biy
/bij/ · plural biyle
1. prince, lord, nobleman, bey — A hereditary title of the old Karachay-Balkar nobility, who owned land and livestock before 1917. Before another noun it means princely or noble, as in biy tuqum "princely family" and biy qız "princess". It also translates foreign titles such as bey, pan and sharif.
- taw biyle — the mountain princes
- biy tuqum — a princely family
- biy qız — a princess
- biy jerle — princely lands
- biyleni zamanı — the time of the princes
- taw biyle bay bolğandıla — the mountain princes were rich
- biy tuqumdan çıqğan jaş — a young man come of a princely family
- biy halqğa söz aytdı — the prince addressed the people
2. master, ruler; rich man, exploiter
- biyge iynanma — don't trust the rich man
- biy jalçısına haq bermedi — the master didn't pay his hired hand
3. king, lord (the strongest or most feared one of a group) — For example, janıwarlanı biyleri "the king of beasts".
- janıwarlanı biyleri — the king of beasts
- aslan janıwarlanı biyidi — the lion is the king of beasts
4. queen bee — Before another noun: biy orun "queen cell".
- biy orun — a queen cell
- biyli çibin bal eter — a bee colony that has its queen will make honey
- bir batmanda eki biy bolmaz — one hive will not have two queen bees
- biy çibin uyaçıqda turadı — the queen bee stays in the cell
- biy çibinsiz bal bolmaz — without a queen bee there will be no honey
Expressions
- biy bla qul ayırılğan — emancipation of the serfs
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | biythe prince | biyimmy prince | biyiŋyour prince | biyihis prince | biyibizour prince | biyigizyou all's prince | biyleritheir princes |
| Genitive | biynithe prince's | biyimimy prince's | biyiŋiyour prince's | biyinihis prince's | biyibizniour prince's | biyigizniyou all's prince's | biylerinitheir princes' |
| Accusative | biynithe prince (as the object) | biyimimy prince (as the object) | biyiŋiyour prince (as the object) | biyinhis prince (as the object) | biyibizniour prince (as the object) | biyigizniyou all's prince (as the object) | biylerintheir princes (as the object) |
| Dative | biygeto the prince | biyimeto my prince | biyiŋeto your prince | biyineto his prince | biyibizgeto our prince | biyigizgeto you all's prince | biylerineto their princes |
| Locative | biydein / at the prince | biyimdein / at my prince | biyiŋdein / at your prince | biyindein / at his prince | biyibizdein / at our prince | biyigizdein / at you all's prince | biylerindein / at their princes |
| Ablative | biydenfrom the prince | biyimdenfrom my prince | biyiŋdenfrom your prince | biyindenfrom his prince | biyibizdenfrom our prince | biyigizdenfrom you all's prince | biylerindenfrom their princes |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | biylethe princes | biylerimmy princes | biyleriŋyour princes | biylerihis princes | biyleribizour princes | biylerigizyou all's princes | biyleritheir princes |
| Genitive | biylenithe princes' | biylerimimy princes' | biyleriŋiyour princes' | biylerinihis princes' | biyleribizniour princes' | biylerigizniyou all's princes' | biylerinitheir princes' |
| Accusative | biylenithe princes (as the object) | biylerimimy princes (as the object) | biyleriŋiyour princes (as the object) | biylerinhis princes (as the object) | biyleribizniour princes (as the object) | biylerigizniyou all's princes (as the object) | biylerintheir princes (as the object) |
| Dative | biylegeto the princes | biylerimeto my princes | biyleriŋeto your princes | biylerineto his princes | biyleribizgeto our princes | biylerigizgeto you all's princes | biylerineto their princes |
| Locative | biyledein / at the princes | biylerimdein / at my princes | biyleriŋdein / at your princes | biylerindein / at his princes | biyleribizdein / at our princes | biylerigizdein / at you all's princes | biylerindein / at their princes |
| Ablative | biyledenfrom the princes | biylerimdenfrom my princes | biyleriŋdenfrom your princes | biylerindenfrom his princes | biyleribizdenfrom our princes | biylerigizdenfrom you all's princes | biylerindenfrom their princes |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: biyleri can mean "his / her princes", "their prince", or "their princes" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | biynikithe prince's one | biynikilethe prince's ones | biylenikithe princes' one | biylenikilethe princes' ones |
| Genitive | biynikiniof the prince's one | biynikileniof the prince's ones | biylenikiniof the princes' one | biylenikileniof the princes' ones |
| Accusative | biynikinthe prince's one (as the object) | biynikilenithe prince's ones (as the object) | biylenikinthe princes' one (as the object) | biylenikilenithe princes' ones (as the object) |
| Dative | biynikineto the prince's one | biynikilegeto the prince's ones | biylenikineto the princes' one | biylenikilegeto the princes' ones |
| Locative | biynikindein / at the prince's one | biynikiledein / at the prince's ones | biylenikindein / at the princes' one | biylenikiledein / at the princes' ones |
| Ablative | biynikindenfrom the prince's one | biynikiledenfrom the prince's ones | biylenikindenfrom the princes' one | biylenikiledenfrom the princes' ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.