağan bolmazmaI must have strangled (emphatic) | senbuwmağan bolmazsayou must have strangled (emphatic) | olbuwmağan bolmazhe must have strangled (emphatic) | bizbuwmağan bolmazbızwe must have strangled (emphatic) | sizbuwmağan bolmazsızyou all must have strangled (emphatic) | alabuwmağan bolmazlathey must have strangled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbuwğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had strangled | senbuwğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had strangled | olbuwğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had strangled | bizbuwğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had strangled | sizbuwğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had strangled | alabuwğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had strangled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbuwmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't strangled | senbuwmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't strangled | olbuwmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't strangled | bizbuwmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't strangled | sizbuwmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't strangled | alabuwmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't strangled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbuwarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to strangle | senbuwarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to strangle | olbuwarıq bolmazhe can't be going to strangle | bizbuwarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to strangle | sizbuwarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to strangle | alabuwarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to strangle |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbuwmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to strangle (emphatic) | senbuwmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to strangle (emphatic) | olbuwmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to strangle (emphatic) | bizbuwmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to strangle (emphatic) | sizbuwmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to strangle (emphatic) | alabuwmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to strangle (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbuwarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to strangle | senbuwarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to strangle | olbuwarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to strangle | bizbuwarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to strangle | sizbuwarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to strangle | alabuwarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to strangle |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbuwmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to strangle | senbuwmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to strangle | olbuwmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to strangle | bizbuwmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to strangle | sizbuwmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to strangle | alabuwmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to strangle |