ayarğa
/ajarʁa/
1. spare, have mercy on, take pity on
- anası anı ayaydı — his mother takes pity on him
- sen meni çırt ayamaysa — you do not spare me at all
- biribizni da ayarıq tüldü — he will not spare any of us
- jawnu ayamazğa — not to spare the enemy
- kesiŋi ayarğa — to spare yourself
2. grudge, be sparing with, be reluctant to give — Commonly used in the negative.
- ol juqnu ayamaydı — he grudges nothing
- senden bir zatıbıznı da ayamaybız — we grudge you not a single thing of ours
- küçüŋü ayamazğa — not to grudge your strength
- ariw söznü ayamazğa — not to grudge kind words
- at ayağan bet tabmaz — one who grudges his horse will find no honor
3. economize, use sparingly, save
- ol kiyimin ayaydı — he uses his clothes sparingly
- açhanı ayarğa — to save money
- açhanı ayab joy — spend money sparingly
- ayab joyarğa — to spend sparingly
- artha ayab turadı — he saves for a rainy day
- oqların ayab-ayab jibere edi — he was firing his bullets very sparingly
4. protect, safeguard, take care of
- sen saq bol, kesiŋi aya — be careful, take care of yourself
- kesiŋi sawluğuŋu ayarğa — to take care of your health
- sabiyleni ayarğa kerekdi — the children must be protected
- biz jeribizni ayadıq — we safeguarded our land
5. value, treasure — Most often said of one's time.
- ol zamanın ayaydı — he values his time
- zamanıŋı ayarğa — to value your time
- zamanıŋı aya — value your time
- kesiŋi zamanıŋı ayarğa — to value your time
Expressions
- janın-qanın ayamağan — fearless, brave
- at ayağan bet tapmaydı — stinginess brings dishonor
- janın ayamazğa — risk one's life
- janın-qanın ayamazğa — risk one's life
Conjugation
Common forms
- ayaydıhe is sparing
- ayadıhe spared
- ayağandıhe has spared
- ayarhe will spare
- ayarıqdıhe is going to spare
- ayay edihe was sparing
- ayasaif he spares
- aya!spare!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayaymaI am sparing | senayaysayou are sparing | olayaydıhe is sparing | bizayaybızwe are sparing | sizayaysızyou all are sparing | alaayaydılathey are sparing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayamaymaI am not sparing | senayamaysayou are not sparing | olayamaydıhe is not sparing | bizayamaybızwe are not sparing | sizayamaysızyou all are not sparing | alaayamaydılathey are not sparing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayaymamı? ayaymıma?am I sparing? | senayaymısa?are you sparing? | olayaymıdı?is he sparing? | bizayaybızmı? ayaymıbız?are we sparing? | sizayaymısız?are you all sparing? | alaayaymıdıla?are they sparing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menayamaymamı? ayamaymıma?aren't I sparing? | senayamaymısa?aren't you sparing? | olayamaymıdı?isn't he sparing? | bizayamaybızmı? ayamaymıbız?aren't we sparing? | sizayamaymısız?aren't you all sparing? | alaayamaymıdıla?aren't they sparing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayawçanmaI usually spare | senayawçansayou usually spare | olayawçandıhe usually spares | bizayawçanbızwe usually spare | sizayawçansızyou all usually spare | alaayawçandılathey usually spare |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayamawçanmaI usually don't spare | senayamawçansayou usually don't spare | olayamawçandıhe usually doesn't spare | bizayamawçanbızwe usually don't spare | sizayamawçansızyou all usually don't spare | alaayamawçandılathey usually don't spare |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayawçanmamı? ayawçanmıma?do I usually spare? | senayawçanmısa?do you usually spare? | olayawçanmıdı?does he usually spare? | bizayawçanbızmı? ayawçanmıbız?do we usually spare? | sizayawçanmısız?do you all usually spare? | alaayawçanmıdıla?do they usually spare? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menayamawçanmamı? ayamawçanmıma?do I usually not spare? | senayamawçanmısa?do you usually not spare? | olayamawçanmıdı?does he usually not spare? | bizayamawçanbızmı? ayamawçanmıbız?do we usually not spare? | sizayamawçanmısız?do you all usually not spare? | alaayamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not spare? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olayabdıhe has spared and remains so | alaayabdılathey have spared and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olayabmıdı?has he spared? | alaayabmıdıla?have they spared? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayab turamaI keep sparing | senayab turasayou keep sparing | olayab turadıhe keeps sparing | bizayab turabızwe keep sparing | sizayab turasızyou all keep sparing | alaayab turadılathey keep sparing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayab turmaymaI don't keep sparing | senayab turmaysayou don't keep sparing | olayab turmaydıhe doesn't keep sparing | bizayab turmaybızwe don't keep sparing | sizayab turmaysızyou all don't keep sparing | alaayab turmaydılathey don't keep sparing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayab turamamı? ayab turamıma?do I keep sparing? | senayab turamısa?do you keep sparing? | olayab turamıdı?does he keep sparing? | bizayab turabızmı? ayab turamıbız?do we keep sparing? | sizayab turamısız?do you all keep sparing? | alaayab turamıdıla?do they keep sparing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menayab turmaymamı? ayab turmaymıma?don't I keep sparing? | senayab turmaymısa?don't you keep sparing? | olayab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sparing? | bizayab turmaybızmı? ayab turmaymıbız?don't we keep sparing? | sizayab turmaymısız?don't you all keep sparing? | alaayab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sparing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayay turamaI am in the middle of sparing | senayay turasayou are in the middle of sparing | olayay turadıhe is in the middle of sparing | bizayay turabızwe are in the middle of sparing | sizayay turasızyou all are in the middle of sparing | alaayay turadılathey are in the middle of sparing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayay turmaymaI am not in the middle of sparing | senayay turmaysayou are not in the middle of sparing | olayay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sparing | bizayay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sparing | sizayay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sparing | alaayay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sparing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayay turamamı? ayay turamıma?am I in the middle of sparing? | senayay turamısa?are you in the middle of sparing? | olayay turamıdı?is he in the middle of sparing? | bizayay turabızmı? ayay turamıbız?are we in the middle of sparing? | sizayay turamısız?are you all in the middle of sparing? | alaayay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sparing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menayay turmaymamı? ayay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sparing? | senayay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sparing? | olayay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sparing? | bizayay turmaybızmı? ayay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sparing? | sizayay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sparing? | alaayay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sparing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menayadımI spared | senayadıŋyou spared | olayadıhe spared | bizayadıqwe spared | sizayadığızyou all spared | alaayadılathey spared |
| Simple past (definite) | menayamadımI didn't spare | senayamadıŋyou didn't spare | olayamadıhe didn't spare | bizayamadıqwe didn't spare | sizayamadığızyou all didn't spare | alaayamadılathey didn't spare |
| Simple past (definite) | menayadımmı?did I spare? | senayadıŋmı?did you spare? | olayadımı?did he spare? | bizayadıqmı?did we spare? | sizayadığızmı?did you all spare? | alaayadılamı?did they spare? |
