ajayırğa
/adʒajɯrʁa/
pine, grieve, lose heart — Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it as a Karachay word. Nevruz 1991 also gives losing hope and pining for one's homeland.
- ol bek ajaydı — he pined a great deal
- ajayıb turama — I keep grieving
- anasın esgerib ajayadı — she pines, remembering her mother
Conjugation
Common forms
- ajayadıhe is pining
- ajaydıhe pined
- ajayğandıhe has pined
- ajayırhe will pine
- ajayırıqdıhe is going to pine
- ajaya edihe was pining
- ajaysaif he pines
- ajay!pine!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menajayamaI am pining | senajayasayou are pining | olajayadıhe is pining | bizajayabızwe are pining | sizajayasızyou all are pining | alaajayadılathey are pining |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menajaymaymaI am not pining | senajaymaysayou are not pining | olajaymaydıhe is not pining | bizajaymaybızwe are not pining | sizajaymaysızyou all are not pining | alaajaymaydılathey are not pining |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menajayamamı? ajayamıma?am I pining? | senajayamısa?are you pining? | olajayamıdı?is he pining? | bizajayabızmı? ajayamıbız?are we pining? | sizajayamısız?are you all pining? | alaajayamıdıla?are they pining? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menajaymaymamı? ajaymaymıma?aren't I pining? | senajaymaymısa?aren't you pining? | olajaymaymıdı?isn't he pining? | bizajaymaybızmı? ajaymaymıbız?aren't we pining? | sizajaymaymısız?aren't you all pining? | alaajaymaymıdıla?aren't they pining? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menajayıwçanmaI usually pine | senajayıwçansayou usually pine | olajayıwçandıhe usually pines | bizajayıwçanbızwe usually pine | sizajayıwçansızyou all usually pine | alaajayıwçandılathey usually pine |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menajaymawçanmaI usually don't pine | senajaymawçansayou usually don't pine | olajaymawçandıhe usually doesn't pine | bizajaymawçanbızwe usually don't pine | sizajaymawçansızyou all usually don't pine | alaajaymawçandılathey usually don't pine |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menajayıwçanmamı? ajayıwçanmıma?do I usually pine? | senajayıwçanmısa?do you usually pine? | olajayıwçanmıdı?does he usually pine? | bizajayıwçanbızmı? ajayıwçanmıbız?do we usually pine? | sizajayıwçanmısız?do you all usually pine? | alaajayıwçanmıdıla?do they usually pine? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menajaymawçanmamı? ajaymawçanmıma?do I usually not pine? | senajaymawçanmısa?do you usually not pine? | olajaymawçanmıdı?does he usually not pine? | bizajaymawçanbızmı? ajaymawçanmıbız?do we usually not pine? | sizajaymawçanmısız?do you all usually not pine? | alaajaymawçanmıdıla?do they usually not pine? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olajayıbdıhe has pined and remains so | alaajayıbdılathey have pined and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olajayıbmıdı?has he pined? | alaajayıbmıdıla?have they pined? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menajayıb turamaI keep pining | senajayıb turasayou keep pining | olajayıb turadıhe keeps pining | bizajayıb turabızwe keep pining | sizajayıb turasızyou all keep pining | alaajayıb turadılathey keep pining |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menajayıb turmaymaI don't keep pining | senajayıb turmaysayou don't keep pining | olajayıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep pining | bizajayıb turmaybızwe don't keep pining | sizajayıb turmaysızyou all don't keep pining | alaajayıb turmaydılathey don't keep pining |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menajayıb turamamı? ajayıb turamıma?do I keep pining? | senajayıb turamısa?do you keep pining? | olajayıb turamıdı?does he keep pining? | bizajayıb turabızmı? ajayıb turamıbız?do we keep pining? | sizajayıb turamısız?do you all keep pining? | alaajayıb turamıdıla?do they keep pining? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menajayıb turmaymamı? ajayıb turmaymıma?don't I keep pining? | senajayıb turmaymısa?don't you keep pining? | olajayıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep pining? | bizajayıb turmaybızmı? ajayıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep pining? | sizajayıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep pining? | alaajayıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep pining? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menajaya turamaI am in the middle of pining | senajaya turasayou are in the middle of pining | olajaya turadıhe is in the middle of pining | bizajaya turabızwe are in the middle of pining | sizajaya turasızyou all are in the middle of pining | alaajaya turadılathey are in the middle of pining |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menajaya turmaymaI am not in the middle of pining | senajaya turmaysayou are not in the middle of pining | olajaya turmaydıhe is not in the middle of pining | bizajaya turmaybızwe are not in the middle of pining | sizajaya turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of pining | alaajaya turmaydılathey are not in the middle of pining |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menajaya turamamı? ajaya turamıma?am I in the middle of pining? | senajaya turamısa?are you in the middle of pining? | olajaya turamıdı?is he in the middle of pining? | bizajaya turabızmı? ajaya turamıbız?are we in the middle of pining? | sizajaya turamısız?are you all in the middle of pining? | alaajaya turamıdıla?are they in the middle of pining? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menajaya turmaymamı? ajaya turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of pining? | senajaya turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of pining? | olajaya turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of pining? | bizajaya turmaybızmı? ajaya turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of pining? | sizajaya turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of pining? | alaajaya turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of pining? |
| Simple past (definite) | menajaydımI pined | senajaydıŋyou pined | olajaydıhe pined | bizajaydıqwe pined | sizajaydığızyou all pined | alaajaydılathey pined |
| Simple past (definite) | menajaymadımI didn't pine | senajaymadıŋyou didn't pine | olajaymadıhe didn't pine | bizajaymadıqwe didn't pine | sizajaymadığızyou all didn't pine | alaajaymadılathey didn't pine |
| Simple past (definite) | menajaydımmı?did I pine? | senajaydıŋmı?did you pine? | olajaydımı?did he pine? | bizajaydıqmı?did we pine? | sizajaydığızmı?did you all pine? | alaajaydılamı?did they pine? |
| Simple past (definite) | menajaymadımmı?didn't I pine? | senajaymadıŋmı?didn't you pine? | olajaymadımı?didn't he pine? | bizajaymadıqmı?didn't we pine? | sizajaymadığızmı?didn't you all pine? | alaajaymadılamı?didn't they pine? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menajayğanmaI have pined | senajayğansayou have pined | olajayğandıhe has pined | bizajayğanbızwe have pined | sizajayğansızyou all have pined | alaajayğandılathey have pined |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menajaymağanmaI haven't pined | senajaymağansayou haven't pined | olajaymağandıhe hasn't pined | bizajaymağanbızwe haven't pined | sizajaymağansızyou all haven't pined | alaajaymağandılathey haven't pined |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menajayğanmamı? ajayğanmıma?have I pined? | senajayğanmısa?have you pined? | olajayğanmıdı?has he pined? | bizajayğanbızmı? ajayğanmıbız?have we pined? | sizajayğanmısız?have you all pined? | alaajayğanmıdıla?have they pined? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menajaymağanmamı? ajaymağanmıma?haven't I pined? | senajaymağanmısa?haven't you pined? | olajaymağanmıdı?hasn't he pined? | bizajaymağanbızmı? ajaymağanmıbız?haven't we pined? | sizajaymağanmısız?haven't you all pined? | alaajaymağanmıdıla?haven't they pined? