boş

/boʃ/

1. (adj.) empty, vacant

boş çelek — an empty bucket
boş üy — an empty house
boş sawut — an empty vessel
hurjunum boşdu — my pocket is empty
boş otow — an empty room
içi boş terek — a hollow tree
boş jıkkır bek dığırdar — an empty barrel rattles loudly

2. (adj.) free, available, unoccupied (of a place or thing) — For example boş orun 'a free seat, a vacant post'.

boş orun — a free seat
orun boşdu — the seat is free
bu orun boşmudu? — is this seat free?
telefon boşdu — the phone is free
altı otowundan biri boş edi — one of its six rooms was unoccupied

3. (adj.) free, not busy; spare (of time) — For example boş zaman 'free time'.

boş zaman — free time
boş zamanımda kelirme — I will come in my free time
iŋir sayın boşma — I am free every evening
men saw künnü boş bolmayma — I am not free the whole day
boş minutum joqdu — I don't have a free minute
adamnı boş künleri — a person's free days
boş közüw — free time

4. (adj.) free, at liberty — boş eterge means 'set free, release' and boş bolurğa means 'become free'.

quşnu boş etdim — I set the bird free
başına boş eterge — to set free, to give freedom
başına boş adam — an independent person

5. (adj.) trivial, worthless, insignificant

boş zat — a trifle
boş söz — idle talk
boş sıltawla — trivial excuses
boş jumuşçuq — a trifling little errand
boş zatla bla küreşedi — he busies himself with trifles
qalğan barıda boşdu — everything else is trivial

6. (adj.) futile, fruitless, pointless; vain (of hopes)

boş umutla — vain hopes
boş ışanıw — a vain hope

7. (adj.) unnecessary, needless

boş qayğıla — needless worries
boş zatlanı almayma — I do not buy unnecessary things
boş sözleni qoy — drop the needless words

8. (adj.) someone else's, unrelated, not of one's own family (fig.)

boş adam — an outsider, someone from outside the family
boş sabiylege boluşadı — she helps other people's children
kesin boş adamça jürütedi — he behaves like an outsider
ahlusun boş adamnıça körüw — regarding one's relative as an outsider

9. (adj.) slack, loose, not tightly tied

tüyümçek boşdu — the knot is slack
tüyme boş bolub turadı — the button is hanging loose
başı boş qapçıq — a sack loose at the top
qobuznu qılları boş — the strings of the kobuz are slack

10. (adj.) simple, not compound (gram.) — For example boş aytım 'simple sentence' and boş sıfat 'simple adjective'.

boş aytım — a simple sentence
boş sıfat — a simple adjective
bu aytım boşdu — this sentence is a simple one

11. (adv.) in vain, needlessly, without a reason — With a negated verb it says the opposite: the action did have a reason (boş kelmegendi 'he did not come for nothing').

boş saqlab turdum — I waited in vain
asırı boş qızdım — I lost my temper for nothing
boş saqladım — I waited in vain
zamannı boş keteredi — he wastes his time for nothing
boş qıynalıw — struggling in vain
ol boş kelmegendi — he did not come for nothing
ol bizge boş jürümeydi — he does not visit us for nothing
boş olturğandan ese aylan — better to walk about in vain than to sit in vain

12. (adv.) loosely, not tightly

tüyümçek boş qısılğandı — the knot is tied loosely
tüyümçekni boş qısdım — I tied the knot loosely
bel bawnu boş qısıw — tying the belt loosely
malnı boş tağadı — he tethers the animal loosely
qobuznu qılları boş tartılğanlay qalğandıla — the kobuz strings stayed loosely stretched

13. (adv.) simply, plainly, ordinarily — alay boş means 'just like that, for no particular reason', and can also mean 'only in jest'.

boş kiyinedi — he dresses plainly
boş jaşaybız — we live simply
alay boş aytdım — I just said it like that

14. (adv.) free of charge, gratis

boş aldım — I got it free of charge
kitabnı boş berdi — he gave the book free of charge
boş işleydi — he works for free
boş kelgen ırıshı — wealth that came free of charge

15. (adv.) empty, without a load one source

arba boş qaytdı — the cart came back empty

Expressions

boş qalsın — may it be wasted (Formula · Curse)
awuzun boş etmezge — talk nonstop (Idiom)
ayağı boş bolurğa — free the bride (Idiom)
baş kün bla boş kün — always, constantly (Idiom)