| Simple past (definite) | menayamadımmı?didn't I spare? | senayamadıŋmı?didn't you spare? | olayamadımı?didn't he spare? | bizayamadıqmı?didn't we spare? | sizayamadığızmı?didn't you all spare? | alaayamadılamı?didn't they spare? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayağanmaI have spared | senayağansayou have spared | olayağandıhe has spared | bizayağanbızwe have spared | sizayağansızyou all have spared | alaayağandılathey have spared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayamağanmaI haven't spared | senayamağansayou haven't spared | olayamağandıhe hasn't spared | bizayamağanbızwe haven't spared | sizayamağansızyou all haven't spared | alaayamağandılathey haven't spared |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayağanmamı? ayağanmıma?have I spared? | senayağanmısa?have you spared? | olayağanmıdı?has he spared? | bizayağanbızmı? ayağanmıbız?have we spared? | sizayağanmısız?have you all spared? | alaayağanmıdıla?have they spared? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menayamağanmamı? ayamağanmıma?haven't I spared? | senayamağanmısa?haven't you spared? | olayamağanmıdı?hasn't he spared? | bizayamağanbızmı? ayamağanmıbız?haven't we spared? | sizayamağanmısız?haven't you all spared? | alaayamağanmıdıla?haven't they spared? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menayab turdumI kept sparing | senayab turduŋyou kept sparing | olayab turduhe kept sparing | bizayab turduqwe kept sparing | sizayab turduğuzyou all kept sparing | alaayab turdulathey kept sparing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menayab turmadımI didn't keep sparing | senayab turmadıŋyou didn't keep sparing | olayab turmadıhe didn't keep sparing | bizayab turmadıqwe didn't keep sparing | sizayab turmadığızyou all didn't keep sparing | alaayab turmadılathey didn't keep sparing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayarmaI will spare | senayarsayou will spare | olayarhe will spare | bizayarbızwe will spare | sizayarsızyou all will spare | alaayarlathey will spare |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayamazmaI won't spare | senayamazsayou won't spare | olayamazhe won't spare | bizayamazbızwe won't spare | sizayamazsızyou all won't spare | alaayamazlathey won't spare |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayarmamı? ayarmıma?will I spare? | senayarmısa?will you spare? | olayarmı?will he spare? | bizayarbızmı? ayarmıbız?will we spare? | sizayarmısız?will you all spare? | alaayarlamı? ayarmıla?will they spare? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menayamazmamı? ayamazmıma?won't I spare? | senayamazmısa?won't you spare? | olayamazmı?won't he spare? | bizayamazbızmı? ayamazmıbız?won't we spare? | sizayamazmısız?won't you all spare? | alaayamazlamı? ayamazmıla?won't they spare? |
| Definite future (future II) | menayarıqmaI am going to spare | senayarıqsayou are going to spare | olayarıqdıhe is going to spare | bizayarıqbızwe are going to spare | sizayarıqsızyou all are going to spare | alaayarıqdılathey are going to spare |
| Definite future (future II) | menayarıq tülmeI am not going to spare | senayarıq tülseyou are not going to spare | olayarıq tüldühe is not going to spare | bizayarıq tülbüzwe are not going to spare | sizayarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to spare | alaayarıq tüldülethey are not going to spare |
| Definite future (future II) | menayarıqmamı? ayarıqmıma?am I going to spare? | senayarıqmısa?are you going to spare? | olayarıqmıdı?is he going to spare? | bizayarıqbızmı? ayarıqmıbız?are we going to spare? | sizayarıqmısız?are you all going to spare? | alaayarıqmıdıla?are they going to spare? |
| Definite future (future II) | menayarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to spare? | senayarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to spare? | olayarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to spare? | bizayarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to spare? | sizayarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spare? | alaayarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spare? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menayağan edimayağanemI had spared | senayağan ediŋayağaneŋyou had spared | olayağan ediayağanedhe had spared | bizayağan edikayağanekwe had spared | sizayağan edigizayağanegizyou all had spared | alaayağan edileayağanellethey had spared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menayamağan edimayamağanemI hadn't spared | senayamağan ediŋayamağaneŋyou hadn't spared | olayamağan ediayamağanedhe hadn't spared | bizayamağan edikayamağanekwe hadn't spared | sizayamağan edigizayamağanegizyou all hadn't spared | alaayamağan edileayamağanellethey hadn't spared |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menayay edimayayemI was sparing | senayay ediŋayayeŋyou were sparing | olayay ediayayedhe was sparing | bizayay edikayayekwe were sparing | sizayay edigizayayegizyou all were sparing | alaayay edileayayellethey were sparing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menayamay edimayamayemI wasn't sparing | senayamay ediŋayamayeŋyou weren't sparing | olayamay ediayamayedhe wasn't sparing | bizayamay edikayamayekwe weren't sparing | sizayamay edigizayamayegizyou all weren't sparing | alaayamay edileayamayellethey weren't sparing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menayawçan edimayawçanemI used to spare | senayawçan ediŋayawçaneŋyou used to spare | olayawçan ediayawçanedhe used to spare | bizayawçan edikayawçanekwe used to spare | sizayawçan edigizayawçanegizyou all used to spare | alaayawçan edileayawçanellethey used to spare |
| Habitual past (used to) | menayamawçan edimayamawçanemI didn't use to spare | senayamawçan ediŋayamawçaneŋyou didn't use to spare | olayamawçan ediayamawçanedhe didn't use to spare | bizayamawçan edikayamawçanekwe didn't use to spare | sizayamawçan edigizayamawçanegizyou all didn't use to spare | alaayamawçan edileayamawçanellethey didn't use to spare |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olayab edihe had spared and remained so | alaayab edilethey had spared and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olayab tül edihe hadn't spared | alaayab tül edilethey hadn't spared | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menayab tura edimayab turaemI had kept sparing | senayab tura ediŋayab turaeŋyou had kept sparing | olayab tura ediayab turaedhe had kept sparing | bizayab tura edikayab turaekwe had kept sparing | sizayab tura edigizayab turaegizyou all had kept sparing | alaayab tura edileayab turaellethey had kept sparing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menayab turmay edimayab turmayemI hadn't kept sparing | senayab turmay ediŋayab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sparing | olayab turmay ediayab turmayedhe hadn't kept sparing | bizayab turmay edikayab turmayekwe hadn't kept sparing | sizayab turmay edigizayab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sparing | alaayab turmay edileayab turmayellethey hadn't kept sparing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayay tura edimayay turaemI was in the middle of sparing | senayay tura ediŋayay turaeŋyou were in the middle of sparing | olayay tura ediayay turaedhe was in the middle of sparing | bizayay tura edikayay turaekwe were in the middle of sparing | sizayay tura edigizayay turaegizyou all were in the middle of sparing | alaayay tura edileayay turaellethey were in the middle of sparing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menayay turmay edimayay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sparing | senayay turmay ediŋayay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sparing | olayay turmay ediayay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sparing | bizayay turmay edikayay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sparing | sizayay turmay edigizayay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sparing | alaayay turmay edileayay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sparing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menayar edimayar emI would spare | senayar ediŋayar eŋyou would spare | olayar ediayar edhe would spare | bizayar edikayar ekwe would spare | sizayar edigizayar egizyou all would spare | alaayar edileayar ellethey would spare |