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menajayıb turdumI kept pining | senajayıb turduŋyou kept pining | olajayıb turduhe kept pining | bizajayıb turduqwe kept pining | sizajayıb turduğuzyou all kept pining | alaajayıb turdulathey kept pining |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menajayıb turmadımI didn't keep pining | senajayıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep pining | olajayıb turmadıhe didn't keep pining | bizajayıb turmadıqwe didn't keep pining | sizajayıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep pining | alaajayıb turmadılathey didn't keep pining |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menajayırmaI will pine | senajayırsayou will pine | olajayırhe will pine | bizajayırbızwe will pine | sizajayırsızyou all will pine | alaajayırlathey will pine |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menajaymazmaI won't pine | senajaymazsayou won't pine | olajaymazhe won't pine | bizajaymazbızwe won't pine | sizajaymazsızyou all won't pine | alaajaymazlathey won't pine |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menajayırmamı? ajayırmıma?will I pine? | senajayırmısa?will you pine? | olajayırmı?will he pine? | bizajayırbızmı? ajayırmıbız?will we pine? | sizajayırmısız?will you all pine? | alaajayırlamı? ajayırmıla?will they pine? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menajaymazmamı? ajaymazmıma?won't I pine? | senajaymazmısa?won't you pine? | olajaymazmı?won't he pine? | bizajaymazbızmı? ajaymazmıbız?won't we pine? | sizajaymazmısız?won't you all pine? | alaajaymazlamı? ajaymazmıla?won't they pine? |
| Definite future (future II) | menajayırıqmaI am going to pine | senajayırıqsayou are going to pine | olajayırıqdıhe is going to pine | bizajayırıqbızwe are going to pine | sizajayırıqsızyou all are going to pine | alaajayırıqdılathey are going to pine |
| Definite future (future II) | menajayırıq tülmeI am not going to pine | senajayırıq tülseyou are not going to pine | olajayırıq tüldühe is not going to pine | bizajayırıq tülbüzwe are not going to pine | sizajayırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to pine | alaajayırıq tüldülethey are not going to pine |
| Definite future (future II) | menajayırıqmamı? ajayırıqmıma?am I going to pine? | senajayırıqmısa?are you going to pine? | olajayırıqmıdı?is he going to pine? | bizajayırıqbızmı? ajayırıqmıbız?are we going to pine? | sizajayırıqmısız?are you all going to pine? | alaajayırıqmıdıla?are they going to pine? |
| Definite future (future II) | menajayırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to pine? | senajayırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to pine? | olajayırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to pine? | bizajayırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to pine? | sizajayırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to pine? | alaajayırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to pine? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menajayğan edimajayğanemI had pined | senajayğan ediŋajayğaneŋyou had pined | olajayğan ediajayğanedhe had pined | bizajayğan edikajayğanekwe had pined | sizajayğan edigizajayğanegizyou all had pined | alaajayğan edileajayğanellethey had pined |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menajaymağan edimajaymağanemI hadn't pined | senajaymağan ediŋajaymağaneŋyou hadn't pined | olajaymağan ediajaymağanedhe hadn't pined | bizajaymağan edikajaymağanekwe hadn't pined | sizajaymağan edigizajaymağanegizyou all hadn't pined | alaajaymağan edileajaymağanellethey hadn't pined |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menajaya edimajayaemI was pining | senajaya ediŋajayaeŋyou were pining | olajaya ediajayaedhe was pining | bizajaya edikajayaekwe were pining | sizajaya edigizajayaegizyou all were pining | alaajaya edileajayaellethey were pining |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menajaymay edimajaymayemI wasn't pining | senajaymay ediŋajaymayeŋyou weren't pining | olajaymay ediajaymayedhe wasn't pining | bizajaymay edikajaymayekwe weren't pining | sizajaymay edigizajaymayegizyou all weren't pining | alaajaymay edileajaymayellethey weren't pining |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menajayıwçan edimajayıwçanemI used to pine | senajayıwçan ediŋajayıwçaneŋyou used to pine | olajayıwçan ediajayıwçanedhe used to pine | bizajayıwçan edikajayıwçanekwe used to pine | sizajayıwçan edigizajayıwçanegizyou all used to pine | alaajayıwçan edileajayıwçanellethey used to pine |
| Habitual past (used to) | menajaymawçan edimajaymawçanemI didn't use to pine | senajaymawçan ediŋajaymawçaneŋyou didn't use to pine | olajaymawçan ediajaymawçanedhe didn't use to pine | bizajaymawçan edikajaymawçanekwe didn't use to pine | sizajaymawçan edigizajaymawçanegizyou all didn't use to pine | alaajaymawçan edileajaymawçanellethey didn't use to pine |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olajayıb edihe had pined and remained so | alaajayıb edilethey had pined and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olajayıb tül edihe hadn't pined | alaajayıb tül edilethey hadn't pined | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menajayıb tura edimajayıb turaemI had kept pining | senajayıb tura ediŋajayıb turaeŋyou had kept pining | olajayıb tura ediajayıb turaedhe had kept pining | bizajayıb tura edikajayıb turaekwe had kept pining | sizajayıb tura edigizajayıb turaegizyou all had kept pining | alaajayıb tura edileajayıb turaellethey had kept pining |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menajayıb turmay edimajayıb turmayemI hadn't kept pining | senajayıb turmay ediŋajayıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept pining | olajayıb turmay ediajayıb turmayedhe hadn't kept pining | bizajayıb turmay edikajayıb turmayekwe hadn't kept pining | sizajayıb turmay edigizajayıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept pining | alaajayıb turmay edileajayıb turmayellethey hadn't kept pining |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menajaya tura edimajaya turaemI was in the middle of pining | senajaya tura ediŋajaya turaeŋyou were in the middle of pining | olajaya tura ediajaya turaedhe was in the middle of pining | bizajaya tura edikajaya turaekwe were in the middle of pining | sizajaya tura edigizajaya turaegizyou all were in the middle of pining | alaajaya tura edileajaya turaellethey were in the middle of pining |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menajaya turmay edimajaya turmayemI wasn't in the middle of pining | senajaya turmay ediŋajaya turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of pining | olajaya turmay ediajaya turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of pining | bizajaya turmay edikajaya turmayekwe weren't in the middle of pining | sizajaya turmay edigizajaya turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of pining | alaajaya turmay edileajaya turmayellethey weren't in the middle of pining |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menajayır edimajayır emI would pine | senajayır ediŋajayır eŋyou would pine | olajayır ediajayır edhe would pine | bizajayır edikajayır ekwe would pine | sizajayır edigizajayır egizyou all would pine | alaajayır edileajayır ellethey would pine |
| Conditional result (would) | menajaymaz edimajaymaz emI wouldn't pine | senajaymaz ediŋajaymaz eŋyou wouldn't pine | olajaymaz ediajaymaz edhe wouldn't pine | bizajaymaz edikajaymaz ekwe wouldn't pine | sizajaymaz edigizajaymaz egizyou all wouldn't pine | alaajaymaz edileajaymaz ellethey wouldn't pine |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menajayırıq edimajayırıq emI would have pined | senajayırıq ediŋajayırıq eŋyou would have pined | olajayırıq ediajayırıq edhe would have pined | bizajayırıq edikajayırıq ekwe would have pined | sizajayırıq edigizajayırıq egizyou all would have pined | alaajayırıq edileajayırıq ellethey would have pined |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menajayırıq tül edimajayırıq tül emI wouldn't have pined | senajayırıq tül ediŋajayırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have pined | olajayırıq tül ediajayırıq tül edhe wouldn't have pined | bizajayırıq tül edikajayırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have pined | sizajayırıq tül edigizajayırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have pined | alaajayırıq tül edileajayırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have pined |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menajaysamif I pine | senajaysaŋif you pine | olajaysaif he pines | bizajaysaqif we pine | sizajaysağızif you all pine | alaajaysalaif they pine |
