bay
/baj/ · plural bayla
1. rich, wealthy, well-to-do
- bay adam — a wealthy man
- bay üy — a well-to-do household
- bay qıral — a rich country
- bay üydegi — a rich family
- bay bolurğa — to grow rich
2. rich man, wealthy man, bay — In writing about the old order it names a member of the landowning class, often disapprovingly.
- bay bla jarlı — the rich man and the poor man
- bay bayğa bağar — the rich man is drawn to the rich man
- bay jarlığa qayğırmaz — the rich man does not care about the poor man
- bay jutluğun qoymaz — the rich man does not give up his greed
- bay jarlığa qarnaş bolmaz — the rich man will not become a brother to the poor man
- eski baylanı üyleri — the houses of the rich men of old
- bayğa qulluq eterge — to serve a rich man
3. abundant, plentiful
- bay tirlik — an abundant harvest
- bay sabanla — bountiful fields
- aşlıqğa bay jerle — lands rich in grain
- bıyıl tirlik bay boldu — this year the harvest was abundant
- bay jaylıqla kördük — we saw abundant summer pastures
4. rich in content, meaningful — Said of things valued for what they hold, such as a language, a book, or work experience.
- bay til — a rich language
- bay iş sınam — rich work experience
- bizni tilibiz baydı — our language is rich
- bay adabiyat — a rich literature
5. varied, diverse
- bay naqışla — diverse patterns
- küyüzde bay naqışla — varied patterns on a rug
- kiyimni naqışları bay — the garment's patterns are varied
6. prosperously, in material comfort
- bay jaşarğa — to live prosperously
- ala bay jaşaydıla — they live prosperously
- bay jaşağanla — those who lived prosperously
7. master, lord — A historical term for the head of a household or estate and the people under him.
- baynı üyü — the master's house
- bay bla qul — the master and the slave
- bayına qulluq etdi — he served his master
Expressions
- çirik bay — filthy rich
- baydan beli iyilmegen — wealthy person
As an adjective
Degrees and persons
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | baymaI am rich | baysayou are rich | baydıhe is rich | baybızwe are rich | baysızyou all are rich | baydılathey are rich |
| comparative — more | bayıraqmaI am richer | bayıraqsayou are richer | bayıraqdıhe is richer | bayıraqbızwe are richer | bayıraqsızyou all are richer | bayıraqdılathey are richer |
| intensifier — very | bek baymaI am very rich | bek baysayou are very rich | bek baydıhe is very rich | bek baybızwe are very rich | bek baysızyou all are very rich | bek baydılathey are very rich |
| superlative — most | em baymaI am the richest | em baysayou are the richest | em baydıhe is the richest | em baybızwe are the richest | em baysızyou all are the richest | em baydılathey are the richest |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden baydı — "compared to me, he is rich."
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki baydımine is rich | seniki baydıyours is rich | anıqı baydıhis is rich | bizniki baydıours is rich | sizniki baydıyours (pl.) is rich | alanıqı baydıtheirs is rich |
| comparative — more | meniki bayıraqdımine is richer | seniki bayıraqdıyours is richer | anıqı bayıraqdıhis is richer | bizniki bayıraqdıours is richer | sizniki bayıraqdıyours (pl.) is richer | alanıqı bayıraqdıtheirs is richer |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek baydımine is very rich | seniki bek baydıyours is very rich | anıqı bek baydıhis is very rich | bizniki bek baydıours is very rich | sizniki bek baydıyours (pl.) is very rich | alanıqı bek baydıtheirs is very rich |
| superlative — most | meniki em baydımine is the richest | seniki em baydıyours is the richest | anıqı em baydıhis is the richest | bizniki em baydıours is the richest | sizniki em baydıyours (pl.) is the richest | alanıqı em baydıtheirs is the richest |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile baydılamine are rich | senikile baydılayours are rich | anıqıla baydılahis are rich | biznikile baydılaours are rich | siznikile baydılayours (pl.) are rich | alanıqıla baydılatheirs are rich |
| comparative — more | menikile bayıraqdılamine are richer | senikile bayıraqdılayours are richer | anıqıla bayıraqdılahis are richer | biznikile bayıraqdılaours are richer | siznikile bayıraqdılayours (pl.) are richer | alanıqıla bayıraqdılatheirs are richer |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek baydılamine are very rich | senikile bek baydılayours are very rich | anıqıla bek baydılahis are very rich | biznikile bek baydılaours are very rich | siznikile bek baydılayours (pl.) are very rich | alanıqıla bek baydılatheirs are very rich |