| Conditional result (would) | menayamaz edimayamaz emI wouldn't spare | senayamaz ediŋayamaz eŋyou wouldn't spare | olayamaz ediayamaz edhe wouldn't spare | bizayamaz edikayamaz ekwe wouldn't spare | sizayamaz edigizayamaz egizyou all wouldn't spare | alaayamaz edileayamaz ellethey wouldn't spare |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menayarıq edimayarıq emI would have spared | senayarıq ediŋayarıq eŋyou would have spared | olayarıq ediayarıq edhe would have spared | bizayarıq edikayarıq ekwe would have spared | sizayarıq edigizayarıq egizyou all would have spared | alaayarıq edileayarıq ellethey would have spared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menayarıq tül edimayarıq tül emI wouldn't have spared | senayarıq tül ediŋayarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have spared | olayarıq tül ediayarıq tül edhe wouldn't have spared | bizayarıq tül edikayarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have spared | sizayarıq tül edigizayarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have spared | alaayarıq tül edileayarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have spared |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menayasamif I spare | senayasaŋif you spare | olayasaif he spares | bizayasaqif we spare | sizayasağızif you all spare | alaayasalaif they spare |
| Conditional | menayamasamif I don't spare | senayamasaŋif you don't spare | olayamasaif he doesn't spare | bizayamasaqif we don't spare | sizayamasağızif you all don't spare | alaayamasalaif they don't spare |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menayay esemif I am sparing | senayay eseŋif you are sparing | olayay eseif he is sparing | bizayay esekif we are sparing | sizayay esegizif you all are sparing | alaayay eseleif they are sparing |
| Conditional, present real | menayamay esemif I am not sparing | senayamay eseŋif you are not sparing | olayamay eseif he is not sparing | bizayamay esekif we are not sparing | sizayamay esegizif you all are not sparing | alaayamay eseleif they are not sparing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menayasam ediayasam edif only I spared | senayasaŋ ediayasaŋ edif only you spared | olayasa ediayasaedif only he spared | bizayasaq ediayasaq edif only we spared | sizayasağız ediayasağız edif only you all spared | alaayasala ediayasalaedif only they spared |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menayamasam ediayamasam edif only I didn't spare | senayamasaŋ ediayamasaŋ edif only you didn't spare | olayamasa ediayamasaedif only he didn't spare | bizayamasaq ediayamasaq edif only we didn't spare | sizayamasağız ediayamasağız edif only you all didn't spare | alaayamasala ediayamasalaedif only they didn't spare |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menayab tursamif I carry on sparing | senayab tursaŋif you carry on sparing | olayab tursaif he carries on sparing | bizayab tursaqif we carry on sparing | sizayab tursağızif you all carry on sparing | alaayab tursalaif they carry on sparing |
| Durative conditional | menayab turmasamif I don't carry on sparing | senayab turmasaŋif you don't carry on sparing | olayab turmasaif he doesn't carry on sparing | bizayab turmasaqif we don't carry on sparing | sizayab turmasağızif you all don't carry on sparing | alaayab turmasalaif they don't carry on sparing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menayab tura esemif I have kept sparing | senayab tura eseŋif you have kept sparing | olayab tura eseif he has kept sparing | bizayab tura esekif we have kept sparing | sizayab tura esegizif you all have kept sparing | alaayab tura eseleif they have kept sparing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menayab turmay esemif I haven't kept sparing | senayab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sparing | olayab turmay eseif he hasn't kept sparing | bizayab turmay esekif we haven't kept sparing | sizayab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sparing | alaayab turmay eseleif they haven't kept sparing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menayay tursamif I keep sparing | senayay tursaŋif you keep sparing | olayay tursaif he keeps sparing | bizayay tursaqif we keep sparing | sizayay tursağızif you all keep sparing | alaayay tursalaif they keep sparing |
| Progressive conditional | menayamay tursamif I keep on not sparing | senayamay tursaŋif you keep on not sparing | olayamay tursaif he keeps on not sparing | bizayamay tursaqif we keep on not sparing | sizayamay tursağızif you all keep on not sparing | alaayamay tursalaif they keep on not sparing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menayay tura esemif I am in the middle of sparing | senayay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sparing | olayay tura eseif he is in the middle of sparing | bizayay tura esekif we are in the middle of sparing | sizayay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sparing | alaayay tura eseleif they are in the middle of sparing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menayamay tura esemif I keep on not sparing | senayamay tura eseŋif you keep on not sparing | olayamay tura eseif he keeps on not sparing | bizayamay tura esekif we keep on not sparing | sizayamay tura esegizif you all keep on not sparing | alaayamay tura eseleif they keep on not sparing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menayadım esemif I spared | senayadıŋ eseŋif you spared | olayadı eseif he spared | bizayadıq esekif we spared | sizayadığız esegizif you all spared | alaayadıla eseleif they spared |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menayamadım esemif I didn't spare | senayamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't spare | olayamadı eseif he didn't spare | bizayamadıq esekif we didn't spare | sizayamadığız esegizif you all didn't spare | alaayamadıla eseleif they didn't spare |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menayağan esemif I did spare (indeed) | senayağan eseŋif you did spare (indeed) | olayağan eseif he did spare (indeed) | bizayağan esekif we did spare (indeed) | sizayağan esegizif you all did spare (indeed) | alaayağan eseleif they did spare (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menayamağan esemif I didn't spare (indeed) | senayamağan eseŋif you didn't spare (indeed) | olayamağan eseif he didn't spare (indeed) | bizayamağan esekif we didn't spare (indeed) | sizayamağan esegizif you all didn't spare (indeed) | alaayamağan eseleif they didn't spare (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menayağan bolsamif I had spared | senayağan bolsaŋif you had spared | olayağan bolsaif he had spared | bizayağan bolsaqif we had spared | sizayağan bolsağızif you all had spared | alaayağan bolsalaif they had spared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menayamağan bolsamif I hadn't spared | senayamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't spared | olayamağan bolsaif he hadn't spared | bizayamağan bolsaqif we hadn't spared | sizayamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't spared | alaayamağan bolsalaif they hadn't spared |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menayağan bolsam ediayağan bolsam edif only I had spared | senayağan bolsaŋ ediayağan bolsaŋ edif only you had spared | olayağan bolsa ediayağan bolsaedif only he had spared | bizayağan bolsaq ediayağan bolsaq edif only we had spared | sizayağan bolsağız ediayağan bolsağız edif only you all had spared | alaayağan bolsala ediayağan bolsalaedif only they had spared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menayamağan bolsam ediayamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't spared | senayamağan bolsaŋ ediayamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spared | olayamağan bolsa ediayamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't spared | bizayamağan bolsaq ediayamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't spared | sizayamağan bolsağız ediayamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spared | alaayamağan bolsala ediayamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't spared |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menayar esemif I will spare | senayar eseŋif you will spare | olayar eseif he will spare | bizayar esekif we will spare | sizayar esegizif you all will spare | alaayar eseleif they will spare |