| Conditional | menajaymasamif I don't pine | senajaymasaŋif you don't pine | olajaymasaif he doesn't pine | bizajaymasaqif we don't pine | sizajaymasağızif you all don't pine | alaajaymasalaif they don't pine |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menajaya esemif I am pining | senajaya eseŋif you are pining | olajaya eseif he is pining | bizajaya esekif we are pining | sizajaya esegizif you all are pining | alaajaya eseleif they are pining |
| Conditional, present real | menajaymay esemif I am not pining | senajaymay eseŋif you are not pining | olajaymay eseif he is not pining | bizajaymay esekif we are not pining | sizajaymay esegizif you all are not pining | alaajaymay eseleif they are not pining |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menajaysam ediajaysam edif only I pined | senajaysaŋ ediajaysaŋ edif only you pined | olajaysa ediajaysaedif only he pined | bizajaysaq ediajaysaq edif only we pined | sizajaysağız ediajaysağız edif only you all pined | alaajaysala ediajaysalaedif only they pined |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menajaymasam ediajaymasam edif only I didn't pine | senajaymasaŋ ediajaymasaŋ edif only you didn't pine | olajaymasa ediajaymasaedif only he didn't pine | bizajaymasaq ediajaymasaq edif only we didn't pine | sizajaymasağız ediajaymasağız edif only you all didn't pine | alaajaymasala ediajaymasalaedif only they didn't pine |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menajayıb tursamif I carry on pining | senajayıb tursaŋif you carry on pining | olajayıb tursaif he carries on pining | bizajayıb tursaqif we carry on pining | sizajayıb tursağızif you all carry on pining | alaajayıb tursalaif they carry on pining |
| Durative conditional | menajayıb turmasamif I don't carry on pining | senajayıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on pining | olajayıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on pining | bizajayıb turmasaqif we don't carry on pining | sizajayıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on pining | alaajayıb turmasalaif they don't carry on pining |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menajayıb tura esemif I have kept pining | senajayıb tura eseŋif you have kept pining | olajayıb tura eseif he has kept pining | bizajayıb tura esekif we have kept pining | sizajayıb tura esegizif you all have kept pining | alaajayıb tura eseleif they have kept pining |
| Durative conditional, present real | menajayıb turmay esemif I haven't kept pining | senajayıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept pining | olajayıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept pining | bizajayıb turmay esekif we haven't kept pining | sizajayıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept pining | alaajayıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept pining |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menajaya tursamif I keep pining | senajaya tursaŋif you keep pining | olajaya tursaif he keeps pining | bizajaya tursaqif we keep pining | sizajaya tursağızif you all keep pining | alaajaya tursalaif they keep pining |
| Progressive conditional | menajaymay tursamif I keep on not pining | senajaymay tursaŋif you keep on not pining | olajaymay tursaif he keeps on not pining | bizajaymay tursaqif we keep on not pining | sizajaymay tursağızif you all keep on not pining | alaajaymay tursalaif they keep on not pining |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menajaya tura esemif I am in the middle of pining | senajaya tura eseŋif you are in the middle of pining | olajaya tura eseif he is in the middle of pining | bizajaya tura esekif we are in the middle of pining | sizajaya tura esegizif you all are in the middle of pining | alaajaya tura eseleif they are in the middle of pining |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menajaymay tura esemif I keep on not pining | senajaymay tura eseŋif you keep on not pining | olajaymay tura eseif he keeps on not pining | bizajaymay tura esekif we keep on not pining | sizajaymay tura esegizif you all keep on not pining | alaajaymay tura eseleif they keep on not pining |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menajaydım esemif I pined | senajaydıŋ eseŋif you pined | olajaydı eseif he pined | bizajaydıq esekif we pined | sizajaydığız esegizif you all pined | alaajaydıla eseleif they pined |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menajaymadım esemif I didn't pine | senajaymadıŋ eseŋif you didn't pine | olajaymadı eseif he didn't pine | bizajaymadıq esekif we didn't pine | sizajaymadığız esegizif you all didn't pine | alaajaymadıla eseleif they didn't pine |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menajayğan esemif I did pine (indeed) | senajayğan eseŋif you did pine (indeed) | olajayğan eseif he did pine (indeed) | bizajayğan esekif we did pine (indeed) | sizajayğan esegizif you all did pine (indeed) | alaajayğan eseleif they did pine (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menajaymağan esemif I didn't pine (indeed) | senajaymağan eseŋif you didn't pine (indeed) | olajaymağan eseif he didn't pine (indeed) | bizajaymağan esekif we didn't pine (indeed) | sizajaymağan esegizif you all didn't pine (indeed) | alaajaymağan eseleif they didn't pine (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menajayğan bolsamif I had pined | senajayğan bolsaŋif you had pined | olajayğan bolsaif he had pined | bizajayğan bolsaqif we had pined | sizajayğan bolsağızif you all had pined | alaajayğan bolsalaif they had pined |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menajaymağan bolsamif I hadn't pined | senajaymağan bolsaŋif you hadn't pined | olajaymağan bolsaif he hadn't pined | bizajaymağan bolsaqif we hadn't pined | sizajaymağan bolsağızif you all hadn't pined | alaajaymağan bolsalaif they hadn't pined |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menajayğan bolsam ediajayğan bolsam edif only I had pined | senajayğan bolsaŋ ediajayğan bolsaŋ edif only you had pined | olajayğan bolsa ediajayğan bolsaedif only he had pined | bizajayğan bolsaq ediajayğan bolsaq edif only we had pined | sizajayğan bolsağız ediajayğan bolsağız edif only you all had pined | alaajayğan bolsala ediajayğan bolsalaedif only they had pined |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menajaymağan bolsam ediajaymağan bolsam edif only I hadn't pined | senajaymağan bolsaŋ ediajaymağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't pined | olajaymağan bolsa ediajaymağan bolsaedif only he hadn't pined | bizajaymağan bolsaq ediajaymağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't pined | sizajaymağan bolsağız ediajaymağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't pined | alaajaymağan bolsala ediajaymağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't pined |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menajayır esemif I will pine | senajayır eseŋif you will pine | olajayır eseif he will pine | bizajayır esekif we will pine | sizajayır esegizif you all will pine | alaajayır eseleif they will pine |
| Conditional, aorist | menajaymaz esemif I won't pine | senajaymaz eseŋif you won't pine | olajaymaz eseif he won't pine | bizajaymaz esekif we won't pine | sizajaymaz esegizif you all won't pine | alaajaymaz eseleif they won't pine |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menajayırıq esemif I am going to pine | senajayırıq eseŋif you are going to pine | olajayırıq eseif he is going to pine | bizajayırıq esekif we are going to pine | sizajayırıq esegizif you all are going to pine | alaajayırıq eseleif they are going to pine |