Found in

Weights, measures & amounts 100 common adjectives

Sources

Show 7 sources

Gochiyaeva et al. 1993 · Russian–Karachay Learner's Dictionary · meanings 2, 3
Guzeev (ed.) 1996–2005 · Explanatory Dictionary of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 1–3, 5–9, 11–14
Guzeev 2000 · School Explanatory Dictionary of the Balkar Language · meanings 4, 10
Guzeev 2013 · Dictionary of Homonyms of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 14
Nevruz 1991 · Karachay-Balkar–Turkish Dictionary · meanings 1, 3, 4, 7
Suyunchev and Urusbiev (eds.) 1965 · Russian–Karachay-Balkar Dictionary · meanings 1–7, 9, 11–13, 15
Tenishev and Suyunchev (eds.) 1989 · Karachay-Balkar–Russian Dictionary · meanings 1–6, 9–12

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Degrees and persons

Degrees and persons — boş
Degree	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
base form	boşmaI am empty	boşsayou are empty	boşduhe is empty	boşbuzwe are empty	boşsuzyou all are empty	boşdulathey are empty
comparative — more	boşuraqmaI am emptier	boşuraqsayou are emptier	boşuraqdıhe is emptier	boşuraqbızwe are emptier	boşuraqsızyou all are emptier	boşuraqdılathey are emptier
intensifier — very	bek boşmaI am very empty	bek boşsayou are very empty	bek boşduhe is very empty	bek boşbuzwe are very empty	bek boşsuzyou all are very empty	bek boşdulathey are very empty
superlative — most	em boşmaI am the emptiest	em boşsayou are the emptiest	em boşduhe is the emptiest	em boşbuzwe are the emptiest	em boşsuzyou all are the emptiest	em boşdulathey are the emptiest

To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden boşdu — "compared to me, he is empty."

Saying it about mine, yours, theirs

One thing

One thing — boş
Degree	menikimine	senikiyours	anıqıhis / hers	biznikiours	siznikiyours (pl.)	alanıqıtheirs
base form	meniki boşdumine is empty	seniki boşduyours is empty	anıqı boşduhis is empty	bizniki boşduours is empty	sizniki boşduyours (pl.) is empty	alanıqı boşdutheirs is empty
comparative — more	meniki boşuraqdımine is emptier	seniki boşuraqdıyours is emptier	anıqı boşuraqdıhis is emptier	bizniki boşuraqdıours is emptier	sizniki boşuraqdıyours (pl.) is emptier	alanıqı boşuraqdıtheirs is emptier
intensifier — very	meniki bek boşdumine is very empty	seniki bek boşduyours is very empty	anıqı bek boşduhis is very empty	bizniki bek boşduours is very empty	sizniki bek boşduyours (pl.) is very empty	alanıqı bek boşdutheirs is very empty
superlative — most	meniki em boşdumine is the emptiest	seniki em boşduyours is the emptiest	anıqı em boşduhis is the emptiest	bizniki em boşduours is the emptiest	sizniki em boşduyours (pl.) is the emptiest	alanıqı em boşdutheirs is the emptiest

Several things

Several things — boş
Degree	menikilemine	senikileyours	anıqılahis / hers	biznikileours	siznikileyours (pl.)	alanıqılatheirs
base form	menikile boşdulamine are empty	senikile boşdulayours are empty	anıqıla boşdulahis are empty	biznikile boşdulaours are empty	siznikile boşdulayours (pl.) are empty	alanıqıla boşdulatheirs are empty
comparative — more	menikile boşuraqdılamine are emptier	senikile boşuraqdılayours are emptier	anıqıla boşuraqdılahis are emptier	biznikile boşuraqdılaours are emptier	siznikile boşuraqdılayours (pl.) are emptier	alanıqıla boşuraqdılatheirs are emptier
intensifier — very	menikile bek boşdulamine are very empty	senikile bek boşdulayours are very empty	anıqıla bek boşdulahis are very empty	biznikile bek boşdulaours are very empty	siznikile bek boşdulayours (pl.) are very empty	alanıqıla bek boşdulatheirs are very empty
superlative — most	menikile em boşdulamine are the emptiest	senikile em boşdulayours are the emptiest	anıqıla em boşdulahis are the emptiest	biznikile em boşdulaours are the emptiest	siznikile em boşdulayours (pl.) are the emptiest	alanıqıla em boşdulatheirs are the emptiest

Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu boşdu, bıla boşdula. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".