| Conditional, aorist | menayamaz esemif I won't spare | senayamaz eseŋif you won't spare | olayamaz eseif he won't spare | bizayamaz esekif we won't spare | sizayamaz esegizif you all won't spare | alaayamaz eseleif they won't spare |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menayarıq esemif I am going to spare | senayarıq eseŋif you are going to spare | olayarıq eseif he is going to spare | bizayarıq esekif we are going to spare | sizayarıq esegizif you all are going to spare | alaayarıq eseleif they are going to spare |
| Conditional, future | menayarıq tül esemif I am not going to spare | senayarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to spare | olayarıq tül eseif he is not going to spare | bizayarıq tül esekif we are not going to spare | sizayarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to spare | alaayarıq tül eseleif they are not going to spare |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menayarıq bolsamif I were going to spare | senayarıq bolsaŋif you were going to spare | olayarıq bolsaif he were going to spare | bizayarıq bolsaqif we were going to spare | sizayarıq bolsağızif you all were going to spare | alaayarıq bolsalaif they were going to spare |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menayamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to spare | senayamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to spare | olayamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to spare | bizayamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to spare | sizayamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to spare | alaayamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to spare |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ayadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menayay bolurmaI must be sparing | senayay bolursayou must be sparing | olayay bolurhe must be sparing | bizayay bolurbuzwe must be sparing | sizayay bolursuzyou all must be sparing | alaayay bolurlathey must be sparing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menayamay bolurmaI must not be sparing | senayamay bolursayou must not be sparing | olayamay bolurhe must not be sparing | bizayamay bolurbuzwe must not be sparing | sizayamay bolursuzyou all must not be sparing | alaayamay bolurlathey must not be sparing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menayay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sparing | senayay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sparing | olayay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sparing | bizayay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sparing | sizayay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sparing | alaayay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sparing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menayamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not sparing | senayamay tura bolursayou must keep on not sparing | olayamay tura bolurhe must keep on not sparing | bizayamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sparing | sizayamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sparing | alaayamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not sparing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menayağan bolurmaI must have spared | senayağan bolursayou must have spared | olayağan bolurhe must have spared | bizayağan bolurbuzwe must have spared | sizayağan bolursuzyou all must have spared | alaayağan bolurlathey must have spared |
| Inference (must have) | menayamağan bolurmaI must not have spared | senayamağan bolursayou must not have spared | olayamağan bolurhe must not have spared | bizayamağan bolurbuzwe must not have spared | sizayamağan bolursuzyou all must not have spared | alaayamağan bolurlathey must not have spared |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menayarıq bolurmaI must be going to spare | senayarıq bolursayou must be going to spare | olayarıq bolurhe must be going to spare | bizayarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to spare | sizayarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to spare | alaayarıq bolurlathey must be going to spare |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menayamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to spare | senayamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to spare | olayamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to spare | bizayamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to spare | sizayamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to spare | alaayamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to spare |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menayayımlet me spare | senaya!spare! | olayasınlet him spare | bizayayıqlet's spare | sizayağız!spare, you all! | alaayasınlalet them spare |
| Commands & suggestions | menayamayımlet me not spare | senayama!don't spare! | olayamasınlet him not spare | bizayamayıqlet's not spare | sizayamağız!don't spare, you all! | alaayamasınlalet them not spare |
| Commands & suggestions | menayayımmı?shall I spare? | olayasınmı?should he spare? | bizayayıqmı?shall we spare? | alaayasınlamı?should they spare? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menayamayımmı?shall I not spare? | olayamasınmı?should he not spare? | bizayamayıqmı?shall we not spare? | alaayamasınlamı?should they not spare? | ||
| Requests | senayaçı2ayaçınplease spare | olayasınçıdo let him spare | sizayaçığızplease spare (plural/polite) | alaayasınlaçıdo let them spare | ||
| Requests | senayamaçı2ayamaçınplease don't spare | olayamasınçıdo let him not spare | sizayamaçığızplease don't spare (plural/polite) | alaayamasınlaçıdo let them not spare | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senayağınayağımay you spare | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senayamağınayamağımay you not spare | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menayağay edim ayağa edimwould that I spared | senayağay ediŋ ayağa ediŋwould that you spared | olayağay edi ayağa ediwould that he spared | bizayağay edik ayağa edikwould that we spared | sizayağay edigiz ayağa edigizwould that you all spared | alaayağay edile ayağa edilewould that they spared |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menayamağay edim ayamağa edimwould that I did not spare | senayamağay ediŋ ayamağa ediŋwould that you did not spare | olayamağay edi ayamağa ediwould that he did not spare | bizayamağay edik ayamağa edikwould that we did not spare | sizayamağay edigiz ayamağa edigizwould that you all did not spare | alaayamağay edile ayamağa edilewould that they did not spare |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menayamağa qoyayımayama qoyayımlet me allow someone to spare | senayamağa qoy!ayama qoy!let someone spare! | olayamağa qoysunayama qoysunlet him allow someone to spare | bizayamağa qoyayıqayama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spare | sizayamağa qoyuğuz!ayama qoyuğuz!let someone spare, you all! | alaayamağa qoysunlaayama qoysunlalet them allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (commands) | menayamağa qoymayımayama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spare | senayamağa qoyma!ayama qoyma!don't let someone spare! | olayamağa qoymasınayama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spare | bizayamağa qoymayıqayama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spare | sizayamağa qoymağız!ayama qoymağız!don't let someone spare, you all! | alaayamağa qoymasınlaayama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (commands) | menayamağa qoyayımmı?ayama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spare? | olayamağa qoysunmu?ayama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spare? | bizayamağa qoyayıqmı?ayama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spare? | alaayamağa qoysunlamı?ayama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spare? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menayamağa qoymayımmı?ayama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spare? | olayamağa qoymasınmı?ayama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spare? | bizayamağa qoymayıqmı?ayama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spare? | alaayamağa qoymasınlamı?ayama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spare? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menayamağa qoyamaayama qoyamaI allow someone to spare | senayamağa qoyasaayama qoyasayou allow someone to spare | olayamağa qoyadıayama qoyadıhe allows someone to spare | bizayamağa qoyabızayama qoyabızwe allow someone to spare | sizayamağa qoyasızayama qoyasızyou all allow someone to spare | alaayamağa qoyadılaayama qoyadılathey allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (present) | menayamağa qoymaymaayama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spare | senayamağa qoymaysaayama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spare | olayamağa qoymaydıayama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spare | bizayamağa qoymaybızayama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spare | sizayamağa qoymaysızayama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spare | alaayamağa qoymaydılaayama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (present) | menayamağa qoyamamı?ayama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spare? | senayamağa qoyamısa?ayama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spare? | olayamağa qoyamıdı?ayama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spare? | bizayamağa qoyabızmı?ayama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spare? | sizayamağa qoyamısız?ayama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spare? | alaayamağa qoyamıdıla?ayama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spare? |
| Let someone… (present) | menayamağa qoymaymamı?ayama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spare? | senayamağa qoymaymısa?ayama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spare? | olayamağa qoymaymıdı?ayama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spare? | bizayamağa qoymaybızmı?ayama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spare? | sizayamağa qoymaymısız?ayama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spare? | alaayamağa qoymaymıdıla?ayama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spare? |
| Let someone… (past) | menayamağa qoydumayama qoydumI allowed someone to spare | senayamağa qoyduŋayama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spare | olayamağa qoyduayama qoyduhe allowed someone to spare | bizayamağa qoyduqayama qoyduqwe allowed someone to spare | sizayamağa qoyduğuzayama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spare | alaayamağa qoydulaayama qoydulathey allowed someone to spare |
| Let someone… (past) | menayamağa qoymadımayama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spare | senayamağa qoymadıŋayama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spare | olayamağa qoymadıayama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spare | bizayamağa qoymadıqayama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spare | sizayamağa qoymadığızayama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spare | alaayamağa qoymadılaayama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spare |
| Let someone… (past) | menayamağa qoydummu?ayama qoydummu?did I allow someone to spare? | senayamağa qoyduŋmu?ayama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spare? | olayamağa qoydumu?ayama qoydumu?did he allow someone to spare? | bizayamağa qoyduqmu?ayama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spare? | sizayamağa qoyduğuzmu?ayama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spare? | alaayamağa qoydulamı?ayama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spare? |
| Let someone… (past) | menayamağa qoymadımmı?ayama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spare? | senayamağa qoymadıŋmı?ayama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spare? | olayamağa qoymadımı?ayama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spare? | bizayamağa qoymadıqmı?ayama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spare? | sizayamağa qoymadığızmı?ayama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spare? | alaayamağa qoymadılamı?ayama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spare? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menayayalamaI can spare | senayayalasayou can spare | olayayaladıhe can spare | bizayayalabızwe can spare | sizayayalasızyou all can spare | alaayayaladılathey can spare |
| Ability — present | menayayalmaymaI can't spare | senayayalmaysayou can't spare | olayayalmaydıhe can't spare | bizayayalmaybızwe can't spare | sizayayalmaysızyou all can't spare | alaayayalmaydılathey can't spare |
| Ability — present | menayayalamamı? ayayalamıma?can I spare? | senayayalamısa?can you spare? | olayayalamıdı?can he spare? | bizayayalabızmı? ayayalamıbız?can we spare? | sizayayalamısız?can you all spare? | alaayayalamıdıla?can they spare? |
| Ability — present | menayayalmaymamı? ayayalmaymıma?can't I spare? | senayayalmaymısa?can't you spare? | olayayalmaymıdı?can't he spare? | bizayayalmaybızmı? ayayalmaymıbız?can't we spare? | sizayayalmaymısız?can't you all spare? | alaayayalmaymıdıla?can't they spare? |
| Ability — if I can… | menayayalsamif I can spare | senayayalsaŋif you can spare | olayayalsaif he can spare | bizayayalsaqif we can spare | sizayayalsağızif you all can spare | alaayayalsalaif they can spare |
| Ability — if I can… | menayayalmasamif I can't spare | senayayalmasaŋif you can't spare | olayayalmasaif he can't spare | bizayayalmasaqif we can't spare | sizayayalmasağızif you all can't spare | alaayayalmasalaif they can't spare |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menayayaldımI was able to spare | senayayaldıŋyou were able to spare | olayayaldıhe was able to spare | bizayayaldıqwe were able to spare | sizayayaldığızyou all were able to spare | alaayayaldılathey were able to spare |
| Ability — simple past | menayayalmadımI could not spare | senayayalmadıŋyou could not spare | olayayalmadıhe could not spare | bizayayalmadıqwe could not spare | sizayayalmadığızyou all could not spare | alaayayalmadılathey could not spare |
| Ability — simple past | menayayaldımmı?was I able to spare? | senayayaldıŋmı?were you able to spare? | olayayaldımı?was he able to spare? | bizayayaldıqmı?were we able to spare? | sizayayaldığızmı?were you all able to spare? | alaayayaldılamı?were they able to spare? |
| Ability — simple past | menayayalmadımmı?couldn't I spare? | senayayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spare? | olayayalmadımı?couldn't he spare? | bizayayalmadıqmı?couldn't we spare? | sizayayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spare? | alaayayalmadılamı?couldn't they spare? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayayalğanmaI have been able to spare | senayayalğansayou have been able to spare | olayayalğandıhe has been able to spare | bizayayalğanbızwe have been able to spare | sizayayalğansızyou all have been able to spare | alaayayalğandılathey have been able to spare |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayayalmağanmaI haven't been able to spare | senayayalmağansayou haven't been able to spare | olayayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spare | bizayayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spare | sizayayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spare | alaayayalmağandılathey haven't been able to spare |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayayalğanmamı? ayayalğanmıma?have I been able to spare? | senayayalğanmısa?have you been able to spare? | olayayalğanmıdı?has he been able to spare? | bizayayalğanbızmı? ayayalğanmıbız?have we been able to spare? | sizayayalğanmısız?have you all been able to spare? | alaayayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spare? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menayayalmağanmamı? ayayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spare? | senayayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spare? | olayayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spare? | bizayayalmağanbızmı? ayayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spare? | sizayayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spare? | alaayayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spare? |