| Conditional, future | menajayırıq tül esemif I am not going to pine | senajayırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to pine | olajayırıq tül eseif he is not going to pine | bizajayırıq tül esekif we are not going to pine | sizajayırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to pine | alaajayırıq tül eseleif they are not going to pine |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menajayırıq bolsamif I were going to pine | senajayırıq bolsaŋif you were going to pine | olajayırıq bolsaif he were going to pine | bizajayırıq bolsaqif we were going to pine | sizajayırıq bolsağızif you all were going to pine | alaajayırıq bolsalaif they were going to pine |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menajaymazlıq bolsamif I were not going to pine | senajaymazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to pine | olajaymazlıq bolsaif he were not going to pine | bizajaymazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to pine | sizajaymazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to pine | alaajaymazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to pine |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ajaydıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menajaya bolurmaI must be pining | senajaya bolursayou must be pining | olajaya bolurhe must be pining | bizajaya bolurbuzwe must be pining | sizajaya bolursuzyou all must be pining | alaajaya bolurlathey must be pining |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menajaymay bolurmaI must not be pining | senajaymay bolursayou must not be pining | olajaymay bolurhe must not be pining | bizajaymay bolurbuzwe must not be pining | sizajaymay bolursuzyou all must not be pining | alaajaymay bolurlathey must not be pining |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menajaya tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of pining | senajaya tura bolursayou must be in the middle of pining | olajaya tura bolurhe must be in the middle of pining | bizajaya tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of pining | sizajaya tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of pining | alaajaya tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of pining |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menajaymay tura bolurmaI must keep on not pining | senajaymay tura bolursayou must keep on not pining | olajaymay tura bolurhe must keep on not pining | bizajaymay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not pining | sizajaymay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not pining | alaajaymay tura bolurlathey must keep on not pining |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menajayğan bolurmaI must have pined | senajayğan bolursayou must have pined | olajayğan bolurhe must have pined | bizajayğan bolurbuzwe must have pined | sizajayğan bolursuzyou all must have pined | alaajayğan bolurlathey must have pined |
| Inference (must have) | menajaymağan bolurmaI must not have pined | senajaymağan bolursayou must not have pined | olajaymağan bolurhe must not have pined | bizajaymağan bolurbuzwe must not have pined | sizajaymağan bolursuzyou all must not have pined | alaajaymağan bolurlathey must not have pined |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menajayırıq bolurmaI must be going to pine | senajayırıq bolursayou must be going to pine | olajayırıq bolurhe must be going to pine | bizajayırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to pine | sizajayırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to pine | alaajayırıq bolurlathey must be going to pine |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menajaymazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to pine | senajaymazlıq bolursayou must not be going to pine | olajaymazlıq bolurhe must not be going to pine | bizajaymazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to pine | sizajaymazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to pine | alaajaymazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to pine |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menajayayımlet me pine | senajay!pine! | olajaysınlet him pine | bizajayayıqlet's pine | sizajayığız!pine, you all! | alaajaysınlalet them pine |
| Commands & suggestions | menajaymayımlet me not pine | senajayma!don't pine! | olajaymasınlet him not pine | bizajaymayıqlet's not pine | sizajaymağız!don't pine, you all! | alaajaymasınlalet them not pine |
| Commands & suggestions | menajayayımmı?shall I pine? | olajaysınmı?should he pine? | bizajayayıqmı?shall we pine? | alaajaysınlamı?should they pine? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menajaymayımmı?shall I not pine? | olajaymasınmı?should he not pine? | bizajaymayıqmı?shall we not pine? | alaajaymasınlamı?should they not pine? | ||
| Requests | senajayçı2ajayçınplease pine | olajaysınçıdo let him pine | sizajayçığızplease pine (plural/polite) | alaajaysınlaçıdo let them pine | ||
| Requests | senajaymaçı2ajaymaçınplease don't pine | olajaymasınçıdo let him not pine | sizajaymaçığızplease don't pine (plural/polite) | alaajaymasınlaçıdo let them not pine | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senajayğınajayğımay you pine | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senajaymağınajaymağımay you not pine | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menajayğay edim ajayğa edimwould that I pined | senajayğay ediŋ ajayğa ediŋwould that you pined | olajayğay edi ajayğa ediwould that he pined | bizajayğay edik ajayğa edikwould that we pined | sizajayğay edigiz ajayğa edigizwould that you all pined | alaajayğay edile ajayğa edilewould that they pined |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menajaymağay edim ajaymağa edimwould that I did not pine | senajaymağay ediŋ ajaymağa ediŋwould that you did not pine | olajaymağay edi ajaymağa ediwould that he did not pine | bizajaymağay edik ajaymağa edikwould that we did not pine | sizajaymağay edigiz ajaymağa edigizwould that you all did not pine | alaajaymağay edile ajaymağa edilewould that they did not pine |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menajaymağa qoyayımajayma qoyayımlet me allow someone to pine | senajaymağa qoy!ajayma qoy!let someone pine! | olajaymağa qoysunajayma qoysunlet him allow someone to pine | bizajaymağa qoyayıqajayma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to pine | sizajaymağa qoyuğuz!ajayma qoyuğuz!let someone pine, you all! | alaajaymağa qoysunlaajayma qoysunlalet them allow someone to pine |
| Let someone… (commands) | menajaymağa qoymayımajayma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to pine | senajaymağa qoyma!ajayma qoyma!don't let someone pine! | olajaymağa qoymasınajayma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to pine | bizajaymağa qoymayıqajayma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to pine | sizajaymağa qoymağız!ajayma qoymağız!don't let someone pine, you all! | alaajaymağa qoymasınlaajayma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to pine |
| Let someone… (commands) | menajaymağa qoyayımmı?ajayma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to pine? | olajaymağa qoysunmu?ajayma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to pine? | bizajaymağa qoyayıqmı?ajayma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to pine? | alaajaymağa qoysunlamı?ajayma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to pine? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menajaymağa qoymayımmı?ajayma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to pine? | olajaymağa qoymasınmı?ajayma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to pine? | bizajaymağa qoymayıqmı?ajayma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to pine? | alaajaymağa qoymasınlamı?ajayma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to pine? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menajaymağa qoyamaajayma qoyamaI allow someone to pine | senajaymağa qoyasaajayma qoyasayou allow someone to pine | olajaymağa qoyadıajayma qoyadıhe allows someone to pine | bizajaymağa qoyabızajayma qoyabızwe allow someone to pine | sizajaymağa qoyasızajayma qoyasızyou all allow someone to pine | alaajaymağa qoyadılaajayma qoyadılathey allow someone to pine |