| superlative — most | menikile em baydılamine are the richest | senikile em baydılayours are the richest | anıqıla em baydılahis are the richest | biznikile em baydılaours are the richest | siznikile em baydılayours (pl.) are the richest | alanıqıla em baydılatheirs are the richest |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu baydı, bıla baydıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | baythe rich man | bayımmy rich man | bayıŋyour rich man | bayıhis rich man | bayıbızour rich man | bayığızyou all's rich man | baylarıtheir rich men |
| Genitive | baynıthe rich man's | bayımımy rich man's | bayıŋıyour rich man's | bayınıhis rich man's | bayıbıznıour rich man's | bayığıznıyou all's rich man's | baylarınıtheir rich men's |
| Accusative | baynıthe rich man (as the object) | bayımımy rich man (as the object) | bayıŋıyour rich man (as the object) | bayınhis rich man (as the object) | bayıbıznıour rich man (as the object) | bayığıznıyou all's rich man (as the object) | baylarıntheir rich men (as the object) |
| Dative | bayğato the rich man | bayımato my rich man | bayıŋato your rich man | bayınato his rich man | bayıbızğato our rich man | bayığızğato you all's rich man | baylarınato their rich men |
| Locative | baydain / at the rich man | bayımdain / at my rich man | bayıŋdain / at your rich man | bayındain / at his rich man | bayıbızdain / at our rich man | bayığızdain / at you all's rich man | baylarındain / at their rich men |
| Ablative | baydanfrom the rich man | bayımdanfrom my rich man | bayıŋdanfrom your rich man | bayındanfrom his rich man | bayıbızdanfrom our rich man | bayığızdanfrom you all's rich man | baylarındanfrom their rich men |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | baylathe rich men | baylarımmy rich men | baylarıŋyour rich men | baylarıhis rich men | baylarıbızour rich men | baylarığızyou all's rich men | baylarıtheir rich men |
| Genitive | baylanıthe rich men's | baylarımımy rich men's | baylarıŋıyour rich men's | baylarınıhis rich men's | baylarıbıznıour rich men's | baylarığıznıyou all's rich men's | baylarınıtheir rich men's |
| Accusative | baylanıthe rich men (as the object) | baylarımımy rich men (as the object) | baylarıŋıyour rich men (as the object) | baylarınhis rich men (as the object) | baylarıbıznıour rich men (as the object) | baylarığıznıyou all's rich men (as the object) | baylarıntheir rich men (as the object) |
| Dative | baylağato the rich men | baylarımato my rich men | baylarıŋato your rich men | baylarınato his rich men | baylarıbızğato our rich men | baylarığızğato you all's rich men | baylarınato their rich men |
| Locative | bayladain / at the rich men | baylarımdain / at my rich men | baylarıŋdain / at your rich men | baylarındain / at his rich men | baylarıbızdain / at our rich men | baylarığızdain / at you all's rich men | baylarındain / at their rich men |
| Ablative | bayladanfrom the rich men | baylarımdanfrom my rich men | baylarıŋdanfrom your rich men | baylarındanfrom his rich men | baylarıbızdanfrom our rich men | baylarığızdanfrom you all's rich men | baylarındanfrom their rich men |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: bayları can mean "his / her rich men", "their rich man", or "their rich men" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | baynıqıthe rich man's one | baynıqılathe rich man's ones | baylanıqıthe rich men's one | baylanıqılathe rich men's ones |
| Genitive | baynıqınıof the rich man's one | baynıqılanıof the rich man's ones | baylanıqınıof the rich men's one | baylanıqılanıof the rich men's ones |
| Accusative | baynıqınthe rich man's one (as the object) | baynıqılanıthe rich man's ones (as the object) | baylanıqınthe rich men's one (as the object) | baylanıqılanıthe rich men's ones (as the object) |
| Dative | baynıqınato the rich man's one | baynıqılağato the rich man's ones | baylanıqınato the rich men's one | baylanıqılağato the rich men's ones |
| Locative | baynıqındain / at the rich man's one | baynıqıladain / at the rich man's ones | baylanıqındain / at the rich men's one | baylanıqıladain / at the rich men's ones |
| Ablative | baynıqındanfrom the rich man's one | baynıqıladanfrom the rich man's ones | baylanıqındanfrom the rich men's one | baylanıqıladanfrom the rich men's ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.