| Ability — past perfect | menayayalğan edimayayalğanemI had been able to spare | senayayalğan ediŋayayalğaneŋyou had been able to spare | olayayalğan ediayayalğanedhe had been able to spare | bizayayalğan edikayayalğanekwe had been able to spare | sizayayalğan edigizayayalğanegizyou all had been able to spare | alaayayalğan edileayayalğanellethey had been able to spare |
| Ability — past perfect | menayayalmağan edimayayalmağanemI hadn't been able to spare | senayayalmağan ediŋayayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spare | olayayalmağan ediayayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spare | bizayayalmağan edikayayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spare | sizayayalmağan edigizayayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spare | alaayayalmağan edileayayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spare |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menayayala edimayayalaemI could spare | senayayala ediŋayayalaeŋyou could spare | olayayala ediayayalaedhe could spare | bizayayala edikayayalaekwe could spare | sizayayala edigizayayalaegizyou all could spare | alaayayala edileayayalaellethey could spare |
| Ability — past background | menayayalmay edimayayalmayemI could not spare | senayayalmay ediŋayayalmayeŋyou could not spare | olayayalmay ediayayalmayedhe could not spare | bizayayalmay edikayayalmayekwe could not spare | sizayayalmay edigizayayalmayegizyou all could not spare | alaayayalmay edileayayalmayellethey could not spare |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menayayalırmaI will be able to spare | senayayalırsayou will be able to spare | olayayalırhe will be able to spare | bizayayalırbızwe will be able to spare | sizayayalırsızyou all will be able to spare | alaayayalırlathey will be able to spare |
| Ability — future I | menayayalmazmaI won't be able to spare | senayayalmazsayou won't be able to spare | olayayalmazhe won't be able to spare | bizayayalmazbızwe won't be able to spare | sizayayalmazsızyou all won't be able to spare | alaayayalmazlathey won't be able to spare |
| Ability — future I | menayayalırmamı? ayayalırmıma?will I be able to spare? | senayayalırmısa?will you be able to spare? | olayayalırmı?will he be able to spare? | bizayayalırbızmı? ayayalırmıbız?will we be able to spare? | sizayayalırmısız?will you all be able to spare? | alaayayalırlamı? ayayalırmıla?will they be able to spare? |
| Ability — future I | menayayalmazmamı? ayayalmazmıma?won't I be able to spare? | senayayalmazmısa?won't you be able to spare? | olayayalmazmı?won't he be able to spare? | bizayayalmazbızmı? ayayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spare? | sizayayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spare? | alaayayalmazlamı? ayayalmazmıla?won't they be able to spare? |
| Ability — future II | menayayallıqmaI am going to be able to spare | senayayallıqsayou are going to be able to spare | olayayallıqdıhe is going to be able to spare | bizayayallıqbızwe are going to be able to spare | sizayayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spare | alaayayallıqdılathey are going to be able to spare |
| Ability — future II | menayayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spare | senayayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spare | olayayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spare | bizayayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spare | sizayayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spare | alaayayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spare |
| Ability — future II | menayayallıqmamı? ayayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spare? | senayayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spare? | olayayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spare? | bizayayallıqbızmı? ayayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spare? | sizayayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spare? | alaayayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spare? |
| Ability — future II | menayayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spare? | senayayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spare? | olayayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spare? | bizayayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spare? | sizayayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spare? | alaayayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spare? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menayayalır edimayayalır emI would be able to spare | senayayalır ediŋayayalır eŋyou would be able to spare | olayayalır ediayayalır edhe would be able to spare | bizayayalır edikayayalır ekwe would be able to spare | sizayayalır edigizayayalır egizyou all would be able to spare | alaayayalır edileayayalır ellethey would be able to spare |
| Ability — would be able to… | menayayalmaz edimayayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spare | senayayalmaz ediŋayayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spare | olayayalmaz ediayayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spare | bizayayalmaz edikayayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spare | sizayayalmaz edigizayayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spare | alaayayalmaz edileayayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spare |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senayayalğınayayalğımay you be able to spare | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senayayalmağınayayalmağımay you not be able to spare | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menayarğa izleymeI want to spare | senayarğa izleyseyou want to spare | olayarğa izleydihe wants to spare | bizayarğa izleybizwe want to spare | sizayarğa izleysizyou all want to spare | alaayarğa izleydilethey want to spare |
| want to | menayarğa izlemeymeI do not want to spare | senayarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to spare | olayarğa izlemeydihe does not want to spare | bizayarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to spare | sizayarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to spare | alaayarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to spare |
| would like to | menayarğa süemeI would like to spare | senayarğa süeseyou would like to spare | olayarğa süedihe would like to spare | bizayarğa süebizwe would like to spare | sizayarğa süesizyou all would like to spare | alaayarğa süedilethey would like to spare |
| would like to | menayarğa süymeymeI would not like to spare | senayarğa süymeyseyou would not like to spare | olayarğa süymeydihe would not like to spare | bizayarğa süymeybizwe would not like to spare | sizayarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to spare | alaayarğa süymeydilethey would not like to spare |
| hope to | menayarğa umutlanamaI hope to spare | senayarğa umutlanasayou hope to spare | olayarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to spare | bizayarğa umutlanabızwe hope to spare | sizayarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to spare | alaayarğa umutlanadılathey hope to spare |