| Let someone… (present) | menajaymağa qoymaymaajayma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to pine | senajaymağa qoymaysaajayma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to pine | olajaymağa qoymaydıajayma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to pine | bizajaymağa qoymaybızajayma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to pine | sizajaymağa qoymaysızajayma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to pine | alaajaymağa qoymaydılaajayma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to pine |
| Let someone… (present) | menajaymağa qoyamamı?ajayma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to pine? | senajaymağa qoyamısa?ajayma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to pine? | olajaymağa qoyamıdı?ajayma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to pine? | bizajaymağa qoyabızmı?ajayma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to pine? | sizajaymağa qoyamısız?ajayma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to pine? | alaajaymağa qoyamıdıla?ajayma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to pine? |
| Let someone… (present) | menajaymağa qoymaymamı?ajayma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to pine? | senajaymağa qoymaymısa?ajayma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to pine? | olajaymağa qoymaymıdı?ajayma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to pine? | bizajaymağa qoymaybızmı?ajayma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to pine? | sizajaymağa qoymaymısız?ajayma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to pine? | alaajaymağa qoymaymıdıla?ajayma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to pine? |
| Let someone… (past) | menajaymağa qoydumajayma qoydumI allowed someone to pine | senajaymağa qoyduŋajayma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to pine | olajaymağa qoyduajayma qoyduhe allowed someone to pine | bizajaymağa qoyduqajayma qoyduqwe allowed someone to pine | sizajaymağa qoyduğuzajayma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to pine | alaajaymağa qoydulaajayma qoydulathey allowed someone to pine |
| Let someone… (past) | menajaymağa qoymadımajayma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to pine | senajaymağa qoymadıŋajayma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to pine | olajaymağa qoymadıajayma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to pine | bizajaymağa qoymadıqajayma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to pine | sizajaymağa qoymadığızajayma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to pine | alaajaymağa qoymadılaajayma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to pine |
| Let someone… (past) | menajaymağa qoydummu?ajayma qoydummu?did I allow someone to pine? | senajaymağa qoyduŋmu?ajayma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to pine? | olajaymağa qoydumu?ajayma qoydumu?did he allow someone to pine? | bizajaymağa qoyduqmu?ajayma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to pine? | sizajaymağa qoyduğuzmu?ajayma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to pine? | alaajaymağa qoydulamı?ajayma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to pine? |
| Let someone… (past) | menajaymağa qoymadımmı?ajayma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to pine? | senajaymağa qoymadıŋmı?ajayma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to pine? | olajaymağa qoymadımı?ajayma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to pine? | bizajaymağa qoymadıqmı?ajayma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to pine? | sizajaymağa qoymadığızmı?ajayma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to pine? | alaajaymağa qoymadılamı?ajayma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to pine? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menajayalamaI can pine | senajayalasayou can pine | olajayaladıhe can pine | bizajayalabızwe can pine | sizajayalasızyou all can pine | alaajayaladılathey can pine |
| Ability — present | menajayalmaymaI can't pine | senajayalmaysayou can't pine | olajayalmaydıhe can't pine | bizajayalmaybızwe can't pine | sizajayalmaysızyou all can't pine | alaajayalmaydılathey can't pine |
| Ability — present | menajayalamamı? ajayalamıma?can I pine? | senajayalamısa?can you pine? | olajayalamıdı?can he pine? | bizajayalabızmı? ajayalamıbız?can we pine? | sizajayalamısız?can you all pine? | alaajayalamıdıla?can they pine? |
| Ability — present | menajayalmaymamı? ajayalmaymıma?can't I pine? | senajayalmaymısa?can't you pine? | olajayalmaymıdı?can't he pine? | bizajayalmaybızmı? ajayalmaymıbız?can't we pine? | sizajayalmaymısız?can't you all pine? | alaajayalmaymıdıla?can't they pine? |
| Ability — if I can… | menajayalsamif I can pine | senajayalsaŋif you can pine | olajayalsaif he can pine | bizajayalsaqif we can pine | sizajayalsağızif you all can pine | alaajayalsalaif they can pine |
| Ability — if I can… | menajayalmasamif I can't pine | senajayalmasaŋif you can't pine | olajayalmasaif he can't pine | bizajayalmasaqif we can't pine | sizajayalmasağızif you all can't pine | alaajayalmasalaif they can't pine |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menajayaldımI was able to pine | senajayaldıŋyou were able to pine | olajayaldıhe was able to pine | bizajayaldıqwe were able to pine | sizajayaldığızyou all were able to pine | alaajayaldılathey were able to pine |
| Ability — simple past | menajayalmadımI could not pine | senajayalmadıŋyou could not pine | olajayalmadıhe could not pine | bizajayalmadıqwe could not pine | sizajayalmadığızyou all could not pine | alaajayalmadılathey could not pine |
| Ability — simple past | menajayaldımmı?was I able to pine? | senajayaldıŋmı?were you able to pine? | olajayaldımı?was he able to pine? | bizajayaldıqmı?were we able to pine? | sizajayaldığızmı?were you all able to pine? | alaajayaldılamı?were they able to pine? |
| Ability — simple past | menajayalmadımmı?couldn't I pine? | senajayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you pine? | olajayalmadımı?couldn't he pine? | bizajayalmadıqmı?couldn't we pine? | sizajayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all pine? | alaajayalmadılamı?couldn't they pine? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menajayalğanmaI have been able to pine | senajayalğansayou have been able to pine | olajayalğandıhe has been able to pine | bizajayalğanbızwe have been able to pine | sizajayalğansızyou all have been able to pine | alaajayalğandılathey have been able to pine |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menajayalmağanmaI haven't been able to pine | senajayalmağansayou haven't been able to pine | olajayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to pine | bizajayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to pine | sizajayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to pine | alaajayalmağandılathey haven't been able to pine |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menajayalğanmamı? ajayalğanmıma?have I been able to pine? | senajayalğanmısa?have you been able to pine? | olajayalğanmıdı?has he been able to pine? | bizajayalğanbızmı? ajayalğanmıbız?have we been able to pine? | sizajayalğanmısız?have you all been able to pine? | alaajayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to pine? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menajayalmağanmamı? ajayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to pine? | senajayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to pine? | olajayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to pine? | bizajayalmağanbızmı? ajayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to pine? | sizajayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to pine? | alaajayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to pine? |
