bayam
/bajam/ · plural bayamla
1. evident, obvious, open, clear, known
- bayam iş — an evident matter
- ol iş bizge bayamdı — that matter is clear to us
- kimge da bayam hapar — news known to everyone
- bayam zatdı — it is an evident thing
- bayam bolurğa — to come to light
- bu hapar elge bayam bolğandı — this news has become known to the village
- bayam eterge — to make public
2. accurate, genuine, reliable
- bayam hapar — a reliable account
- haqdı, bayamdı — it is true, it is genuine
- aythanı bayamdı — what he says is accurate
- işni bayamın bilirge — to learn the truth of the matter
- bayam şağat — a genuine witness
3. probably, perhaps — Used parenthetically to express the speaker's uncertainty.
- bayam, sabiy açdı — perhaps the child is hungry
- bayam, ol bügün kelir — he will probably come today
- bayam ol endi kele bolur — he is probably already on his way
- bayam, kün açıllıq bolmaz — perhaps the weather will not clear up
4. disgrace, shame, dishonor — This meaning is chiefly Karachay.
- bayam senŋe! — shame on you!
- meni bayam etme! — do not disgrace me!
- ol bayamdan qorqadı — he is afraid of disgrace
As an adjective
Degrees
| Degree | —form |
|---|---|
| base form | bayamevident |
| comparative — more | bayamıraqmore evident |
| intensifier — very | bek bayamvery evident |
| superlative — most | em bayamthe most evident |
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki bayamdımine is evident | seniki bayamdıyours is evident | anıqı bayamdıhis is evident | bizniki bayamdıours is evident | sizniki bayamdıyours (pl.) is evident | alanıqı bayamdıtheirs is evident |
| comparative — more | meniki bayamıraqdımine is more evident | seniki bayamıraqdıyours is more evident | anıqı bayamıraqdıhis is more evident | bizniki bayamıraqdıours is more evident | sizniki bayamıraqdıyours (pl.) is more evident | alanıqı bayamıraqdıtheirs is more evident |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek bayamdımine is very evident | seniki bek bayamdıyours is very evident | anıqı bek bayamdıhis is very evident | bizniki bek bayamdıours is very evident | sizniki bek bayamdıyours (pl.) is very evident | alanıqı bek bayamdıtheirs is very evident |
| superlative — most | meniki em bayamdımine is the most evident | seniki em bayamdıyours is the most evident | anıqı em bayamdıhis is the most evident | bizniki em bayamdıours is the most evident | sizniki em bayamdıyours (pl.) is the most evident | alanıqı em bayamdıtheirs is the most evident |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile bayamdılamine are evident | senikile bayamdılayours are evident | anıqıla bayamdılahis are evident | biznikile bayamdılaours are evident | siznikile bayamdılayours (pl.) are evident | alanıqıla bayamdılatheirs are evident |
| comparative — more | menikile bayamıraqdılamine are more evident | senikile bayamıraqdılayours are more evident | anıqıla bayamıraqdılahis are more evident | biznikile bayamıraqdılaours are more evident | siznikile bayamıraqdılayours (pl.) are more evident | alanıqıla bayamıraqdılatheirs are more evident |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek bayamdılamine are very evident | senikile bek bayamdılayours are very evident | anıqıla bek bayamdılahis are very evident | biznikile bek bayamdılaours are very evident | siznikile bek bayamdılayours (pl.) are very evident | alanıqıla bek bayamdılatheirs are very evident |
| superlative — most | menikile em bayamdılamine are the most evident | senikile em bayamdılayours are the most evident | anıqıla em bayamdılahis are the most evident | biznikile em bayamdılaours are the most evident | siznikile em bayamdılayours (pl.) are the most evident | alanıqıla em bayamdılatheirs are the most evident |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu bayamdı, bıla bayamdıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | bayamthe disgrace | bayamımmy disgrace | bayamıŋyour disgrace | bayamıhis disgrace | bayamıbızour disgrace | bayamığızyou all's disgrace | bayamlarıtheir disgraces |
| Genitive | bayamnıthe disgrace's | bayamımımy disgrace's | bayamıŋıyour disgrace's | bayamınıhis disgrace's | bayamıbıznıour disgrace's | bayamığıznıyou all's disgrace's | bayamlarınıtheir disgraces' |
| Accusative | bayamnıthe disgrace (as the object) | bayamımımy disgrace (as the object) | bayamıŋıyour disgrace (as the object) | bayamınhis disgrace (as the object) | bayamıbıznıour disgrace (as the object) | bayamığıznıyou all's disgrace (as the object) | bayamlarıntheir disgraces (as the object) |
| Dative | bayamğato the disgrace | bayamımato my disgrace | bayamıŋato your disgrace | bayamınato his disgrace | bayamıbızğato our disgrace | bayamığızğato you all's disgrace | bayamlarınato their disgraces |
| Locative | bayamdain / at the disgrace | bayamımdain / at my disgrace | bayamıŋdain / at your disgrace | bayamındain / at his disgrace | bayamıbızdain / at our disgrace | bayamığızdain / at you all's disgrace | bayamlarındain / at their disgraces |
| Ablative | bayamdanfrom the disgrace | bayamımdanfrom my disgrace | bayamıŋdanfrom your disgrace | bayamındanfrom his disgrace | bayamıbızdanfrom our disgrace | bayamığızdanfrom you all's disgrace | bayamlarındanfrom their disgraces |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | bayamlathe disgraces | bayamlarımmy disgraces | bayamlarıŋyour disgraces | bayamlarıhis disgraces | bayamlarıbızour disgraces | bayamlarığızyou all's disgraces | bayamlarıtheir disgraces |
| Genitive | bayamlanıthe disgraces' | bayamlarımımy disgraces' | bayamlarıŋıyour disgraces' | bayamlarınıhis disgraces' | bayamlarıbıznıour disgraces' | bayamlarığıznıyou all's disgraces' | bayamlarınıtheir disgraces' |
| Accusative | bayamlanıthe disgraces (as the object) | bayamlarımımy disgraces (as the object) | bayamlarıŋıyour disgraces (as the object) | bayamlarınhis disgraces (as the object) | bayamlarıbıznıour disgraces (as the object) | bayamlarığıznıyou all's disgraces (as the object) | bayamlarıntheir disgraces (as the object) |
| Dative | bayamlağato the disgraces | bayamlarımato my disgraces | bayamlarıŋato your disgraces | bayamlarınato his disgraces | bayamlarıbızğato our disgraces | bayamlarığızğato you all's disgraces | bayamlarınato their disgraces |
| Locative | bayamladain / at the disgraces | bayamlarımdain / at my disgraces | bayamlarıŋdain / at your disgraces | bayamlarındain / at his disgraces | bayamlarıbızdain / at our disgraces | bayamlarığızdain / at you all's disgraces | bayamlarındain / at their disgraces |
| Ablative | bayamladanfrom the disgraces | bayamlarımdanfrom my disgraces | bayamlarıŋdanfrom your disgraces | bayamlarındanfrom his disgraces | bayamlarıbızdanfrom our disgraces | bayamlarığızdanfrom you all's disgraces | bayamlarındanfrom their disgraces |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: bayamları can mean "his / her disgraces", "their disgrace", or "their disgraces" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.