| hope to | menayarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spare | senayarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spare | olayarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spare | bizayarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spare | sizayarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spare | alaayarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spare |
| be about to | menayarğa deb turamaI am about to spare | senayarğa deb turasayou are about to spare | olayarğa deb turadıhe is about to spare | bizayarğa deb turabızwe are about to spare | sizayarğa deb turasızyou all are about to spare | alaayarğa deb turadılathey are about to spare |
| be about to | menayarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to spare | senayarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to spare | olayarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to spare | bizayarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to spare | sizayarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spare | alaayarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to spare |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menayarğa kerekmeI need to spare | senayarğa kerekseyou need to spare | olayarğa kerekdihe needs to spare | bizayarğa kerekbizwe need to spare | sizayarğa kereksizyou all need to spare | alaayarğa kerekdilethey need to spare |
| need to | menayarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to spare | senayarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to spare | olayarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to spare | bizayarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spare | sizayarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spare | alaayarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to spare |
| have to | menmenŋe ayarğa tüşediI have to spare | sensenŋe ayarğa tüşediyou have to spare | olaŋa ayarğa tüşedihe has to spare | bizbizge ayarğa tüşediwe have to spare | sizsizge ayarğa tüşediyou all have to spare | alaalağa ayarğa tüşedithey have to spare |
| have to | menmenŋe ayarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to spare | sensenŋe ayarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to spare | olaŋa ayarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to spare | bizbizge ayarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to spare | sizsizge ayarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spare | alaalağa ayarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to spare |
| be obliged to | menayarğa borçlumaI am obliged to spare | senayarğa borçlusayou are obliged to spare | olayarğa borçluduhe is obliged to spare | bizayarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to spare | sizayarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spare | alaayarğa borçludulathey are obliged to spare |
| be obliged to | menayarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spare | senayarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spare | olayarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spare | bizayarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spare | sizayarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spare | alaayarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spare |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menayarğa madarım bardıI have a way to spare | senayarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spare | olayarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to spare | bizayarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spare | sizayarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spare | alaayarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to spare |
| have a way to | menayarğa madarım joqduI have no way to spare | senayarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spare | olayarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to spare | bizayarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spare | sizayarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spare | alaayarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to spare |
| be free to | menayarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to spare | senayarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spare | olayarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to spare | bizayarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spare | sizayarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spare | alaayarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spare |
| be free to | menayarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to spare | senayarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spare | olayarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spare | bizayarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spare | sizayarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spare | alaayarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spare |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ayarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to spare | sensenŋe ayarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to spare | olaŋa ayarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to spare | bizbizge ayarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to spare | sizsizge ayarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to spare | alaalağa ayarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to spare |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spare | sensenŋe ayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spare | olaŋa ayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spare | bizbizge ayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spare | sizsizge ayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spare | alaalağa ayarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spare |
| be ready to | menayarğa hazırmaI am ready to spare | senayarğa hazırsayou are ready to spare | olayarğa hazırdıhe is ready to spare | bizayarğa hazırbızwe are ready to spare | sizayarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to spare | alaayarğa hazırdılathey are ready to spare |
| be ready to | menayarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to spare | senayarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to spare | olayarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to spare | bizayarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spare | sizayarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spare | alaayarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spare |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menayarğa küreşemeI am trying to spare | senayarğa küreşeseyou are trying to spare | olayarğa küreşedihe is trying to spare | bizayarğa küreşebizwe are trying to spare | sizayarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to spare | alaayarğa küreşedilethey are trying to spare |
| try to | menayarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to spare | senayarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spare | olayarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to spare | bizayarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spare | sizayarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spare | alaayarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spare |
| agree to | menayarğa unaymaI agree to spare | senayarğa unaysayou agree to spare | olayarğa unaydıhe agrees to spare | bizayarğa unaybızwe agree to spare | sizayarğa unaysızyou all agree to spare | alaayarğa unaydılathey agree to spare |
| agree to | menayarğa unamaymaI refuse to spare | senayarğa unamaysayou refuse to spare | olayarğa unamaydıhe refuses to spare | bizayarğa unamaybızwe refuse to spare | sizayarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to spare | alaayarğa unamaydılathey refuse to spare |