| Ability — past perfect | menajayalğan edimajayalğanemI had been able to pine | senajayalğan ediŋajayalğaneŋyou had been able to pine | olajayalğan ediajayalğanedhe had been able to pine | bizajayalğan edikajayalğanekwe had been able to pine | sizajayalğan edigizajayalğanegizyou all had been able to pine | alaajayalğan edileajayalğanellethey had been able to pine |
| Ability — past perfect | menajayalmağan edimajayalmağanemI hadn't been able to pine | senajayalmağan ediŋajayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to pine | olajayalmağan ediajayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to pine | bizajayalmağan edikajayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to pine | sizajayalmağan edigizajayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to pine | alaajayalmağan edileajayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to pine |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menajayala edimajayalaemI could pine | senajayala ediŋajayalaeŋyou could pine | olajayala ediajayalaedhe could pine | bizajayala edikajayalaekwe could pine | sizajayala edigizajayalaegizyou all could pine | alaajayala edileajayalaellethey could pine |
| Ability — past background | menajayalmay edimajayalmayemI could not pine | senajayalmay ediŋajayalmayeŋyou could not pine | olajayalmay ediajayalmayedhe could not pine | bizajayalmay edikajayalmayekwe could not pine | sizajayalmay edigizajayalmayegizyou all could not pine | alaajayalmay edileajayalmayellethey could not pine |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menajayalırmaI will be able to pine | senajayalırsayou will be able to pine | olajayalırhe will be able to pine | bizajayalırbızwe will be able to pine | sizajayalırsızyou all will be able to pine | alaajayalırlathey will be able to pine |
| Ability — future I | menajayalmazmaI won't be able to pine | senajayalmazsayou won't be able to pine | olajayalmazhe won't be able to pine | bizajayalmazbızwe won't be able to pine | sizajayalmazsızyou all won't be able to pine | alaajayalmazlathey won't be able to pine |
| Ability — future I | menajayalırmamı? ajayalırmıma?will I be able to pine? | senajayalırmısa?will you be able to pine? | olajayalırmı?will he be able to pine? | bizajayalırbızmı? ajayalırmıbız?will we be able to pine? | sizajayalırmısız?will you all be able to pine? | alaajayalırlamı? ajayalırmıla?will they be able to pine? |
| Ability — future I | menajayalmazmamı? ajayalmazmıma?won't I be able to pine? | senajayalmazmısa?won't you be able to pine? | olajayalmazmı?won't he be able to pine? | bizajayalmazbızmı? ajayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to pine? | sizajayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to pine? | alaajayalmazlamı? ajayalmazmıla?won't they be able to pine? |
| Ability — future II | menajayallıqmaI am going to be able to pine | senajayallıqsayou are going to be able to pine | olajayallıqdıhe is going to be able to pine | bizajayallıqbızwe are going to be able to pine | sizajayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to pine | alaajayallıqdılathey are going to be able to pine |
| Ability — future II | menajayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to pine | senajayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to pine | olajayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to pine | bizajayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to pine | sizajayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to pine | alaajayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to pine |
| Ability — future II | menajayallıqmamı? ajayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to pine? | senajayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to pine? | olajayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to pine? | bizajayallıqbızmı? ajayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to pine? | sizajayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to pine? | alaajayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to pine? |
| Ability — future II | menajayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to pine? | senajayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to pine? | olajayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to pine? | bizajayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to pine? | sizajayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to pine? | alaajayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to pine? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menajayalır edimajayalır emI would be able to pine | senajayalır ediŋajayalır eŋyou would be able to pine | olajayalır ediajayalır edhe would be able to pine | bizajayalır edikajayalır ekwe would be able to pine | sizajayalır edigizajayalır egizyou all would be able to pine | alaajayalır edileajayalır ellethey would be able to pine |
| Ability — would be able to… | menajayalmaz edimajayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to pine | senajayalmaz ediŋajayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to pine | olajayalmaz ediajayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to pine | bizajayalmaz edikajayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to pine | sizajayalmaz edigizajayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to pine | alaajayalmaz edileajayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to pine |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senajayalğınajayalğımay you be able to pine | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senajayalmağınajayalmağımay you not be able to pine | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menajayırğa izleymeI want to pine | senajayırğa izleyseyou want to pine | olajayırğa izleydihe wants to pine | bizajayırğa izleybizwe want to pine | sizajayırğa izleysizyou all want to pine | alaajayırğa izleydilethey want to pine |
| want to | menajayırğa izlemeymeI do not want to pine | senajayırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to pine | olajayırğa izlemeydihe does not want to pine | bizajayırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to pine | sizajayırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to pine | alaajayırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to pine |
| would like to | menajayırğa süemeI would like to pine | senajayırğa süeseyou would like to pine | olajayırğa süedihe would like to pine | bizajayırğa süebizwe would like to pine | sizajayırğa süesizyou all would like to pine | alaajayırğa süedilethey would like to pine |
| would like to | menajayırğa süymeymeI would not like to pine | senajayırğa süymeyseyou would not like to pine | olajayırğa süymeydihe would not like to pine | bizajayırğa süymeybizwe would not like to pine | sizajayırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to pine | alaajayırğa süymeydilethey would not like to pine |
| hope to | menajayırğa umutlanamaI hope to pine | senajayırğa umutlanasayou hope to pine | olajayırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to pine | bizajayırğa umutlanabızwe hope to pine | sizajayırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to pine | alaajayırğa umutlanadılathey hope to pine |
| hope to | menajayırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to pine | senajayırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to pine | olajayırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to pine | bizajayırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to pine | sizajayırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to pine | alaajayırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to pine |
| be about to | menajayırğa deb turamaI am about to pine | senajayırğa deb turasayou are about to pine | olajayırğa deb turadıhe is about to pine | bizajayırğa deb turabızwe are about to pine | sizajayırğa deb turasızyou all are about to pine | alaajayırğa deb turadılathey are about to pine |
| be about to | menajayırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to pine | senajayırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to pine | olajayırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to pine | bizajayırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to pine | sizajayırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to pine | alaajayırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to pine |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menajayırğa kerekmeI need to pine | senajayırğa kerekseyou need to pine | olajayırğa kerekdihe needs to pine | bizajayırğa kerekbizwe need to pine | sizajayırğa kereksizyou all need to pine | alaajayırğa kerekdilethey need to pine |
| need to | menajayırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to pine | senajayırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to pine | olajayırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to pine | bizajayırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to pine | sizajayırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to pine | alaajayırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to pine |
| have to | menmenŋe ajayırğa tüşediI have to pine | sensenŋe ajayırğa tüşediyou have to pine | olaŋa ajayırğa tüşedihe has to pine | bizbizge ajayırğa tüşediwe have to pine | sizsizge ajayırğa tüşediyou all have to pine | alaalağa ajayırğa tüşedithey have to pine |
| have to | menmenŋe ajayırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to pine | sensenŋe ajayırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to pine | olaŋa ajayırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to pine | bizbizge ajayırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to pine | sizsizge ajayırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to pine | alaalağa ajayırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to pine |
| be obliged to | menajayırğa borçlumaI am obliged to pine | senajayırğa borçlusayou are obliged to pine | olajayırğa borçluduhe is obliged to pine | bizajayırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to pine | sizajayırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to pine | alaajayırğa borçludulathey are obliged to pine |
| be obliged to | menajayırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to pine | senajayırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to pine | olajayırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to pine | bizajayırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to pine | sizajayırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to pine | alaajayırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to pine |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menajayırğa madarım bardıI have a way to pine | senajayırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to pine | olajayırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to pine | bizajayırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to pine | sizajayırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to pine | alaajayırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to pine |
| have a way to | menajayırğa madarım joqduI have no way to pine | senajayırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to pine | olajayırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to pine | bizajayırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to pine | sizajayırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to pine | alaajayırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to pine |
| be free to | menajayırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to pine | senajayırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to pine | olajayırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to pine | bizajayırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to pine | sizajayırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to pine | alaajayırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to pine |
| be free to | menajayırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to pine | senajayırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to pine | olajayırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to pine | bizajayırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to pine | sizajayırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to pine | alaajayırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to pine |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ajayırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to pine | sensenŋe ajayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to pine | olaŋa ajayırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to pine | bizbizge ajayırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to pine | sizsizge ajayırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to pine | alaalağa ajayırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to pine |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ajayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to pine | sensenŋe ajayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to pine | olaŋa ajayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to pine | bizbizge ajayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to pine | sizsizge ajayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to pine | alaalağa ajayırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to pine |
| be ready to | menajayırğa hazırmaI am ready to pine | senajayırğa hazırsayou are ready to pine | olajayırğa hazırdıhe is ready to pine | bizajayırğa hazırbızwe are ready to pine | sizajayırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to pine | alaajayırğa hazırdılathey are ready to pine |
| be ready to | menajayırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to pine | senajayırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to pine | olajayırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to pine | bizajayırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to pine | sizajayırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to pine | alaajayırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to pine |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menajayırğa küreşemeI am trying to pine | senajayırğa küreşeseyou are trying to pine | olajayırğa küreşedihe is trying to pine | bizajayırğa küreşebizwe are trying to pine | sizajayırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to pine | alaajayırğa küreşedilethey are trying to pine |
| try to | menajayırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to pine | senajayırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to pine | olajayırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to pine | bizajayırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to pine | sizajayırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to pine | alaajayırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to pine |
| agree to | menajayırğa unaymaI agree to pine | senajayırğa unaysayou agree to pine | olajayırğa unaydıhe agrees to pine | bizajayırğa unaybızwe agree to pine | sizajayırğa unaysızyou all agree to pine | alaajayırğa unaydılathey agree to pine |
| agree to | menajayırğa unamaymaI refuse to pine | senajayırğa unamaysayou refuse to pine | olajayırğa unamaydıhe refuses to pine | bizajayırğa unamaybızwe refuse to pine | sizajayırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to pine | alaajayırğa unamaydılathey refuse to pine |
| hurry to | menajayırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to pine | senajayırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to pine | olajayırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to pine | bizajayırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to pine | sizajayırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to pine | alaajayırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to pine |