| hurry to | menayarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to spare | senayarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to spare | olayarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spare | bizayarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spare | sizayarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spare | alaayarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spare |
| hurry to | menayarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spare | senayarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spare | olayarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spare | bizayarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spare | sizayarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spare | alaayarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spare |
| be afraid to | menayarğa qorqamaI am afraid to spare | senayarğa qorqasayou are afraid to spare | olayarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to spare | bizayarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to spare | sizayarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to spare | alaayarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to spare |
| be afraid to | menayarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spare | senayarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spare | olayarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spare | bizayarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spare | sizayarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spare | alaayarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spare |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menayay bolmazmaI can't be sparing | senayay bolmazsayou can't be sparing | olayay bolmazhe can't be sparing | bizayay bolmazbızwe can't be sparing | sizayay bolmazsızyou all can't be sparing | alaayay bolmazlathey can't be sparing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menayamay bolmazmaI must be sparing (emphatic) | senayamay bolmazsayou must be sparing (emphatic) | olayamay bolmazhe must be sparing (emphatic) | bizayamay bolmazbızwe must be sparing (emphatic) | sizayamay bolmazsızyou all must be sparing (emphatic) | alaayamay bolmazlathey must be sparing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menayay turmasamif I don't keep sparing | senayay turmasaŋif you don't keep sparing | olayay turmasaif he doesn't keep sparing | bizayay turmasaqif we don't keep sparing | sizayay turmasağızif you all don't keep sparing | alaayay turmasalaif they don't keep sparing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menayay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sparing | senayay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sparing | olayay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sparing | bizayay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sparing | sizayay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sparing | alaayay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sparing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menayamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | senayamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | olayamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | bizayamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | sizayamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sparing (emphatic) | alaayamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sparing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menayamay turamaI keep on not sparing | senayamay turasayou keep on not sparing | olayamay turadıhe keeps on not sparing | bizayamay turabızwe keep on not sparing | sizayamay turasızyou all keep on not sparing | alaayamay turadılathey keep on not sparing |
| Progressive — double negation | menayamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not sparing | senayamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not sparing | olayamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sparing | bizayamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sparing | sizayamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sparing | alaayamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sparing |
| Progressive — double negation | menayamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sparing? | senayamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sparing? | olayamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sparing? | bizayamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sparing? | sizayamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sparing? | alaayamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sparing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menayağan bolmazmaI can't have spared | senayağan bolmazsayou can't have spared | olayağan bolmazhe can't have spared | bizayağan bolmazbızwe can't have spared | sizayağan bolmazsızyou all can't have spared | alaayağan bolmazlathey can't have spared |
| Inference — double negation | menayamağan bolmazmaI must have spared (emphatic) | senayamağan bolmazsayou must have spared (emphatic) | olayamağan bolmazhe must have spared (emphatic) | bizayamağan bolmazbızwe must have spared (emphatic) | sizayamağan bolmazsızyou all must have spared (emphatic) | alaayamağan bolmazlathey must have spared (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menayağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had spared | senayağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spared | olayağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had spared | bizayağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spared | sizayağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spared | alaayağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spared |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menayamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spared | senayamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spared | olayamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spared | bizayamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spared | sizayamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spared | alaayamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spared |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menayarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to spare | senayarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to spare | olayarıq bolmazhe can't be going to spare | bizayarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to spare | sizayarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spare | alaayarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to spare |
| Inference, future — double negation | menayamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to spare (emphatic) | senayamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to spare (emphatic) | olayamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to spare (emphatic) | bizayamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to spare (emphatic) | sizayamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to spare (emphatic) | alaayamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to spare (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menayarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spare | senayarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spare | olayarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spare | bizayarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spare | sizayarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spare | alaayarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spare |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menayamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spare | senayamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spare | olayamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spare | bizayamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spare | sizayamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spare | alaayamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spare |