| hurry to | menajayırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to pine | senajayırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to pine | olajayırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to pine | bizajayırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to pine | sizajayırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to pine | alaajayırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to pine |
| be afraid to | menajayırğa qorqamaI am afraid to pine | senajayırğa qorqasayou are afraid to pine | olajayırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to pine | bizajayırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to pine | sizajayırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to pine | alaajayırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to pine |
| be afraid to | menajayırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to pine | senajayırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to pine | olajayırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to pine | bizajayırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to pine | sizajayırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to pine | alaajayırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to pine |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menajaya bolmazmaI can't be pining | senajaya bolmazsayou can't be pining | olajaya bolmazhe can't be pining | bizajaya bolmazbızwe can't be pining | sizajaya bolmazsızyou all can't be pining | alaajaya bolmazlathey can't be pining |
| Inference, present — double negation | menajaymay bolmazmaI must be pining (emphatic) | senajaymay bolmazsayou must be pining (emphatic) | olajaymay bolmazhe must be pining (emphatic) | bizajaymay bolmazbızwe must be pining (emphatic) | sizajaymay bolmazsızyou all must be pining (emphatic) | alaajaymay bolmazlathey must be pining (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menajaya turmasamif I don't keep pining | senajaya turmasaŋif you don't keep pining | olajaya turmasaif he doesn't keep pining | bizajaya turmasaqif we don't keep pining | sizajaya turmasağızif you all don't keep pining | alaajaya turmasalaif they don't keep pining |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menajaya tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of pining | senajaya tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of pining | olajaya tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of pining | bizajaya tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of pining | sizajaya tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of pining | alaajaya tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of pining |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menajaymay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not pining (emphatic) | senajaymay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not pining (emphatic) | olajaymay tura bolmazhe must keep on not pining (emphatic) | bizajaymay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not pining (emphatic) | sizajaymay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not pining (emphatic) | alaajaymay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not pining (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menajaymay turamaI keep on not pining | senajaymay turasayou keep on not pining | olajaymay turadıhe keeps on not pining | bizajaymay turabızwe keep on not pining | sizajaymay turasızyou all keep on not pining | alaajaymay turadılathey keep on not pining |
| Progressive — double negation | menajaymay turmaymaI am not keeping on not pining | senajaymay turmaysayou are not keeping on not pining | olajaymay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not pining | bizajaymay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not pining | sizajaymay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not pining | alaajaymay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not pining |
| Progressive — double negation | menajaymay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not pining? | senajaymay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not pining? | olajaymay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not pining? | bizajaymay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not pining? | sizajaymay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not pining? | alaajaymay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not pining? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menajayğan bolmazmaI can't have pined | senajayğan bolmazsayou can't have pined | olajayğan bolmazhe can't have pined | bizajayğan bolmazbızwe can't have pined | sizajayğan bolmazsızyou all can't have pined | alaajayğan bolmazlathey can't have pined |
| Inference — double negation | menajaymağan bolmazmaI must have pined (emphatic) | senajaymağan bolmazsayou must have pined (emphatic) | olajaymağan bolmazhe must have pined (emphatic) | bizajaymağan bolmazbızwe must have pined (emphatic) | sizajaymağan bolmazsızyou all must have pined (emphatic) | alaajaymağan bolmazlathey must have pined (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menajayğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had pined | senajayğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had pined | olajayğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had pined | bizajayğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had pined | sizajayğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had pined | alaajayğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had pined |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menajaymağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't pined | senajaymağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't pined | olajaymağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't pined | bizajaymağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't pined | sizajaymağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't pined | alaajaymağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't pined |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menajayırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to pine | senajayırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to pine | olajayırıq bolmazhe can't be going to pine | bizajayırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to pine | sizajayırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to pine | alaajayırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to pine |
| Inference, future — double negation | menajaymazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to pine (emphatic) | senajaymazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to pine (emphatic) | olajaymazlıq bolmazhe must be going to pine (emphatic) | bizajaymazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to pine (emphatic) | sizajaymazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to pine (emphatic) | alaajaymazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to pine (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menajayırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to pine | senajayırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to pine | olajayırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to pine | bizajayırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to pine | sizajayırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to pine | alaajayırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to pine |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menajaymazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to pine | senajaymazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to pine | olajaymazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to pine | bizajaymazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to pine | sizajaymazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to pine | alaajaymazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to pine |